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Kanani H, Patil R, Khubchandani M, Yeluri R, K R, Pandey R, Suroliya P, Goyal R, Deshkar M. Surgical Approach to Managing an Apical Periodontal Cyst Using Titanium-Activated Platelet-Rich Fibrin (T-PRF) in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e63887. [PMID: 39105011 PMCID: PMC11298275 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report discusses the surgical management of an apical periodontal cyst in a 14-year-old male patient presenting with pain in the upper anterior jaw. The patient had a history of trauma to the upper anterior teeth, leading to the development of a radicular cyst involving teeth 11 and 12. The treatment plan included initial root canal therapy followed by surgical enucleation of the cyst, apicoectomy, and retrograde filling of the affected teeth. Titanium-activated platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) membranes were utilized along with an osseo-bone graft to promote healing and bone regeneration. Post-operative aesthetic rehabilitation was achieved, and the patient showed complete healing upon six months of follow-up. The case highlights the efficacy of combining endodontic therapy with surgical intervention using advanced biomaterials to manage radicular cysts in pediatric patients successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikishan Kanani
- Pediatric Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rutuja Patil
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Monika Khubchandani
- Pediatric Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ramakrishna Yeluri
- Pediatric Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rajanikanth K
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ruchika Pandey
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prachi Suroliya
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Riya Goyal
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mrunali Deshkar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Rodrigues RCV, Porpino MTM, Dessaune-Neto N, Antunes HS, Pinto KMMC, Provenzano JC, Pires FR, Siqueira JF, Armada L. Correlation Between Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Clinical Data in Apical Granuloma. J Endod 2024; 50:499-505. [PMID: 38311115 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was intended to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines commonly secreted by CD4+ T cells (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in apical granulomas and correlate with the clinical conditions and time elapsed since root canal treatment. METHODS Eighteen biopsy specimens obtained by periradicular surgery of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis and diagnosed as apical granuloma were available from the oral pathology laboratory. Silanized slides containing paraffin sections were used for immunohistochemical reactions. Images were analyzed by using an optical microscopy and each slide was subdivided into 5 fields at high magnification. RESULTS IFN-γ and TGF-β were the cytokines with the highest expression levels. There were statistically significant differences when comparing IL-2 and IFN-γ (P < .05), and IL-2 and TGF-β (P < .05). Comparison between the detected cytokines and clinical data and time of treatment demonstrated significant correlation (P < .05) between lower expression of IL-2 and the presence of painful symptoms, absence of sinus tract, and treatments performed more than 4 years before. It was also possible to observe a significant correlation between lower expression of IL-5 and treatments performed less than 4 years before (P < .05). CONCLUSION IFN-γ and TGF-β were highly expressed in apical granulomas. However, only IL-2 and IL-5 levels were associated with clinical data and time since previous root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C V Rodrigues
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana T M Porpino
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nilton Dessaune-Neto
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique S Antunes
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina M M C Pinto
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José C Provenzano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Experimental Research Department, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio R Pires
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Experimental Research Department, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Experimental Research Department, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Liu J, Yue J, Wang K, Zhou L, Mao H, Chen Z, Li Q, Zhang L. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Are Related to Inflammatory Progression and Bone Loss in Human Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2023; 49:1138-1144. [PMID: 37331649 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone loss is strongly associated with the immunologic milieu in apical periodontitis (AP). Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized lymphoid cell aggregates that form in nonlymphoid tissues under persistent inflammatory circumstances. To date, there has been no relevant report of TLSs in periapical lesions. This work aimed to investigate the formation and potential function of TLSs in AP. METHODS Tissues from human apical lesions (n = 61) and healthy oral mucosa (n = 5) were collected. Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence were used to detect the formation of TLSs. Correlation analyses were performed between clinical variables and TLSs. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, and macrophage subsets in the apical lesions. RESULTS Periapical granulomas (n = 24) and cysts (n = 37) were identified by histologic evaluation. TLSs, composed of B-cell and T-cell clusters, developed in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. The CXC-chemokine ligand 13, its receptor CXC-chemokine receptor 5, follicular dendritic cells, and high endothelial venules were localized in TLSs. The quantity and size of TLSs were positively associated with bone loss in AP. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage subsets were also substantially elevated in TLS regions of apical lesions. CONCLUSIONS The formation of TLSs in periapical granulomas and cysts was closely associated with persistent immune responses and bone loss in apical lesions. TLSs provide an updated insight into the complicated immune response process in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Konghuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Agrawal P, Nikhade P, Patel A, Sedani S, Bhopatkar J. Management of Discoloured Anterior Teeth With Radicular Cyst: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e45536. [PMID: 37868572 PMCID: PMC10586074 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental trauma often has tooth discoloration and periapical lesion as its sequelae. Intracoronal bleaching restores the aesthetics, while a retrograde approach is required for non-healing lesions. A patient with discolored teeth, draining sinus, tenderness and a periapical lesion on the radiograph was treated initially with conventional root canal therapy and walking bleach technique. After four months, the sinus tract reappeared and on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination, a large periapical lesion with loss of buccal cortical plate was seen. A minimally invasive retrograde cystic enucleation, apicectomy, and filling with biodentine were then performed. The defect area was filled with synthetic nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite granules combined with platelet-rich-fibrin. Follow-ups after one, three, and six months were taken. The six-month CBCT revealed complete bone healing. Non-vital bleaching yields acceptable cosmetic results. Additionally, if the conventional procedures are not successful in treating radicular cyst, apical surgery must be the ultimate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Agrawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Pradnya Nikhade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Aditya Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Shweta Sedani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Jay Bhopatkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
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Yang H, Luo D, Yuan MJ, Yang JJ, Wang DS. Five-year outcomes of immediate implant placement for mandibular molars with and without chronic apical periodontitis: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5218-5229. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement. At the patient’s request, we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice.
AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation.
METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected. The patients were divided into CAP (n = 52) and no-CAP (n = 45) groups. Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration.
RESULTS At 5 years after implantation, the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2 ± 78.8 Hounsfield unit (HU) in the CAP group and 562.6 ± 82.9 HU in the no-CAP group (P = 0.126). Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups, including buccal (P = 0.268) or lingual (P = 0.526) resorption in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.428) or lingual (P = 0.560) resorption in the horizontal direction. Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups, including the buccal (P = 0.247) or lingual (P = 0.604) space in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.527) or lingual (P = 0.707) space in the horizontal direction. The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density. In the CAP area, the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results, without significant differences in the complications, survival rate, or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mu-Jie Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Shan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Yang H, Luo D, Yuan MJ, Yang JJ, Wang DS. Five-year outcomes of immediate implant placement for mandibular molars with and without chronic apical periodontitis: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5224-5235. [PMID: 37621586 PMCID: PMC10445073 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement. At the patient's request, we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice. AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation. METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected. The patients were divided into CAP (n = 52) and no-CAP (n = 45) groups. Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration. RESULTS At 5 years after implantation, the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2 ± 78.8 Hounsfield unit (HU) in the CAP group and 562.6 ± 82.9 HU in the no-CAP group (P = 0.126). Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups, including buccal (P = 0.268) or lingual (P = 0.526) resorption in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.428) or lingual (P = 0.560) resorption in the horizontal direction. Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups, including the buccal (P = 0.247) or lingual (P = 0.604) space in the vertical direction or buccal (P = 0.527) or lingual (P = 0.707) space in the horizontal direction. The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density. In the CAP area, the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results, without significant differences in the complications, survival rate, or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mu-Jie Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Da-Shan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Roghani SA, Lotfi R, Soleymani B, Samimi Z, Feizollahi P, Asar S, Abdan Z, Khorasanizadeh A, Taghadosi M. Investigating the correlation of the NF-κB and FoxP3 gene expression with the plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1443-1450. [PMID: 36737515 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic autoimmune disease. Cytokines regulate a wide range of inflammatory processes involved in RA pathogenesis. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TGF-β and lL-10) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6, were found to be potentially implicated in RA pathogenesis. Besides, NF-κB and FoxP3 are critical transcription factors regulating the inflammatory events occurring in RA patients. This study intends to assess the plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 cytokines, as well as the expression of NF-κB and FoxP3 genes in RA patients, compared to the healthy controls. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 50 RA patients (25 new case and 25 under-treatment) and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. The disease activity was determined using the DAS-28 and ESR criteria. Also, plasma levels of TGF-β1, lL-10, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and the gene expression of NF-κB and FoxP3 was evaluated using the real-time PCR method. RESULTS Our results showed a significant up-regulation of Rel-A and NF-κB1, and also a down-regulation of FoxP3 gene expression in under-treatment RA patients compared to the controls (P=0.031, P=0.014, and P=0.011, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant reduction of Rel-A and FoxP3 in the under-treatment RA patients compared to new case RA patients (P=0.005 and P=0.015, respectively). Also, plasma levels of TGF-β1 were significantly increased in both the new case and under-treatment RA patients relative to controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, classical NF-κB (P65/P50) and FoxP3 may have significant pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in RA pathogenesis, respectively. Key Point • NF-κB (P65/P50) has a contribution to the early phase of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Askar Roghani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bijan Soleymani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Samimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Feizollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shirin Asar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdan
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khorasanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Andrade ADO, Mesquita RA, Gordón-Núñez MA, Alves PM, Nonaka CFW. Immunoexpression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in Radicular Cysts, Dentigerous Cysts, and Odontogenic Keratocysts. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:113-120. [PMID: 36449693 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and to correlate the findings with morphologic parameters of RCs (inflammatory infiltrate and cystic epithelium). Twenty RCs, 20 DCs, and 20 OKCs were submitted to immunohistochemistry. The percentages of cytoplasmic (CXCL12 and CXCR4) and nuclear (CXCR4) staining in epithelial and fibrous capsule cells were determined. RCs and DCs exhibited higher epithelial expression of CXCL12 than OKCs ( P <0.05). The expression of CXCL12 in the fibrous capsule was higher in DCs than in RCs and OKCs ( P <0.05). Higher cytoplasmic expression of CXCR4 was observed in the epithelial lining and fibrous capsule of RCs and DCs compared with OKCs ( P <0.05). In the fibrous capsule, DCs exhibited higher nuclear expression of CXCR4 than OKCs ( P <0.05). No significant differences in the immunoexpression of CXCL12 or CXCR4 were observed according to the morphologic parameters of RCs ( P >0.05). Strong positive correlations were found between cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of CXCR4 in the epithelial lining of RCs and DCs and in the fibrous capsule of all groups ( P <0.05). The results suggest the participation of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of RCs, DCs, and OKCs. These proteins may be particularly relevant for the development of odontogenic cysts with less aggressive biological behavior, irrespective of their nature (inflammatory or developmental). In RCs, the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 may not be related to the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate or the status of cystic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Pollianna Muniz Alves
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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Kang L, Miao Y, Jin Y, Shen S, Lin X. Exosomal miR-205-5p derived from periodontal ligament stem cells attenuates the inflammation of chronic periodontitis via targeting XBP1. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e743. [PMID: 36705422 PMCID: PMC9761342 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory periodontal disease with high incidence and complex pathology. This research is aimed to investigate the function of exosomal miR-205-5p (Exo-miR-205-5p) in CP and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHOD Exo-miR-205-5p was isolated from miR-205-5p mimics-transfected periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and subsequently cocultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells or injected into LPS-treated rats. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and Th17/Treg-related factors were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of inflammatory factors and the percentages of Th17/Treg cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Besides, the target relation between miR-205-5p and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was explored. RESULTS MiR-205-5p was downregulated in LPS-induced PDLSCs and corresponding exosomes. Exo-miR-205-5p inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and decreased the percentage of Th17 cells in LPS-treated rats. In addition, XBP1 was a target of miR-205-5p. Overexpression of XBP1 weakened the effects of Exo-miR-205-5p on inhibiting inflammation and regulating Treg/Th17 balance in LPS-induced cells. CONCLUSIONS Exo-miR-205-5p derived from PDLSCs relieves the inflammation and balances the Th17/Treg cells in CP through targeting XBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Kang
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Yibin Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Siyu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina
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Lyu P, Song Y, Bi R, Li Z, Wei Y, Huang Q, Cui C, Song D, Zhou X, Fan Y. Protective Actions in Apical Periodontitis: The Regenerative Bioactivities Led by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1737. [PMID: 36551165 PMCID: PMC9776067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resulting from bacterial infection, apical periodontitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disease of the periapical region of the tooth. The regeneration of the destroyed periapical alveolar bone and the surrounding periodontium tissues has long been a difficult task in clinical practice. These lesions are closely related to pathogen invasion and an overreactive immune response. It is worth noting that the protective healing process occurs simultaneously, in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a crucial function in mediating the immune system and promoting regeneration. Here, we review the recent studies related to AP, with a focus on the regulatory network of MSCs. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches of MSCs in inflammatory diseases to provide a basis for promoting tissue regeneration and modulating inflammation in AP. A deeper understanding of the protective action of MSCs and the regulatory networks will help to delineate the underlying mechanisms of AP and pave the way for stem-cell-based regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lyu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiming Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zucen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yali Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Li J, Wang F, Cui Y, Song L, Yu Y, Chen X. Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers of Rape Pollen Allergy Based on MRNA Sequencing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:6153577. [PMID: 36212976 PMCID: PMC9534618 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6153577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the allergic group and the nonallergic group were excavated. Humoral immune response, chemokine-related biological processes, granulocyte-related biological processes, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway were found connected with DEGs. The allergic group had significantly higher enrich scores of T cells, T helper cells, TFH, and Th17 cells than the nonallergic group. We acquired 26 rape pollen allergy-associated genes by taking the intersection of key module genes from WGCNA and the DEGs. The functional enrichment results show that rape pollen allergy-associated genes are relevant to processes and pathways like regulation of inflammatory response, transcriptional regulation, lymphocyte differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Then, three characteristic genes were defined by crossing the genes derived from LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms, including MYADM, PMAIP1, and MLF1. The AUC values of these genes manifested that the three genes had a mighty discrimination power in discriminating allergic samples from nonallergic samples. In conclusion, this study revealed three characteristic genes (MYADM, PMAIP1, and MLF1) in rape pollen allergy, suggesting that they may be potential biomarkers in rape pollen allergy diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhua Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongmei Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Guandu District Maternal and Child Health Service Center, Kunming, China
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12
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Meneses CCB, Diogenes A, Sipert CR. Endocannabinoids modulate production of osteoclastogenic factors by stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro. J Endod 2022; 48:1511-1516. [PMID: 36174776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many mediators are produced during pulp inflammation and necrosis, including endocannabinoids (ECbs), which might affect the function of stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), cells of paramount importance for root formation and regenerative endodontic treatment (RET). The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of osteoclastogenesis-related mediators by SCAP, modulated by ECbs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS SCAP were cultured and treated with ECbs anandamide (AEA), 2-A arachidonoylglycerol or N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404). All groups were incubated in the presence of vehicle or LPS and the antagonist of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1), capsazepine (CPZ). After 24 h, the culture medium supernatants were collected for further quantification of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CCL2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). RESULTS Small amounts of TNF-α and RANKL were detected in SCAP supernatants, and none of the experimental conditions altered their production. A downregulation in constitutive CCL2 production was observed in the AEA group compared to that in the LPS group. The production of M-CSF was significantly increased in all groups treated with AEA compared to the control and LPS-treated groups. OPG was significantly increased by AEA alone and by 2AG and AM404 in presence of LPS and CPZ. CONCLUSIONS AEA modulate some of the osteoclastogenic factors produced by SCAP in a bone resorption-protective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C B Meneses
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - C R Sipert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Bansal D, Kamboj M, Narwal A, Devi A, Marwah N. Interplay of collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts: a comparative polarizing microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e12. [PMID: 35284324 PMCID: PMC8891460 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This pilot study aimed to establish the interrelationship between collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts. Materials and Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 68 specimens (34 periapical granulomas and 34 periapical cysts). The specimens were stained with picrosirius to observe collagen fiber birefringence and anti-tryptase antibody to evaluate the mast cell count immunohistochemically. The mean number and birefringence of collagen fibers, as well as the mean number of mast cells (total, granulated, and degranulated), and the mean inflammatory cell density were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). Results The mean number of thick collagen fibers was higher in periapical cysts, while that of thin fibers was higher in granulomas (p = 0.00). Cysts emitted orange-yellow to red birefringence, whereas periapical granulomas had predominantly green fibers (p = 0.00). The mean inflammatory cell density was comparable in all groups (p = 0.129). The number of total, degranulated, and granulated mast cells exhibited significant results (p = 0.00) in both groups. Thick cyst fibers showed significant inverse correlations with inflammation and degranulated mast cells (p = 0.041, 0.04 respectively). Conclusions Mast cells and inflammatory cells influenced the nature of collagen fiber formation and its birefringence. This finding may assist in the prediction of the nature, pathogenesis, and biological behavior of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepty Bansal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Anjali Narwal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Anju Devi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
| | - Nisha Marwah
- Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Teixeira QE, Ferreira DDC, da Silva AMP, Gonçalves LS, Pires FR, Carrouel F, Bourgeois D, Sufiawati I, Armada L. Aging as a Risk Factor on the Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α Cytokines in Chronic Apical Periodontitis Lesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010014. [PMID: 35053012 PMCID: PMC8772771 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammatory responses in the elderly may act as modifiers on the progression and repair of chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs). While the involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflammatory responses and, particularly, in CAPL has been documented, their expression in elderly patients needs to be further characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CAPL from elderly individuals with young/middle-aged individuals. Thirty CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granulomas) from elderly patients (>60 years) and 30 CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granuloma) from young/middle-aged individuals (20–56 years) were selected. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed against IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The slides were subdivided into five high-magnification fields and analyzed. The number of positive stains was evaluated for each antibody. There was no significant difference between the cytokines when the cysts and granuloma were compared in the two groups. In the young/middle-aged, only IL-1β showed a difference and was significantly higher in granulomas (p = 0.019). CAPL pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the elderly were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged individuals (p < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CAPL in the elderly compared with the young/middle-aged group. Further elaborate research studies/analyses to elucidate the reasons for and consequences of inflammation in the elderly are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quésia Euclides Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Alexandre Marques Paes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +55-21-2497-898 (L.A.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Irna Sufiawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +55-21-2497-898 (L.A.)
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15
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Wang L, Yang F, Qiu Y, Ye L, Song D, Huang D. The Potential Roles of T Cells in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2021; 48:70-79. [PMID: 34627784 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical lesions are inflammatory diseases mainly caused by microbial infection from the root canal system, affecting the integrity of alveolar bone, periapical cementum, and periodontal ligament. The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms activates local inflammation and host immune response, especially the recruitment and differentiation of T cells. Many studies have discussed the fundamental roles of T cell-related immunological regulation and the possible clinical significance of cytokine disorders in periapical lesions. However, oral pathogen-mediated T cell immune response is far more clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the research status of T cell-related immunology involved in the progression of periapical lesions and potential future directions. METHODS We conducted a literature review focusing on T cell-related immunology in periapical lesions by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect online databases. RESULTS In total 108 articles were involved in this narrative review. During the development of periapical lesions, the infiltrated number of different types of T cells and the secretion of T cell-related cytokines in root apex region reflected the inflammatory status of periapical lesions. In addition, it was also highly correlated with the periapical bone destruction. Future study could attempt to provide a wider and deeper study on the expression profile and regulatory function of T cells in the development of periapical lesions. CONCLUSION This review would help us understand the essence of the T cell-related pathology of periapical lesions and raise the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Altaie AM, Venkatachalam T, Samaranayake LP, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707267. [PMID: 34539639 PMCID: PMC8446658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lakshman P Samaranayake
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Dumitrescu A, Martu MA, Nemtoi A, Sirghe A, Chelaru L, Tatarciuc D, Dumitrescu AM, Haba D. Association between Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Histological and Immunohistochemical Features in Periapical Lesions Correlated with Thickened Maxillary Sinus Mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080840. [PMID: 34441046 PMCID: PMC8401138 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Odontogenic sinusitis is a frequently underestimated pathology with fewer symptoms in patients with periapical lesions, periodontal disease, or iatrogenic foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus. The aim of our study was to determine the correlation between maxillary sinusitis and periapical lesions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and histological and immunohistochemical investigations. Materials and Methods: A total of 1450 initial patients diagnosed with maxillary sinusitis in the Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, Romania, were treated with anti-inflammatory drugs. Of these, 629 still had unresolved symptomatology and were later referred to the Dental Medicine departments for further investigations. Only 50 subjects with periapical lesions in the premolar/molar maxillary area were included in the present study. All the periapical lesions were observed on CBCT and classified using the Periapical Status Index (PSI) and the mean maxillary sinus mucosa thicknesses (MSMT). The enrolled patients underwent surgical procedures with the excision of periapical lesions. The excised samples were submitted to the histological and immunohistochemical investigations. Results: The 50 patients presented periapical lesions of their maxillary teeth in 328 dental units. There was a higher prevalence of periapical lesions in men than in women (chi-square test). We observed a significant difference between the mean MSMT of individuals with periapical lesions compared to those without (p < 0.01). Mean MSMT was 1.23 mm for teeth without periapical lesions and 3.95 mm for teeth with periapical lesions. The histopathological study identified 50% cases with periapical granulomas, 10% cases with periapical granulomas with cystic potential, and 40% cases as periapical cysts. Immunohistochemical stainings showed that CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, along with CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages, were diffusely distributed in all periapical cysts and in some periapical granulomas, but CD79α+ plasma cells characterized especially periapical granulomas. Conclusions: The current study observed a significant correlation between CBCT maxillary mucosa thickness and type of periapical lesion. Chronic inflammatory lympho-histiocytic infiltrate predominates in periapical lesions, supporting the idea that lesion progression is determined by a humoral-type (CD20+ and CD79α+ B lymphocytes) but also by a cellular-type (CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte population) immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dumitrescu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.); (A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Martu
- Department of Periodontology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-742-189-178
| | - Alexandru Nemtoi
- Department of Health and Human Development, “Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Str., 720225 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Ana Sirghe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.); (A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Liliana Chelaru
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (A.-M.D.)
| | - Diana Tatarciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Dumitrescu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (A.-M.D.)
| | - Danisia Haba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.); (A.S.); (D.H.)
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18
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Costa Neto H, Andrade ALDLD, Carmo AFD, Freitas RDA, Galvão HC. Involvement of tryptase-positive mast cells and angiogenesis in the growth of inflammatory odontogenic cysts. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e061. [PMID: 34076187 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periapical lesions are characterized by infiltration of different immune cell types, the functions of which depend on an effective vascular network. This study aimed to evaluate the mast cells density (MCD) in inflamatory odontogenic cysts capsules concerning microvascular density (MVD), microvascular area (MVA), and microvascular perimeter (MVP), and correlate such findings with the type of lesion, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and thickness of the epithelial lining. Twenty inflamatory dentigerous cysts (IDCs), twenty radicular cysts (RCs), and twenty residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis using anti-tryptase and anti-CD34 antibodies. RCs exhibited the highest MCD, MVD, MVA, and MVP indexes (p = < 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.003 and p = < 0.001, respectively), and lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III showed the highest MVD (p = 0.044). Considering epithelial thickness, a higher MVP index was identified in lesions with hyperplastic epithelium (p = 0.018). In IDCs, RCs, and RRCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between MVA and MVP (r = 0.950 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.914 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.713 and p = < 0.001, respectively). In IDCs, a moderate correlation was observed between MCD and both MVA and MVP (r = 0.660 and p = 0.002; r = 0.634 and p = 0.003, respectively). These results suggest that tryptase-positive mast cells might play an important role in the angiogenic activity of IDCs, while RCs had the highest indexes. Our findings also confirmed that the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial thickness influence angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Costa Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Department of Dentistry, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Department of Dentistry, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Batista NMG, de Moraes ATL, Balbinot KM, de Souza Neto OR, da Silva Brandão JM, da Silva Kataoka MS, de Melo Alves Júnior S, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J. Immunohistochemical analysis of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR expressions in periapical granuloma and radicular cyst. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:102. [PMID: 33676487 PMCID: PMC7937253 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ADAMTS expression can be associated with several inflammatory processes, and has been correlated with tumorigenesis of some neoplasms, but its participation in the development of periapical lesions has not been investigated. Therefore, our objective was to verify the expression of ADAMTS-1, versican and pEGFR in Periapical Granuloma (PG) and in the Radicular Cyst (RC) since they are the most common lesions of the periapex.
Methods 25 samples of RC and 10 of PG were used. As a control, 10 samples of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and 10 of dental follicle (DF) were used. The expression of these proteins was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Results In the epithelium of RC, IFH and DF, the expression of ADAMTS-1 was greater in DF than in RC (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in IFH than in RC, DF than in RC (p < .001). pEGFR showed greater expression in IFH and RC than in DF (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). In connective tissue, ADAMTS-1 expression was greater in PG and RC than in IFH and DF (p < .001). Versicano showed greater expression in PG, RC and IFH compared to DF (p < .001). In pEGFR there was a higher expression in PG when compared to RC, IFH and DF (p < .001). Greater immunostaining occurred in the RC than in the DF (p < .001). Conclusions Our results suggest that the studied proteins may participate in the pathogenesis of PG and RC, through the interaction of these proteins, in the remodeling of the ECM (versican) by ADAMTS-1, producing bioactive fragments, which could activate EGFR, contributing to the formation, growth and maintenance of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Taiane Lopes de Moraes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Melo da Silva Brandão
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli da Silva Kataoka
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Melo Alves Júnior
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
- Federal University of Pará Brazil, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil. .,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Avenue Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil. .,Cell Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, Belém, PA, 66075110, Brazil.
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Azuma MM, Cardoso CDBM, Samuel RO, Pipa CB, Bomfim SRM, Narciso LG, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Alter Systemic Inflammatory Mediators Caused by Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2020; 47:272-277. [PMID: 33245969 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on serum inflammatory mediators of rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, untreated rats (C); control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs (C-O); rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP); and rats with pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFAs (AP-O). ω-3 PUFAs were administered orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure and continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed, and then blood and jaw samples were collected. Blood analysis was conducted to determine the total number of leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic analysis was performed to confirm the development of apical periodontitis. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey posttest. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS The development of apical periodontitis was confirmed in all infected groups. Bone destruction was larger in the AP group compared with the AP-O group (P < .05). Blood analysis showed that the AP and AP-O groups showed higher numbers of lymphocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 compared with the C and C-O groups (P < .05). In contrast, the presence of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and the expression of IL-6 decreased in the AP-O group compared with the AP group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS ω-3 PUFA supplementation influences the systemic effects caused by apical periodontitis, decreasing the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and IL-6 in rat blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carolina de Barros Morais Cardoso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Samuel
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Dentistry, Dental School, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Barbosa Pipa
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim
- Department of Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Narciso
- Department of Clinic and Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bergamini ML, Mardegan AP, DE Rosa CS, Palmieri M, Sarmento DJDS, Hiraki KRN, Costa ALF, HassÉus B, Jonasson P, Braz-Silva PH. Presence of langerhans cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and mast cells in asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e108. [PMID: 32876121 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis is essentially an inflammatory disease of microbial aetiology. Association and function of the cell components involved, or specific inductive factors and growth mediators associated with development, maintenance and resolution of the periapical lesions are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of Regulatory T cells (FoxP3+; Treg), Langerhans cells (CD1a+; LC) and mast cells in asymptomatic apical periodontitis. 73 cases were selected: 30 periapical granulomas, 29 radicular cysts and 14 residual cysts. All groups were submitted to morphological analysis for classification of inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the epithelial lining as well as to immunohistochemical analysis for detection of LC and Treg cells. Toluidine blue staining was used for detecting mast cells. Analysis showed higher mean numbers of LC (8.2 cells/0.2mm2), and Treg cells in radicular cysts (5.910 cells/0.2mm2). As for mast cells, it was found that radicular cysts had a higher mean number of these cells compared to other periapical lesions (12.68 cells/0.2mm2). The association between thickness of the epithelial lining and inflammatory cells showed that the presence of hypertrophic epithelium in radicular cysts presented higher density of LC. The number of LC and Treg cells play an important role in the control of the inflammatory micro-environment in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts, respectively. The presence of mast cells in radicular cysts may be associated with progression of the lesion. Knowledge regarding the inflammatory cell profile is therefore essential for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of asymptomatic periapical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lobo Bergamini
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pinto Mardegan
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karen Renata Nakamura Hiraki
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bengt HassÉus
- Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Jonasson
- Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cilmiaty R, Pribadi N, Rukmo M, Surboyo MDC. The NFκB Expression on Apical Dental Granuloma: An Immunohistochemistry Analysis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:313-318. [PMID: 32848477 PMCID: PMC7425096 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s256284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endodontic treatment on dental caries with dental granuloma on the periapical has the potential to flare. The symptoms of acute flare in dental granuloma are strongly related to the activation of macrophages that produce pro-inflammatory cytokine through nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). However, the role of NFκB in dental granuloma has not been widely explained. Purpose To compare NFκB expression in dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma in the periapical of dental caries. Methods The periapical lesion of dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma was obtained from patients with dental caries who were subjected to tooth extraction. The periapical lesion was confirmed by periapical radiography and then differentiated by histological and immunohistochemistry by analyzing the NFκB expression. Results Most dental granulomas were found in females (66.67%) between the ages 36 and 45 (61.11%). Dental granuloma showed higher NFκB expression compared to dental nongranuloma lesions in tooth caries (p=0.021). Conclusion The dental granuloma tissue of dental caries showed an increase in NFκB expression. Understanding the role of NFκB might provide additional insights into the process of periapical lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risya Cilmiaty
- Department of Oral Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nirawati Pribadi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mandojo Rukmo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Nik Abdul Ghani NR, Abdul Hamid NF, Karobari MI. Tunnel' radicular cyst and its management with root canal treatment and periapical surgery: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1387-1391. [PMID: 32884760 PMCID: PMC7455399 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An untreated root canal infection usually stimulates the development of a radicular cyst. Nonsurgical root canal procedures and periapical surgery followed by placement of bone substitute will promote the healing process of the bony defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Faharina Abdul Hamid
- Centre of Restorative Dentistry StudiesFaculty of DentistryUniversiti Teknologi MaraSungai BulohMalaysia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative UnitSchool of Dental SciencesHealth CampusUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKubang KerianMalaysia
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Eraković M, Duka M, Bekić M, Tomić S, Ismaili B, Vučević D, Čolić M. Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1398-1412. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology Military Medical Academy BelgradeSerbia
| | - M. Duka
- Clinic for Stomatology Military Medical Academy BelgradeSerbia
| | - M. Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
| | - S. Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
| | - B. Ismaili
- Polyclinic, Ismaili Gostivar North Macedonia
| | - D. Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy University of Defense Belgrade Serbia
| | - M. Čolić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy Zemun Serbia
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy University of Defense Belgrade Serbia
- Medical Faculty Foča University of East Sarajevo R.Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina
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25
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Wei L, Xu M, Xiong H. An update of knowledge on the regulatory role of Treg cells in apical periodontitis. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1356-1365. [PMID: 32485020 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a prevalent infectious and inflammatory disorder that involves inflammation of periapical tissues and the disintegration of alveolar bone. AP may eventually lead to tooth loss if not timely treated. This disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria in the necrotic pulps and root canals, thereby triggering responses from the innate and adaptive immune system of the periapical tissues. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in maintaining immune homoeostasis and immunological self-tolerance; however, these only account for roughly 5%-10% of human peripheral CD4+ T cells. Several studies have examined the possible role and underlying mechanism of Treg cells in different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to facilitate the development of novel treatments for these diseases. Recent studies have indicated that Treg cells may gather at the sites of infection, thus limiting the generation of immune responses and bone resorption in the periapical area. This review will summarize studies regarding the presence and regulatory role of Treg cells in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haofei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Caires NCM, Espaladori MC, Tavares WLF, Brito LCND, Vieira LQ, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP. Influence of genetic regulatory effects modified by environmental immune activation on periapical disease. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e109. [PMID: 31800862 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the periradicular responses in endodontic infections among members of two populations: an urban Brazilian population and a non-mixed indigenous population. Samples were collected immediately and 7 days after the cleaning and shaping procedures (after reducing the intracanal microbial load) in an attempt to characterize the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-9, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17, IL-10, and the chemokines CXCR4, CCL2/monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and CCR6. The endogenous cytokine and chemokine expression levels were analyzed using real-time PCR. Only the urban population showed a significant increase in TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCR4, and CCR6 expression following the cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. The IFN-γ levels were increased at the 2nd collection (p < 0.05) in the indigenous population. In turn, a significant increase in IL-10 and IL-17 expression (p < 0.05) was observed after the cleaning and shaping procedures (2nd collection) in both populations. No significant differences in the IL-1β, IL-9, and CCL4 expression levels were observed between the 1st and 2nd collections in both populations. The results demonstrate a cytokine and chemokine expression profile that is specific to each analyzed population. However, immune modulation mediated by IL-10 began on the 7th day after the beginning of the endodontic treatment in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nely Cristina Medeiros Caires
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Carvalho Espaladori
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Balance in Apical Periodontitis of Normoglycemic and Diabetic Rats. J Endod 2019; 45:1009-1015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Braz-Silva PH, Bergamini ML, Mardegan AP, De Rosa CS, Hasseus B, Jonasson P. Inflammatory profile of chronic apical periodontitis: a literature review. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:173-180. [PMID: 30585523 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1521005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis caused by root canal infection is the most frequent pathological lesion in the jaws, mainly manifested as periapical granulomas and cysts. Understanding of the formation and progression of apical periodontitis as well as the identification of inflammatory biomarkers can help increase the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms, improve the diagnosis and provide support for different therapeutic strategies. The objective of the present article is to review inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, neuropeptides, RANK/RANKL/OPG system and other inflammatory markers and to relate these systems to the development and progression of pathological conditions related to apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine of Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lobo Bergamini
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pinto Mardegan
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Catharina Simioni De Rosa
- Division of General Pathology, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bengt Hasseus
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Jonasson
- Department of Endodontology, Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Duffy DM, Ko C, Jo M, Brannstrom M, Curry TE. Ovulation: Parallels With Inflammatory Processes. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:369-416. [PMID: 30496379 PMCID: PMC6405411 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The midcycle surge of LH sets in motion interconnected networks of signaling cascades to bring about rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte during ovulation. Many mediators of these LH-induced signaling cascades are associated with inflammation, leading to the postulate that ovulation is similar to an inflammatory response. First responders to the LH surge are granulosa and theca cells, which produce steroids, prostaglandins, chemokines, and cytokines, which are also mediators of inflammatory processes. These mediators, in turn, activate both nonimmune ovarian cells as well as resident immune cells within the ovary; additional immune cells are also attracted to the ovary. Collectively, these cells regulate proteolytic pathways to reorganize the follicular stroma, disrupt the granulosa cell basal lamina, and facilitate invasion of vascular endothelial cells. LH-induced mediators initiate cumulus expansion and cumulus oocyte complex detachment, whereas the follicular apex undergoes extensive extracellular matrix remodeling and a loss of the surface epithelium. The remainder of the follicle undergoes rapid angiogenesis and functional differentiation of granulosa and theca cells. Ultimately, these functional and structural changes culminate in follicular rupture and oocyte release. Throughout the ovulatory process, the importance of inflammatory responses is highlighted by the commonalities and similarities between many of these events associated with ovulation and inflammation. However, ovulation includes processes that are distinct from inflammation, such as regulation of steroid action, oocyte maturation, and the eventual release of the oocyte. This review focuses on the commonalities between inflammatory responses and the process of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Misung Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mats Brannstrom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Xiong H, Wei L, Peng B. The Presence and involvement of interleukin-17 in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1128-1137. [PMID: 30859589 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periapical tissue inflammation and destruction of the associated alveolar bone. It is caused by microbial infections within the root canal and the resultant host immune responses in the periapical tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 has been shown to play an important role in many inflammatory diseases. There is increasing evidence of the presence of IL-17 in AP, which might be associated with disease pathogenesis. Moreover, several animal studies indicate the potential role of IL-17 in periapical inflammation and the resultant bone resorption in AP. This article reviews recent studies regarding the collective in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence of the presence and involvement of IL-17 in AP. A search related to IL-17 in apical periodontitis was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keywords and controlled vocabulary. Two independent reviewers first screened titles and abstracts and then the full texts that were included. A total of 25 papers were identified, of the 25 included articles, 7 involved laboratory studies on cell cultures, 11 involved animal experimentations, and 7 were observational studies using human clinical samples. In conclusion, evidence for the presence of IL-17 in AP from human and animal models is clear. However, there is relatively little information currently available that would highlight the specific role of IL-17 in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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TOLEDO AOND, COUTO AMD, MADEIRA MFM, CALDEIRA PC, QUEIROZ-JUNIOR CM, AGUIAR MCFD. Cytokines and chemokines associated with Treg/Th17 response in chronic inflammatory periapical disease. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e093. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Sheethal HS, Kn H, Smitha T, Chauhan K. Role of mast cells in inflammatory and reactive pathologies of pulp, periapical area and periodontium. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:92-97. [PMID: 29731563 PMCID: PMC5917550 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_278_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have been discovered over 130 years ago; their function was almost exclusively linked to allergic affections. At the time being, it is well known that MCs possess a great variety of roles, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In the oral tissues, MCs release different pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha that promote leukocyte infiltration in various inflammatory states of the oral cavity. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and, as a consequence, their number changes in different pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, such as gingivitis and periodontitis. By understanding the role of MCs in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, these cells may become therapeutic targets that could possibly improve the prognosis. Therefore, this review summarizes the current understanding of the role of MCs in various inflammatory pulpal, periapical and periodontal pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Sheethal
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hema Kn
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T Smitha
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerti Chauhan
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Galectins-1, -3, and -7 in Periapical Granulomas, Radicular Cysts, and Residual Radicular Cysts. J Endod 2018; 44:728-733. [PMID: 29510866 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins play important roles in immunoinflammatory responses, but their participation in the development of periapical lesions remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of galectins-1, -3, and -7 in periapical lesions, correlating them with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the pattern of the cystic epithelium. METHODS Twenty periapical granulomas (PGs), 20 radicular cysts (RCs), and 20 residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemistry using anti-galectin-1, -3, and -7 antibodies. The percentage of immunopositive cells in epithelial and connective tissues was determined. RESULTS In connective tissue, PGs exhibited higher cytoplasmic/membrane expression of galectins-1 and -7 than RCs and RRCs (P < .05). There was higher nuclear expression of galectin-1 in PGs compared with RCs and RRCs (P < .05). The expression of galectins-1 and -7 in connective tissue was higher in lesions with grade III inflammation (P < .05). No significant differences in galectin-3 immunoexpression were observed for any of the parameters evaluated (P > .05). In the epithelial component, a higher nuclear expression of galectin-7 was detected in RRCs (P < .05), and a higher cytoplasmic/membrane expression of this protein was found in cysts with hyperplastic epithelium (P < .05). Positive correlations were observed between the nuclear and cytoplasmic/membrane expression of galectin-1 in connective tissue (P < .05) as well as between the nuclear and cytoplasmic/membrane expression of galectin-7 in epithelial tissue of cysts (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Galectins-1 and -7 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PGs, RCs, and RRCs. On the other hand, the present results suggest only a minor involvement of galectin-3 in the development of these lesions.
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Naufel AO, Aguiar MCF, Madeira FM, Abreu LG. Treg and Th17 cells in inflammatory periapical disease: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e103. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Silva LABD, Sá MAR, Melo RA, Pereira JDS, Silveira ÉJDD, Miguel MCDC. Analysis of CD57+ natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e106. [PMID: 29267667 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the number of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes between periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs). Twenty-fives cases of PGs and 25 of RCs were submitted to histological analysis and immunohistochemistry using anti-CD57 and anti-CD8 biomarkers. Positive cells were counted in 10 fields (400× magnification) and the median value was calculated for each case. Statistical tests were used to evaluate differences in the number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes according to type of lesion, intensity of the infiltrate and thickness of the lining epithelium. The number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher in PGs than in RCs (p = 0.129 and p = 0.541, respectively). Comparison of the number of CD57+ NK cells in atrophic and hyperplastic epithelium revealed a larger number of cells in the atrophic epithelium (p = 0.042). A larger number of CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in grade III infiltrates compared to grade I/II (p = 0.145 and p = 0.725, respectively). CD8+ T lymphocytes were more prevalent than CD57+ NK cells in most cases when PGs and RCs were analyzed separately or in combination (p < 0.0001). CD57+ NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes play a key role in antiviral defense and the presence of these cells supports evidence suggesting the participation of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of PGs and RCs. The response mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes was more frequent, indicating greater participation of the adaptive immunity in these chronic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Alice Ramalho Sá
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Departament of Dentistry, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Azuma MM, Gomes-Filho JE, Prieto AKC, Samuel RO, de Lima VMF, Sumida DH, Ervolino E, Cintra LTA. Diabetes increases interleukin-17 levels in periapical, hepatic, and renal tissues in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:230-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Endodontic infections increase leukocyte and lymphocyte levels in the blood. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1395-1401. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Álvares PR, Arruda JAAD, Silva LPD, Nascimento GJFD, Silveira MFD, Sobral APV. Immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e51. [PMID: 28678970 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) in periapical lesion samples correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the epithelial lining. Forty-five cases of periapical lesions (23 periapical granulomas and 22 radicular cysts) were subjected to morphological and immunohistochemical analyses using anti-MMP-9 and anti-TGF-β1 antibodies. The data were analyzed using the following tests: non-parametric Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation test (P<0.05). Analysis of inflammatory infiltrate revealed that 78% of periapical granulomas presented infiltrate grade III, in contrast with 32% of radicular cysts (P<0.001). Morphological evaluation of the epithelial thickness in radicular cysts revealed the presence of atrophic epithelium in 86% of the cysts. The immunostaining of MMP-9 was score 2 in 67% of the granulomas and 77% of the cysts. Both lesions were predominantly score 1 for TGF-β1. Significant differences were confirmed between the expression scores of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical granulomas (p = 0.004) and in radicular cysts (p < 0.001). Expression of TGF-β1 was different for periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. This immunoregulatory cytokine seems more representative in asymptomatic lesions. The extracellular matrix remodeling process dependent on MMP-9 seems to be similar for both periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. TGF-β1 and MMP-9 may play an important role in the maintenance of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella Recco Álvares
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Camaragibe, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Leorik Pereira da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fonseca da Silveira
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Camaragibe, PB, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Veras Sobral
- Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Camaragibe, PB, Brazil
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Cassanta LTDC, Rodrigues V, Violatti-Filho JR, Teixeira Neto BA, Tavares VM, Bernal ECBA, Souza DM, Araujo MS, de Lima Pereira SA, Rodrigues DBR. Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 14, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 4, and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Development of Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2017; 43:1122-1129. [PMID: 28527839 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical cysts and granulomas are chronic lesions caused by an inflammatory immune response against microbial challenge in the root canal. Different cell types, cytokines, and molecules have been associated with periapical lesion formation and expansion. Therefore, because of the chronic inflammatory state of these lesions, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in situ expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 and -19, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 and -4, CD68, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in periapical cysts and granulomas. METHODS Sixteen cases of periapical cysts and 15 cases of periapical granulomas were analyzed. Ten normal dental pulps were used as the negative control. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-MMP-19, anti-MMP-14, anti-TIMP-3, anti-TIMP-4, anti-iNOS, and anti-CD68 antibodies. RESULTS The expression of TIMP-3, TIMP-4, iNOS, and CD68 was significantly higher in both the cyst and granuloma groups than in the control group. TIMP-4 was also significantly higher in cases of chronic apical abscess. There was also a significant difference in the expression of MMP-14 between the cyst and control groups. However, there were no differences in the expression of MMP-19 between the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the expression of MMP-14, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 is associated with the development of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Teodoro de Castro Cassanta
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Cefores, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Cefores, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Danila Malheiros Souza
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Cefores, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences and Cefores, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Uberaba University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Martins R, Armada L, Dos Santos TC, Pires FR. Comparative immunoexpression of ICAM-1, TGF-β1 and ki-67 in periapical and residual cysts. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e24-e30. [PMID: 27918735 PMCID: PMC5217493 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study compared the immunohistochemical expression of ki-67, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in inflammatory periapical cysts and residual cysts. Material and Methods The study sample was composed by 25 periapical cysts and 25 residual cysts and immunohistochemical reactions were carried out using antibodies directed against ICAM-1, TGF-β1 and ki-67. Clinical, radiological, gross, histological and immunohistochemical data were tabulated for descriptive and comparative analysis using the SPSS software and differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05%. Results There were no differences between the expression of ICAM-1 (p=0.239) and TGF-β1 (p=0.258) when comparing both groups. Ki-67 labeling index was higher in residual cysts compared to periapical cysts (p=0.017). Conclusions Results from the present study suggest that some specific inflammatory stimuli on residual cysts would modulate their mechanisms of etiopathogenesis, growing and repair. Key words:Periapical cyst, radicular cyst, residual cyst, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martins
- Post Graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Alfredo Baltazar da Silveira, 580 cobertura, CEP 22790-701, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil,
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Multiple Apical Periodontitis Influences Serum Levels of Cytokines and Nitric Oxide. J Endod 2016; 42:747-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sette-Dias AC, Maciel KF, Abdo EN, Brito LC, Carvalho MAR, Vieira LQ, Farias LM, Ribeiro-Sobrinho AP, Magalhães PP. Cytokine Expression in Patients Hospitalized for Severe Odontogenic Infection in Brazil. J Endod 2016; 42:706-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Andrade ALDL, Santos EM, Carmo AF, Freitas RA, Galvão HC. Analysis of tryptase-positive mast cells and immunoexpression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2016; 50:446-454. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. D. L. Andrade
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - E. M. Santos
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - A. F. Carmo
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - R. A. Freitas
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
| | - H. C. Galvão
- Department of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte; Natal Brazil
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Ferreira LGV, Rosin FCP, Corrêa L. Analysis of Interleukin 17A in periapical abscess and granuloma lesions. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100235. [PMID: 27050938 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine responsible for the initiation and propagation of inflammation. One of its actions is the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is association between IL-17A expression and neutrophil infiltration in periapical abscesses and periapical granulomas, as well as to find which type of T lymphocyte effector (CD4+ or CD8+) expresses IL-17A in these lesions. Elastase, CD4, CD8, and IL-17A were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, in the biopsies of periapical lesions. Abscess lesions exhibited the highest labeling area for IL-17A (p = 0.011). During double immunofluorescence staining, there were significantly more CD4+/IL-17A+ cells compared to CD8+/IL-17A+ cells, both in the abscesses (p = 0.025) and granulomas (p = 0.011). In conclusion, IL-17A was intensively expressed in periapical abscesses rich in neutrophils. The high percentage of IL-17A in these cases suggests the participation of this cytokine particularly in the acute stages of the inflammatory process of the periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Corrêa
- Department Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Estrela C, Decurcio DDA, Silva JA, Batista AC, de Souza Lima NC, de Freitas Silva BS, de Souza JAC, Souza Costa CA. Immune-Inflammatory Cell Profile and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Expression in Persistent Apical Periodontitis after Root Canal Retreatment Failure. J Endod 2016; 42:439-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Francisconi CF, Vieira AE, Biguetti CC, Glowacki AJ, Trombone APF, Letra A, Menezes Silva R, Sfeir CS, Little SR, Garlet GP. Characterization of the Protective Role of Regulatory T Cells in Experimental Periapical Lesion Development and Their Chemoattraction Manipulation as a Therapeutic Tool. J Endod 2016; 42:120-6. [PMID: 26589811 PMCID: PMC4690748 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is determined by the balance between host proinflammatory immune response and counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses, which include regulatory T cells (Tregs) as potential immunoregulatory agents. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the involvement of CCL22-CCR4 axis in Treg migration to the periapical area and the role of Tregs in the determination of outcomes in periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced in C57Bl/6 (wild-type) and CCR4KO mice (pulp exposure and bacterial inoculation) and treated with anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene to inhibit Treg function or alternatively with CCL22-releasing, polylactic-glycolic acid particles to induce site-specific migration of Tregs. After treatment, lesions were analyzed for Treg influx and phenotype, overall periapical bone loss, and inflammatory/immunologic and wound healing marker expression (analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction array). RESULTS Treg inhibition by anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene or CCR4 depletion results in a significant increase in periapical lesion severity, associated with upregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with decreased Treg and healing marker expression. The local release of CCL22 in the root canal system resulted in the promotion of Treg migration in a CCR4-dependent manner, leading to the arrest of periapical lesion progression, associated with downregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with increased Treg and healing marker expression. CONCLUSIONS Because the natural and CCL22-induced Treg migration switches active lesion into inactivity phenotype, Treg chemoattractant may be a promising strategy for the clinical management of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Glowacki
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles S Sfeir
- Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Little
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bambirra W, Maciel KF, Thebit MM, de Brito LCN, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Assessment of Apical Expression of Alpha-2 Integrin, Heat Shock Protein, and Proinflammatory and Immunoregulatory Cytokines in Response to Endodontic Infection. J Endod 2015; 41:1085-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hao L, Chen J, Zhu Z, Reddy MS, Mountz JD, Chen W, Li YP. Odanacatib, A Cathepsin K-Specific Inhibitor, Inhibits Inflammation and Bone Loss Caused by Periodontal Diseases. J Periodontol 2015; 86:972-83. [PMID: 25879791 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced inflammatory disease mainly affecting periodontal tissues, leading to periodontal inflammation, bone breakdown, and loss of the tooth. The main obstacle for treating periodontitis effectively is the difficulty in finding a target that can inhibit bone loss and inflammation simultaneously. Recent studies showed that cathepsin K (CTSK) might have functions in the immune system besides its role in osteoclasts. Thus, targeting CTSK would have a potential therapeutic effect in both the bone system and the immune system during the progression of periodontitis. METHODS In the current study, a small molecular inhibitor (odanacatib [ODN]) is explored to inhibit the function of CTSK in a bacteria-induced periodontitis mouse model. RESULTS The application of ODN decreased the number of osteoclasts, macrophages, and T cells, as well as the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the periodontitis lesion area. Furthermore, lack of CTSK inhibited the expression of TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 and their downstream cytokine signaling in the gingival epithelial cells in periodontitis lesions, demonstrating that the innate immune response was inhibited in periodontitis. CONCLUSION The present results show that inhibition of CTSK can prevent bone loss and the immune response during the progression of periodontitis, indicating that CTSK is a promising target for treating inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis by affecting both osteoclasts and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hao
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael S Reddy
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL
| | - John D Mountz
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL
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Velickovic M, Pejnovic N, Petrovic R, Mitrovic S, Jeftic I, Kanjevac T, Lukic A. Expression of interleukin-33 and its receptor ST2 in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:70-6. [PMID: 25677987 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a recently identified cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family and ligand for the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2. IL-33/ST2 signaling plays a critical role in allergy, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammatory disorders, but its role in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions is unknown. We aimed to investigate the expression patterns of IL-33 and ST2 in human periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions (n = 36) and healthy periapical tissues (n = 10) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for human IL-33 and ST2. Lesion samples were further analyzed by double immunofluorescence to assess IL-33/ST2 co-expression. RESULTS The numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive fibroblasts were significantly higher in periapical lesions compared to healthy periapical tissues (both P < 0.05), while the numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive endothelial cells were similar (both P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive fibroblasts and endothelial cells between periapical granulomas and radicular cysts (all P > 0.05). Similarly, numbers of ST2-positive mononuclear cells did not differ between periapical granulomas and radicular cysts (P > 0.05). The majority of epithelial cells in radicular cysts were IL-33 positive, while the small proportion of epithelial cells was ST2 positive. Double immunofluorescence analysis revealed IL-33/ST2 co-expression in fibroblasts and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-33 and ST2 are expressed in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. Increased numbers of IL-33- and ST2-positive fibroblasts in periapical lesions when compared to healthy periapical tissues suggest that IL-33/ST2 signaling may be involved in periapical inflammation and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Petrovic
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ilija Jeftic
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Lukic
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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A small molecule, odanacatib, inhibits inflammation and bone loss caused by endodontic disease. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1235-45. [PMID: 25583522 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01713-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periapical disease, an inflammatory disease mainly caused by dental caries, is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases of humans, affecting both children and adults. The infection travels through the root, leading to inflammation, bone destruction, and severe pain for the patient. Therefore, the development of a new class of anti-periapical disease therapies is necessary and critical for treatment and prevention. A small molecule, odanacatib (ODN), which is a cathepsin K (Ctsk) inhibitor, was investigated to determine its ability to treat this disease in a mouse model of periapical disease. While Ctsk was originally found in osteoclasts as an osteoclast-specific lysosomal protease, we were surprised to find that ODN can suppress the bacterium-induced immune response as well as bone destruction in the lesion area. X rays and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) showed that ODN treatment had significant bone protection effects at different time points. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining show that ODN treatment dramatically decreased F4/80+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells in the lesion areas 42 days after infection. Consistent with these findings, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis showed low levels of proinflammatory mRNAs (for tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 23α) and corresponding cytokine expression in the ODN-treated disease group. The levels of mRNA for Toll-like receptors 4, 5, and 9 also largely decreased in the ODN-treated disease group. Our results demonstrated that ODN can inhibit endodontic disease development, bone erosion, and immune response. These results indicate that application of this small molecule offers a new opportunity to design effective therapies that could prevent periapical inflammation and revolutionize current treatment options.
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