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Shaik I, Dasari B, Alapati S, Dhavala PC, Tiwari R, Tiwari HD. Effect of Sterilization and Irrigating Solutions on Nanostructure Alteration of Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S613-S618. [PMID: 38595475 PMCID: PMC11000945 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_891_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I-Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II-ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III-Mtwo (VDW), and group IV-iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A-control (new rotary file), subgroup B-subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D-immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaz Shaik
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Padma C. Dhavala
- Drs. Sudha and Nageswar Rao Sidhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- PhD Scholar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Heena Dixit Tiwari
- MPH, Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakram Consultant, District Medical and Health Office, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Hiran-Us S, Morakul S. Effect of Temperatures on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of 3 Different Ni-Ti Alloy Files. Int Dent J 2023; 73:904-909. [PMID: 37423864 PMCID: PMC10658440 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of temperature on the cyclic fatigue resistance of conventional (ProTaper Universal [PTU]), Gold-Wire (ProTaper Gold [PTG]), and Fire-Wire (EdgeTaper Platinum [ETP]) nickel-titanium alloy files. METHOD Twenty files from each system were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance in an artificial canal model. The experiments were performed at room temperature and body temperature in controlled temperature water. Magnified videos were recorded using a dental operating microscope integrated camera during testing to detect file fracture. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The type of failure was investigated macroscopically and microscopically with a dental operating microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. RESULT The NCF at room temperature was significantly higher compared with body temperature in each system (P < .001). Compared at the same temperature, the ETP group demonstrated the highest NCF, followed by the PTG and PTU groups (P < .001). All files demonstrated cyclic fatigue failure macroscopically and microscopically. CONCLUSIONS The 3 alloy files were affected by temperature. The cyclic fatigue resistance was reduced at the higher temperature and increased at the lower temperature. If the files are geometrically identical, files made of Fire-Wire are preferred compared with Gold-Wire and conventional nickel-titanium alloys based on cyclic fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawut Hiran-Us
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sarita Morakul
- Composite Structures Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Dos Reis-Prado AH, Abreu LG, de Arantes LC, Dos Santos de Paula K, de Castro Oliveira S, Goto J, Viana ACD, Benetti F. Influence of sodium hypochlorite on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instruments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6291-6319. [PMID: 37704917 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review/meta-analysis investigated the influence of NaOCl on cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic NiTi instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search until July 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and grey literature was conducted. According to the PECOS strategy, only in vitro studies evaluating the effects of NaOCl on the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments were eligible. Cyclic fatigue resistance was the primary outcome. A modified Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist was used for risk of bias assessment. RESULTS Of the 2,445 records screened, 37 studies were included. Most studies used simulated canals made of stainless-steel block with severe to moderate curvatures. NaOCl concentration varied from 1-6%, mainly at 37 °C. Regarding fatigue resistance, 23 studies using 1.2% to 6% NaOCl showed a reduction in the resistance compared to the control groups, especially when pre-heated. Four meta-analyses were performed according to the tested NiTi systems. The meta-analyses indicated that the PTU F2 files had higher reduction of fatigue resistance after exposure to 5.25% NaOCl; no differences between NaOCl and no immersion were observed for Reciproc R25, WaveOne 25.08, and WaveOne Gold Primary files. Included studies had low risk of bias. CONCLUSION NaOCl appears to reduce cyclic fatigue resistance of certain NiTi files, especially when they are pre-heated, particularly in conventional NiTi files compared to some heat-treated instruments. It is possible that the temperature of the solution may have a greater influence on resistance than NaOCl itself. Important to note that an overall tendency toward no significant influence was observed among various systems. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Precautions are necessary when a pre-heated high-concentration NaOCl is used to enhance its properties during root canal preparation, mainly using conventional wire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Cancella de Arantes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kiani Dos Santos de Paula
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Goto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Diniz Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Tyagi G, Kumar P, Kumari A, Shakarwal P, Singh A, Kusum P. Comparing the EdgeFile X3, GenEndo, HeroGold, and ProTaper Gold Rotary Instruments Regarding the Effect of Different Concentrations and Temperature of NaOCl on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:715-721. [PMID: 38152947 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM This research was carried out with the objective of comparison between GenEndo, Protaper Gold, Hero Gold and EdgeFile X3 regarding the effect of different concentrations of NaOCl. MATERIALS AND METHODS About 720 study specimens were included in the study. They were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of 180 files. Group A: GenEndo, Group B: Protaper Gold, Group C: Hero Gold, Group D: EdgeFile X3. Each group of instruments were further subdivided into nine subgroups (n = 20 for each subgroup). Testing of the cyclic fatigue was carried out in artificial canals which were prepared inside the blocks of stainless steel. The stainless steel blocks with artificial canals were established in a receiver that was packed with experimental solutions like distilled water, 5.25% NaOCl and 2.5% NaOCl. The adjustment of temperature was done at 25, 37, and 60°C. The rotation of the instrument was carried out inside the artificial canal as per the instructions of the manufacturer. The instrument was rotated until it got fractured. The time taken by the instrument to fracture was recorded in seconds. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was analyzed with the help of the equation (NCF = time to fracture × rpm/60). Surfaces at the site of fracture were examined with the help of a scanning electron microscope (EVOLS10, ZEISS) at magnification (300x and 2000x). RESULTS It was noticed that there was a statistically significant increase in cyclic fatigue when sodium chloride was used as an endodontic irrigant instead of distilled water. The increase in cyclic fatigue was also observed when 5.25% sodium chloride was used instead of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Cyclic fatigue increased on change in temperature from 25 to 37°C and from 37 to 60°C. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was observed that resistance against cyclic fatigue on treatment with different irrigation solutions at different temperatures was in the order of GenEndo > Protaper Gold > Hero Gold > EdgeFile X3. CONCLUSION The resistance against cyclic fatigue in new NiTi rotary files can be affected significantly by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite irrigant solution and the GenEndo rotary endodontic instrument has the maximum resistance against cyclic fatigue. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Irrigation of the root canal with irrigants, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been recommended strongly. NaOCl is used in the range of 0.5 and 6.5% concentration owing to its antimicrobial activity and tissue dissolution activities, particularly at higher temperatures. It has been postulated that fatigue of rotary endodontic instruments can be influenced by adjoining medium and their concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tyagi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, Phone: +91 6205229036, e-mail:
| | - Annu Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Parul Shakarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Post Graduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Kusum
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences & and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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Tanomaru AA, Limoeiro AG, de Jesus Soares A, Junior ELM, Campos GR, Hamasaki SK, Nascimento WM, Horta LM, Goulart PADSR, do Couto VR, Alves PB, Magalhães V, Campos DDL, Frozoni M. Influence of Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of XP Endo Shaper Instruments. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:580-584. [PMID: 34937108 PMCID: PMC9507592 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of the XP-Endo Shaper (XPS), associated with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in two different formulations: gel (G) or liquid (L). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty XPS were used in an artificial stainless-steel canal, and the files were fully immersed in the irrigating solution throughout the experiment until the fracture. The files were divided into six groups (n = 10) based on the irrigation solution used: NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), CHX(L), CHX(G), natrosol gel (NAT) (control), and lubricating oil (LO) (control). The artificial canal was manufactured 1.5 mm wide, 20 mm long, and, 3.5 mm deep with a straight cervical segment measuring 14.29 mm; an apical segment of 4.71 mm with 3 mm radius; and 90 degrees of curvature apical 1 mm long straight segment. Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording the number of cycles to fracture (NCF). RESULTS The CHX(G), CHX(L), and OIL (LO) groups showed no significant difference between them and presented longer time to fracture (p > 0.05). NaOCl(L) shows the lowest NCF without significant differences between NaOCl(G) and NAT. The NCF of the NaOCl(G) was statistically similar to the CHX(L) and statistically lower than the CHX(G) and OIL groups. NAT did not present a statistical difference of the NaOCl(L), NaOCl(G), and presented a significantly lower NCF than the CHX(G) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The use of CHX(G) resulted in increased cyclic fatigue resistance of the XPS instruments compared to NaOCl or LO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana de Jesus Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas- UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Rocha Campos
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Kaoru Hamasaki
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wayne Martins Nascimento
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Meton Horta
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Rangel do Couto
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bastos Alves
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verônica Magalhães
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo De Luca Campos
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Frozoni
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Endodontic Rotary Files, What Should an Endodontist Know? Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060719. [PMID: 35743982 PMCID: PMC9230915 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians should be aware of all the characteristics and capacities of the instruments that are possible to use when conducting a root canal treatment. The wide variety of nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary systems on the market and the lack of standardisation of this type of instrument makes the choice in each specific case difficult. Therefore, this review is intended to summarize the characteristics that should be taken into account when choosing one instrument over another. It will be essential to know characteristics, of alloy from which the instrument is made. Moreover, the geometry of the instrument will determine its behaviour, being the mass, the one that marks its resistance to a greater extent. The movement performed by the file is another of the fundamental keys to understand rotary instruments. In conclusion, when performing root canal treatment, the characteristics of the instrument and the tooth must be taken into account, and the operator’s own limitations should be known. This paper provides the key points to keep in mind when making this type of treatment.
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Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Alhamdan M, Alkhzim N, Alfarraj S, Jamleh A. Effect of NaOCl and EDTA irrigating solutions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of EdgeTaper Platinum instruments. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:195. [PMID: 35599316 PMCID: PMC9125847 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the solution on the cyclic fatigue resistance of EdgeTaper Platinum (ETP) instruments with that of ProTaper Gold (PTG) in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigating solutions. METHODS Sixty PTG and 60 ETP instruments with the same size (#25) and taper (8%) were tested under 17% EDTA, 5.25% NaOCl, or distilled water (n = 20 each). Cyclic fatigue was tested using artificial canals that were milled in stainless steel blocks using a laser micromachining technique. The canals had a curvature angle of 60 and a curvature radius of 5 mm. The center of maximum curvature was set at 5 mm from the instrument tip. The block of artificial canals was stabilized inside a container that was filled with one of the tested solutions. The temperature was fixed at 37 °C with a tolerance limit of 1 °C. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated and the fractured surfaces were examined using a scanning electron microscope. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software Version 20 (IBM-SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) at a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS ETP showed higher NCF than PTG in any of the tested solutions (P < 0.05). Within each group, NaOCl drastically decreased the NCF compared to water and EDTA (P < 0.05) and changing the solution from distilled water to EDTA did not affect the fatigue resistance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ETP showed improved cyclic fatigue performance compared to PTG in all tested irrigating solutions. EDTA can be used in combination with NiTi instruments during canal instrumentation without compromising the cyclic fatigue resistance of PTG and ETP instruments. However, NaOCl drastically decreased the NCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alfawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Alqedairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alhamdan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Alkhzim
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alfarraj
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Jamleh
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gouédard C, Pino L, Arbab-Chirani R, Arbab-Chirani S, Chevalier V. Comparison of the cyclic fatigue resistance of One Curve, F6 Skytaper, Protaper Next, and Hyflex CM endodontic files. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e16. [PMID: 35692224 PMCID: PMC9160766 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of One Curve (C wire) and F6 Skytaper (conventional austenite nickel-titanium [NiTi]), and 2 instruments with thermo-mechanically treated NiTi: Protaper Next X2 (M wire) and Hyflex CM (CM wire). Materials and Methods Ten new instruments of each group (size: 0.25 mm, 6% taper in the 3 mm tip region) were tested using a rotary bending machine with a 60° curvature angle and a 5 mm curvature radius, at room temperature. The number of cycles until fracture was recorded. The length of the fractured instruments was measured. The fracture surface of each fragment was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results At 60°, One Curve, F6 Skytaper and Hyflex CM had significantly longer fatigue lives than Protaper Next X2 (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the cyclic fatigue lives of One Curve, F6 Skytaper, and Hyflex CM (p > 0.05). SEM images of the fracture surfaces of the different instruments showed typical features of fatigue failure. Conclusions Within the conditions of this study, at 60° and with a 5 mm curvature radius, the cyclic fatigue life of One Curve was not significantly different from those of F6 Skytaper and Hyflex CM. The cyclic fatigue lives of these 3 instruments were statistically significantly longer than that of Protaper Next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gouédard
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School-Hospital of Brest, France
- University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Pino
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Reza Arbab-Chirani
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Dental School-Hospital of Brest, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing, Brest, France
| | | | - Valérie Chevalier
- University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Brest, France
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9
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Sharma S, Savitha S, Kumar V, Chawla A, Vanamail P, Logani A. Effect of body temperature on the cyclic fatigue resistance of the nickel”titanium endodontic instruments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:338-346. [PMID: 36187856 PMCID: PMC9520645 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_55_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effect of body temperature (I) on the cyclic fatigue resistance (O) of nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments (P) to that of room temperature (C). Methods: The study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020204286). A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey was conducted in English until December 31, 2021. In vitro studies comparing the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments at the body (35°C ± 2°C) and room temperature (20°C–25°C) were included. Eligible studies were evaluated for risk of bias and meta-analyzed to estimate the effects. Results: Twenty-one studies out of 347 met the criteria for inclusion. The meta-analysis included six studies (n = 215) with comparative study parameters. The overall effect sizes (5.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.04–6.93) were significantly different (P < 0.001), indicating that the mean values at room temperature were significantly (P < 0.001) higher. The effect sizes for full rotary motion (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 4.80; 95% CI: 3.04–6.56) and reciprocating motion (SMD: 6.37; 95% CI: 3.63–9.11) were not significantly different (P = 0.346). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 94%). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the SMD values were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the overall effect size, indicating that none of the studies had an effect on the overall effect size. Conclusions: Within the limitation of the study, the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated NiTi endodontic files is significantly reduced at body temperature when compared to room temperature. Cyclic fatigue testing should be conducted at simulated body temperature.
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10
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Jamleh A, Almedlej R, Alomar R, Almayouf N, Alfadley A, Alfouzan K. Evidence for reduced torsional resistance of rotary files under curved position. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:614-619. [PMID: 34803309 PMCID: PMC8589599 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the torsional fatigue resistance of different rotary files in straight and curved positions at a simulated intracanal temperature. Methods Forty-eight size #25 files from ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) were tested for torsional resistance in both straight and curved (90 degrees) positions (n = 8 each). The experiment was conducted at a simulated intracanal temperature of 35 ± 1 °C. The torque gauge was reset before every use, and uniform torsional stress was applied by rotating the file clockwise at a speed of 40 rpm until fracture. Torque failure values were recorded, and fractured surfaces were tested using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis of the data was completed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test (LSD) in order to compare between the tested systems in each file position. Student’s t-test was also performed to compare between the two positions in each rotary system, and significance level was set at 5%. Results In the straight position, torsional resistance of PTN was significantly lower than that of PTU and PTG (p < 0.001), while the PTU and PTG had comparable results (p > 0.05). In the curved position, torsional resistance was found to be comparable among all systems (p > 0.05). Within each system, the curved position resulted in a significantly lower torsional resistance when compared to the straight position (p < 0.001). SEM examination revealed similar torsional failure behavior for all files tested under both positions. Conclusions Our study identified that placing files in a curved position was associated with a significant decrease in torsional resistance of all systems, and this necessitates reconsidering the torque settings proposed by the manufacturers. Whether these effects can be translated into in vivo studies remains to be investigated, and thus future studies are essential to provide confirming evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jamleh
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Almedlej
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Alomar
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Almayouf
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alfadley
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alfouzan
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Arslan H, Doğanay Yıldız E, Taş G, Karataş E, Tepecik E. Effects of continuous irrigation at room temperature or +4ºC on the cyclic fatigue resistance of K3XF instruments. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 14:153-157. [PMID: 33408819 PMCID: PMC7770397 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2020.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature or +4°C on the cyclic fatigue resistance of K3XF files.
Methods. Forty-eight new K3XF files (#30, .04 taper) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (no irrigation), continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature, and continuous irrigation with saline solution at +4°C. The instruments were tested in an artificial, stainless steel root canal with a double curvature at body temperature (37±1°C). Time to fracture was converted to the number of cycles to fracture (NCF). The lengths of the fractured fragments were recorded. Kruskal–Wallis H test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data.
Results. K3XF files’ cyclic fatigue resistance was significantly higher in the continuous irrigation groups than in the control group. Continuous irrigation with saline solution at +4°C resulted in higher cyclic fatigue resistance than continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the fractured fragments’ length.
Conclusion. Within this study’s limitations, continuous irrigation with saline solution increased the NCF of NiTi instruments; decreasing the saline solution’s temperature increased this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Doğanay Yıldız
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gizem Taş
- Çorlu Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Karataş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ebru Tepecik
- Private Practice, Dental Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
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12
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Gayatri K, Tammineedi S, Bolla N, Vemuri S, Basam R, Sunil C. Effect of autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary instruments: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:440-444. [PMID: 35399769 PMCID: PMC8989168 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_182_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) in respect to three different rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. Methods: Three rotary NiTi files with different manufacturing process were selected and arranged into three groups. Group 1: Neolix Neoniti files (n = 15), Group 2: Edge Files (n = 15), Group 3: NeoendoFlex files (n = 15). Each group was then subdivided into three subgroups containing 5 samples each based on the number of cycles of autoclaving (0, 1, 5 cycles). The instruments were subjected to autoclave without usage. The files of size 25, taper 6%, and 25 mm length were taken. After the autoclaving cycles, the files were rotated in cyclic fatigue testing device with simulated canal curvature of 60° until file separation. Time taken for the instrument separation (in minutes) was multiplied by the number of rotations per minute to attain the mean number of cycles to failure for every file. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA and Newman–Keuls multiple post hoc procedures. Results: Neolix Neoniti files exhibited the maximum CFR (98.80) than EdgeFiles (80.47) and Neoendo Flex files (41.80) (P = 0.0001). Reduction in CFR was observed with increase in the number of cycles of autoclaving (i.e., 0, 1, 5 cycles). Conclusion: Autoclaving has a negative influence on the CFR of the rotary NiTi files used. Neolix Neoniti files exhibited greater CFR than EdgeFiles and Neoendo Flex files.
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13
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Effects of Simultaneous Liquid or Gel Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation on the Cyclic Fatigue of Two Single-File Nickel-Titanium Instruments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of simultaneous liquid or gel sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation on cyclic fatigue of F6 SkyTaper (F6ST) and OneCurve (OC) single files, 180 new 25/0.06 F6ST and OC files were divided into 6 groups (n = 15) for each brand. Groups 1 and 4 included new instruments not exposed to NaOCl at 20 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Groups 2 and 5 included files activated with liquid NaOCl at 20 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Groups 3 and 6 consisted of instruments tested with NaOCl gel at 20 °C and 37 °C, respectively. Instruments were subjected to a fatigue test using a novel customized device. Data were expressed as time to fracture (TtF) and statistically analyzed (p < 0.05) after checking their normality through the Shapiro–Wilk test. Because they were normally distributed, 2-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey multiple comparison post-hoc test were used. Time to fracture of all tested instruments decreased at 37 °C (p < 0.05). At 20 °C, NaOCl improved TtF of F6ST and OC (p < 0.05). NaOCl liquid increased TtF of F6ST (p < 0.05) in comparison with gel, while there was no difference between the two formulations for OC. At 37 °C, both NaOCl formulations had no significant influence on TtF for F6ST, while they increased TtF of OC (p < 0.05). NaOCl improved the cyclic fatigue resistance of OC, independently of the temperature, while for F6ST the negative impact of higher temperature reduced the irrigant benefits.
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14
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MAKI K, EBIHARA A, KIMURA S, NISHIJO M, TOKITA D, MIYARA K, OKIJI T. Enhanced root canal-centering ability and reduced screw-in force generation of reciprocating nickel-titanium instruments with a post-machining thermal treatment. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:251-255. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro MAKI
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Arata EBIHARA
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shunsuke KIMURA
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Miki NISHIJO
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Daisuke TOKITA
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kana MIYARA
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takashi OKIJI
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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15
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Pedullà E, La Rosa GRM, Virgillito C, Rapisarda E, Kim HC, Generali L. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments according to the Angle of File Access and Radius of Root Canal. J Endod 2020; 46:431-436. [PMID: 31911005 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the influences from different access angles and curvature radii on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary files. METHODS Two file systems (2Shape [TS; MicroMega, Besançon, France] and HyFlex CM [HCM; Coltène/Whaledent, Allstätten, Switzerland]) were used. A total of 192 instruments of TS #25/.04 (TS1), TS #25/.06 (TS2), HCM #25/.04, and HCM #25/.06 were evaluated at 3 insertion angles (0°, 10°, and 20°) and 2 radii (5 mm and 3 mm) in 16-mm stainless steel artificial canals with a 60° curvature. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the number of cycles to failure (NCF) using a customized testing device. Data were analyzed statistically with the significance level established at 95%. RESULTS In the 3-mm radius canal, the instruments showed lower cyclic fatigue resistance than in the 5-mm radius canal (P < .05). HCM #25/.06 and all .04 taper instruments had a significant NCF reduction at 20° and 10° in the 3-mm radius canal (P < .05), whereas TS2 showed no significant differences. In the 5-mm radius of curvature, although .06 taper instruments had no significant NCF reduction for each angle tested, .04 taper files exhibited significant NCF reduction when tested at 20° (P < .05). Comparing the same size instruments, HCM had higher NCF than TS (P < .05). Instruments with a .04 taper exhibited higher NCF than the .06 ones with the same heat treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS An inclined insertion into the canals decreased cyclic fatigue resistance of thermal-treated instruments with a .04 taper at all radii of curvature tested. The synergistic effect of a small radius of curvature and access angulation of heat-treated instruments decreases their fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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16
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Flexural Fatigue of Unicone, Navigator Evo and Protaper Next Files in Reciprocate and Continuous Rotary Systems in Simulated Curved Canals—An In Vitro Study. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the cyclic fatigue resistance of three brands of nickel-titanium rotary files—Unicone (size 25 0.06; Medin), Navigator Evo (W-4; size 25 0.06; Medin) and Protaper Next (X2; size 25 0.06 Dentsply Tulsa Dental)—in reciprocating and continuous motion, during artificial canal instrumentation. Seventy-two samples—Unicone (n = 24), Navigator Evo (n = 24), and Protaper Next (n = 24)—each measuring 25 mm in length, were allocated to reciprocating (n = 36) and continuous motion (n = 36) experimental subgroups, and rotated in a simulated steel curved canal until fracture occurred. Fracture times and fragment lengths of samples in the experimental subgroups were recorded. One of the Unicone, Navigator Evo and Protaper Next fractured samples was randomly selected and analyzed for topographic characteristics by using scanning electron microscopy. Times to fracture and fragment lengths of samples were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests. Independent sample t test was used to compare mean values between the different groups. Protaper Next samples displayed significantly higher resistance to cyclic fatigue in reciprocating motion than Unicone and Navigator Evo samples (p < 0.001). Unicone samples exhibited the least fracture-resistant in continuous and reciprocating motion.
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17
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Ertuğrul İF. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the cyclic fatigue resistance: A scanning electron microscopy evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2089-2094. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İhsan F. Ertuğrul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of EndodonticsPamukkale University Denizli Turkey
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18
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Algahtani F, Huang X, Haapasalo M, Wang Z, Hieawy A, Zhang D, Aleksejuniene J, Shen Y. Fatigue resistance of ProTaper gold exposed to high-concentration sodium hypochlorite in double curvature artificial canal. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:245-248. [PMID: 31528756 PMCID: PMC6739284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the fatigue resistance of ProTaper Gold (PTG) and ProTaper Universal (PTU) in artificial single and double curvature canals in 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at body temperature (37 °C). PTG and PTU files (size F1) were subjected to fatigue tests in two different artificial ceramic canals. The single curvature model had a 60° curvature angle with a 5 mm radius. The double curvature model had a 60° curvature angle with a 5 mm radius and a second 30° curvature with a 2 mm radius. A file segment was introduced into the artificial canal and immersed in water or 5% NaOCl at 37 °C. The total number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was recorded. Data were analyzed using t-test and linear regression analysis. The NCF of all files was significantly influenced by the type of NiTi metal alloy (P < .01), canal curvatures (P < .01), and the environmental conditions (P < .05). PTG had higher fatigue resistance than PTU files in both single and double curvature canals (P < .05). The NCF of PTU files in 5% NaOCl was shorter than that in water (P < .05). The mean length of broken PTG was significantly shorter than those of PTU files in both single and double curvature canals (P < .01). The fatigue performance of PTG is better than that of PTU in both single and double curvature. Environmental conditions may affect the fatigue behavior of PTU files with single curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahda Algahtani
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangya Huang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hieawy
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jolanta Aleksejuniene
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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19
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Topçuoğlu HS, Topçuoğlu G, Kafdağ Ö, Balkaya H. Effect of two different temperatures on resistance to cyclic fatigue of one Curve, EdgeFile, HyFlex
CM
and ProTaper next files. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:68-72. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gamze Topçuoğlu
- Dentalpark oral health center Private practice in pedodontics Kayseri Turkey
| | - Özgür Kafdağ
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Hacer Balkaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
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20
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Silva EJNL, Giraldes JFN, de Lima CO, Vieira VTL, Elias CN, Antunes HS. Influence of heat treatment on torsional resistance and surface roughness of nickel‐titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1645-1651. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. N. L. Silva
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO)Rio de Janeiro RJBrazil
| | - J. F. N. Giraldes
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO)Rio de Janeiro RJBrazil
| | - C. O. de Lima
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)Rio de Janeiro RJBrazil
| | - V. T. L. Vieira
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO)Rio de Janeiro RJBrazil
| | - C. N. Elias
- Materials Science Department Instituto Militar de Engenharia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - H. S. Antunes
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO)Rio de Janeiro RJBrazil
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21
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Comparison of Screw-In Forces during Movement of Endodontic Files with Different Geometries, Alloys, and Kinetics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091506. [PMID: 31072071 PMCID: PMC6539053 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the maximum screw-in forces of various instruments during their movements. Forty simulated canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): ProTaper Universal F2, ProTaper Gold F2, WaveOne Primary, and WaveOne Gold Primary. To standardize a lumen size, all artificial canals were prepared with ProTaper Universal F1. The rotation speed was set at 350 rpm with an automated 4 mm pecking motion at a speed of 1 mm/s. The pecking depth was increased by 1 mm for each pecking motion until the file reached the working length. During instrumentation, screw-in forces were automatically recorded by customized software. Maximum screw-in forces were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc comparison with the significance level at 0.05. WaveOne Gold files generated the lowest maximum screw-in forces, followed by ProTaper Gold, WaveOne, and ProTaper Universal (p < 0.05). Under the condition of this study, heat-treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) files with smaller cross-sectional area, fewer contact points, and reciprocating movements resulted in a lower screw-in effect.
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22
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Surface nanoscale profile of WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue, before and after root canal preparation. Odontology 2019; 107:500-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Üreyen Kaya B, Erik CE, Kiraz G. Atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry analysis of reciprocating and continuous rotary nickel-titanium instruments following root canal retreatment. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1157-1164. [PMID: 30916441 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the effect of retreatment process on the surface roughness and nickel titanium (NiTi) composition of ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR; consists of 3 files; D1, D2, D3) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) (primary) instruments. Twenty extracted mandibular molar teeth with severe curved (30-40°) mesial roots were selected and divided into two groups (n = 10) based on the instrument used for the removal of the root canal filling. Before and after using the instruments in two canals, they were subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry (EDX) analysis. The EDX analysis data and roughness average (Ra) and root mean square (RMS) values were analyzed statistically using a one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test at the 5% significant level. There was no significant difference between the new and used D1 and D2 PTUR and WOG instruments in terms of the Ni composition (p > .05). The Ti contents of the used D2 and D3 PTUR instruments were lower those of the new instruments (p < .05). In both new and used instruments, PTUR and WOG have no difference in terms of Ra and RMS values. (p > .05). The Ra and RMS values of the PTUR and WOG systems significantly increased after removal of the root canal filling (p < .05). The use of PTUR and WOG instruments for removal of root canal filling in severely curved root canals affected the surface topography of the files. The NiTi composition of the WOG instruments was unaffected by the retreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulem Üreyen Kaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Cevat Emre Erik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Kiraz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri University, Kütahya, Turkey
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24
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Stringheta CP, Bueno CES, Kato AS, Freire LG, Iglecias EF, Santos M, Pelegrine RA. Micro‐computed tomographic evaluation of the shaping ability of four instrumentation systems in curved root canals. Int Endod J 2019; 52:908-916. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. P. Stringheta
- Department of Endodontics São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center CampinasSP Brazil
| | - C. E. S. Bueno
- Department of Endodontics São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center CampinasSP Brazil
| | - A. S. Kato
- Department of Endodontics São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center CampinasSP Brazil
| | - L. G. Freire
- Division of Endodontics Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - E. F. Iglecias
- Division of Endodontics Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - M. Santos
- Division of Endodontics Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - R. A. Pelegrine
- Department of Endodontics São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center CampinasSP Brazil
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25
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Bhatt A, Rajkumar B. A comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance for different endodontic NiTi rotary files: An in-vitro study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9:119-121. [PMID: 30671337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This in-vitro study evaluated and compared the flexural fatigue resistance for Hero Shapers, Hyflex CM, One Shape, Profile Vortex and Protaper Next rotary NiTi files. Method and materials Total 25 rotary NiTi files allocated to each experimental group were tested in a simulated constructed apparatus with an angle of curvature 60° & radius of curvature 5 mm. Each experimental file was coated with EDTA gel and was placed in endodomotor handpiece with rubber stopper at support steel cylinder and its end between two shaping steel cylinders on the simulated apparatus. File was then rotated at 400 rpm, 2.5 N/cm torque and simultaneously digital stop watch was started. Time taken (in seconds) until the file got fractured was recorded. Results Time taken to fracture ranged from 7 to 58 s in different groups. Analysis of variance show a statistically significant intergroup difference (p < 0.001). Tukey HSD test showed the significant differences. The Weibull modulus values ranged from 7.31 to 24.19. Conclusion Cyclic flexural fatigue resistance was observed highest for Grp IV (Hyflex CM) and lowest for Grp I (Hero Shapers). Clinical significance Hyflex CM rotary NiTi files can be used in curved root canals as they had superior resistance and long survival time which will be helpful in eliminating one of the reasons for file fracture (due to cyclic flexural fatigue) during the root canal treatment clinically where root canal possesses a sharp bend or curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhatt
- M.D.S., Ph.D (Dental Sciences), Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, BBD University, Lucknow, U.P, 226028, India
| | - Balakrishnan Rajkumar
- Principal & Head of Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, BBD University, Lucknow, U.P, 226028, India
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26
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Influence of Different Angles of File Access on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue Instruments. J Endod 2018; 44:1849-1855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Gavini G, Santos MD, Caldeira CL, Machado MEDL, Freire LG, Iglecias EF, Peters OA, Candeiro GTDM. Nickel-titanium instruments in endodontics: a concise review of the state of the art. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e67. [PMID: 30365608 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of automated instrumentation in endodontics represented a major advance in progress for this specialty, with improvements in the quality and predictability of root canal preparation and a significant reduction in procedural errors. In recent years, endodontic instruments have undergone a series of changes brought about by modifications in design, surface treatments, and thermal treatments. In addition, new movements have also been incorporated to offer greater safety and efficiency, optimizing the properties of the NiTi alloy, especially through eccentric rotary motion. An understanding of the mechanical properties of these new NiTi instruments and their effect on the clinical performance of root canal preparation is essential if dental practitioners are to select the instruments that provide optimal clinical outcomes, especially in curved or flattened canals. The objective of this literature review is to present and discuss the characteristics of the NiTi alloys used in the major instrumentation systems available in the market, as well as the influence of the metallurgical and mechanical properties of NiTi instruments and the movements that drive them, to enable more accurate and predictable planning of root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gavini
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Luis Caldeira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laila Gonzales Freire
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Faga Iglecias
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ove Andrea Peters
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Alfawaz H, Alqedairi A, Alsharekh H, Almuzaini E, Alzahrani S, Jamleh A. Effects of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration and Temperature on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Heat-treated Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments. J Endod 2018; 44:1563-1566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Lubrication is involved in all root canal treatment phases, from dental dam placement to canal obturation. Most often associated with instrumentation, lubrication is required to facilitate the mechanical action of hand/rotary files and to help emulsify and suspend the debris produced. Aqueous irrigation solutions such as sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) should be regarded as lubricants, but paste-type substances are marketed specifically for this purpose. As more patients demand the retention of challenging teeth with narrow and curved root canals, the importance of lubrication in all aspects of root canal treatment must be acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chandler
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Deepak Chellappa
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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30
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Pedullà E, Lo Savio F, La Rosa GRM, Miccoli G, Bruno E, Rapisarda S, Chang SW, Rapisarda E, La Rosa G, Gambarini G, Testarelli L. Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of M3 Rotary and M3 Pro Gold NiTi files. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e25. [PMID: 29765904 PMCID: PMC5952062 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the mechanical properties and metallurgical characteristics of the M3 Rotary and M3 Pro Gold files (United Dental). Materials and Methods One hundred and sixty new M3 Rotary and M3 Pro Gold files (sizes 20/0.04 and 25/0.04) were used. Torque and angle of rotation at failure (n = 20) were measured according to ISO 3630-1. Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested by measuring the number of cycles to failure in an artificial stainless steel canal (60° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius). The metallurgical characteristics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Results Comparing the same size of the 2 different instruments, cyclic fatigue resistance was significantly higher in the M3 Pro Gold files than in the M3 Rotary files (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the files in the maximum torque load, while a significantly higher angular rotation to fracture was observed for M3 Pro Gold (p < 0.05). In the DSC analysis, the M3 Pro Gold files showed one prominent peak on the heating curve and 2 prominent peaks on the cooling curve. In contrast, the M3 Rotary files showed 1 small peak on the heating curve and 1 small peak on the cooling curve. Conclusions The M3 Pro Gold files showed greater flexibility and angular rotation than the M3 Rotary files, without decrement of their torque resistance. The superior flexibility of M3 Pro Gold files can be attributed to their martensite phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Lo Savio
- Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Elena Bruno
- MATIS IMM-CNR and Department of Physics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Seok Woo Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Guido La Rosa
- Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Endodontics, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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31
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Zupanc J, Vahdat-Pajouh N, Schäfer E. New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys - a review. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1088-1103. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zupanc
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry; Westphalian Wilhelms-University; Münster Germany
| | - N. Vahdat-Pajouh
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry; Westphalian Wilhelms-University; Münster Germany
| | - E. Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry; Münster Germany
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32
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Shen Y, Huang X, Wang Z, Wei X, Haapasalo M. Low Environmental Temperature Influences the Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-titanium Files. J Endod 2018; 44:626-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Huang X, Shen Y, Wei X, Haapasalo M. Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-titanium Instruments Exposed to High-concentration Hypochlorite. J Endod 2017; 43:1847-1851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Acosta ECP, Resende PD, Peixoto IFDC, Pereira ÉSJ, Buono VTL, Bahia MGDA. Influence of Cyclic Flexural Deformation on the Torsional Resistance of Controlled Memory and Conventional Nickel-titanium Instruments. J Endod 2017; 43:613-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Ha JH, Kwak SW, Versluis A, Lee CJ, Park SH, Kim HC. The geometric effect of an off-centered cross-section on nickel-titanium rotary instruments: A finite element analysis study. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:173-178. [PMID: 30895044 PMCID: PMC6395356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Geometric design dictates the mechanical performance of nickel–titanium rotary instruments. Using finite element (FE) analysis, this study evaluated the effects of an off-centered cross-sectional design on the stiffness and stress distribution of nickel–titanium rotary instruments. Materials and methods We constructed three-dimensional FE models, using ProTaper-NEXT type design (PTN) as well as three other virtual instruments with varied cross-sectional aspect ratios but all with the same cross-sectional area. The cross-sectional aspect ratio of the PTN was 0.75, while others were assigned to have ratios of 1.0 (square), 1.5 (rectangle), and 2.215 (centered-rectangle). The PTN center of the cross-section was ‘k’, while others were designed to have 0.9992k, 0.7k, and 0 for the square, rectangle, and centered-rectangle models, respectively. To compare the stiffness of the four FE models, we numerically analyzed their mechanical response under bending and torque. Results Under the bending condition, the square model was found to be the stiffest, followed by the PTN, rectangle, and then the centered-rectangle model. Under the torsion, the square model had the smallest distortion angle, while the rectangular model had the highest distortion angle. Conclusion Under the limitation of this study, the PTN type off-centered cross-sectional design appeared the most optimal configuration among the tested designs for high bending stiffness with cutting efficiency while rotational stiffness remained similar with the other designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Antheunis Versluis
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chan-Joo Lee
- Dongnam Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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36
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Blue Thermomechanical Treatment Optimizes Fatigue Resistance and Flexibility of the Reciproc Files. J Endod 2017; 43:462-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Arias A, de Vasconcelos RA, Hernández A, Peters OA. Torsional Performance of ProTaper Gold Rotary Instruments during Shaping of Small Root Canals after 2 Different Glide Path Preparations. J Endod 2017; 43:447-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Evaluation of the Cyclic Fatigue and Torsional Resistance of Novel Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files with Various Alloy Properties. J Endod 2016; 42:1840-1843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Cai JJ, Tang XN, Ge JY. Effect of irrigation on surface roughness and fatigue resistance of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2016; 50:718-724. [PMID: 27388432 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-J. Cai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - X.-N. Tang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - J.-Y. Ge
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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40
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Chi CW, Li CC, Lin CP, Shin CS. Cyclic fatigue behavior of nickel-titanium dental rotary files in clinical simulated root canals. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:306-312. [PMID: 27375047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Dental rotary instruments can be applied in multiple conditions of canals, but unpredictable fatigue fracture may happen. This study evaluated the fatigue lives of two batches of nickel-titanium (NiTi) dental rotary files operating in clinically simulated root canals. METHODS Single-step cyclic fatigue tests were carried out to assess the performance of two batches of NiTi files (ProTaper and ProFile) in nine combinations of simulated canals (cylinder radii 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm, and insertion angles 20°, 40°, and 60°). Two-step cyclic fatigue tests were carried out in simulated root canals with the same radius by using the following two sets of insertion angles: (20°, 40°), (20°, 60°), (40°, 20°), and (60°, 20°). Fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The single-step cyclic fatigue results showed that cyclic fatigue lives of the files decreased with increasing insertion angles or decreasing cylinder radius. The ProFile #25 .04 file was more fatigue resistant than the ProTaper F2 file. In two-step cyclic fatigue tests, the total fatigue lives were usually more than 100% when the files operated at a lower strain and then at a higher strain. By scanning electron microscopy, a larger area of fatigue striation corresponded to a longer fatigue life. CONCLUSION Cyclic fatigue life can be influenced by the strains and geometries of files. The fatigue life was prolonged when the files operated at a lower strain and then at a higher strain. However, the fatigue life was shortened if the loading sequence was reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry and National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry and National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chow-Shing Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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41
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Iacono F, Pirani C, Generali L, Sassatelli P, Nucci C, Gandolfi M, Prati C. Wear analysis and cyclic fatigue resistance of electro discharge machined NiTi rotary instruments. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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42
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Evidence for Reduced Fatigue Resistance of Contemporary Rotary Instruments Exposed to Body Temperature. J Endod 2016; 42:782-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Zhao D, Shen Y, Peng B, Haapasalo M. Effect of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of thermally treated Nickel-Titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2015; 49:990-5. [PMID: 26372255 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex CM, Twisted Files (TF), K3XF, Race, and K3, and evaluate the effect of autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of these instruments both before and after the files were cycled. METHODOLOGY Five types of NiTi instruments with similar size 30, .06 taper were selected: HyFlex CM, TF, K3XF, Race and K3. Files were tested in a simulated canal with a curvature of 60° and a radius of 3 mm. The number of cycles to failure of each instrument was determined to evaluate cyclic fatigue resistance. Each type of instruments was randomly divided into four experimental groups: group 1 (n = 20), unsterilized instruments; group 2 (n = 20), pre-sterilized instruments subjected to 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization; group 3 (n = 20), instruments tested were sterilized at 25%, 50% and 75% of the mean cycles to failure as determined in group 1, and then cycled to failure; group 4 (n = 20), instruments cycled in the same manner as group 3 but without sterilization. The fracture surfaces of instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS HyFlex CM, TF and K3XF had significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Race and K3 in the unsterilized group 1 (P < 0.05). Autoclave sterilization significantly increased the MCF of HyFlex CM and K3XF (P < 0.05) both before and after the files were cycled. SEM examination revealed a typical pattern of cyclic fatigue fracture in all instruments. CONCLUSIONS HyFlex CM, TF and K3XF instruments composed of new thermal-treated alloy were more resistant to fatigue failure than Race and K3. Autoclaving extended the cyclic fatigue life of HyFlex CM and K3XF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Peng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - M Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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44
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Topçuoğlu HS, Pala K, Aktı A, Düzgün S, Topçuoğlu G. Cyclic fatigue resistance of D-RaCe, ProTaper, and Mtwo nickel–titanium retreatment instruments after immersion in sodium hypochlorite. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1175-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Pirani C, Iacono F, Generali L, Sassatelli P, Nucci C, Lusvarghi L, Gandolfi MG, Prati C. HyFlex EDM: superficial features, metallurgical analysis and fatigue resistance of innovative electro discharge machined NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2015; 49:483-93. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Pirani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - F. Iacono
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine; Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery; Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO); School of Dentistry; Endodontic Section; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - P. Sassatelli
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - C. Nucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - L. Lusvarghi
- Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari (DIEF); University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - M. G. Gandolfi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
| | - C. Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM); Endodontic Clinical Section; University of Bologna; Alma Mater Studiorum; Bologna Italy
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46
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Shen Y, Riyahi AM, Campbell L, Zhou H, Du T, Wang Z, Qian W, Haapasalo M. Effect of a Combination of Torsional and Cyclic Fatigue Preloading on the Fracture Behavior of K3 and K3XF Instruments. J Endod 2015; 41:526-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Tang WR, Smales RJ, Chen HF, Guo XY, Si HY, Gao LM, Zhou WB, Wu YN. Prevention and management of fractured instruments in endodontic treatment. World J Surg Proced 2015; 5:82-98. [DOI: 10.5412/wjsp.v5.i1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracanal instrument fracture is an unpredictable and problematic occurrence that can prevent adequate cleaning and shaping procedures and influence the prognosis of endodontic treatment. The prevalence of instrument fracture is reported to range between 0.28% and 16.2%. This article presents an overview of the prevention and management of instruments fractured during endodontic therapy on the basis of literature retrieved from PubMed and selected journal searches. Instrument fracture occurs because of reduced metal fatigue and/or torsional resistance. The reasons include canal morphology and curvature, manufacturing processes and instrument design, instrument use times and technique, rotational speeds and operator experience. With the development of various equipment and techniques, most of the retained instrument separations can be removed safely. However, in canals without associated periapical disease not every fractured separation should be removed from difficult locations because of the increased risk for root perforation and fracture. In difficult cases, either retain or bypass the fragment in the root canal and ensure regular follow-up reviews. Fractured instruments retained in the presence of periapical disease reduce significantly the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth, indicating a greater need to attempt the removal or bypass of the file separations. Apical surgery might be required in some instances, emphasizing the importance of preventing instrument fracture.
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48
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Differences in torsional performance of single- and multiple-instrument rotary systems for glide path preparation. Odontology 2015; 104:192-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Alfoqom Alazemi M, Bryant ST, Dummer PMH. Deformation of HyFlex CM instruments and their shape recovery following heat sterilization. Int Endod J 2014; 48:593-601. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alfoqom Alazemi
- Endodontology Research Group; School of Dentistry; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
- Bneid Algar Dental Speciality Centre; Ministry of Health; Kuwait City Kuwait
| | - S. T. Bryant
- Endodontology Research Group; School of Dentistry; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
| | - P. M. H. Dummer
- Endodontology Research Group; School of Dentistry; College of Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cardiff University; Cardiff UK
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50
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Impact of Heat Treatments on the Fatigue Resistance of Different Rotary Nickel-titanium Instruments. J Endod 2014; 40:1494-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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