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Shen J, Xue F, Wang G, Li Y, Dong H, Zhang Q. Effective Transport Tunnels Achieved by 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine-Induced Intermolecular C-H...N Interaction and Anion Radicals for Stable ReRAM Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8218-8225. [PMID: 35107274 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The D-A structured small-molecule-based resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) device has been well-researched in the last decade, and the switching mechanism was mainly induced by the intramolecular/intermolecular charge transfer processes from the donors to the acceptors. However, in the previous work, some small molecules with pristine electron acceptors in the backbone could still show the typical memory behaviors, of which the switching mechanism is still ambiguous. In this work, two 1,2,4,5-tetrazine based n-type small-molecular isomers, 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ, with the same electron acceptor, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and pyridine, are chosen to investigate the isomeric effects on molecular packing, switching mechanism, and memory performance. Because of the abundant nitrogen atoms with a localized lone pair of electrons in the sp2 orbital, 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ compounds could self-assemble into a long-range ordered molecular packing through intermolecular C-H...N interactions, affording effective transporting tunnels for charge-carrier transport. As expected, the sandwich-structured ITO/2-DPTZ or 4-DPTZ/Al memory devices both showed binary memory characteristics, with 2-DPTZ based memory devices showing the write once read many times (WORM) memory behavior and 4-DPTZ based memory devices having the negative differential resistance (NDR) memory performance. These distinct ReRAM properties arose from the different morphologies of 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ films that were induced by the different packing styles between the adjacent molecules, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) height images. Most importantly, the switching mechanism was thought to be attributed to the injected electrons that reduced the neutral molecules of 2-DPTZ and 4-DPTZ to their corresponding anion radicals. Thus, this present work helps us better understand the conducting mechanism of small molecules with pristine electron acceptors in the backbone and provides a supplementary guideline for designing multilevel small molecules to match the structure-stacking-property relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Shen
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Huilong Dong
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Qijian Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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Haiduc I. Review. Inverse coordination. Organic nitrogen heterocycles as coordination centers. A survey of molecular topologies and systematization. Part 2. Six-membered rings. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1670349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Haiduc
- Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Tripathy SK, van der Meer M, Sahoo A, Laha P, Dehury N, Plebst S, Sarkar B, Samanta K, Patra S. A dinuclear [{(p-cym)Ru(II)Cl}2(μ-bpytz˙(-))](+) complex bridged by a radical anion: synthesis, spectroelectrochemical, EPR and theoretical investigation (bpytz = 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)1,2,4,5-tetrazine; p-cym = p-cymene). Dalton Trans 2018; 45:12532-8. [PMID: 27435992 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01995a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the chloro-bridged dimeric precursor [{(p-cym)Ru(II)Cl}(μ-Cl)]2 (p-cym = p-cymene) with the bridging ligand 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bpytz) in ethanol results in the formation of the dinuclear complex [{(p-cym)Ru(II)Cl}2(μ-bpytz˙(-))](+), [1](+). The bridging tetrazine ligand is reduced to the anion radical (bpytz˙(-)) which connects the two Ru(II) centres. Compound [1](PF6) has been characterised by an array of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The radical anion character has been confirmed by magnetic moment (corresponding to one electron paramagnetism) measurement, EPR spectroscopic investigation (tetrazine radical anion based EPR spectrum) as well as density functional theory based calculations. Complex [1](+) displays two successive one electron oxidation processes at 0.66 and 1.56 V versus Ag/AgCl which can be attributed to [{(p-cym)Ru(II)C}2(μ-bpytz˙(-))](+)/[{(p-cym)Ru(II)Cl}2(μ-bpytz)](2+) and [{(p-cym)Ru(II)Cl}2(μ-bpytz)](+)/[{(p-cym)Ru(III)Cl}2(μ-bpytz)](2+) processes (couples I and II), respectively. The reduction processes (couple III-couple V), which are irreversible, likely involve the successive reduction of the bridging ligand and the metal centres together with loss of the coordinated chloride ligands. UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical investigation reveals typical tetrazine radical anion containing bands for [1](+) and a strong absorption in the visible region for the oxidized form [1](2+), which can be assigned to a Ru(II) → π* (tetrazine) MLCT transition. The assignment of spectroscopic bands was confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Tripathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar - 751007, India.
| | - Margarethe van der Meer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anupam Sahoo
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar - 751007, India.
| | - Paltan Laha
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar - 751007, India.
| | - Niranjan Dehury
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar - 751007, India.
| | - Sebastian Plebst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kousik Samanta
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar - 751007, India.
| | - Srikanta Patra
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar - 751007, India.
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Structural diversity of copper(I) cyclodiene complexes bridged by 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Lüning A, Neugebauer M, Lingen V, Krest A, Stirnat K, Deacon GB, Drago PR, Ott I, Schur J, Pantenburg I, Meyer G, Klein A. Platinum Diolefin Complexes - Synthesis, Structures, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hui AK, Losovyj Y, Lord RL, Caulton KG. Chemical implications of incompatible ligand versus metal coordination geometry preferences. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:3039-47. [PMID: 24601536 DOI: 10.1021/ic402866e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Binding an electron deficient pincer ligand which strongly dictates planar, mer stereochemistry, to a metal which prefers tetrahedral structure, e.g., d(10) CuCl, is explored for possible intramolecular redox chemistry. Experiment shows that the pincer ligand 2,2'-bis-tetrazinyl pyridine, btzp, forms a complex (btzp)CuCl which is a chloride-bridged polymer in the solid state, hence with 20 valence electrons around copper. DFT calculations show that even the monomer has nonplanar copper with the tetrazinyl nitrogen lone pairs somewhat misdirected away from copper, with long Cu/N bonds, in a singlet ground state; 13.9 kcal/mol less stable is a triplet, whose electronic structure shows one electron from the ground state Cu(I) has been transferred to a pincer π* orbital. Outer sphere electron transfer to (btzp)CuCl yields (btzp)Cu where the added electron has gone into the pincer, to leave a ligand-centered radical, characterized by EPR, chemical reactivity, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice K Hui
- Indiana University , Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Maekawa M, Miyazaki T, Sugimoto K, Okubo T, Kuroda-Sowa T, Munakata M, Kitagawa S. Preparations and structural diversity of copper(I) ethylene adducts with related 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Maekawa M, Miyazaki T, Sugimoto K, Okubo T, Kuroda-Sowa T, Munakata M, Kitagawa S. Structural diversity among copper(i) ethylene adducts of 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:4258-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kavakli C, Schwederski B, Fiedler J, Gudat D, Kaim W. Ligand-based Reduction in a Molecular Rectangle with Four Organplatinum(IV) Vertices. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dogan A, Kavakli C, Sieger M, Niemeyer M, Sarkar B, Kaim W. Structural and Spectroscopic Evidence for Marginal Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer in Complexes Pt(abpy)Me3X, abpy = 2,2′-Azobispyridine, X = Cl, Br, I. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Double cyclometallation of bridging 3,6-bis(2-thienyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine in a dinuclear mesityl(dimethylsulfoxide)platinum(II) complex: Structure and properties. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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