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Oyanna VO, Garcia-Torres KY, Bechtold BJ, Lynch KD, Call MR, Horváth M, Manwill PK, Graf TN, Cech NB, Oberlies NH, Paine MF, Clarke JD. Goldenseal-Mediated Inhibition of Intestinal Uptake Transporters Decreases Metformin Systemic Exposure in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1483-1489. [PMID: 37562957 PMCID: PMC10586506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Goldenseal is a perennial plant native to eastern North America. A recent clinical study reported goldenseal decreased metformin Cmax and area under the blood concentration versus time curve (AUC) by 27% and 23%, respectively, but half-life and renal clearance were unchanged. These observations suggested goldenseal altered processes involved in metformin absorption. The underlying mechanism(s) remain(s) unknown. One mechanism for the decreased metformin systemic exposure is inhibition by goldenseal of intestinal uptake transporters involved in metformin absorption. Goldenseal extract and three goldenseal alkaloids (berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, hydrastinine) were tested as inhibitors of organic cation transporter (OCT) 3, plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), and thiamine transporter (THTR) 2 using human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing each transporter. The goldenseal extract, normalized to berberine content, was the strongest inhibitor of each transporter (IC50: 4.9, 13.1, and 5.8 μM for OCT3, PMAT, and THTR2, respectively). A pharmacokinetic study in mice compared the effects of berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, goldenseal extract, and imatinib (OCT inhibitor) on orally administered metformin. Goldenseal extract and imatinib significantly decreased metformin Cmax by 31% and 25%, respectively, and had no effect on half-life. Berberine and (-)-β-hydrastine had no effect on metformin pharmacokinetics, indicating neither alkaloid alone precipitated the interaction in vivo. A follow-up murine study involving intravenous metformin and oral inhibitors examined the contributions of basolateral enteric/hepatic uptake transporters to the goldenseal-metformin interaction. Goldenseal extract and imatinib had no effect on metformin AUC and half-life, suggesting lack of inhibition of basolateral enteric/hepatic uptake transporters. Results may have implications for patients taking goldenseal with drugs that are substrates for OCT3 and THTR2. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Goldenseal is used to self-treat respiratory infections and digestive disorders. We investigated potential mechanisms for the clinical pharmacokinetic interaction observed between goldenseal and metformin, specifically inhibition by goldenseal of intestinal uptake transporters (OCT3, PMAT, THTR2) involved in metformin absorption. Goldenseal extract inhibited all three transporters in vitro and decreased metformin systemic exposure in mice. These data may have broader implications for patients co-consuming goldenseal with other drugs that are substrates for these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Oyanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Kenisha Y Garcia-Torres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Baron J Bechtold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - M Ridge Call
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Miklós Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Preston K Manwill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington (V.O.O., K.Y.G.-T., B.J.B., K.D.L., M.R.C., M.F.P., J.D.C.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina (P.K.M., T.N.G., N.B.C., N.H.O.); SOLVO Biotechnology, Szeged, Hungary (M.H.); and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (N.B.C., N.H.O., M.F.P., J.D.C.)
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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model predictions of natural product-drug interactions between goldenseal, berberine, imatinib and bosutinib. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:597-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Šudomová M, Berchová-Bímová K, Marzocco S, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Hassan ST. Berberine in Human Oncogenic Herpesvirus Infections and Their Linked Cancers. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061014. [PMID: 34071559 PMCID: PMC8229678 DOI: 10.3390/v13061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesviruses are known to induce a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from common cold sores to cancer, and infections with some types of these viruses, known as human oncogenic herpesviruses (HOHVs), can cause cancer. Challenges with viral latency, recurrent infections, and drug resistance have generated the need for finding new drugs with the ability to overcome these barriers. Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is known for its multiple biological activities, including antiviral and anticancer effects. This paper comprehensively compiles all studies that have featured anti-HOHV properties of BBR along with promising preventive effects against the associated cancers. The mechanisms and pathways induced by BBR via targeting the herpesvirus life cycle and the pathogenesis of the linked malignancies are reviewed. Approaches to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BBR and its use in clinical practice as an anti-herpesvirus drug are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 66461 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Berchová-Bímová
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Sherif T.S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-774-630-604
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Zhou N, Liu D, Bao X. A Validated Liquid Chromatographic Method for Berberine Analysis in Tissue and Application. Int J Anal Chem 2020; 2020:8892696. [PMID: 33061977 PMCID: PMC7545417 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8892696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography methods were developed for the determination of berberine (BB) in various rat tissues so as to evaluate a P-gp inhibitor, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), on BB's oral bioavailability. Acetonitrile was used to extract BB from tissues and showed different extraction recoveries in diverse tissues. The intra- and interday precision and accuracy were less than 10%. Long-term stability, pre (post) -preparative stability, and freeze-thaw stability were evaluated, and the results showed it could meet the need of this study. The proposed methods were subsequently applied to investigate the possible drug-drug interaction of GA and BB in vivo from the aspect of tissue distribution. The results showed that no significant difference was found between the group of low dose and high dose at the same time point. The tissue distributions show a saturated model, i.e., the content of BB in tissue tends to be constant while its dose is more than 200 mg/kg. Besides, the contents of BB ranged from high to low according to the order of the liver, kidney, and spleen. The BB content in the liver is especially high as compared to other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, China
- Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory for Efficient Use of Agricultural Resources in the Southeast of Guangxi, Yulin, China
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Dangmei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Xiaowang Bao
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
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Mandal SK, Maji AK, Mishra SK, Ishfaq PM, Devkota HP, Silva AS, Das N. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and its active constituents: A critical review of their efficacy and toxicological issues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105085. [PMID: 32683037 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a medicinal plant widely used in various traditional systems of medicine and as a food supplement. It has been traditionally used by Native Americans as a coloring agent and as medicinal remedy for common diseases and conditions like wounds, digestive disorders, ulcers, skin and eye ailments, and cancer. Over the years, goldenseal has become a popular food supplement in the USA and other regions. The rhizome of this plant has been used for the treatment of a variety of diseases including, gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, muscular debility, nervous prostration, constipation, skin and eye infections, cancer, among others. Berberine is one of the most bioactive alkaloid that has been identified in different parts of goldenseal. The goldenseal extract containing berberine showed numerous therapeutic effects such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective (anti-Alzheimer's disease), cardioprotective, and gastrointestinal protective. Various research finding suggest the health promoting effects of goldenseal components and their extracts. However, few studies have also suggested the possible neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and phototoxic activities of goldenseal extract and its alkaloids. Thus, large randomized, double-blind clinical studies need to be conducted on goldenseal supplements and their main alkaloids to provide more evidence on the mechanisms responsible for the pharmaceutical activity, clinical efficacy and safety of these products. Thus, it is very important to review the scientific information about goldenseal to understand about the current scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur, 713206, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pir Mohammad Ishfaq
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Sciences: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, 4485-655, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, 4051-401, Portugal
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia, 799155, Tripura, India.
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McDonald MG, Tian DD, Thummel KE, Paine MF, Rettie AE. Modulation of Major Human Liver Microsomal Cytochromes P450 by Component Alkaloids of Goldenseal: Time-Dependent Inhibition and Allosteric Effects. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1018-1027. [PMID: 32591416 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.091041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical and other natural products (NPs) are often coconsumed with prescription medications, presenting a risk for cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated NP-drug interactions. The NP goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) has exhibited antimicrobial activities in vitro attributed to isoquinoline alkaloids contained in the plant, primarily berberine, (-)-β-hydrastine, and to a lesser extent, hydrastinine. These alkaloids contain methylenedioxyphenyl rings, structural alerts with potential to inactivate P450s through formation of metabolic intermediate complexes. Time-dependent inhibition experiments were conducted to evaluate their ability to inhibit major P450 activities in human liver microsomes by using a cocktail of isozyme-specific substrate probes. Berberine inhibited CYP2D6 (dextromethorphan O-demethylation; K I = 2.7 μM, kinact = 0.065 minute-1) and CYP3A4/5 (midazolam 1'-hydroxylation; K I = 14.8 μM, kinact = 0.019 minute-1); (-)-β-hydrastine inhibited CYP2C9 (diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation; K I = 49 μM, kinact = 0.036 minute-1), CYP2D6 (K I > 250 μM, kinact > 0.06 minute-1), and CYP3A4/5 (K I = 28 μM, kinact = 0.056 minute-1); and hydrastinine inhibited CYP2D6 (K I = 37 μM, kinact = 0.049 minute-1) activity. Berberine additionally exhibited allosteric effects on midazolam hydroxylation, showing both positive and negative heterotropic cooperativity. Experiments with recombinant isozymes showed that berberine activated midazolam 1'-hydroxylation by CYP3A5, lowering K m(app), but showed mixed inhibition and negative cooperativity toward this reaction when catalyzed by CYP3A4. Berberine inactivated CYP3A4 at a much faster rate than CYP3A5 and was a noncompetitive inhibitor of midazolam 4-hydroxylation by CYP3A4 but a strong mixed inhibitor of the CYP3A5 catalyzed reaction. These complex kinetics should be considered when extrapolating the risk for NP-drug interactions involving goldenseal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Robust kinetic parameters were determined for the reversible and time-dependent inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5 activities in human liver microsomes by major component isoquinoline alkaloids contained in the botanical natural product goldenseal. The alkaloid berberine also exhibited opposing, isozyme-specific allosteric effects on midazolam hydroxylation mediated by recombinant CYP3A4 (inhibition) and CYP3A5 (activation). These data will inform the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that can be used to predict potential clinically relevant goldenseal-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G McDonald
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.G.M., A.E.R.) and Pharmaceutics (K.E.T.), School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.-D.T., M.F.P.), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (K.E.T., M.F.P., A.E.R.)
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.G.M., A.E.R.) and Pharmaceutics (K.E.T.), School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.-D.T., M.F.P.), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (K.E.T., M.F.P., A.E.R.)
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.G.M., A.E.R.) and Pharmaceutics (K.E.T.), School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.-D.T., M.F.P.), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (K.E.T., M.F.P., A.E.R.)
| | - Mary F Paine
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.G.M., A.E.R.) and Pharmaceutics (K.E.T.), School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.-D.T., M.F.P.), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (K.E.T., M.F.P., A.E.R.)
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (M.G.M., A.E.R.) and Pharmaceutics (K.E.T.), School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (D.-D.T., M.F.P.), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington; and Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research, Spokane, Washington (K.E.T., M.F.P., A.E.R.)
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A rapid method for simultaneous quantification of berberine, berbamine, magnoflorine and berberrubine in mouse serum using UPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1142:122040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Wang B, Zhang N. A review on analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1794-1815. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of Education and PLADepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of PharmacyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and TechnologyShanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
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Osman AG, Haider S, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Utility of alkaloids as chemical and biomarkers for quality, efficacy, and safety assessment of botanical ingredients. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:347-356. [PMID: 30837071 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selecting the appropriate chemical and bio-markers for monitoring the quality, efficacy, and safety is critical for efficient and reliable assessment of traditional medicines derived from botanical sources. Chemical markers have been implicated primarily in establishing the analytical methodologies aiming at verification of the botanical sources of the raw materials, the extracts, and the finished products such as botanical dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. In addition, they have been employed in differentiation between crude or raw (unprocessed) and processed plant extracts, and identification as well as determination of potential toxicants and adulterants in herbal medicines. Additionally, these chemical markers are utilized for selection of efficient methods for extraction of plants. Further, biomarkers have been exploited in determination of the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive herbal constituents. Alkaloids, unlike other plant constituents, are uniquely characterized by having basic properties, and possessing substantial and diverse pharmacological effects. These features make alkaloids attractive components for functioning as chemical and biomarkers in determining the quality of botanical ingredients where this class of phytochemicals prevail or is responsible for lending biological effects. PURPOSE The aim of the review is to exhibit the function of alkaloids as biomarkers and chemical markers in the evaluation of quality, efficacy, and safety of medicinal herbs and their commercial products. METHODS Literature acquisition was accomplished using the most commonly accessed scholarly search engines including SciFinder, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Secondly, the full-texts which are relevant to the topic were included in this review. This was followed by a thorough and detailed analysis of the collected information. RESULTS The literature search with main emphasis on the roles of alkaloids in the evaluation of quality, efficacy and safety of herbal medicines was evaluated to provide all succinct information in one place. Compilation of such critical information is expected to help the reader to appreciate alkaloids as important markers in the quality control of herbal drugs and products. CONCLUSION The current review article covers the fundamental roles played by alkaloids as chemical and biomarkers in assessing the essential parameters of the quality of botanical ingredients, as briefly described earlier. The utilization of alkaloids as biomarkers to determine the efficacy-linked pharmacokinetic parameters is limited to reviewing studies on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Osman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Saqlain Haider
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Buchanan B, Meng Q, Poulin MM, Zuccolo J, Azike CG, Gabriele J, Baranowski DC. Comparative pharmacokinetics and safety assessment of transdermal berberine and dihydroberberine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194979. [PMID: 29579096 PMCID: PMC5868852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural alkaloid berberine has been ascribed numerous health benefits including lipid and cholesterol reduction and improved insulin sensitivity in diabetics. However, oral (PO) administration of berberine is hindered by poor bioavailability and increasing dose often elicits gastro-intestinal side effects. To overcome the caveats associated with oral berberine, we developed transdermal (TD) formulations of berberine (BBR) and the berberine precursor dihydroberberine (DHB). These formulations were compared to oral BBR using pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and general safety studies in vivo. To complete this work, a sensitive quantitative LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated according the FDA guidelines for bioanalytical methods to simultaneously measure berberine, simvastatin, and simvastatin hydroxy acid with relative quantification used for the berberine metabolite demethylene berberine glucuronide (DBG). Acute pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated a statistically relevant ranking for berberine bioavailability based upon AUC0-8 as DHB TD > BBR TD >> BBR PO with similar ranking for the metabolite DBG, indicating that transdermal administration achieves BBR levels well above oral administration. Similarly, chronic administration (14 days) resulted in significantly higher levels of circulating BBR and DBG in DHB TD treated animals. Chronically treated rats were given a single dose of simvastatin with no observed change in the drugs bioavailability compared with control, suggesting the increased presence of BBR had no effect on simvastatin metabolism. This observation was further supported by consistent CYP3A4 expression across all treatment groups. Moreover, no changes in kidney and liver biomarkers, including alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, were observed between treatment formats, and confirming previous reports that BBR has no effect on HMG-CoA expression. This study supports the safe use of transdermal compositions that improve on the poor bioavailability of oral berberine and have the potential to be more efficacious in the treatment of dyslipidemia or hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Buchanan
- Research and Development, Delivra Corp., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Qingfang Meng
- Research and Development, Delivra Corp., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Mathieu-Marc Poulin
- Research and Development, Delivra Corp., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jonathan Zuccolo
- Research and Development, Delivra Corp., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Chike Godwin Azike
- Research and Development, Delivra Corp., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Joseph Gabriele
- Research and Development, Delivra Corp., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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Liu M, Su X, Li G, Zhao G, Zhao L. Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin, simvastatin hydroxy acid and berberine in rat plasma: Application to the drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction study of simvastatin combined with berberine after oral administration in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1006:8-15. [PMID: 26519618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) assay method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of simvastatin (SV), its metabolite simvastatin hydroxy acid (SVA) and berberine (BBR) in rat plasma. Separation was performed on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (4.6×50mm, 2.7μm) using gradient elution by mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 10mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5). Polarity switch (positive-negative-positive ionization mode) was performed in a total run time of 4.0min. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for SV, SVA and BBR were 0.10, 0.20 and 0.10ng/mL, respectively. The response function was established for concentration range of 0.10-100ng/mL for SV and BBR and 0.20-3000ng/mL for SVA, with a coefficient of correlation of >0.99 for all the compounds. The proposed method was applied to the drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction study of SV combined with BBR after oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianying Su
- Northeast Pharmaceutical (Shenyang) Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Guofei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guilian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Gupta PK, Barone G, Gurley BJ, Fifer EK, Hendrickson HP. Hydrastine pharmacokinetics and metabolism after a single oral dose of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) to humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:534-52. [PMID: 25609220 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The disposition and metabolism of hydrastine was investigated in 11 healthy subjects following an oral dose of 2.7 g of goldenseal supplement containing 78 mg of hydrastine. Serial blood samples were collected for 48 hours, and urine was collected for 24 hours. Hydrastine serum and urine concentrations were determined by Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic parameters for hydrastine were calculated using noncompartmental methods. The maximal serum concentration (Cmax) was 225 ± 100 ng/ml, Tmax was 1.5 ± 0.3 hours, and area under the curve was 6.4 ± 4.1 ng ⋅ h/ml ⋅ kg. The elimination half-life was 4.8 ± 1.4 hours. Metabolites of hydrastine were identified in serum and urine by using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Hydrastine metabolites were identified by various mass spectrometric techniques, such as accurate mass measurement, neutral loss scanning, and product ion scanning using Quadrupole-Time of Flight (Q-ToF) and triple quadrupole instruments. The identity of phase II metabolites was further confirmed by hydrolysis of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates using bovine β-glucuronidase and a Helix pomatia sulfatase/glucuronidase enzyme preparation. Hydrastine was found to undergo rapid and extensive phase I and phase II metabolism. Reduction, O-demethylation, N-demethylation, hydroxylation, aromatization, lactone hydrolysis, and dehydrogenation of the alcohol group formed by lactone hydrolysis to the ketone group were observed during phase I biotransformation of hydrastine. Phase II metabolites were primarily glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Hydrastine undergoes extensive biotransformation, and some metabolites may have pharmacological activity. Further study is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem K Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (P.K.G., B.J.G., E.K.F., H.P.H.), and Department of Surgery, College of Medicine (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gary Barone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (P.K.G., B.J.G., E.K.F., H.P.H.), and Department of Surgery, College of Medicine (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Bill J Gurley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (P.K.G., B.J.G., E.K.F., H.P.H.), and Department of Surgery, College of Medicine (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - E Kim Fifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (P.K.G., B.J.G., E.K.F., H.P.H.), and Department of Surgery, College of Medicine (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Howard P Hendrickson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (P.K.G., B.J.G., E.K.F., H.P.H.), and Department of Surgery, College of Medicine (G.B.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Approaches to improve the oral bioavailability and effects of novel anticancer drugs berberine and betulinic acid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89919. [PMID: 24614362 PMCID: PMC3948684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor bioavailability of Berberine (BBR) and Betulinic acid (BA) limits the development of these promising anticancer agents for clinical use. In the current study, BBR and BA in spray dried (SD) mucoadhesive microparticle formulations were prepared. METHODS A patented dual channel spray gun technology established in our laboratory was used for both formulations. Gastrointestinal (GI) permeability studies were carried out using Caco-2 cell monolayer grown in in-vitro system. The oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of SD formulations were studied in Sprague Dawley rats. A549 orthotopic and H1650 metastatic NSCLC models were utilized for the anticancer evaluations. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that BBR and BA SD formulations resulted in 3.46 and 3.90 fold respectively, significant increase in plasma Cmax concentrations. AUC levels were increased by 6.98 and 7.41 fold in BBR and BA SD formulations, respectively. Compared to untreated controls groups, 49.8 & 53.4% decrease in the tumor volumes was observed in SD formulation groups of BBR and BA, respectively. Molecular studies done on excised tumor (A549) tissue suggested that BBR in SD form resulted in a significant decrease in the survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF and CD31 expressions. Cleaved caspase 3, p53 and TUNEL expressions were increased in SD formulations. The RT-PCR analysis on H1650 tumor tissue suggested that p38, Phospho-JNK, Bax, BAD, cleaved caspase 3&8 mRNA expressions were significantly increased in BA SD formulations. Chronic administration of BBR and BA SD formulations did not show any toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Due to significant increase in oral bioavailability and superior anticancer effects, our results suggest that spray drying is a superior alternative formulation approach for oral delivery of BBR and BA.
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Exploratory Pharmacokinetics of Geniposide in Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia Orally Administered with or without Baicalin and/or Berberine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:349531. [PMID: 24367386 PMCID: PMC3866786 DOI: 10.1155/2013/349531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), a classical Chinese prescription, has been clinically employed to treat cerebral ischemia for thousands of years. Geniposide is the major active ingredient in HLJDT. The aim is to investigate the comparative evaluations on pharmacokinetics of geniposide in MCAO rats in pure geniposide, geniposide : berberine, and geniposide : berberine : baicalin. Obviously, the proportions of geniposide : berberine, geniposide : baicalin, and geniposide : berberine : baicalin were determined according to HLJDT. In our study, the cerebral ischemia model was reproduced by suture method in rats. The MCAO rats were randomly assigned to four therapy groups and orally administered with different prescription proportions of pure geniposide, geniposide : berberine, geniposide : baicalin, and geniposide : berberine : baicalin, respectively. The concentrations of geniposide in rat serum were determined using HPLC, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. The results indicated that the pharmacokinetics of geniposide in rat serum was nonlinear and there were significant differences between different groups. Berberine might hardly affect the absorption of geniposide, and baicalin could increase the absorption ability of geniposide. Meanwhile, berberine could decrease the absorption increase of baicalin on geniposide.
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Pillai MG, Kumar A, Sharma R, Bhasin N. LC–MS Based Workflows for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for Homeopathic Preparation of Hydrastis canadensis. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mokgadi J, Turner C, Torto N. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Alkaloids in Goldenseal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2013.48050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang S, Ma R, Yang X, Wang C, Wang Z. On-line sample concentration and determination of cationic alkaloids in human plasma by micelle to solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 906:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen W, Fan D, Meng L, Miao Y, Yang S, Weng Y, He H, Tang X. Enhancing effects of chitosan and chitosan hydrochloride on intestinal absorption of berberine in rats. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:104-10. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.592531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chen W, Miao YQ, Fan DJ, Yang SS, Lin X, Meng LK, Tang X. Bioavailability study of berberine and the enhancing effects of TPGS on intestinal absorption in rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:705-11. [PMID: 21637946 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine chloride (BBR) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from medicinal herbs. It has been reported that the intestinal absorption of BBR is very low. In this study, the absolute bioavailability of BBR was studied, and the enhancing effects of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) on intestinal absorption were investigated in rats. BBR injection was administrated via the femoral vein at a dose of 1.0 mg kg(-1) in intravenous group, and BBR oral formulations were administrated by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg kg(-1) in BBR control (control) group and BBR-TPGS (test) group, respectively. The result showed that BBR had a very low absolute bioavailability of 0.68%, and TPGS could enhance intestinal absorption of BBR significantly. TPGS at a concentration of 2.5% could improve peak concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC(0-36)) of BBR by 2.9 and 1.9 times, respectively. The absorption enhancing ability of TPGS may be due to its ability to affect the biological activity of P-glycoprotein and thereby reduce the excretion of absorbed BBR into the intestinal lumen. This study indicated that absolute bioavailability of BBR was 0.68% in rats, and TPGS was a good absorption enhancer capable of enhancing intestinal absorption of BBR significantly.
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Kamal YT, Singh M, Tamboli ET, Parveen R, Ahmad S. Quantitative analysis of berberine inBerberis aristatafruits and in a traditional anti-inflammatory unani formulation by use of a validated HPLC method. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.21.2013.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and application in pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparations containing scutellaria–coptis herb couple. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:591-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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