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Cömert C, Kjær-Sørensen K, Hansen J, Carlsen J, Just J, Meaney BF, Østergaard E, Luo Y, Oxvig C, Schmidt-Laursen L, Palmfeldt J, Fernandez-Guerra P, Bross P. HSP60 chaperone deficiency disrupts the mitochondrial matrix proteome and dysregulates cholesterol synthesis. Mol Metab 2024; 88:102009. [PMID: 39147275 PMCID: PMC11388177 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial proteostasis is critical for cellular function. The molecular chaperone HSP60 is essential for cell function and dysregulation of HSP60 expression has been implicated in cancer and diabetes. The few reported patients carrying HSP60 gene variants show neurodevelopmental delay and brain hypomyelination. Hsp60 interacts with more than 260 mitochondrial proteins but the mitochondrial proteins and functions affected by HSP60 deficiency are poorly characterized. METHODS We studied two model systems for HSP60 deficiency: (1) engineered HEK cells carrying an inducible dominant negative HSP60 mutant protein, (2) zebrafish HSP60 knockout larvae. Both systems were analyzed by RNASeq, proteomics, and targeted metabolomics, and several functional assays relevant for the respective model. In addition, skin fibroblasts from patients with disease-associated HSP60 variants were analyzed by proteomics. RESULTS We show that HSP60 deficiency leads to a differentially downregulated mitochondrial matrix proteome, transcriptional activation of stress responses, and dysregulated cholesterol biosynthesis. This leads to lipid accumulation in zebrafish knockout larvae. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a compendium of the effects of HSP60 deficiency on the mitochondrial matrix proteome. We show that HSP60 is a master regulator and modulator of mitochondrial functions and metabolic pathways. HSP60 dysfunction also affects cellular metabolism and disrupts the integrated stress response. The effect on cholesterol synthesis explains the effect of HSP60 dysfunction on myelination observed in patients carrying genetic variants of HSP60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Cömert
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Kjær-Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jasper Carlsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brandon F Meaney
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsebet Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paula Fernandez-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Molecular Endocrinology Unit, KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Cajka T, Hricko J, Rudl Kulhava L, Paucova M, Novakova M, Kuda O. Optimization of Mobile Phase Modifiers for Fast LC-MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031987. [PMID: 36768308 PMCID: PMC9916776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the method of choice for the untargeted profiling of biological samples. A multiplatform LC-MS-based approach is needed to screen polar metabolites and lipids comprehensively. Different mobile phase modifiers were tested to improve the electrospray ionization process during metabolomic and lipidomic profiling. For polar metabolites, hydrophilic interaction LC using a mobile phase with 10 mM ammonium formate/0.125% formic acid provided the best performance for amino acids, biogenic amines, sugars, nucleotides, acylcarnitines, and sugar phosphate, while reversed-phase LC (RPLC) with 0.1% formic acid outperformed for organic acids. For lipids, RPLC using a mobile phase with 10 mM ammonium formate or 10 mM ammonium formate with 0.1% formic acid permitted the high signal intensity of various lipid classes ionized in ESI(+) and robust retention times. For ESI(-), the mobile phase with 10 mM ammonium acetate with 0.1% acetic acid represented a reasonable compromise regarding the signal intensity of the detected lipids and the stability of retention times compared to 10 mM ammonium acetate alone or 0.02% acetic acid. Collectively, we show that untargeted methods should be evaluated not only on the total number of features but also based on common metabolites detected by a specific platform along with the long-term stability of retention times.
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Pu Y, Wang C, Jiang Y, Wang X, Ai Y, Zhuang W. Metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis provide insights into the accumulation of flavonoids in chayote fruit during storage. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1029745. [PMID: 36937343 PMCID: PMC10019507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1029745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chayote (Sechium edulel) fruits are rich in flavonoids, folate, and low-calorie food. However, studies about the flavonoids and the corresponding regulatory mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in chayote fruits was still unclear. In present study, an integrated transcriptome and metabolite analysis of chayote fruits at three different storage stages were conducted to explore the flavonoid compositions and gene expression associated with flavonoid synthesis. Through the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 57 flavonoid compounds were detected. Of these, 42 flavonoid glycosides were significantly differential accumulation in chayote fruits at three different storage stages. Many genes associated with flavonoid synthesis were differentially expressed in chayote fruits at three different storage stages through RNA-seq analysis, including structural genes and some TFs. There was a high correlation between RNA-seq analysis and metabolite profiling, and the expression level of candidate genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were consistent with the dynamic changes of flavonoids. In addition, one R2R3-MYB transcription factor, FSG0057100, was defined as the critical regulatory gene of flavonoid synthesis. Furthermore, exogenous application of phenylalanine increased the total content of flavonoids and promoted some flavonoid biosynthesis-related gene expression in chayote fruits. The above results not only make us better understand the molecular mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in chayote fruits, but also contribute to the promotion and application of chayote products.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuTing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - YongWen Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoJing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoJing Wang,
| | - YuJie Ai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
- YuJie Ai,
| | - WeiBing Zhuang
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-sen, Institute of Botany, Nanjing, China
- WeiBing Zhuang,
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Hou W, Ling J, Xu Y, Li K, Wang F. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis for identification and quantification of antimicrobial compounds in distillery wastewater. MethodsX 2021; 8:101470. [PMID: 34430343 PMCID: PMC8374650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyze and identify 4 levels of small molecule compounds in distillery wastewater. Simple method for quantification of five antimicrobial compounds. Column temperature affected the lactic and succinic acid chromatographs significantly.
A high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) method was developed to analyze and identify small molecule compounds in distillery wastewater. According to identification confidence levels, 4 levels of compounds were identified. The five antimicrobial compounds (lactic acid, succinic acid, acetophenone, cinnamic acid, and phenyllactic acid), which shown in high concentrations, were at the highest level of confidence (level 1, confirmed structure). Thus, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously quantify these antimicrobial compounds. The analysis was performed in the selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via the electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the negative ionization mode. Linear calibration curves were obtained over the concentration range of 50–1000.0 ng/mL for succinic acid, acetophenone, cinnamic acid, phenyllactic acid, and 375–7500 ng/mL for lactic acid. Precision and recovery of the analytes were all satisfactory (relative standard deviation < 10%). The validated method was successfully applied to quantitative analysis of the five antimicrobial compounds in distillery wastewater.Analyze and identify 4 levels of small molecule compounds in distillery wastewater. Simple method for quantification of five antimicrobial compounds. Column temperature affected the lactic and succinic acid chromatographs significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waner Hou
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanbin Xu
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kailing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin after ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9544. [PMID: 33953281 PMCID: PMC8100147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), reduces mortality and hospitalisation for heart failure following myocardial infarction irrespective of diabetes status. While the findings suggest an inherent cardioprotective capacity, the mechanism remains unknown. We studied infarct size (IS) ex-vivo in isolated hearts exposed to global IR injury and in-vivo in rats subjected to regional myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, in whom we followed left ventricular dysfunction for 28 days. We compared rats that were given EMPA orally for 7 days before, EMPA 1.5 h before IR injury and at onset of reperfusion and continued orally during the follow-up period. We used echocardiography, high resolution respirometry, microdialysis and plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate to assess myocardial performance, mitochondrial respiration and intermediary metabolism, respectively. Pretreatment with EMPA for 7 days reduced IS in-vivo (65 ± 7% vs. 46 ± 8%, p < 0.0001 while administration 1.5 h before IR, at onset of reperfusion or ex-vivo did not. EMPA alleviated LV dysfunction irrespective of the reduction in IS. EMPA improved mitochondrial respiration and modulated myocardial interstitial metabolism while the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid was only transiently increased without any association with IS reduction. EMPA reduces infarct size and yields cardioprotection in non-diabetic rats with ischemic LV dysfunction by an indirect, delayed intrinsic mechanism that also improves systolic function beyond infarct size reduction. The mechanism involves enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and modulated myocardial metabolism but not hyperketonemia.
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Lassen TR, Just J, Hjortbak MV, Jespersen NR, Stenz KT, Gu T, Yan Y, Su J, Hansen J, Bæk R, Jørgensen MM, Nyengaard JR, Kristiansen SB, Drasbek KR, Kjems J, Bøtker HE. Cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning is transferable by plasma and mediated by extracellular vesicles. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:16. [PMID: 33689033 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) by brief periods of limb ischemia and reperfusion protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. We studied the cardioprotective role of extracellular vesicles (EV)s released into the circulation after RIC and EV accumulation in injured myocardium. METHODS We used plasma from healthy human volunteers before and after RIC (pre-PLA and post-PLA) to evaluate the transferability of RIC. Pre- and post-RIC plasma samples were separated into an EV enriched fraction (pre-EV + and post-EV +) and an EV poor fraction (pre-EV- and post-EV-) by size exclusion chromatography. Small non-coding RNAs from pre-EV + and post-EV + were purified and profiled by NanoString Technology. Infarct size was compared in Sprague-Dawley rat hearts perfused with isolated plasma and fractions in a Langendorff model. In addition, fluorescently labeled EVs were used to assess homing in an in vivo rat model. (ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT03380663) RESULTS: Post-PLA reduced infarct size by 15% points compared with Pre-PLA (55 ± 4% (n = 7) vs 70 ± 6% (n = 8), p = 0.03). Post-EV + reduced infarct size by 16% points compared with pre-EV + (53 ± 15% (n = 13) vs 68 ± 12% (n = 14), p = 0.03). Post-EV- did not affect infarct size compared to pre-EV- (64 ± 3% (n = 15) and 68 ± 10% (n = 16), p > 0.99). Three miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-144-3p and miR-451a) that target the mTOR pathway were significantly up-regulated in the post-EV + group. Labelled EVs accumulated more intensely in the infarct area than in sham hearts. CONCLUSION Cardioprotection by RIC can be mediated by circulating EVs that accumulate in injured myocardium. The underlying mechanism involves modulation of EV miRNA that may promote cell survival during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ravn Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Just
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Vognstoft Hjortbak
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nichlas Riise Jespersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Tang Stenz
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Research and Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yan Yan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Ryun Drasbek
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Research and Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Cardioprotective effect of combination therapy by mild hypothermia and local or remote ischemic preconditioning in isolated rat hearts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:265. [PMID: 33431942 PMCID: PMC7801421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitargeted strategy to treat the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in acute myocardial infarction may add cardioprotection beyond reperfusion therapy alone. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of mild hypothermia combined with local ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on IR injury in isolated rat hearts. Moreover, we aimed to define the optimum timing of initiating hypothermia and evaluate underlying cardioprotective mechanisms. Compared to infarct size in normothermic controls (56 ± 4%), mild hypothermia during the entire or final 20 min of the ischemic period reduced infarct size (34 ± 2%, p < 0.01; 35 ± 5%, p < 0.01, respectively), while no reduction was seen when hypothermia was initiated at reperfusion (51 ± 4%, p = 0.90). In all groups with effect of mild hypothermia, IPC further reduced infarct size. In contrast, we found no additive effect on infarct size between hypothermic controls (20 ± 3%) and the combination of mild hypothermia and RIC (33 ± 4%, p = 0.09). Differences in temporal lactate dehydrogenase release patterns suggested an anti-ischemic effect by mild hypothermia, while IPC and RIC preferentially targeted reperfusion injury. In conclusion, additive underlying mechanisms seem to provide an additive effect of mild hypothermia and IPC, whereas the more clinically applicable RIC does not add cardioprotection beyond mild hypothermia.
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Partial enteral nutrition has no benefit on bone health but improves growth in paediatric patients with quiescent or mild Crohn's disease. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3786-3796. [PMID: 32376096 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exclusive enteral nutrition induces remission, improves bone health and growth in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients, but is highly demanding for patients. We investigated efficacy of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) on bone health, growth and course in CD patients and assessed microbial and metabolic changes induced by PEN. METHODS We performed a two centre, non-randomized controlled intervention study in quiescent CD patients aged <19 years. Patients in intervention group received a liquid formula providing ~25% of daily energy for one year. At baseline, after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, we collected data on bone, muscle (peripheral quantitative computertomography), anthropometry, disease activity (weighted paediatric CD activity index), metabolomic profile (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry), and faecal microbiome (16S rRNA gene sequencing). RESULTS Of 41 CD patients, 22 received the intervention (PEN) (mean age 15.0 ± 1.9 years, 50% male), 19 served as controls (non-PEN) (12.8 ± 3.1 years, 58% male). At baseline, mean bone quality was comparable to reference population with no improvement during the intervention. Relapse rate was low (8/41, PEN 4/22 and non-PEN 4/19, ns). PEN was not associated with microbiota community changes (beta diversity) but significantly reduced species diversity. Metabolome changes with upregulation of phosphatidylcholines in PEN patients are likely related to lipid and fatty acid composition of the formula. PEN significantly improved growth in a subgroup with Tanner stage 1-3. CONCLUSION In our cohort of paediatric CD patients, PEN did not affect bone health but improved growth in patients with a potential to grow.
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Rumping L, Pras-Raves ML, Gerrits J, Tang YF, Willemsen MA, Houwen RHJ, van Haaften G, van Hasselt PM, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Jans JJM. Metabolic fingerprinting reveals extensive consequences of GLS hyperactivity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129484. [PMID: 31734463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High glutaminase (GLS;EC3.5.1.2) activity is an important pathophysiological phenomenon in tumorigenesis and metabolic disease. Insight into the metabolic consequences of high GLS activity contributes to the understanding of the pathophysiology of both oncogenic pathways and inborn errors of glutamate metabolism. Glutaminase catalyzes the conversion of glutamine into glutamate, thereby interconnecting many metabolic pathways. METHODS We developed a HEK293-based cell-model that enables tuning of GLS activity by combining the expression of a hypermorphic GLS variant with incremental GLS inhibition. The metabolic consequences of increasing GLS activity were studied by metabolic profiling using Direct-Infusion High-Resolution Mass-Spectrometry (DI-HRMS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Of 12,437 detected features [m/z], 109 features corresponding to endogenously relevant metabolites were significantly affected by high GLS activity. As expected, these included strongly decreased glutamine and increased glutamate levels. Additionally, increased levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates with a truncation of the TCA cycle at the level of citrate were detected as well as increased metabolites of transamination reactions, proline and ornithine synthesis and GABA metabolism. Levels of asparagine and nucleotide metabolites showed the same dependence on GLS activity as glutamine. Of the nucleotides, especially metabolites of the pyrimidine thymine metabolism were negatively impacted by high GLS activity, which is remarkable since their synthesis depend both on aspartate (product of glutamate) and glutamine levels. Metabolites of the glutathione synthesizing γ-glutamyl-cycle were either decreased or unaffected. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE By providing a metabolic fingerprint of increasing GLS activity, this study shows the large impact of high glutaminase activity on the cellular metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Rumping
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Gerrits
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Yuen Fung Tang
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Willemsen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Roderick H J Houwen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Nanda M Verhoeven-Duif
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands
| | - Judith J M Jans
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584, CX, the Netherlands.
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Marchioro L, Geraghty AA, Uhl O, Shokry E, O'Brien EC, Koletzko B, McAuliffe FM. Effect of a low glycaemic index diet during pregnancy on maternal and cord blood metabolomic profiles: results from the ROLO randomized controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:59. [PMID: 31467584 PMCID: PMC6712779 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated post-prandial blood glucose during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes, such as maternal gestational diabetes and excessive foetal growth. The ROLO Study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effect of a low glycaemic index (GI) diet in pregnancy to prevent foetal macrosomia (birth weight > 4000 g). We described the impact of a low-GI diet on the maternal and feto-placental unit metabolism by studying how the ROLO intervention affected maternal and cord blood metabolomes. Methods Fasting maternal plasma samples pre- and post-intervention of 51 pregnant women and 132 cord blood samples were measured with a targeted metabolomics approach using liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The differences between RCT groups were explored via multivariate models with covariates correction. Significance was set at Bonferroni-corrected level of 0.05. Results A total of 262 metabolites species, sums and ratios were investigated. While no metabolite reached statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, many maternal phospholipids and acylcarnitines were elevated in the intervention group at uncorrected 0.05 alpha level. Most species contained saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid chains with 16 or 18 carbon atoms. In cord blood, no differences were identified between RCT groups. Conclusions A low-GI diet in pregnancy was associated with a trend to modest but consistent changes in maternal lipid and fatty acid metabolism. The intervention seemed not to affect foetal metabolism. Our exploratory findings may be used to direct further investigations about low GI diets before and during pregnancy, to improve patient care for pre-conceptional and pregnant women with lipid dysregulations and potentially modulate the offspring's risk for future metabolic diseases. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54392969.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marchioro
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- 2UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Engy Shokry
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Eileen C O'Brien
- 2UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- 2UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Zhang HY, Tan XX, Kang K, Wang W, Lian KQ, Kang WJ. Simultaneous determination of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in tissue and cell culture media by gas chromatography after in situ derivatization-ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:787-795. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Zhang W, Hu X, Zhou W, Tam KY. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method Revealed that Lung Cancer Cells Exhibited Distinct Metabolite Profiles upon the Treatment with Different Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitors. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3012-3021. [PMID: 30028142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) dominate the critical switch between mitochondria-based respiration and cytoplasm-based glycolysis by controlling pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Up-regulated PDKs play a great role in the Warburg effect in cancer cells and accordingly present a therapeutic target. Dichloroacetate (DCA) and AZD7545 are the two most-well-known PDK inhibitors exhibiting distinct pharmacological profiles. DCA showed anticancer effects in various preclinical models and clinical studies, while the primary preclinical indication of AZD7545 was on the improvement of glucose control in type II diabetes. Little, if any, study has been undertaken the elucidation of the effects of PDK inhibition on the metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Herein, the metabolite alterations of lung cancer cells (A549) upon the treatment with PDK inhibitors were studied using a reliable liquid-chromatography-based tandem mass spectrometry method. The developed method was validated for quantification of all common glycolysis and TCA cycle catabolites with good sensitivity and reproducibility, including glucose, pyruvate, lactate, acetyl coenzyme A, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, succinate, malate, and oxaloacetate. Our results suggested that A549 cells exhibited distinct metabolite profiles following the treatment with DCA or AZD7545, which may reflect the different pharmacological indications of these two drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Macau , Taipa , Macau, China
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Kumar D, Kumar P, Sharma U. UPLC-DAD-MS Based Quality Control and Discrimination Analysis of Different Aerial Parts of Crataegus rhipidophylla Gand. Found in Indian Western Himalaya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2017.1400919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
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Barisón MJ, Rapado LN, Merino EF, Furusho Pral EM, Mantilla BS, Marchese L, Nowicki C, Silber AM, Cassera MB. Metabolomic profiling reveals a finely tuned, starvation-induced metabolic switch in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8964-8977. [PMID: 28356355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle involving a triatomine insect and mammals. Throughout its life cycle, the T. cruzi parasite faces several alternating events of cell division and cell differentiation in which exponential and stationary growth phases play key biological roles. It is well accepted that arrest of the cell division in the epimastigote stage, both in the midgut of the triatomine insect and in vitro, is required for metacyclogenesis, and it has been previously shown that the parasites change the expression profile of several proteins when entering this quiescent stage. However, little is known about the metabolic changes that epimastigotes undergo before they develop into the metacyclic trypomastigote stage. We applied targeted metabolomics to measure the metabolic intermediates in the most relevant pathways for energy metabolism and oxidative imbalance in exponentially growing and stationary growth-arrested epimastigote parasites. We show for the first time that T. cruzi epimastigotes transitioning from the exponential to the stationary phase exhibit a finely tuned adaptive metabolic mechanism that enables switching from glucose to amino acid consumption, which is more abundant in the stationary phase. This metabolic plasticity appears to be crucial for survival of the T. cruzi parasite in the myriad different environmental conditions to which it is exposed during its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Barisón
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Nakamura Rapado
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilio F Merino
- the Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
| | - Elizabeth Mieko Furusho Pral
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Suarez Mantilla
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Marchese
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Nowicki
- the Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológica (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Mariano Silber
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry of Tryps-LaBTryps, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Maria Belen Cassera
- the Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
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Citric Acid Cycle Metabolites Predict the Severity of Myocardial Stunning and Mortality in Newborn Pigs. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016; 17:e567-e574. [PMID: 27741040 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure induce specific metabolic changes in the neonatal myocardium that are closely correlated to outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic responses to noninfarct heart failure and inotropic treatments in the newborn heart, which so far are undetermined. DESIGN A total of 28 newborn pigs were instrumented with a microdialysis catheter in the right ventricle, and intercellular citric acid cycle intermediates and adenosine metabolite concentrations were determined at 20-minute intervals. Stunning was induced by 10 cycles of 3 minutes of ischemia, which was performed by occluding the right coronary artery, followed by 3 minutes of reperfusion. Animals were randomized for treatment with epinephrine + milrinone, dopamine + milrinone, dobutamine, or saline. SETTING University hospital animal laboratory. MAIN RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion induced right ventricular stunning and increased the concentrations of pyruvate lactate, succinate, malate, hypoxanthine, and xanthine (all, p < 0.01). During inotrope infusion, no differences in metabolite concentrations were detected between the treatment groups. In nonsurviving animals (n = 8), concentrations of succinate (p < 0.0001), malate (p = 0.009), and hypoxanthine (p = 0.04) increased compared with survivors, while contractility was significantly reduced (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates and adenosine metabolites reflects the presence of myocardial stunning and predicts mortality in acute noninfarct right ventricular heart failure in newborn pigs. This phenomenon occurs independently of the type of inotrope, suggesting that citric acid cycle intermediates represent potential markers of acute noninfarct heart failure.
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16
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Wang H, Liang X, Luo G, Ding M, Liang Q. Protection effect of nicotinamide on cardiomyoblast hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury: study of cellular mitochondrial metabolism. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:2257-2264. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00108d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide exerts a protective effect on cardiomyoblasts against hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced injury through reduction of reactive oxygen species generation via succinate dehydrogenase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation
- Key lab of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation
- Key lab of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Guoan Luo
- Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation
- Key lab of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Mingyu Ding
- Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation
- Key lab of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation
- Key lab of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
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Lindsay KL, Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Buss C, Wadhwa PD, Koletzko B, Entringer S. Longitudinal Metabolomic Profiling of Amino Acids and Lipids across Healthy Pregnancy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145794. [PMID: 26716698 PMCID: PMC4699222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is characterized by a complexity of metabolic processes that may impact fetal development and ultimately, infant health outcomes. However, our understanding of whole body maternal and fetal metabolism during this critical life stage remains incomplete. The objective of this study is to utilize metabolomics to profile longitudinal patterns of fasting maternal metabolites among a cohort of non-diabetic, healthy pregnant women in order to advance our understanding of changes in protein and lipid concentrations across gestation, the biochemical pathways by which they are metabolized and to describe variation in maternal metabolites between ethnic groups. Among 160 pregnant women, amino acids, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, keto-bodies and non-esterified fatty acids were detected by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, while polar lipids were detected through flow-injected mass spectrometry. The maternal plasma concentration of several essential and non-essential amino acids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, free carnitine, acetylcarnitine, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins significantly decreased across pregnancy. Concentrations of several TCA intermediates increase as pregnancy progresses, as well as the keto-body β-hydroxybutyrate. Ratios of specific acylcarnitines used as indicators of metabolic pathways suggest a decreased beta-oxidation rate and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 enzyme activity with advancing gestation. Decreasing amino acid concentrations likely reflects placental uptake and tissue biosynthesis. The absence of any increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids is unexpected in the catabolic phase of later pregnancy and may reflect enhanced placental fatty acid uptake and utilization for fetal tissue growth. While it appears that energy production through the TCA cycle increases as pregnancy progresses, decreasing patterns of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine as well as increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 rate and β-hydroxybutyrate levels suggest a concomitant upregulation of ketogenesis to ensure sufficient energy supply in the fasting state. Several differences in metabolomic profiles between Hispanic and non-Hispanic women demonstrate phenotypic variations in prenatal metabolism which should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Lindsay
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Christian Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximillian-University München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximillian-University München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D. Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximillian-University München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States of America
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Laukka T, Mariani CJ, Ihantola T, Cao JZ, Hokkanen J, Kaelin WG, Godley LA, Koivunen P. Fumarate and Succinate Regulate Expression of Hypoxia-inducible Genes via TET Enzymes. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:4256-65. [PMID: 26703470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.688762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The TET enzymes are members of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family and comprise three isoenzymes in humans: TETs 1-3. These TETs convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA, and high 5-hmC levels are associated with active transcription. The importance of the balance in these modified cytosines is emphasized by the fact that TET2 is mutated in several human cancers, including myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We characterize here the kinetic and inhibitory properties of Tets and show that the Km value of Tets 1 and 2 for O2 is 30 μm, indicating that they retain high activity even under hypoxic conditions. The AML-associated mutations in the Fe(2+) and 2-oxoglutarate-binding residues increased the Km values for these factors 30-80-fold and reduced the Vmax values. Fumarate and succinate, which can accumulate to millimolar levels in succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase-mutant tumors, were identified as potent Tet inhibitors in vitro, with IC50 values ∼400-500 μm. Fumarate and succinate also down-regulated global 5-hmC levels in neuroblastoma cells and the expression levels of some hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) target genes via TET inhibition, despite simultaneous HIFα stabilization. The combination of fumarate or succinate treatment with TET1 or TET3 silencing caused differential effects on the expression of specific HIF target genes. Altogether these data show that hypoxia-inducible genes are regulated in a multilayered manner that includes epigenetic regulation via TETs and 5-hmC levels in addition to HIF stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Laukka
- From the Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Christopher J Mariani
- the Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Tuukka Ihantola
- From the Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - John Z Cao
- the Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | | | - William G Kaelin
- the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815
| | - Lucy A Godley
- the Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- From the Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland,
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Li G, Cai C, Ren T, Tang X. Development and application of a UPLC–MS/MS method for the pharmacokinetic study of 10-hydroxy camptothecin and hydroxyethyl starch conjugate in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Schmidt MR, Støttrup NB, Contractor H, Hyldebrandt JA, Johannsen M, Pedersen CM, Birkler R, Ashrafian H, Sørensen KE, Kharbanda RK, Redington AN, Bøtker HE. Remote ischemic preconditioning with--but not without--metabolic support protects the neonatal porcine heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:388-93. [PMID: 24280512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) protects the mature heart against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, the effect on the neonatal heart is not known. The neonatal heart relies almost solely on carbohydrate metabolism, which is modified by rIPC in the mature heart. We hypothesized that rIPC combined with metabolic support with glucose-insulin (GI) infusion improves cardiac function and reduces infarct size after IR injury in neonatal piglets in-vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS 32 newborn piglets were randomized into 4 groups: control, GI, GI+rIPC and rIPC. GI and GI+rIPC groups received GI infusion continuously from 40 min prior to ischemia. rIPC and GI+rIPC groups underwent four cycles of 5 min limb ischemia. Myocardial IR injury was induced by 40 min occlusion of the left anterior descending artery followed by 2 h reperfusion. Myocardial lactate concentrations were assessed in microdialysis samples analyzed by mass spectrometry. Infarct size was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Systolic recovery (dP/dt(max) as % of baseline) after 2 h reperfusion was 68.5±13.8% in control, 53.7±11.2% in rIPC (p<0.05), and improved in GI (83.6±18.8%, p<0.05) and GI+rIPC (87.0±15.7%, p<0.01). CONCLUSION rIPC+GI protects the neonatal porcine heart against IR injury in-vivo. rIPC alone has detrimental metabolic and functional effects that are abrogated by simultaneous GI infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark.
| | - Nicolaj B Støttrup
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Hussain Contractor
- Department of Cardiology, The John Radcliffe, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Janus A Hyldebrandt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Christian M Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Rune Birkler
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Department of Cardiology, The John Radcliffe, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Keld E Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Rajesh K Kharbanda
- Department of Cardiology, The John Radcliffe, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hans E Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
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Povlsen JA, Løfgren B, Dalgas C, Birkler RID, Johannsen M, Støttrup NB, Bøtker HE. Protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury at onset of type 2 diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats is associated with altered glucose oxidation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64093. [PMID: 23704975 PMCID: PMC3660588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition of glucose oxidation during initial reperfusion confers protection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the heart. Mitochondrial metabolism is altered with progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We hypothesized that the metabolic alterations present at onset of T2DM induce cardioprotection by metabolic shutdown during IR, and that chronic alterations seen in late T2DM cause increased IR injury. Methods Isolated perfused hearts from 6 (prediabetic), 12 (onset of T2DM) and 24 (late T2DM) weeks old male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) and their age-matched heterozygote controls were subjected to 40 min ischemia/120 min reperfusion. IR injury was assessed by TTC-staining. Myocardial glucose metabolism was evaluated by glucose tracer kinetics (glucose uptake-, glycolysis- and glucose oxidation rates), myocardial microdialysis (metabolomics) and tissue glycogen measurements. Results T2DM altered the development in sensitivity towards IR injury compared to controls. At late diabetes ZDF hearts suffered increased damage, while injury was decreased at onset of T2DM. Coincident with cardioprotection, oxidation of exogenous glucose was decreased during the initial and normalized after 5 minutes of reperfusion. Metabolomic analysis of citric acid cycle intermediates demonstrated that cardioprotection was associated with a reversible shutdown of mitochondrial glucose metabolism during ischemia and early reperfusion at onset of but not at late type 2 diabetes. Conclusions The metabolic alterations of type 2 diabetes are associated with protection against IR injury at onset but detrimental effects in late diabetes mellitus consistent with progressive dysfunction of glucose oxidation. These findings may explain the variable efficacy of cardioprotective interventions in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Denoroy L, Zimmer L, Renaud B, Parrot S. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography as a tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers of diseases: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:37-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Magiera S, Baranowska I, Kusa J, Baranowski J. A liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 919-920:20-9. [PMID: 23411015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitation of α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), L-carnitine (L-CAR) and acetyl-L-carnitine (acetyl-L-CAR) in human urine as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. The separation was performed using an isocratic elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (97:3, v/v) on an Acclaim 120 C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.0 μm). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.2 mL/min and the total assay run time was 3 min. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive and negative ion modes. This method covered a linearity range of 0.1-500 ng/mL for L-CAR and acetyl-L-CAR and 1-1000 ng/mL for α-KG with lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.08 ng/mL for L-CAR, 0.04 ng/mL for acetyl-L-CAR and 0.8 ng/mL for α-KG. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples exhibited relative standard deviations of less than 5.54% and relative error values from -5.95% to 3.11%. Analyte stability was evaluated under various sample preparation, analysis and storage conditions and varied from -9.89% to -0.47%. A two-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure using silica gel and quaternary amine cartridges was used for urine sample cleanup. The average recoveries for all analyzed compounds were better than 86.64% at three concentrations. The method was successfully applied for the quantitation of α-KG, L-CAR and acetyl-L-CAR in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Magiera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7 M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Huang Y, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Peng C. A HILIC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of seven organic acids in rat urine as biomarkers of exposure to realgar. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fumarate is cardioprotective via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Cell Metab 2012; 15:361-71. [PMID: 22405071 PMCID: PMC3314920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolite fumarate has been proposed to be cardioprotective; however, its mechanisms of action remain to be determined. To augment cardiac fumarate levels and to assess fumarate's cardioprotective properties, we generated fumarate hydratase (Fh1) cardiac knockout (KO) mice. These fumarate-replete hearts were robustly protected from ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R). To compensate for the loss of Fh1 activity, KO hearts maintain ATP levels in part by channeling amino acids into the CAC. In addition, by stabilizing the transcriptional regulator Nrf2, Fh1 KO hearts upregulate protective antioxidant response element genes. Supporting the importance of the latter mechanism, clinically relevant doses of dimethylfumarate upregulated Nrf2 and its target genes, hence protecting control hearts, but failed to similarly protect Nrf2-KO hearts in an in vivo model of myocardial infarction. We propose that clinically established fumarate derivatives activate the Nrf2 pathway and are readily testable cytoprotective agents.
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Jaklová Dytrtová J, Jakl M, Schröder D. Complexation of malic acid with cadmium(II) probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 90:63-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen L, Zhou L, Chan ECY, Neo J, Beuerman RW. Characterization of the human tear metabolome by LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4876-82. [PMID: 21800913 DOI: 10.1021/pr2004874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The tear film overlying the epithelial cells of the eye's surface is vital to visual function, and its composition is reflective of ocular surface health. The ultrasmall volume of tears poses challenges in its analysis, contributing to the limited number of reports on the tear metabolome. In addition, using a standard clinical method of tear collection posed some confounding factors in metabonomic analysis. We sought to establish an analytical platform for the global characterization of human tear metabolites. Following information dependent acquisition (IDA) directed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), isotope pattern matched peak mining was performed using Extracted Ion Chromatogram (XIC) manager within the PeakView software. Sixty metabolites representing diverse compound classes were identified in human tears, most of which have not been previously reported. Selected metabolites were verified using pure standards. Unsupervised chemometric analysis showed good separation between tear samples and blanks (PC1 = 87%, R(2) = 0.91, Q(2) = 0.87). The results demonstrated the potential of our platform for untargeted metabonomic studies of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Chen
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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Wang X, Sun H, Zhang A, Wang P, Han Y. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a sensitive and powerful technology for metabolomic studies. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3451-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Støttrup NB, Løfgren B, Birkler RD, Nielsen JM, Wang L, Caldarone CA, Kristiansen SB, Contractor H, Johannsen M, Bøtker HE, Nielsen TT. Inhibition of the malate–aspartate shuttle by pre-ischaemic aminooxyacetate loading of the heart induces cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 88:257-66. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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