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Tang S, Wang M, Peng Y, Liang Y, Lei J, Tao Q, Ming T, Shen Y, Zhang C, Guo J, Xu H. Armeniacae semen amarum: a review on its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical application, toxicology and pharmacokinetics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1290888. [PMID: 38323080 PMCID: PMC10844384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1290888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Armeniacae semen amarum-seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) (ASA), also known as Kuxingren in Chinese, is a traditional Chinese herbal drug commonly used for lung disease and intestinal disorders. It has long been used to treat coughs and asthma, as well as to lubricate the colon and reduce constipation. ASA refers to the dried ripe seed of diverse species of Rosaceae and contains a variety of phytochemical components, including glycosides, organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, terpenes, phytosterols, phenylpropanoids, and other components. Extensive data shows that ASA exhibits various pharmacological activities, such as anticancer activity, anti-oxidation, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammation, protection of cardiovascular, neural, respiratory and digestive systems, antidiabetic effects, and protection of the liver and kidney, and other activities. In clinical practice, ASA can be used as a single drug or in combination with other traditional Chinese medicines, forming ASA-containing formulas, to treat various afflictions. However, it is important to consider the potential adverse reactions and pharmacokinetic properties of ASA during its clinical use. Overall, with various bioactive components, diversified pharmacological actions and potent efficacies, ASA is a promising drug that merits in-depth study on its functional mechanisms to facilitate its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiarong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen Y, Zhang C, Wang N, Feng Y. Deciphering suppressive effects of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule on COVID-19 and synergistic effects of its major botanical drug pairs. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:383-400. [PMID: 37245876 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in excess deaths worldwide. Conventional antiviral medicines have been used to relieve the symptoms, with limited therapeutic effect. In contrast, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule is reported to exert remarkable anti-COVID-19 effect. The current review aims to: 1) uncover the main pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19; 2) verify the bioactive ingredients and pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule by network analysis; 3) investigate the compatibility effect of major botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule; and 4) clarify the clinical evidence and safety of the combined therapy of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs. Numerous bioactive ingredients in Lianhu Qingwen, such as quercetin, naringenin, β-sitosterol, luteolin, and stigmasterol, were identified to target host cytokines, and to regulate the immune defence in response to COVID-19. Genes including androgen receptor (AR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin (INS), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) were found to be significantly involved in the pharmacological actions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule against COVID-19. Four botanical drug pairs in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule were shown to have synergistic effect for the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical studies demonstrated the medicinal effect of the combined use of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and conventional drugs against COVID-19. In conclusion, the four main pharmacological mechanisms of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for managing COVID-19 are revealed. Therapeutic effect has been noted against COVID-19 in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Yang XY, Zhu YW, Fan L, Yi SY. A strategy combining chemical analysis and network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral solution in cough. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5592. [PMID: 36733235 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral Solution (XQZS) is a commonly used TCM formula to treat cough in children in China. Its complicated composition renders its chemical analysis and mechanism elucidation difficult. To evaluate the bioactive components and mechanism of XQZS against cough, we used a combination strategy of chemical analysis and network pharmacology. A UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS method was established for the identification and qualitative analysis of components of XQZS, and a total of 33 components were unambiguously identified. Aiming at identifying the components, network pharmacology revealed 107 potential targets related to cough. Using protein-protein interactions analysis, nine core targets were selected. Several cough-related pathways were enriched using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonergic synapse and dopaminergic synapse. The herb-compound-target-pathway network indicated that PTGS2 (COX-2) was the core target of XQZS against cough. To demonstrate the inhibition effects of the major components against the key target, a COX-2 inhibitor screening assay was used. Compounds P2, P4, P23 and P49 exhibited promising inhibition effects on COX-2 at 20 μm, with inhibitory rates of 55.80-69.87%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that XQZS may alleviate cough via the inhibition of PTGS2 (COX-2) and the regulation of the serotonergic synapse pathway. The chemical analysis and network pharmacology integrated evaluation provided an efficient strategy for discovering the key pharmacological mechanism of XQZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, AnHui, China
| | - Shan-Yong Yi
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, AnHui, China.,Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Anhui University, Lu'an, AnHui, China
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Wang X, Zhang J, Luo L, Song X, Wang P, Liu D. Comparative pharmacokinetics of 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after oral administration of Xuanfei Baidu granules. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115472. [PMID: 35718055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xuanfei Baidu prescription, consisting of 13 Chinese medicines, was formulated by academicians Boli Zhang and Professor Qingquan Liu based on their experience in first-line clinical treatment of COVID-19. Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD granules) are a proprietary Chinese medicine preparation developed based on Xuanfei Baidu prescription. It is recommended for the treatment of patients with the common wet toxin and lung stagnation syndrome of COVID-19. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of its major bioactive components in rats under different physiological and pathological conditions are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rapid and sensitive analytical method, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), was developed and applied to 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after oral administration of XFBD granules. We studied the metabolic process of XFBD granules in vivo to compare the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and model metabolic processes. RESULTS This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of 24 major components of XFBD granules following oral administration in normal and ARDS rats. Eight components, including ephedrine and amygdalin, were more highly absorbed and had shorter Tmax values than the model group; the absorption of six components, such as rhein, decreased in ARDS rats, and there was no significant difference in the absorption of ten components, such as verbenalin and naringin, between the normal and ARDS rats. The results showed that the peak times of other analytes were very short, and 80% of these target constituents were eliminated in both normal and ARDS rats within 6 h except for liquiritigenin and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and applied to 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after the oral administration of XFBD granules. This will serve to form the basis for further studies on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of XFBD granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Dailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China.
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Hao DC, Wang F, Xiao PG. Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and their Relevance Upon Traditional Medicine-based anti-COVID-19 Drug Research. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:374-393. [PMID: 35440304 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220418110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The representative anti-COVID-19 herbs, i.e. Poria cocos, Pogostemon, Prunus, and Glycyrrhiza plants, are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Diverse medicinal compounds with favorable anti-COVID-19 activities are abundant in these plants, and their unique pharmacological/pharmacokinetic properties are being revealed. However, the current trends of drug metabolism/pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of anti-COVID-19 herbs have not been systematically summarized. METHODS Here, the latest awareness, as well as the perception gaps of DMPK attributes, in the anti-COVID-19 drug development and clinical usage was elaborated and critically commented. RESULTS The extracts and compounds of P. cocos, Pogostemon, Prunus, and Glycyrrhiza plants show distinct and diverse absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/T) properties. The complicated herb-herb interactions (HHIs) and herb-drug interactions (HDIs) of anti-COVID-19 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb pair/formula dramatically influence the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) performance of compounds thereof, which may inspire researchers to design innovative herbal/compound formulas for optimizing the therapeutic outcome of COVID-19 and related epidemic diseases. The ADME/T of some abundant compounds in anti-COVID-19 plants have been elucidated, but DMPK studies should be extended to more compounds of different medicinal parts, species and formulations, and would be facilitated by various omics platforms and computational analyses. CONCLUSION In the framework of systems pharmacology and pharmacophylogeny, the DMPK knowledge base would promote the translation of bench findings into the clinical practice of anti-COVID-19, and speed up the anti-COVID-19 drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China.,Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Fan Wang
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Bai S, Li X, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhao L. The systematic characterization of multiple components and metabolic profiling of bioactive constituents in Yaobitong capsule by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5589-5607. [PMID: 34792513 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01564h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yaobitong capsule is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), which can effectively treat lumbar disc herniation clinically. However, the effective substances in Yaobitong capsule are still unclear due to a lack of metabolic studies. This poses a huge obstacle preventing the clinical safety assessment and quality control of Yaobitong capsule. In order to explore the metabolic landscape of the multiple components of Yaobitong capsule, this paper proposed a rapid and high-throughput UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS method for carrying out a systematic study, including analyzing the chemical ingredients in vitro and studying the metabolic processes in rat urine, feces, and bile after the oral administration of Yaobitong capsule. A total of 90 Yaobitong-capsule-related chemical components were characterized or tentatively identified in extract solution based on the retention behaviors, measured mass values, and fragmentation patterns. Furthermore, 49 related metabolites were detected in urine, feces, and bile samples. All metabolites were also identified with the help of the Sciex OS tool from these biological samples. The results revealed that triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids, monoterpene glycosides, and phthalides were the main chemical components of Yaobitong capsule. In addition, glucuronidation, hydroxylation, sulfation, and N-acetylcysteine conjugation were the main metabolic reactions in rats after the oral administration of Yaobitong capsule. The results indicated that the established method for multicomponent metabolism identification was appropriate, and the metabolic profiling of Yaobitong capsule provides abundant material for a wide range of further research; this is of significance for carrying out studies of pharmacodynamic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuru Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Xianhui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang 222001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang 222001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
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Ma JX, Xiao X, Zhou KF, Huang G, Ao B, Zhang Y, Gao WJ, Lei T, Yang L, Fan XC, Li WH. Herb pair of Ephedrae Herba-Armeniacae Semen Amarum alleviates airway injury in asthmatic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113745. [PMID: 33359859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ephedrae Herba (EH, Ephedra sinica Stapf.) and Armeniacae Semen Amarum (ASA, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.) have been used to treat asthma, cold, fever, and cough in China for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the optimal ratio of EH and ASA compatibility (EAC) to reduce airway injury in asthmatic rats and its possible mechanism. METHODS Rats were sensitized with a mixture of acetylcholine chloride and histamine bisphosphate 1 h before sensitization by intragastric administration of EAC or dexamethasone or saline for 7 days. Subsequently, the ultrastructure of rat airway epithelial tissue changes, apoptosis of the airway epithelial cells, and the expression of mRNA and protein of EGRF and Bcl-2 were detected. RESULTS Transmission electron microscope: EAC (groups C and E) had the most prominent effect on repairing airway epithelial cells' ultrastructural changes in asthmatic rats. TUNEL: dexamethasone and EAC (groups B、C、E and F) inhibited the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells in asthmatic rats (P < 0.05). In situ hybridization: EAC (group E) inhibited the overexpression of EGFR and Bcl-2 mRNA (P < 0.05).Western Blotting: EAC (groups A、B、C、E and F) inhibited the upregulation of airway epithelial EGFR and Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EAC can inhibit abnormal changes in airway epithelial structure and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells, thereby alleviating airway injury. In this study, the best combination of EH and ASA to alleviate airway epithelial injury in asthmatic rats was group E (EH: ASA = 8: 4.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Kai-Fang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
| | - Gang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362010, China
| | - Bo Ao
- Department of Pharmacy, CITIC Huizhou Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330002, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
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Zhao J, Yang X, Wang C, Song S, Cao K, Wei T, Ji Q, Zheng W, Li J, Zhou X, Liu J. Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction ameliorates inflammation in severe pneumonia of SARS-COV-2 patients with Yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome by eliminating IL-6 and TNF-a. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110436. [PMID: 32768938 PMCID: PMC7303599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the differences in inflammatory agents alterations, immune function, and leukocyte differential count evaluation in severe pneumonia of SARS-COV-2 patients with Yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome after the recommended Chinese medicine prescription of Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction. A total of 40 patients with yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome, diagnosed as severe pneumonia of SARS-COV-2 following the latest Chinese national recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 (the 5th edition), were recruited. They were randomly divided into the pure western medicine therapy group (PWM) and integrated into Chinese and Western medicine therapy group (ICW). The general strategies were given to both groups according to the national recommendations, and the ICW group was given Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction extraorally. A radioimmunoassay method was adopted to detect the content of IL-6, IL-8,IL-2R,TNF-α, procalcitonin (PCT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in sera. Flow cytometry was used to determine the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and the ratios of CD4+/CD8+). The white blood cell counts (WBC#), neutrophils count(N#), and lymphocyte counts (L#) were measured using a fully automatic blood rheological instrument. The t-test or Rank Sum Test and Spearman analysis were conducted to evaluate the differences. The results showed that IL-6 (P = 0.013) and TNF-α (P = 0.035) levels in the PWM group were significantly higher than those in the ICW group after treatment. Infection related indicators such as WBC#, N#, L#, hs-CRP showed no differences. The analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the values of CD4 and CD8 between the two groups. By the end of Day 29, all patients were discharged and the final cure rate for both group were 100 %. Taken together, we conclude that Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction could relieve inflammation of SARS-COV-2 patients with yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome by eliminating inflammatory agents. CM can serve as a complementary medication to western medicine, which should be highlighted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chenghua Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Taohua Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qiaoxue Ji
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wanqun Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Medical Virology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt 60596, Germany
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A Review of the Ephedra genus: Distribution, Ecology, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143283. [PMID: 32698308 PMCID: PMC7397145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephedra is one of the largest genera of the Ephedraceae family, which is distributed in arid and semiarid regions of the world. In the traditional medicine from several countries some species from the genus are commonly used to treat asthma, cold, flu, chills, fever, headache, nasal congestion, and cough. The chemical constituents of Ephedra species have been of research interest for decades due to their contents of ephedrine-type alkaloids and its pharmacological properties. Other chemical constituents such as phenolic and amino acid derivatives also have resulted attractive and have provided evidence-based supporting of the ethnomedical uses of the Ephedra species. In recent years, research has been expanded to explore the endophytic fungal diversity associated to Ephedra species, as well as, the chemical constituents derived from these fungi and their pharmacological bioprospecting. Two additional aspects that illustrate the chemical diversity of Ephedra genus are the chemotaxonomy approaches and the use of ephedrine-type alkaloids as building blocks in organic synthesis. American Ephedra species, especially those that exist in Mexico, are considered to lack ephedrine type alkaloids. In this sense, the phytochemical study of Mexican Ephedra species is a promising area of research to corroborate their ephedrine-type alkaloids content and, in turn, discover new chemical compounds with potential biological activity. Therefore, the present review represents a key compilation of all the relevant information for the Ephedra genus, in particular the American species, the species distribution, their ecological interactions, its ethnobotany, its phytochemistry and their pharmacological activities and toxicities, in order to promote clear directions for future research.
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Xin-Di H, Chang-Song D, Hao L, Shi-Wei X, Li-Song L. Research on Herb Pairs of Classical Formulae of ZHANG Zhong-Jing Using Big Data Technology. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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11
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Liu H, Zhao W, Hu Q, Zhao L, Wei Y, Pi C, Yang Y, Yang X, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Qu K, Shi X, Huang Y, Shi H. Gastric floating sustained-release tablet for dihydromyricetin: Development, characterization, and pharmacokinetics study. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1000-1008. [PMID: 31997907 PMCID: PMC6978620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural dihydroflavonol compound with quite a number of important pharmacological properties. However, its low solubility in water and poor stability in aqueous environment, have compromised drug efficacy of DHM, thus hindering its clinical use. The present study was to develop DHM-loaded gastric floating sustained-release tablet (DHM-GFT) to improve the bioavailability of DHM. DHM-GFT was prepared via powder direct compression. The formulation of tablet was optimized in terms of the floating ability and drug release rate. The optimized DHM-GFT exhibited short floating lag time of less than 10 s and long floating duration of over 12 h in acidic medium. It had a 12-hour sustained release of DHM, which proved its potential to develop as a twice-a-day dosing preparation. The physicochemical properties of DHM-GFT well satisfied the pharmacopoeial requirements. In addition, the results from pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that, DHM-GFT could considerably prolong the in vivo residence time of drug and improve the bioavailability via good gastric floating ability and sustained drug release when compared to DHM powder. Therefore, DHM-GFT is promising to promote the application of DHM and merits studies for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyan Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang M, Schiffers P, Janssen G, Vrolijk M, Vangrieken P, Haenen GR. The cardiovascular side effects of Ma Huang due to its use in isolation in the Western world. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Cardioprotective effects of total flavonoids from Jinhe Yangxin prescription by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in myocardial ischemia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Shi P, Lin X, Yao H. A comprehensive review of recent studies on pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (2014–2017) and perspectives. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 50:161-192. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1417424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, Bee Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Ding L, Qiu T, Chai L, Qiu F, Wang Z, Xiao W, Zhao L, Chen X. Systematic screening and characterization of multiple constituents in Guizhi Fuling capsule and metabolic profiling of bioactive components in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:474-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Zhou M, Hong Y, Lin X, Shen L, Feng Y. Recent pharmaceutical evidence on the compatibility rationality of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:363-375. [PMID: 28606807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbs have been used in China for thousands of years and are also becoming popular in Western medicine. Formulae of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which contain two or more herbs, can often obtain better curative efficacies and fewer side effects than single herbs. Though there are many reports on pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of TCM, there remains a serious lack of summarization and systemic analyses of these reported data to help uncover the compatibility rationale of TCM. This review therefore aims to provide such an overview mainly based on the reports published in the last decade. It could be served as an informative reference for researchers interested in compound prescriptions and holistic therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information was collected from various resources, including books on Chinese herbs, China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI), and international databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. RESULTS Thirty-six relevant TCM formulae were collected to illustrate the compatibility rationality of TCM from the perspective of pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, and/or pharmacodynamics. CONCLUSIONS Compatibility is a key characteristic of multi-herb prescriptions. It often results in the change of the therapeutic material basis and, thus, produces the effect of reducing toxicity and/or increasing curative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yanlong Hong
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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17
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Tang Y, Zheng M, Chen YL, Chen J, He Y. Pharmacokinetic Effects of Cinnamic Acid, Amygdalin, Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin on Ephedra Alkaloids in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 42:527-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Applications and challenges in using LC–MS/MS assays for quantitative doping analysis. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1307-22. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
LC–MS/MS is useful for qualitative and quantitative analysis of ‘doped’ biological samples from athletes. LC–MS/MS-based assays at low-mass resolution allow fast and sensitive screening and quantification of targeted analytes that are based on preselected diagnostic precursor–product ion pairs. Whereas LC coupled with high-resolution/high-accuracy MS can be used for identification and quantification, both have advantages and challenges for routine analysis. Here, we review the literature regarding various quantification methods for measuring prohibited substances in athletes as they pertain to World Anti-Doping Agency regulations.
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Song S, Ma Q, Tang Q, Chen F, Xing X, Guo Y, Guo S, Tan X, Luo J. Stereoselective metabolism of amygdalin-based study of detoxification of Semen Armeniacae Amarum in the Herba Ephedrae-Semen Armeniacae Amarum herb pair. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:356-366. [PMID: 26719286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Mahuang-Xingren (MX) herb pair, the combination of Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang in Chinese) and Semen Armeniacae Amarum (Xingren in Chinese), is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine formulations used to treat asthma and bronchitis. Although Xingren is considered to be toxic, MX is widely used in the clinic and has few adverse effects. The mechanism underlying detoxification of Xingren by Mahuang in MX remains unknown and merits investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the mechanism underlying detoxification of Xingren by Mahuang in MX. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxic effects were evaluated in mice after oral administration of Mahuang, Xingren, and MX aqueous extracts. Synergism, additivity, and antagonism were quantified by determining the CI (combination index) and DRI (dose-reduction index), which were calculated by the median effect method. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of bioactive compounds (ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and amygdalin) in aqueous extracts and data from previous pharmacokinetic studies in rats were combined to explore the potential mechanism of toxicity antagonism by the components of MX. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects of amygdalin and amygdalin activated by β-glucosidase (including different proportions of l-amygdalin and d-amygdalin) were also investigated. RESULTS Mahuang prevented and antagonized the acute toxicity of Xingren and allowed escalation of the Xingren dose. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the proportion of d-amygdalin was closely correlated with the antagonism of Xingren toxicity. The antagonism of its acute toxicity was primarily attributed to stereoselective metabolism of amygdalin. Interestingly, the process was facilitated by Mahuang, which led to reduced levels of the d-prunasin in vivo and thus reduced toxicity. Furthermore, the mechanism was also evaluated by testing the cytotoxicity of amygdalin. Metabolism of d-amygdalin was a major cause of cytotoxicity and no stereoselective metabolism occurred in culture medium. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive study of Xingren detoxification in the context of the MX combination suggested that stereoselective metabolism of amygdalin facilitated by Mahuang may be the crucial mechanism underlying detoxification of Xingren in the MX combination. Therefore, Mahuang acts to enhance and control the effects of Xingren in the MX combination. These results illustrate the rationale behind the combination of Mahuang and Xingren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qinhai Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qingfa Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Feilong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Xing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Renhe Affiliated Hospital to China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Shenshen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jiabo Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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Wang S, Sun L, Gu L, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhao LS, Bi KS, Chen X. The comparative pharmacokinetics of four bioactive ingredients after administration of Ramulus Cinnamomi-Radix Glycyrrhizae herb pair extract, Ramulus Cinnamomi extract and Radix Glycyrrhizae extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1270-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lijiao Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Simin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Long-shan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Kai-shun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; no. 3 Shenyang 110016 China
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Xin GZ, Hu B, Shi ZQ, Zheng JY, Wang L, Chang WQ, Li P, Yao Z, Liu LF. A direct ionization mass spectrometry-based approach for differentiation of medicinal Ephedra species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 117:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Xu GL, Geng D, Xie M, Teng KY, Tian YX, Liu ZZ, Yan C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Song Y, Yang Y, She GM. Chemical Composition, Antioxidative and Anticancer Activities of the Essential Oil: Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma, a Traditional Herb Pair. Molecules 2015; 20:15781-96. [PMID: 26343630 PMCID: PMC6332236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a classical herb pair in clinics of traditional Chinese medicine, Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma (HP CR-SR) is used for activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The essential components in HP CR-SR and its single herbs were comparatively analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data. 66, 22, and 54 components in volatile oils of Curcumae Rhizoma, Sparganii Rhizoma, and HP CR-SR were identified, and total contents accounted for 75.416%, 91.857%, and 79.553% respectively. The thirty-eight components were found in HP CR-SR, and not detected in single herbs Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma. The highest radical trapping action was seen by an essential oil of HP CR-SR (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.04 mg/mL). Furthermore, the HP CR-SR essential oil showed more remarkable cytotoxicity on tumor cell lines than that of the single herbs Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma in a dose-dependent manner: IC50 values showing 32.32 ± 5.31 μg/mL (HeLa), 34.76 ± 1.82 μg/mL (BGC823), 74.84 ± 1.66 μg/mL (MCF-7), 66.12 ± 11.23 μg/mL (SKOV3), and 708.24 ± 943.91 μg/mL (A549), respectively. In summary, the essential oil of HP CR-SR is different from any one of Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma, nor simply their superposition, and HP CR-SR oil presented more remarkable anticancer and antioxidant activities compared with Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ling Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Di Geng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Kai-Yue Teng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Tian
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Zi-Zhen Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yan Song
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gai-Mei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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