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Grillone K, Caridà G, Luciano F, Cordua A, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. A systematic review of non-coding RNA therapeutics in early clinical trials: a new perspective against cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:731. [PMID: 39103911 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has recently emerged as a promising strategy for treating malignancies and other diseases. In recent years, the development of ncRNA-based therapeutics for targeting protein-coding and non-coding genes has also gained momentum. This review systematically examines ongoing and completed clinical trials to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging landscape of ncRNA-based therapeutics. Significant efforts have been made to advance ncRNA therapeutics to early clinical studies. The most advanced trials have been conducted with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), miRNA replacement using nanovector-entrapped miRNA mimics, or miRNA silencing by antisense oligonucleotides. While siRNA-based therapeutics have already received FDA approval, miRNA mimics, inhibitors, and lncRNA-based therapeutics are still under evaluation in preclinical and early clinical studies. We critically discuss the rationale and methodologies of ncRNA targeting strategies to illustrate this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Caridà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Cordua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
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2
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Fonsi M, Fulbert J, Billat PA, Arbitrio M, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, Di Martino MT. Scaling approaches for the prediction of human clearance of LNA-i-mir-221: A retrospective validation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 7:100197. [PMID: 39188553 PMCID: PMC11345919 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
LNA-i-miR-221 is a novel microRNA(miRNA)-221 inhibitor designed for the treatment of human malignancies. It has recently undergone phase 1 clinical trial (P1CT) and early pharmacokinetics (PKs) data in cancer patients are now available. We previously used multiple allometric interspecies scaling methods to draw inferences about LNA-i-miR-221 PKs in humans and estimated the patient dose based on the safe and pharmacodynamic (PD) active dose observed in mice, therefore providing a framework for the definition of safe starting and escalation doses for the P1CT. The preliminary data collected during the P1CT showed that the LNA-i-miR-221 anticipated doses, according to our human PK estimation approach, were indeed well tolerated and effective. PD data demonstrated concentration-dependent downregulation of miR-221 and upregulation of its CDKN1B/p27 and PTEN canonical targets as well as stable disease in 8 (50.0%) patients and partial response in 1 (6.3%) colorectal cancer case. Here, we detail the experimentally evaluated PK parameters of LNA-i-miR-221 in human, using both a non-compartmental and a population PKs approach. The population approach was adequately described by a three-compartments model with first-order elimination. The recorded age, sex and body weight of patients were evaluated as potential covariates. The estimated typical population parameter values were clearance (CL = 200 mL/h/kg), central volume of distribution (V1 = 45 mL/kg), peripheral volume of distribution (V2 = 200 mL/kg, volume of the second peripheral compartment V3 = 930 mL/h/kg) and inter-compartmental clearance (Q2 = 480 mL/h/kg and Q3 = 68 mL/h/kg). Age was found to be a predictor of Q3, with a statistically significant correlation. This work aimed also at retrospectively comparing the measured plasmatic clearance values with those predicted by different allometric scaling approaches. Our comparative analysis showed that the most accurate prediction was achieved by applying the single species allometric scaling approach and that the use of more than one species in allometric scaling to predict therapeutic oligonucleotides PKs would not necessarily generate the best prediction. Finally, our predictive approach was found accurate not only in predicting the main PK parameters in human but suggesting the range of effective and safe dose to be applied in the next clinic phase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute of Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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3
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Zhang X, Sha C, Zhang W, Zhao F, Zhu M, Leng G, Liu W. Development and validation of an HILIC/MS/MS method for determination of nusinersen in rabbit plasma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31213. [PMID: 38799737 PMCID: PMC11126830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of the fully phosphorothioate modified oligonucleotide nusinersen. HILIC/MS/MS method is more robust and compatible with mass spectrometry than ion pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (IP-RP-LC/MS/MS). Various types and concentrations of additives and different pH of mobile phase affected the mass spectrometry response, chromatographic peak shape and retention of nusinersen. The optimized extraction method of nusinersen employs hydrophilic-lipophilic balance solid phase extraction, with a recovery of up to 80 %. Chromatographic quantification was performed using a gradient system on an amide column and the mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate, acetonitrile and water in a certain proportion. The fully phosphorothioate modified nusinersen can obtain a high mass spectrometry response by providing greater peak symmetry and high ionization efficiency in a high-pH mobile phase. Moreover, the significant carry over interference was observed at the pH 6.3 of the mobile phase. Adjusting the pH value up to 10, and the carry over interference disappeared. The lower limit of quantitation of this developed HILIC/MS/MS assay was 30.0 ng/mL and the method was systematic methodology validated. This HILIC/MS/MS method provides an attractive and robust alternative for the quantitative analysis of nusinersen and was applied in the pharmacokinetic study of nusinersen in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chunjie Sha
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Guangyi Leng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Wanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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Zhang X, Sha C, Zhang W, Zhao F, Zhu M, Leng G, Liu W. Development, validation and application of an ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of nusinersen. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:305-317. [PMID: 38334103 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The fully phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotide (OGN) nusinersen has low ionization efficiency in the negative ion mode, resulting in a low mass spectrometry response. There have been no relevant reports on developing a LC-MS method for the determination of nusinersen by optimizing mobile phase composition. Materials & methods: Mobile phase additives comprised of 15 mM triethylamine/25 mM 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol with a pH of 9.6. Nusinersen was extracted from plasma using Oasis® HLB solid-phase extraction (Waters, MA, USA). Results & conclusion: By adjusting the pH of the mobile phase to 9.6 by optimizing the type and concentration of ion-pair reagents, a high mass spectrometry response was obtained. The developed method was applied to nusinersen and met the requirements for the pharmacokinetic study of nusinersen in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology & Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chunjie Sha
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Guangyi Leng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery & Release Systems, Luye Pharmaceutical Group, Yantai, China
| | - Wanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology & Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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Bioanalysis of Oligonucleotide by LC-MS: Effects of Ion Pairing Regents and Recent Advances in Ion-Pairing-Free Analytical Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415474. [PMID: 36555119 PMCID: PMC9779676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (OGNs) are relatively new modalities that offer unique opportunities to expand the therapeutic targets. Reliable and high-throughput bioanalytical methods are pivotal for preclinical and clinical investigations of therapeutic OGNs. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is now evolving into being the method of choice for the bioanalysis of OGNs. Ion paring reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) has been widely used in sample preparation and LC-MS analysis of OGNs; however, there are technical issues associated with these methods. IP-free methods, such as hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and anion-exchange techniques, have emerged as promising approaches for the bioanalysis of OGNs. In this review, the state-of-the-art IP-RPLC-MS bioanalytical methods of OGNs and their metabolites published in the past 10 years (2012-2022) are critically reviewed. Recent advances in IP-reagent-free LC-MS bioanalysis methods are discussed. Finally, we describe future opportunities for developing new methods that can be used for the comprehensive bioanalysis of OGNs.
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Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Caracciolo D, Cordua A, Cuomo O, Grillone K, Riillo C, Caridà G, Scionti F, Labanca C, Romeo C, Siciliano MA, D'Apolito M, Napoli C, Montesano M, Farenza V, Uppolo V, Tafuni M, Falcone F, D'Aquino G, Calandruccio ND, Luciano F, Pensabene L, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. miR-221/222 as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention on cancer and other diseases: A systematic review. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1191-1224. [PMID: 35282417 PMCID: PMC8891816 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among deregulated microRNAs (miRs) in human malignancies, miR-221 has been widely investigated for its oncogenic role and as a promising biomarker. Moreover, recent evidence suggests miR-221 as a fine-tuner of chronic liver injury and inflammation-related events. Available information also supports the potential of miR-221 silencing as promising therapeutic intervention. In this systematic review, we selected papers from the principal databases (PubMed, MedLine, Medscape, ASCO, ESMO) between January 2012 and December 2020, using the keywords "miR-221" and the specific keywords related to the most important hematologic and solid malignancies, and some non-malignant diseases, to define and characterize deregulated miR-221 as a valuable therapeutic target in the modern vision of molecular medicine. We found a major role of miR-221 in this view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Cordua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Onofrio Cuomo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Caridà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Labanca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siciliano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Napoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Montesano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Farenza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Uppolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Tafuni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Falcone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Aquino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Luciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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7
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miRNAs and lncRNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071587. [PMID: 33808190 PMCID: PMC8036682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer onset and progression are promoted by high deregulation of the immune system. Recently, major advances in molecular and clinical cancer immunology have been achieved, offering new agents for the treatment of common tumors, often with astonishing benefits in terms of prolonged survival and even cure. Unfortunately, most tumors are still resistant to current immune therapy approaches, and basic knowledge of the resistance mechanisms is eagerly awaited. We focused our attention on noncoding RNAs, a class of RNA that regulates many biological processes by targeting selectively crucial molecular pathways and that, recently, had their role in cancer cell immune escape and modulation of the tumor microenvironment identified, suggesting their function as promising immunotherapeutic targets. In this scenario, we point out that noncoding RNAs are progressively emerging as immunoregulators, and we depict the current information on the complex network involving the immune system and noncoding RNAs and the promising therapeutic options under investigation. Novel opportunities are emerging from noncoding-RNAs for the treatment of immune-refractory tumors. Abstract Immunotherapy is presently one of the most promising areas of investigation and development for the treatment of cancer. While immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based therapy have recently provided in some cases valuable therapeutic options, the goal of cure has not yet been achieved for most malignancies and more efforts are urgently needed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate several biological processes via selective targeting of crucial molecular signaling pathways. Recently, the key roles of miRNA and lncRNAs as regulators of the immune-response in cancer have progressively emerged, since they may act (i) by shaping the intrinsic tumor cell and microenvironment (TME) properties; (ii) by regulating angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and drug resistance; and (iii) by acting as potential biomarkers for prognostic assessment and prediction of response to immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview on the role of ncRNAs in modulating the immune response and the TME. We discuss the potential use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers or as targets for development or clinical translation of new therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the potential combinatory approaches based on ncRNA targeting agents and tumor immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibodies or CAR-T for the experimental treatment of human cancer.
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Nuckowski Ł, Zalesińska E, Dzieszkowski K, Rafiński Z, Studzińska S. Poly(ionic liquid)s as new adsorbents in dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of unmodified and modified oligonucleotides. Talanta 2020; 221:121662. [PMID: 33076172 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked poly(ionic liquid)s were successfully used for the first time in the preparation of oligonucleotide biological samples. The adsorbents were prepared by co-polymerization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and divinylbenzene. Consequently, the following three adsorbents were prepared and comprehenzively characterized: poly(3-butyl-1-vinylimidazolium bromide-co-divinylbenzene), poly(3-hexyl-1-vinylimidazolium bromide-co-divinylbenzene) and poly(2-(1-vinylimidazoliumyl)acetate-co-divinylbenzene). Oligonucleotides were adsorbed onto the surface of these materials at low pH values. Preliminary studies of the desorption of the analytes included testing the influence of different types of salts, as well as their concentrations and pH, and organic solvents on the recovery. This allowed for determining the adsorbent and the desorption conditions for further optimization with the use of central composition design. The chosen adsorbent was poly(2-(1-vinylimidazoliumyl)acetate-co-divinylbenzene), and the optimal desorption conditions (5 mM ammonium acetate (pH = 9.5)/methanol (50/50, v/v)) gave a recovery of 99.7 ± 0.3%. The dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction procedure was successfully applied for the extraction of oligonucleotides with various modifications and lengths. Finally, the developed method was used to extract 2'-O-methyl oligonucleotide and its two synthetic metabolites from enriched human plasma without any pre-purification, yielding recoveries over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Nuckowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń Poland
| | - Ewa Zalesińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń Poland
| | - Krzysztof Dzieszkowski
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń Poland.
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9
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Wu A, Ji H, Li Y, Liu R, Hu Z, Ju S, Wang F. Establishment of a direct quantitative method for measurement of microRNA-224 in serum by UHPLC/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu R, Luo Q, Liu Z, Gong L. Optimizing sample preparation workflow for bioanalysis of oligonucleotides through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461473. [PMID: 32841769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has been a widely used technique for quantifying oligonucleotides in biological samples. However, lack of simple and efficient sample cleanup approach remains a challenge. Our study aimed to evaluate the major factors during the sample pretreatment process for developing optimal sample preparation workflow for oligonucleotides. In this study, we have employed a model formed with rat plasma containing a 16 mer oligonucleotide standard in order to comprehensively optimize the sample preparation procedures. These included liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), protein precipitation (PPT) and LLE combined with SPE. LLE with phenol: dichloromethane (2:1, v:v) was found to be the most efficient sample cleanup procedure with low cost and less toxicity. Followed by the extraction, ethanol precipitation (-80 °C, 5 min) was determined to be the optimal drying conditions. Also, mass spectrometric parameters were tuned to optimal conditions. It was found that the central composite design suite was proved to be highly practical for optimizing MS parameters. Finally, the thoroughly optimized sample preparation workflow was fully validated. The developed assay provided a quantitative range of 0.25-1000 nM, with accuracy and precision were < 7.45% and < 12.20%, respectively. Matrix effect and carryover were also evaluated and no significant effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Qing Luo
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Gong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
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11
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Franzoni S, Morbioli L, Turtoro A, Solazzo L, Greco A, Arbitrio M, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, Di Martino MT, Breda M. Development and validation of bioanalytical methods for LNA-i-miR-221 quantification in human plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113451. [PMID: 32659676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
LNA-i-miR-221, a 13-mer oligonucleotide, has proved favorable efficacy and safety profiles in the preclinical studies, leading to being approved for use in clinical trials by regulatory authorities. The objective of this study was to develop and validate LC-MS/MS methods to quantify LNA-i-miR-221 in human plasma and urine. Chromatographic separation was performed with a gradient system on HALO C18 column using hexafluoro-2-propanol/triethylamine buffer and methanol as mobile phase. LNA-i-miR-221 was detected on tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization source in negative ion mode. The methods showed good linearity within the calibration range of 50-25000 ng/mL and 50-50000 ng/mL for human plasma and urine, respectively. The methods proved to be accurate, precise and selective in both human matrices. These validated methods are reliable and are currently in use to support a first-in-human clinical trial of LNA-i-miR-221 in patients affected by refractory multiple myeloma and advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Franzoni
- ADME and Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Aptuit (Verona) Srl, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, Verona, Italy
| | - Lisa Morbioli
- ADME and Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Aptuit (Verona) Srl, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Turtoro
- ADME and Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Aptuit (Verona) Srl, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, Verona, Italy
| | - Lara Solazzo
- ADME and Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Aptuit (Verona) Srl, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Greco
- ADME and Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Aptuit (Verona) Srl, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- CNR-Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Massimo Breda
- ADME and Bioanalytical Sciences Department, Aptuit (Verona) Srl, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, Verona, Italy.
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12
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Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Caracciolo D, Scionti F, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Dose-Finding Study and Pharmacokinetics Profile of the Novel 13-Mer Antisense miR-221 Inhibitor in Sprague-Dawley Rats. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:73-85. [PMID: 32146420 PMCID: PMC7058714 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
miR-221 is overexpressed in several malignancies where it promotes tumor growth and survival by interfering with gene transcripts, including p27Kip1, PUMA, PTEN, and p57Kip2. We previously demonstrated that a novel 13-mer miR-221 inhibitor (locked nucleic acid [LNA]-i-miR-221) exerts antitumor activity against human cancer with a pilot-favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profile in mice and non-naive monkeys. In this study, we report a non-good laboratory practice (GLP)/GLP dose-finding investigation of LNA-i-miR-221 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The safety of the intravenous dose (125 mg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days, two treatment cycles, was investigated by a first non-GLP study. The toxicokinetics profile of LNA-i-miR-221 was next explored in a GLP study at three different doses (5, 12.5, and 125 mg/kg/day). Slight changes in blood parameters and histological findings in kidney were observed at the highest dose. These effects were reversible and consistent with an in vivo antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) class effect. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was established at 5 mg/kg/day. The plasma exposure of LNA-i-miR-221, based on C0 (estimated concentration at time 0 after bolus intravenous administration) and area under the curve (AUC), suggested no differential sex effect. Slight accumulation occurred between cycles 1 and 2 but was not observed after four consecutive administrations. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a safety profile of LNA-i-miR-221 in Sprague-Dawley rats and provide a reference translational framework and path for the development of other LNA miR inhibitors in phase I clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | | | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
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13
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Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Fonsi M, Erratico CA, Scionti F, Caracciolo D, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Allometric Scaling Approaches for Predicting Human Pharmacokinetic of a Locked Nucleic Acid Oligonucleotide Targeting Cancer-Associated miR-221. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010027. [PMID: 31861748 PMCID: PMC7017297 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
: LNA-i-miR-221 is a novel phosphorothioate backbone 13-mer locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide-targeting microRNA-221 designed for the treatment of human malignancies. To understand the pharmacokinetic properties of this new agent, including unbound/total clearance, we investigated the LNA-i-miR-221 protein binding in three different species, including rat (Sprague-Dawley), monkey (Cynomolgus), and human. To this end, we generated a suitable ultrafiltration method to study the binding of LNA-i-miR-221 to plasma proteins. We identified that the fraction of LNA-i-miR-221 (at concentration of 1 and 10 µM) bound to rat, monkey, and human plasma proteins was high and ranged from 98.2 to 99.05%. This high protein binding of LNA-i-miR-221 to plasma proteins in all the species tested translates into a pharmacokinetic advantage by preventing rapid renal clearance. The integration of these results into multiple allometric interspecies scaling methods was then used to draw inferences about LNA-i-miR-221 pharmacokinetics in humans, thereby providing a framework for definition of safe starting and escalation doses and moving towards a first human clinical trial of LNA-i-miR-221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)–Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB)–Section of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Fonsi
- Citoxlab France, a Charles River Company, 27005 Evreux, CEDEX, France; (M.F.); (C.A.E.)
| | | | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (D.C.); (P.T.)
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
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14
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Ultra-High-Performance Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with ESI-Q-TOF-MS for the Analysis of Unmodified and Antisense Oligonucleotides. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Nuckowski Ł, Kaczmarkiewicz A, Studzińska S, Buszewski B. A new approach to preparation of antisense oligonucleotide samples with microextraction by packed sorbent. Analyst 2019; 144:4622-4632. [PMID: 31245798 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00740g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our research focused on applying microextraction by packed sorbent to extracting antisense oligonucleotides from serum samples. The tested sorbents included poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene), octyl, octadecyl, and unmodified silica gel. As nonpolar sorbents were used for highly-polar molecules, this required ion-pair mode. Comprehensive optimization of extraction conditions was performed for 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. Several parametres - the number of "draw-eject" cycles during the conditioning and load step, the amine type and concentration, and the volume of elution mixture - and the influence they had on recovery were studied for nonpolar sorbents, which made it possible to obtain high (ca. 90%) recovery values. The most influential parameter turned out to be the volume of elution mixture. Similar optimization was performed for silica sorbents; however, despite optimization of various parameters, the recovery values stayed relatively low. The optimized procedures for nonpolar sorbents were applied in extraction of six different oligonucleotides of various length and with different structure modifications. The highest recoveries were obtained for octyl and octadecyl sorbents, ranging between 80-99%. The developed microextraction method was used to extract phosphorothioate and 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) oligonucleotides and their two synthetic metabolites from enriched human plasma, with recoveries around 70-80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Nuckowski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Anna Kaczmarkiewicz
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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16
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Palazzolo A, Feuillastre S, Pfeifer V, Garcia‐Argote S, Bouzouita D, Tricard S, Chollet C, Marcon E, Buisson D, Cholet S, Fenaille F, Lippens G, Chaudret B, Pieters G. Efficient Access to Deuterated and Tritiated Nucleobase Pharmaceuticals and Oligonucleotides using Hydrogen-Isotope Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4891-4895. [PMID: 30768844 PMCID: PMC6593778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A general approach for the efficient hydrogen-isotope exchange of nucleobase derivatives is described. Catalyzed by ruthenium nanoparticles, using mild reaction conditions, and involving either D2 or T2 as isotopic sources, this reaction possesses a wide substrate scope and a high solvent tolerability. This novel method facilitates the access to essential diagnostic tools in drug discovery and development: tritiated pharmaceuticals with high specific activities and deuterated oligonucleotides suitable for use as internal standards during LC-MS quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viktor Pfeifer
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | | | - Donia Bouzouita
- LPCNO; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPSInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées135, Avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Simon Tricard
- LPCNO; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPSInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées135, Avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Céline Chollet
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Elodie Marcon
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | | | - Sophie Cholet
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAUniversité Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAUniversité Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Guy Lippens
- LISBPUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, UPS135 avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPSInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées135, Avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
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17
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Palazzolo A, Feuillastre S, Pfeifer V, Garcia‐Argote S, Bouzouita D, Tricard S, Chollet C, Marcon E, Buisson D, Cholet S, Fenaille F, Lippens G, Chaudret B, Pieters G. Efficient Access to Deuterated and Tritiated Nucleobase Pharmaceuticals and Oligonucleotides using Hydrogen‐Isotope Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viktor Pfeifer
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Donia Bouzouita
- LPCNO; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPSInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées 135, Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Simon Tricard
- LPCNO; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPSInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées 135, Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Céline Chollet
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Elodie Marcon
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Sophie Cholet
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAUniversité Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRAUniversité Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Guy Lippens
- LISBPUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, UPS 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- LPCNO; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, UMR 5215 INSA-CNRS-UPSInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées 135, Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- SCBM, CEAUniversité Paris Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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18
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Kaczmarkiewicz A, Nuckowski Ł, Studzińska S, Buszewski B. Analysis of Antisense Oligonucleotides and Their Metabolites with the Use of Ion Pair Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:256-270. [PMID: 30612436 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1517034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been widely investigated as a potential drugs because of their ability to bind with the target DNA or RNA strands, which may lead to inhibition of translational processes. This review presents currently approved oligonucleotide (OGN) drugs and summarizes their modification types, mechanisms of action, and application of ion pair reversed phase liquid chromatography for the analysis. Special attention was paid to the stationary phases selection for the separation of OGNs and the impact of different compositions of mobile phases on retention and signal intensity in mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the application of ion pair liquid chromatography coupled with MS for the separation and determination of metabolites of ASOs was described. The type of matrix, time of analysis, lower limits of quantification and detection, as well as precision, accuracy, and linearity of developed methods have been included as part of this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kaczmarkiewicz
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Łukasz Nuckowski
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Sylwia Studzińska
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
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19
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Tozaki T, Karasawa K, Minamijima Y, Ishii H, Kikuchi M, Kakoi H, Hirota KI, Kusano K, Nagata SI. Detection of phosphorothioated (PS) oligonucleotides in horse plasma using a product ion (m/z 94.9362) derived from the PS moiety for doping control. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:770. [PMID: 30373660 PMCID: PMC6206624 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical research on gene therapy has advanced the field of veterinary medicine, and gene doping, which is the illegal use of gene therapy, has become a major concern in horseracing. Since the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities defined the administration of oligonucleotides and its analogues as a genetic therapy in 2017, the development of therapeutic nucleotide-detection techniques has become an urgent need. Most currently marketed and developed oligonucleotide therapeutics for humans consist of modified nucleotides to increase stability, and phosphorothioate (PS) modification is common. RESULTS We demonstrated the specific detection of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides (PSOs) using LC/MS/MS. PSOs produce the specific product ion (m/z 94.9362) derived from PS moiety. PS is not derived from endogenous substances in animal body, and the product ion is a suitable marker for the detection of PSOs. With our strategy, reproducible target analyses were achieved for identifying the specific substances, with a LOD of 0.1 ng/mL and a quantification rage of 0.1-200 ng/mL in deproteinated plasma. Non-target analyses could also detect the presence of PSOs selectively with 100 ng/mL in the same matrix. These results suggested that the detection of PSOs in horse blood is possible by targeting the product ion using LC/MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Tozaki
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Karasawa
- AB Sciex, 4-7-35 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0001, Japan.
| | - Yohei Minamijima
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishii
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - Mio Kikuchi
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - Hironaga Kakoi
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Hirota
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
| | - Kanichi Kusano
- Racehorse Hospital Ritto Training Center, Japan Racing Association, 1028 Misono, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3085, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Nagata
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsurutamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-0851, Japan
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20
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Santolla MF, Lappano R, Cirillo F, Rigiracciolo DC, Sebastiani A, Abonante S, Tassone P, Tagliaferri P, Di Martino MT, Maggiolini M, Vivacqua A. miR-221 stimulates breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through selective interference with the A20/c-Rel/CTGF signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:94. [PMID: 29716623 PMCID: PMC5930435 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by inhibiting the translation of target mRNAs. Among several dysregulated miRNAs in human cancer, the up-regulation of miR-221 has been associated with development of a variety of hematologic and solid malignancies. In this study, we investigated the involvement of miR-221 in breast cancer. Methods TaqMan microRNA assay was used to detect the miR-221 levels in normal cells and in MDA-MB 231 and SkBr3 breast cancer cells as well as in main players of the tumor microenvironment, namely cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). miR-221 mimic sequence and locked nucleic acid (LNA)-i-miR-221 construct were used to induce or inhibit, respectively, the miR-221 expression in cells used. Quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis were performed to evaluate the levels of the miR-221 target gene A20 (TNFAIP3), as well as the member of the NF-kB complex namely c-Rel and the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed to ascertain the recruitment of c-Rel to the CTFG promoter. Finally, the cell growth and migration in the presence of LNA-i-miR-221 or silencing c-Rel and CTGF by specific short hairpin were assessed by cell count, colony formation and boyden chambers assays. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results We first demonstrated that LNA-i-miR-221 inhibits both endogenous and ectopic expression of miR-221 in our experimental models. Next, we found that the A20 down-regulation, as well as the up-regulation of c-Rel induced by miR-221 were no longer evident using LNA-i-miR-221. Moreover, we established that the miR-221 dependent recruitment of c-Rel to the NF-kB binding site located within the CTGF promoter region is prevented by using LNA-i-miR-221. Furthermore, we determined that the up-regulation of CTGF mRNA and protein levels by miR-221 is no longer evident using LNA-i-miR221 and silencing c-Rel. Finally, we assessed that cell growth and migration induced by miR-221 in MDA-MB 231 and SkBr3 breast cancer cells as well as in CAFs are abolished by LNAi-miR-221 and silencing c-Rel or CTGF. Conclusions Overall, these data provide novel insights into the stimulatory action of miR-221 in breast cancer cells and CAFs, suggesting that its inhibition may be considered toward targeted therapeutic approaches in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Anna Sebastiani
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Adele Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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