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Stillger MN, Li MJ, Hönscheid P, von Neubeck C, Föll MC. Advancing rare cancer research by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging: Applications, challenges, and future perspectives in sarcoma. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300001. [PMID: 38402423 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI imaging) uniquely advances cancer research, by measuring spatial distribution of endogenous and exogenous molecules directly from tissue sections. These molecular maps provide valuable insights into basic and translational cancer research, including tumor biology, tumor microenvironment, biomarker identification, drug treatment, and patient stratification. Despite its advantages, MALDI imaging is underutilized in studying rare cancers. Sarcomas, a group of malignant mesenchymal tumors, pose unique challenges in medical research due to their complex heterogeneity and low incidence, resulting in understudied subtypes with suboptimal management and outcomes. In this review, we explore the applicability of MALDI imaging in sarcoma research, showcasing its value in understanding this highly heterogeneous and challenging rare cancer. We summarize all MALDI imaging studies in sarcoma to date, highlight their impact on key research fields, including molecular signatures, cancer heterogeneity, and drug studies. We address specific challenges encountered when employing MALDI imaging for sarcomas, and propose solutions, such as using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, and multiplexed experiments, and considerations for multi-site studies and digital data sharing practices. Through this review, we aim to spark collaboration between MALDI imaging researchers and clinical colleagues, to deploy the unique capabilities of MALDI imaging in the context of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Nicole Stillger
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mujia Jenny Li
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Hönscheid
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Christine Föll
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
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2
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Zhao Y, Jiang M, Liu M, Wang H, Wang W, Zhang T, Tian X, Hong L, Yang F, Wang Y, Zou Y, Yu H, Li Z, Yang W. Spatial Distribution and Characterization of the Small-Molecule Metabolites and In Situ Hydrolyzed Oligosaccharides in the Rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis by Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging and High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20372-20385. [PMID: 38055271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and spatial distribution studies of the metabolome in plants are crucial for revealing the physiology of plants and developing functional foods. Using the rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis as a case, we integrated desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) and high-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches aimed at characterizing and locating both the small molecules and the macromolecular polysaccharides. Under the optimal conditions, 21 flavonoids and 12 triterpenoids were detected and characterized in different tissues of the rhizome and another 19 components were characterized exclusively by DESI-MSI. Combined with hydrophilic interaction chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, eight different degrees of polymerization of oligosaccharides (after in situ acid hydrolysis) were characterized from the rhizome of G. uralensis. Majority of these metabolites are located in the cortex, phloem, and medulla, which lays the foundation for understanding the physiology of G. uralensis. The useful information can benefit the sustainable utilization and further development of Glycyrrhiza resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhao
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lili Hong
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yadan Zou
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
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3
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Lu W, Park NR, TeSlaa T, Jankowski CS, Samarah L, McReynolds M, Xing X, Schembri J, Woolf MT, Rabinowitz JD, Davidson SM. Acidic Methanol Treatment Facilitates Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Energy Metabolism. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14879-14888. [PMID: 37756255 PMCID: PMC10568533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Detection of small molecule metabolites (SMM), particularly those involved in energy metabolism using MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), is challenging due to factors including ion suppression from other analytes present (e.g., proteins and lipids). One potential solution to enhance SMM detection is to remove analytes that cause ion suppression from tissue sections before matrix deposition through solvent washes. Here, we systematically investigated solvent treatment conditions to improve SMM signal and preserve metabolite localization. Washing with acidic methanol significantly enhances the detection of phosphate-containing metabolites involved in energy metabolism. The improved detection is due to removing lipids and highly polar metabolites that cause ion suppression and denaturing proteins that release bound phosphate-containing metabolites. Stable isotope infusions of [13C6]nicotinamide coupled to MALDI-MSI ("Iso-imaging") in the kidney reveal patterns that indicate blood vessels, medulla, outer stripe, and cortex. We also observed different ATP:ADP raw signals across mouse kidney regions, consistent with regional differences in glucose metabolism favoring either gluconeogenesis or glycolysis. In mouse muscle, Iso-imaging using [13C6]glucose shows high glycolytic flux from infused circulating glucose in type 1 and 2a fibers (soleus) and relatively lower glycolytic flux in type 2b fiber type (gastrocnemius). Thus, improved detection of phosphate-containing metabolites due to acidic methanol treatment combined with isotope tracing provides an improved way to probe energy metabolism with spatial resolution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Lu
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Noel R. Park
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Connor S.R. Jankowski
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Laith Samarah
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Melanie McReynolds
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xi Xing
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica Schembri
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Morgan T. Woolf
- Department
of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Rutgers
Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Ludwig
Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shawn M. Davidson
- Lewis
Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Rutgers
Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Li X, He Y, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Spatially Resolved Molecular Imaging of Drug Disposition and Metabolomics. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1273-1283. [PMID: 37295949 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometric imaging is a nontargeted, tag-free, high-throughput, and highly responsive analytical approach. The highly accurate molecular visualization detection technology enables qualitative and quantitative analyses of biologic tissues or cells scanned by mass spectrometry in situ, extracting known and unknown multiple compounds, and simultaneously assessing relative contents of targeting molecules by monitoring their molecular ions and pinpointing the spatial locations of those molecules distributed. Five mass spectrometric imaging techniques and their characteristics are introduced in the review, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry-based techniques provide the possibility for spatial metabolomics with the capability of high throughput and precision detection. The approaches have been widely employed to spatially image not only metabolome of endogenous amino acids, peptides, proteins, neurotransmitters, and lipids but also the disposition of exogenous chemicals, such as pharmaceutical agents, environmental pollutants, toxicants, natural products, and heavy metals. The techniques also provide us with spatial distribution imaging of analytes in single cells, tissue microregions, organs, and whole animals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The review article includes an overview of five commonly used mass spectrometers for spatial imaging and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. Examples of the technology applications cover drug disposition, diseases, and omics. Technical aspects of relative and absolute quantification by mass spectrometric imaging and challenges for future new applications are discussed as well. The reviewed knowledge may benefit the development of new drugs and provide a better understanding of biochemical processes related to physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ximei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
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5
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Ma B, Zhang Y, Ma J, Chen X, Sun C, Qin C. Spatially resolved visualization of reprogrammed metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma by mass spectrometry imaging. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37620880 PMCID: PMC10464423 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming refers to tumor-associated metabolic alterations during tumorigenesis and has been regarded as one of the most important features of cancer. Profiling the altered metabolites and lipids in hepatocellular carcinoma with spatial signature will not only enhance our understanding of tumor metabolic reprogramming, but also offer potential metabolic liabilities that might be exploited for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. METHODS We perform matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) analysis on both hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft mouse model and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Discriminatory metabolites that altered during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are screened and imaged in xenograft mouse model and are further validated in 21 hepatocellular carcinoma patients. RESULTS We discover stepwise metabolic alterations and progressively increasing metabolic heterogeneity during the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. Arginine and its metabolites spermine and spermidine, choline and phosphatidylcholine metabolism, and fatty acids were found to be significantly reprogrammed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. CONCLUSIONS The spatially resolved profiling of the metabolites and lipids in highly heterogeneous hepatocellular carcinoma tissue will contribute to obtaining precise metabolic information for the understanding of tumor metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangzhen Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jiwei Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xinguo Chen
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Chengkun Qin
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Maciel LÍL, Bernardo RA, Martins RO, Batista Junior AC, Oliveira JVA, Chaves AR, Vaz BG. Desorption electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization as imaging approaches for biological samples analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04783-8. [PMID: 37329466 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of biological tissues can offer valuable information about the sample composition, which improves the understanding of analyte distribution in such complex samples. Different approaches using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), also known as imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), enabled the visualization of the distribution of numerous metabolites, drugs, lipids, and glycans in biological samples. The high sensitivity and multiple analyte evaluation/visualization in a single sample provided by MSI methods lead to various advantages and overcome drawbacks of classical microscopy techniques. In this context, the application of MSI methods, such as desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (DESI-MSI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MSI (MALDI-MSI), has significantly contributed to this field. This review discusses the evaluation of exogenous and endogenous molecules in biological samples using DESI and MALDI imaging. It offers rare technical insights not commonly found in the literature (scanning speed and geometric parameters), making it a comprehensive guide for applying these techniques step-by-step. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth discussion of recent research findings on using these methods to study biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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7
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Xu H, Hao Q, Liu H, Chen L, Wu R, Qin L, Guo H, Li J, Yang C, Hu H, Xue K, Feng J, Zhou Y, Liu B, Li G, Wang X. A concentration-descending washing strategy with methanol for the enhancement of protein imaging in biological tissues by MALDI-MS. Analyst 2023; 148:823-831. [PMID: 36637134 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a powerful approach that has been widely used for in situ detection of various endogenous compounds in tissues. However, there are still challenges with in situ analysis of proteins using MALDI-MSI due to the ion suppression effects of small molecules in tissue sections. Therefore, tissue-washing steps are crucial for protein MALDI tissue imaging to remove these interfering molecules. Here, we successfully developed a new method named the concentration-descending washing strategy (CDWS) with methanol (MeOH), i.e., washing of biological tissue with 100%, 95%, and 70% MeOH solutions, for the enhancement of endogenous in situ protein detection and imaging in tissues using MALDI-MS. The method of MeOH-based CDWS (MeOH-CDWS) led to the successful in situ detection of 272 ± 3, 185 ± 4, and 134 ± 2 protein ion signals from rat liver, rat brain, and germinating Chinese-yew seed tissue sections, respectively. By comparison, 161 ± 2, 121 ± 1, and 114 ± 2 protein ions were detected by three commonly used methods, i.e., Carnoy's wash, ethanol (EtOH)-based CAWS (i.e., concentration-ascending washing strategy, 70% EtOH followed by 90% EtOH/9% AcOH), and isopropanol (iPrOH)-based CAWS (70% iPrOH followed by 95% iPrOH), respectively, in rat liver tissue sections, indicating that 68.9 ± 3.1%, 124.8 ± 3.3%, and 138.6 ± 4.4% more protein ion signals could be detected by the use of MeOH-CDWS than the three abovementioned washing strategies. Our results show that the use of MeOH-CDWS improves the performance of MALDI-MSI for in situ protein detection such as the number and intensity of proteins. The use of MeOH-CDWS improves the fixation of proteins and thus reduces the loss of proteins, which significantly reduces protein delocalization in tissue and enhances the performance of MALDI tissue imaging of protein. Thus, the use of MeOH-CDWS improves the quality of protein images in tissue sections through MALDI-MSI and has the potential to be used as standard practice for MALDI tissue imaging of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qichen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Gaopeng Li
- General Surgery Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China. .,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Imaging & Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Hou Y, Gao Y, Guo S, Zhang Z, Chen R, Zhang X. Applications of spatially resolved omics in the field of endocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:993081. [PMID: 36704039 PMCID: PMC9873308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.993081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine tumors derive from endocrine cells with high heterogeneity in function, structure and embryology, and are characteristic of a marked diversity and tissue heterogeneity. There are still challenges in analyzing the molecular alternations within the heterogeneous microenvironment for endocrine tumors. Recently, several proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic platforms have been applied to the analysis of endocrine tumors to explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor genesis, progression and metastasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of spatially resolved proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics guided by mass spectrometry imaging and spatially resolved microproteomics directed by microextraction and tandem mass spectrometry. In this regard, we will discuss different mass spectrometry imaging techniques, including secondary ion mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and desorption electrospray ionization. Additionally, we will highlight microextraction approaches such as laser capture microdissection and liquid microjunction extraction. With these methods, proteins can be extracted precisely from specific regions of the endocrine tumor. Finally, we compare applications of proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic platforms in the field of endocrine tumors and outline their potentials in elucidating cellular and molecular processes involved in endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shudi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- General Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhao D, Yu P, Han B, Qiao F. Study on the Distribution of Low Molecular Weight Metabolites in Mango Fruit by Air Flow-Assisted Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185873. [PMID: 36144608 PMCID: PMC9505047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is a novel molecular imaging technique that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Air flow-assisted ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFAI-MSI) has received wide attention in the biomedical field because of its features such as not needing a pretreatment sample, having high sensitivity, and wide coverage of metabolite detection. In this study, we set up a mass spectrometry imaging method for analyzing low molecular metabolites in mango fruits by the AFAI-MSI method. Compounds such as organic acids, vitamin C, and phenols were detected from mango tissue by mass spectrometry under the negative ion scanning mode, and their spatial distribution was analyzed. As a result, all the target compounds showed different distributions. Citric acid was mainly distributed in the pulp. Malic acid, quinic acid, and vitamin C universally existed in the pulp and peel. However, galloylglucose isomer and 5-galloylquinic acid were predominantly found in the peel. These results show that AFAI-MSI can be used for the analysis of mango fruit endogenous metabolites conveniently and directly, which will facilitate the rapid identification and in situ characterization of plant endogenous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Yunyang County Agricultural Technology Service Center of Chongqing, Chongqing 404500, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture/Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-089866961395
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11
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Han Y, Zhao Y, Chen P, Wang L, Hu Q, Wang X, Sun C. On-tissue derivatization for isomer-specific mass spectrometry imaging and relative quantification of monosaccharides in biological tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340241. [PMID: 36038240 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spatially-resolved profiling of tissue monosaccharides not only gives an insight into the spatial heterogeneity of monosaccharides, but also helps to decipher the possible roles of monosaccharides in biological processes. Here, we develop an on-tissue derivatization method, coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to image and quantify the aldose and ketose isomers of monosaccharide in biological tissues. A new derivatization reagent, 1-naphthaleneacethydrazide (NAH) was synthesized for the on-tissue derivatization of monosaccharides, and it significantly enhanced the imaging sensitivity of monosaccharides. Moreover, the NAH-derivatized aldose and ketose can generate isomer-specific diagnostic ions during MALDI-MS/MS analysis, and thus paves way for the isomer-specific MS imaging of aldose and ketose monosaccharides. On this basis, we further constructed a quantitative MALDI-MS imaging model based on isomer-specific diagnostic ions, and calculated the expression contents of aldose and ketose monosaccharide isomers in different tissue regions of carrot section. We expect that the development of this method should provide more precise view on the spatial distributions and contents of different monosaccharides in heterogeneous biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yisheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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12
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Harkin C, Smith KW, Cruickshank FL, Logan Mackay C, Flinders B, Heeren RMA, Moore T, Brockbank S, Cobice DF. On-tissue chemical derivatization in mass spectrometry imaging. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:662-694. [PMID: 33433028 PMCID: PMC9545000 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) combines molecular and spatial information in a valuable tool for a wide range of applications. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is at the forefront of MSI ionization due to its wide availability and increasing improvement in spatial resolution and analysis speed. However, ionization suppression, low concentrations, and endogenous and methodological interferences cause visualization problems for certain molecules. Chemical derivatization (CD) has proven a viable solution to these issues when applied in mass spectrometry platforms. Chemical tagging of target analytes with larger, precharged moieties aids ionization efficiency and removes analytes from areas of potential isobaric interferences. Here, we address the application of CD on tissue samples for MSI analysis, termed on-tissue chemical derivatization (OTCD). MALDI MSI will remain the focus platform due to its popularity, however, alternative ionization techniques such as liquid extraction surface analysis and desorption electrospray ionization will also be recognized. OTCD reagent selection, application, and optimization methods will be discussed in detail. MSI with OTCD is a powerful tool to study the spatial distribution of poorly ionizable molecules within tissues. Most importantly, the use of OTCD-MSI facilitates the analysis of previously inaccessible biologically relevant molecules through the adaptation of existing CD methods. Though further experimental optimization steps are necessary, the benefits of this technique are extensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Harkin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Karl W. Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility (ICR)Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Faye L. Cruickshank
- Scottish Instrumentation and Research Centre for Advanced Mass Spectrometry (SIRCAMS), EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghScotlandUK
| | - C. Logan Mackay
- Scottish Instrumentation and Research Centre for Advanced Mass Spectrometry (SIRCAMS), EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghScotlandUK
| | - Bryn Flinders
- Screening Division, Mass Spectrometry, Hair DiagnostixDutch Screening GroupMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I)University of MaastrichtMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Tara Moore
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineNorthern IrelandUK
| | | | - Diego F. Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineNorthern IrelandUK
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13
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Zhu X, Xu T, Peng C, Wu S. Advances in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging Single Cell and Tissues. Front Chem 2022; 9:782432. [PMID: 35186891 PMCID: PMC8850921 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.782432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with conventional optical microscopy techniques, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) or imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful, label-free analytical technique, which can sensitively and simultaneously detect, quantify, and map hundreds of biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, lipid, and other organic compounds in cells and tissues. So far, although several soft ionization techniques, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have been used for imaging biomolecules, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is still the most widespread MSI scanning method. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of MALDI-MSI with an emphasis on its advances of the instrumentation, methods, application, and future directions in single cell and biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhu
- Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Xu
- Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Research Center of Siyuan Natural Pharmacy and Biotoxicology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shihua Wu, ; Shihua Wu,
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14
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Sun C, Ma S, Li L, Wang D, Liu W, Liu F, Guo L, Wang X. Visualizing the distributions and spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in Panax notoginseng by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:726-733. [PMID: 34764727 PMCID: PMC8569314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicinal herb used widely in China and many Asian countries. Its root and rhizome have long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and hematological diseases. Imaging the spatial distributions and dynamics of metabolites in heterogeneous plant tissues is significant for characterizing the metabolic networks of Panax notoginseng, and this will also provide a highly informative approach to understand the complex molecular changes in the processing of Panax notoginseng. Methods Here, a high-sensitive MALDI-MS imaging method was developed and adopted to visualize the spatial distributions and spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in different botanical parts of Panax notoginseng. Results A wide spectrum of metabolites including notoginsenosides, ginsenosides, amino acids, dencichine, gluconic acid, and low-molecular-weight organic acids were imaged in Panax notoginseng rhizome and root tissues for the first time. Moreover, the spatiotemporal alterations of metabolites during the steaming of Panax notoginseng root were also characterized in this study. And, a series of metabolites such as dencichine, arginine and glutamine that changed with the steaming of Panax notoginseng were successfully screened out and imaged. Conclusion These spatially-resolved metabolite data not only enhance our understanding of the Panax notoginseng metabolic networks, but also provide direct evidence that a serious of metabolic alterations occurred during the steaming of Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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15
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Zang Q, Sun C, Chu X, Li L, Gan W, Zhao Z, Song Y, He J, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Spatially resolved metabolomics combined with multicellular tumor spheroids to discover cancer tissue relevant metabolic signatures. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1155:338342. [PMID: 33766316 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatially resolved metabolomics offers unprecedented opportunities for elucidating metabolic mechanisms during cancer progression. It facilitated the discovery of aberrant cellular metabolism with clinical application potential. Here, we developed a novel strategy to discover cancer tissue relevant metabolic signatures by high spatially resolved metabolomics combined with a multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) in vitro model. Esophageal cancer MCTS were generated using KYSE-30 human esophageal cancer cells to fully mimic the 3D microenvironment under physiological conditions. Then, the spatial features and temporal variation of metabolites and metabolic pathways in MCTS were accurately mapped by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) with a spatial resolution at ∼12 μm. Metabolites, such as glutamate, tyrosine, inosine and various types of lipids displayed heterogeneous distributions in different microregions inside the MCTS, revealing the metabolic heterogenicity of cancer cells under different proliferative states. Subsequently, through joint analysis of metabolomic data of clinical cancer tissue samples, cancer tissue relevant metabolic signatures in esophageal cancer MCTS were identified, including glutamine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, de novo synthesis phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), etc. In addition, the abnormal expression of the involved metabolic enzymes, i.e., GLS, FASN, CHKA and cPLA2, was further confirmed and showed similar tendencies in esophageal cancer MCTS and cancer tissues. The MALDI-MSI combined with MCTS approach offers molecular insights into cancer metabolism with real-word relevance, which would potentially benefit the biomarker discovery and metabolic mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoping Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Limei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenqiang Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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16
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Zhang D, Bian Q, Zhou Y, Huang Q, Gao J. The application of label-free imaging technologies in transdermal research for deeper mechanism revealing. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 16:265-279. [PMID: 34276818 PMCID: PMC8261078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The penetration behavior of topical substances in the skin not only relates to the transdermal delivery efficiency but also involves the safety and therapeutic effect of topical products, such as sunscreen and hair growth products. Researchers have tried to illustrate the transdermal process with diversified theories and technologies. Directly observing the distribution of topical substances on skin by characteristic imaging is the most convincing approach. Unfortunately, fluorescence labeling imaging, which is commonly used in biochemical research, is limited for transdermal research for most topical substances with a molecular mass less than 500 Da. Label-free imaging technologies possess the advantages of not requiring any macromolecular dyes, no tissue destruction and an extensive substance detection capability, which has enabled rapid development of such technologies in recent years and their introduction to biological tissue analysis, such as skin samples. Through the specific identification of topical substances and endogenous tissue components, label-free imaging technologies can provide abundant tissue distribution information, enrich theoretical and practical guidance for transdermal drug delivery systems. In this review, we expound the mechanisms and applications of the most popular label-free imaging technologies in transdermal research at present, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and forecast development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Bian
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for New-Type External and Transdermal Preparations, Changzhou 213000, China
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Sun C, Liu W, Geng Y, Wang X. On-Tissue Derivatization Strategy for Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Carboxyl-Containing Metabolites in Biological Tissues. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12126-12131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanling Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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Sun C, Wang F, Zhang Y, Yu J, Wang X. Mass spectrometry imaging-based metabolomics to visualize the spatially resolved reprogramming of carnitine metabolism in breast cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:7070-7082. [PMID: 32641979 PMCID: PMC7330837 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New insights into tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming have provided novel vulnerabilities that can be targeted for cancer therapy. Here, we propose a mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)-based metabolomic strategy to visualize the spatially resolved reprogramming of carnitine metabolism in heterogeneous breast cancer. Methods: A wide carnitine coverage MSI method was developed to investigate the spatial alternations of carnitines in cancer tissues of xenograft mouse models and human samples. Spatial expression of key metabolic enzymes that are closely associated with the altered carnitines was examined in adjacent cancer tissue sections. Results: A total of 17 carnitines, including L-carnitine, 6 short-chain acylcarnitines, 3 middle-chain acylcarnitines, and 7 long-chain acylcarnitines were imaged. L-carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines are significantly reprogrammed in breast cancer. A classification model based on the carnitine profiles of 170 cancer samples and 128 normal samples enables an accurate identification of breast cancer. CPT 1A, CPT 2, and CRAT, which are extensively involved in carnitine system-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation pathway were also found to be abnormally expressed in breast cancer. Remarkably, the expressions of CPT 2 and CRAT were found for the first time to be altered in breast cancer. Conclusion: These data not only expand our understanding of the complex tumor metabolic reprogramming, but also provide the first evidence that carnitine metabolism is reprogrammed at both the metabolite and enzyme levels in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fukai Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jinqian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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The choice of tissue fixative is a key determinant for mass spectrometry imaging based tumor metabolic reprogramming characterization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3123-3134. [PMID: 32236659 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for the study of spatiotemporal alterations of the metabolites in tumors has brought a number of significant biological results. At present, metabolite profiling based on MSI is typically performed on frozen tissue sections; however, the majority of clinical specimens need to be fixed in tissue fixative to avoid autolysis and to preserve antigenicity. In this study, we present the global impacts of different fixatives on the MS imaging of gastric cancer tissue metabolites. The MSI performances of 17 kinds of metabolites, such as amino acids, polyamines, cholines, organic acids, polypeptides, nucleotides, nucleosides, nitrogen bases, cholesterols, fatty acids, and phospholipids, in untreated, 10% formalin-, 4% paraformaldehyde-, acetone-, and 95% ethanol-fixed gastric cancer tissues were thoroughly explored for the first time. Furthermore, we also investigated the spatial expressions of 6 metabolic enzymes, namely, GLS, FASN, CHKA, PLD2, cPLA2, and EGFR, closely related to tumor-associated metabolites. Immunohistochemical staining carried out on the same tissue sections' which have undergone MSI analysis' suggests that enzymatic characterization is feasible after metabolite imaging. Combining the spatial signatures of metabolites and pathway-related metabolic enzymes in heterogeneous tumor tissues offers an insight to understand the complex tumor metabolism. Graphical abstract.
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A spatially-resolved approach to visualize the distribution and biosynthesis of flavones in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113014. [PMID: 31812804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Imaging the spatial distributions and dynamics of flavones in heterogeneous plant tissues is significant for our understanding of plant metabolism. Here, we proposed a spatially-resolved approach to map the locations and biosynthesis of flavones in S. baicalensis. A total of 11 flavones, 5 flavone glycosides, 6 carbohydrates, and a variety of flavone synthesis-related metabolites were imaged. Most of these flavone-related metabolites presented stronger ion intensities in root phloem. The biosynthetic network of flavones and their glycosides in S. baicalensis were visualized for the first time. Moreover, we characterized the region-specific activities of four crucial enzymes in flavone synthesis pathway, including l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase, and flavone synthase. In line with the spatial characteristic of flavones, all these four enzymes exhibit higher activity in the root phloem of S. baicalensis. The combination of spatially-resolved metabolites and enzymes information greatly broadens our understanding of flavone biosynthetic network.
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