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Lan QY, Chan KCC, Au CT, Chan PHY, Chan NY, Wing YK, Li AM, Lam HS. Secular trends of sleep-wake patterns in Hong Kong preschoolers. Sleep Med 2023; 104:73-82. [PMID: 36898189 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the secular trends of sleep-wake patterns of Hong Kong preschool children. METHODS Kindergartens from the four geographical regions of Hong Kong were randomly invited to take part in a sleep survey in 2012 and again in 2018. The parent-completed questionnaire provided information on socioeconomic status (SES), children's, and parental sleep-wake patterns. Secular trends and risk factors associated with short sleep duration in preschoolers were explored. RESULTS A sample of 5048 preschool children was included in the secular comparison, with 2306 and 2742 from the 2012 and 2018 surveys, respectively. A higher percentage of children in 2018 (41.1% vs 26.7%, p < 0.001) did not achieve the recommended sleep duration. During the survey years, sleep duration decreased by 13 ([95%CI: 18.5 to -8.1]) and 18 min ([95%CI: 23.6 to -12.2]) on weekdays and weekends, respectively. The overall trend of nap decrease was not significant. Sleep onset latency significantly increased on both weekdays (6 min [95%CI: 3.5 to 8.5]) and weekends (7 min [95%CI: 4.7 to 9.9]). Children's sleep duration was positively correlated with parental sleep duration with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.16 to 0.27 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Hong Kong preschool children did not achieve the recommended amount of sleep. A downward secular trend in sleep duration was observed during the survey period. Public health measures to improve sleep duration in preschool children should be a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ye Lan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kate Ching-Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chun-Ting Au
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peggy Hiu-Ying Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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A Systematic Review of the Associations of Adiposity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Arterial Structure and Function in Nonclinical Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36150705 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the evidence on associations of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with arterial structure and function in nonclinical children and adolescents. METHODS Two researchers conducted a search in 5 electronic databases in April 2022 to find studies in nonclinical youth (age 5-17.9 y) reporting multivariable associations. Studies were eligible if adiposity and/or CRF were used as the predictor and arterial structure and/or function was the outcome. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess methodological quality for experimental studies, and a modified version was used for observational studies. RESULTS Ninety-nine studies (72.7% cross-sectional) were included. Ninety-four assessed associations between adiposity and arterial outcomes, most using overall body proportion (n = 71), abdominal (n = 52), or whole-body adiposity (n = 40). Most evidence was inconsistent or nonsignificant, but 59 studies suggested higher abdominal adiposity and worse body proportion were associated with adverse arterial outcomes. Twenty-one assessed associations between CRF and arterial outcomes, with findings inconsistent. Most evidence was rated weak in quality. CONCLUSION While high adiposity may contribute to poor arterial outcomes, evidence is limited regarding CRF. Future studies should disentangle these associations by studying youth with healthy adiposity but poor CRF, or vice versa, using longitudinal or experimental study designs.
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Bhagavan SM, Sahota PK. Sleep Fragmentation and Atherosclerosis: is There a Relationship? MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:272-276. [PMID: 34149089 PMCID: PMC8210987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sleep fragmentation refers to the disruption of sleep architecture with poor quality of sleep despite optimal duration of sleep. Sleep fragmentation has been shown to have multiple effects on different body systems. This article reviews the effect of sleep fragmentation on the rate of atherosclerosis which has been linked to comorbidities like myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery disease with an aim to educate patients regarding the importance of sleep hygiene and to incorporate a good amount and quality of sleep as life style modification along with diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin M Bhagavan
- Resident Physician in the Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri (UMC CM)
| | - Pradeep K Sahota
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurology and Director, Sleep Disorder Center, UMC CM
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