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Liu N, Zhang Y, Niu K, Lu F, Zhong D. Optical Control of Crossing the Conical Intersection in β-Carotene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9215-9221. [PMID: 37811837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical control of dynamic processes has been challenging yet has only been demonstrated in several chemical and biological systems. The control of a reaction passing the widely present conical intersection has not been realized. Here, we modulated the phase of the excitation pulse to control the dynamics of β-carotene through accessing the conical intersection (CI). We observed different dynamics in 110-220 fs into the CI and the consecutive process in 400-600 fs through another CI by various chirped excitation pulses. We successfully controlled those ultrafast wavepacket dynamics passing the CIs on the femtosecond time scales. The method developed here can be used to control a various of ultrafast chemical and biological reactions through the CI(s).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Program of Biophysics, Program of Chemical Physics, and Program of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Cai Q, Rice AT, Pointer CA, Martin MI, Davies B, Yu A, Ward K, Hertler PR, Warndorf MC, Yap GPA, Young ER, Rosenthal J. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysics of Pd(II) Biladiene Complexes Bearing Varied Substituents at the sp 3-Hybridized 10-Position. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15797-15807. [PMID: 34597507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A set of Pd(II) biladiene complexes bearing different combinations of methyl- and phenyl-substituents on the sp3-hybridized meso-carbon (the 10-position of the biladiene framework) was prepared and studied. In addition to a previously described Pd(II) biladiene complex bearing geminal dimethyl substituents a the 10-position (Pd[DMBil]), homologous Pd(II) biladienes bearing geminal methyl and phenyl substituents (Pd[MPBil1]) and geminal diphenyl groups(Pd[DPBil1]) were prepared and structurally characterized. Detailed electrochemical as well as steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic experiments were undertaken to evaluate the influence of the substituents on the biladiene's tetrahedral meso-carbon. Although all three biladiene homologues are isostructural, Pd[MPBil1] and Pd[DPBil1] display more intense absorption profiles that shift slightly toward lower energies as geminal methyl groups are replaced by phenyl rings. All three biladiene homologues support a triplet photochemistry, and replacement of the geminal dimethyl substituents of Pd[DMBil1] (ΦΔ = 54%) with phenyl groups improves the ability of Pd[MPBil1] (ΦΔ = 76%) and Pd[DPBil1] (ΦΔ = 66%) to sensitize 1O2. Analysis of the excited-state dynamics of the Pd(II) biladienes by transient absorption spectroscopy shows that each complex supports a long-lived triplet excited-state (i.e., τ > 15 μs for each homologue) but that the ISC quantum yields (ΦT) varied as a function of biladiene substitution. The observed trend in ISC efficiency matches that for singlet oxygen sensitization quantum yields (ΦΔ) across the biladiene series considered in this work. The results of this study provide new insights to guide future development of biladiene based agents for PDT and other photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Anthony T Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Craig A Pointer
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Maxwell I Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Brendan Davies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - An Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kaytlin Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Molly C Warndorf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Optical Projection and Spatial Separation of Spin-Entangled Triplet Pairs from the S1 (21 Ag–) State of Pi-Conjugated Systems. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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4
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Introduction to State-of-the-Art Multidimensional Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Methods. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Machnes S, Assémat E, Tannor D, Wilhelm FK. Tunable, Flexible, and Efficient Optimization of Control Pulses for Practical Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:150401. [PMID: 29756895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.150401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computation places very stringent demands on gate fidelities, and experimental implementations require both the controls and the resultant dynamics to conform to hardware-specific constraints. Superconducting qubits present the additional requirement that pulses must have simple parameterizations, so they can be further calibrated in the experiment, to compensate for uncertainties in system parameters. Other quantum technologies, such as sensing, require extremely high fidelities. We present a novel, conceptually simple and easy-to-implement gradient-based optimal control technique named gradient optimization of analytic controls (GOAT), which satisfies all the above requirements, unlike previous approaches. To demonstrate GOAT's capabilities, with emphasis on flexibility and ease of subsequent calibration, we optimize fast coherence-limited pulses for two leading superconducting qubits architectures-flux-tunable transmons and fixed-frequency transmons with tunable couplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Machnes
- Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elie Assémat
- Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Tannor
- Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frank K Wilhelm
- Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Quantum Control of Population Transfer and Vibrational States via Chirped Pulses in Four Level Density Matrix Equations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nairat M, Konar A, Lozovoy VV, Beck WF, Blanchard GJ, Dantus M. Controlling S2 Population in Cyanine Dyes Using Shaped Femtosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1876-85. [PMID: 26935762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fast population transfer from higher to lower excited states occurs via internal conversion (IC) and is the basis of Kasha's rule, which states that spontaneous emission takes place from the lowest excited state of the same multiplicity. Photonic control over IC is of interest because it would allow direct influence over intramolecular nonradiative decay processes occurring in condensed phase. Here we tracked the S2 and S1 fluorescence yield for different cyanine dyes in solution as a function of linear chirp. For the cyanine dyes with polar solvation response IR144 and meso-piperidine substituted IR806, increased S2 emission was observed when using transform limited pulses, whereas chirped pulses led to increased S1 emission. The nonpolar solvated cyanine IR806, on the other hand, did not show S2 emission. A theoretical model, based on a nonperturbative solution of the equation of motion for the density matrix, is offered to explain and simulate the anomalous chirp dependence. Our findings, which depend on pulse properties beyond peak intensity, offer a photonic method to control S2 population thereby opening the door for the exploration of photochemical processes initiated from higher excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath Nairat
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V Lozovoy
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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8
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Consani C, Ruetzel S, Nuernberger P, Brixner T. Quantum Control Spectroscopy of Competing Reaction Pathways in a Molecular Switch. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11364-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509382m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Consani
- Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruetzel
- Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Moore Tibbetts K, Xing X, Rabitz H. Laboratory transferability of optimally shaped laser pulses for quantum control. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:074302. [PMID: 24559348 DOI: 10.1063/1.4863137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal control experiments can readily identify effective shaped laser pulses, or "photonic reagents," that achieve a wide variety of objectives. An important additional practical desire is for photonic reagent prescriptions to produce good, if not optimal, objective yields when transferred to a different system or laboratory. Building on general experience in chemistry, the hope is that transferred photonic reagent prescriptions may remain functional even though all features of a shaped pulse profile at the sample typically cannot be reproduced exactly. As a specific example, we assess the potential for transferring optimal photonic reagents for the objective of optimizing a ratio of photoproduct ions from a family of halomethanes through three related experiments. First, applying the same set of photonic reagents with systematically varying second- and third-order chirp on both laser systems generated similar shapes of the associated control landscape (i.e., relation between the objective yield and the variables describing the photonic reagents). Second, optimal photonic reagents obtained from the first laser system were found to still produce near optimal yields on the second laser system. Third, transferring a collection of photonic reagents optimized on the first laser system to the second laser system reproduced systematic trends in photoproduct yields upon interaction with the homologous chemical family. These three transfers of photonic reagents are demonstrated to be successful upon paying reasonable attention to overall laser system characteristics. The ability to transfer photonic reagents from one laser system to another is analogous to well-established utilitarian operating procedures with traditional chemical reagents. The practical implications of the present results for experimental quantum control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Herschel Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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10
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Kosumi D, Nakagawa K, Sakai S, Nagaoka Y, Maruta S, Sugisaki M, Dewa T, Nango M, Hashimoto H. Ultrafast intramolecular relaxation dynamics of Mg- and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:034311. [PMID: 23883031 DOI: 10.1063/1.4813526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the photosynthetic pigment (Mg-)bacteriochlorophyll a and its Zn-substituted form were investigated by steady-state absorption∕fluorescence and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopic measurements. The obtained steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra of bacteriochlorophyll a in solution showed that the central metal compound significantly affects the energy of the Qx state, but has almost no effect on the Qy state. Photo-induced absorption spectra were recorded upon excitation of Mg- and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a into either their Qx or Qy state. By comparing the kinetic traces of transient absorption, ground-state beaching, and stimulated emission after excitation to the Qx or Qy state, we showed that the Qx state was substantially incorporated in the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of bacteriochlorophyll a. Based on these observations, the lifetime of the Qx state was determined to be 50 and 70 fs for Mg- and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a, respectively, indicating that the lifetime was influenced by the central metal atom due to the change of the energy gap between the Qx and Qy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kosumi
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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11
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Sharma D, Huijser A, Savolainen J, Steen G, Herek JL. Active and passive control of zinc phthalocyanine photodynamics. Faraday Discuss 2013; 163:433-45; discussion 513-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd20156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Kosumi D, Maruta S, Horibe T, Nagaoka Y, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Cogdell RJ, Hashimoto H. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of spirilloxanthin in solution and bound to core antenna complexes: Identification of the S* and T1 states. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4737129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Buckup T, Hauer J, Voll J, Vivie-Riedle R, Motzkus M. A General control mechanism of energy flow in the excited state of polyenic biochromophores. Faraday Discuss 2011; 153:213-25; discussion 293-319. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Kosumi D, Abe K, Karasawa H, Fujiwara M, Cogdell RJ, Hashimoto H, Yoshizawa M. Ultrafast relaxation kinetics of the dark S1 state in all-trans-β-carotene explored by one- and two-photon pump–probe spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Christensson N, Milota F, Nemeth A, Sperling J, Kauffmann HF, Pullerits T, Hauer J. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of β-Carotene. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:16409-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906604j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Christensson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Milota
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Nemeth
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Sperling
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald F. Kauffmann
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-21000, Lund, Sweden, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, and Ultrafast Dynamics Group, Faculty of Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040, Vienna, Austria
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Kosumi D, Kusumoto T, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Iinuma Y, Oka N, Takaesu Y, Taira T, Iha M, Frank HA, Hashimoto H. One- and two-photon pump–probe optical spectroscopic measurements reveal the S1 and intramolecular charge transfer states are distinct in fucoxanthin. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Pang Y, Prantil MA, Van Tassle AJ, Jones GA, Fleming GR. Excited-State Dynamics of 8′-Apo-β-caroten-8′-al and 7′,7′-Dicyano-7′-apo-β-carotene Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13086-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp905758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Matthew A. Prantil
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Aaron J. Van Tassle
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Garth A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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19
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Multidimensional spectroscopy of β-carotene: Vibrational cooling in the excited state. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 483:219-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Greenfield M, McGrane SD, Moore DS. Control of cis-Stilbene Photochemistry Using Shaped Ultraviolet Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2333-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801758v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Greenfield
- Dynamic and Energetic Materials Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - S. D. McGrane
- Dynamic and Energetic Materials Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - D. S. Moore
- Dynamic and Energetic Materials Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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Hauer J, Buckup T, Motzkus M. Quantum control spectroscopy of vibrational modes: Comparison of control scenarios for ground and excited states in β-carotene. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Controlling the efficiency of an artificial light-harvesting complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:7641-6. [PMID: 18509052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711927105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive femtosecond pulse shaping in an evolutionary learning loop is applied to a bioinspired dyad molecule that closely mimics the early-time photophysics of the light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) photosynthetic antenna complex. Control over the branching ratio between the two competing pathways for energy flow, internal conversion (IC) and energy transfer (ET), is realized. We show that by pulse shaping it is possible to increase independently the relative yield of both channels, ET and IC. The optimization results are analyzed by using Fourier analysis, which gives direct insight to the mechanism featuring quantum interference of a low-frequency mode. The results from the closed-loop experiments are repeatable and robust and demonstrate the power of coherent control experiments as a spectroscopic tool (i.e., quantum-control spectroscopy) capable of revealing functionally relevant molecular properties that are hidden from conventional techniques.
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Nuernberger P, Vogt G, Brixner T, Gerber G. Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2470-97. [PMID: 17508081 DOI: 10.1039/b618760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the progress in controlling quantum dynamical processes in the condensed phase with femtosecond laser pulses. Due to its high particle density the condensed phase has both high relevance and appeal for chemical synthesis. Thus, in recent years different methods have been developed to manipulate the dynamics of condensed-phase systems by changing one or multiple laser pulse parameters. Single-parameter control is often achieved by variation of the excitation pulse's wavelength, its linear chirp or its temporal subpulse separation in case of pulse sequences. Multiparameter control schemes are more flexible and provide a much larger parameter space for an optimal solution. This is realized in adaptive femtosecond quantum control, in which the optimal solution is iteratively obtained through the combination of an experimental feedback signal and an automated learning algorithm. Several experiments are presented that illustrate the different control concepts and highlight their broad applicability. These fascinating achievements show the continuous progress on the way towards the control of complex quantum reactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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