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Fang L, Huang R, Gong W, Ji Y, Sun Y, Gou S, Zhao J. A Self-Assembly-Induced Exciton Delocalization Strategy for Converting a Perylene Diimide Derivative from a Type-II to Type-I Photosensitizer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307414. [PMID: 37940626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type-I photosensitizers have shown advantages in addressing the shortcomings of traditional oxygen-dependent type-II photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypoxic tumors. However, developing type-I photosensitizers is yet a huge challenge because the type-II energy transfer process is much faster than the type-I electron transfer process. Herein, from the fundamental point of view, an effective approach is proposed to improve the electron transfer efficiency of the photosensitizer by lowering the internal reorganization energy and exciton binding energy via self-assembly-induced exciton delocalization. An example proof is presented by the design of a perylene diimide (PDI)-based photosensitizer (PDIMp) that can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) via a type-II energy transfer process in the monomeric state, but induce the generation of superoxide anion (O2˙-) via a type-I electron transfer process in the aggregated state. Significantly, with the addition ofcucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), the self-assembled PDIMp can convert back to the monomeric state via host-guest complexation and consequently recover the generation of 1O2. The biological evaluations reveal that supramolecular nanoparticles (PDIMp-NPs) derived from PDIMp show superior phototherapeutic performance via synergistic type-I PDT and mild photothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Uchacz T, Maroń AM, Szlachcic P, Danel A, Pokladko-Kowar M, Gondek E, Kolek P, Zapotoczny S, Stadnicka KM. Photoinduced charge transfer in push-pull pyrazoline-based chromophores - Relationship between molecular structure and photophysical, photovoltaic properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122643. [PMID: 37001263 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The manuscript describes the effect of molecular structure on the photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the pyrazoline-based donor-branched-π-system-acceptor compounds decorated with two end groups: phenyl or thiophene. Although the absorption to the first singlet excited state is strongly allowed, the emission quantum yield is low in all studied solvents. This behaviour was explained by the existence of two non-radiative deactivation channels: the back electron transfer process, especially operated in polar solvents, and internal conversion realized as the rotation of flexible rotors (cyano, keto phenyl or thiophene). The feasibility of the photoinduced electron transfer process was corroborated by electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical measurements as well as DFT calculations. DFT calculations also support the existence of multiple conformations in the ground state, which differ from one another in terms of charge distribution and the values of ground state dipole moment. Finally, the mechanism of the singlet excited state deactivation of the studied compounds was determined by ultrafast pump-probe measurements. Our studies revealed that charge/electron transfer process may undergo over carbonyl bridge, included in branched π-system. Moreover, the thiophene decorated pyrazoline is characterized by a better photovoltaic power conversion efficiency, while the phenyl-ended pyrazoline can be applied as a viscosity sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna M Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Danel
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Pokladko-Kowar
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gondek
- Faculty of Material Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kolek
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, 1 Pigonia Street, PL-35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Stadnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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A simple and efficient synthesis of 1,3,6-trisubstituted pyrazoloquinolines via intramolecular cyclization – optimization studies. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Grabka D, Kolbus A, Danel A, Kucharek M, Szary K. Stationary and time-resolved spectra analysis of pyrazoloquinoline derivatives with pyridyl moiety. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 193:492-498. [PMID: 29291578 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two derivatives of pyrazoloquinoline with pyridyl moiety: 6-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline (DMA-1PPhPQ) and 6-N,N-dimethyl-1,3-(di-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline (DMA-1,3PPQ) were synthesized with commercial substrates. The theoretical characterization of both compounds was done. Geometry optimizations give not flat structure with the first absorption band at the wavelength about 390nm for both compounds. Several electro-optical parameters were also calculated. The optical properties of DMA-1PPHPQ and DMA-1,3PPQ were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and stationary as well as time-resolved fluorescence. The fluorescence maximum and fluorescence quantum yield are strongly dependent on solvent polarity function. Results indicate CT fluorescence for both compounds. Because of high emission the investigated pyrazoloquinoline derivatives can be potential candidates for fabrications of electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Grabka
- Institute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Kolbus
- Institute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Danel
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka St. 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kucharek
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka St. 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Szary
- Institute of Physics, The Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
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Szlachcic P, Kucharek M, Jarosz B, Danel A, Stadnicka K. Facile and Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted 1
H
‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐
b
]quinolines from 2‐Fluorobenzaldehydes and 1
H
‐Pyrazol‐5‐amines. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szlachcic
- Institute of Chemistry at Faculty of Food TechnologyAgricultural University ul. Balicka 122 31‐149 Kraków Poland
| | - Mateusz Kucharek
- Institute of Chemistry at Faculty of Food TechnologyAgricultural University ul. Balicka 122 31‐149 Kraków Poland
| | - Bożena Jarosz
- Institute of Chemistry at Faculty of Food TechnologyAgricultural University ul. Balicka 122 31‐149 Kraków Poland
| | - Andrzej Danel
- Institute of Chemistry at Faculty of Food TechnologyAgricultural University ul. Balicka 122 31‐149 Kraków Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnicka
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University ul. Ingardena 3 30‐060 Kraków Poland
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Mac M, Uchacz T, Danel A, Musiolik H. Applications of fluorescent sensor based on 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline in analytical chemistry. J Fluoresc 2013; 23:1207-15. [PMID: 23813235 PMCID: PMC3824276 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-013-1251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent dye 2-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolin-6-ylmethyl)-amino]ethanol (LL1) was examined for its efficiency in the detection of small inorganic cations (lithium, sodium, barium, calcium, magnesium, cadmium, lead and zinc). The dye was synthesized in the laboratory and investigated by means of both, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. This compound acts as a fluorescent sensor suitable for detection of small inorganic cations (lithium, sodium, barium, calcium, magnesium, cadmium, lead and zinc) in strongly polar solvent (acetonitrile). An electron transfer from the electro-donative part (receptor) of the molecule to the acceptor part (fluorophore) is thought to be the main mechanism that underlies functionality of the compound as a sensor. This process can be retarded upon complexation of the receptor moiety by inorganic cations. Relatively high sensitivity but poor selectivity of the aminoalcohol thatcontains indicator towards the two-valued cations was observed. However, upon addition of some amounts of water the selectivity of this sensor has been enhanced (especially towards lead cation). The preliminary results in analytical application of the sensor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Mac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Several Novel Annulated Azulene and Azafluoranthene Based Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:443-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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