1
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Zhang G, He L, Qi X, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Liu M, Ding Z, Wang Z, Prakash S. Decreased formulation pH and protein preheating treatment enhance the interaction, storage stability, and bioaccessibility of caseinate-bound lutein/zeaxanthin. Food Res Int 2024; 195:114971. [PMID: 39277268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Heat treatment and pH are crucial factors in the formulation and processing of food and beverages; thus, a thorough understanding of the impact of these factors on the interactions between bioactive constituents and proteins is essential to developing effective protein-based delivery systems. This study explores the influences of pH (ranged from 1.5 to 7.5) and preheating treatment on the characteristics of caseinates-lutein (LU)/zeaxanthin (ZX) complexes and evaluates the potential application of caseinates as protective carriers in xanthophyll-fortified beverages. The properties and interactions of caseinates and two xanthophylls were systematically investigated utilizing a range of spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Caseinates were bound to LU/ZX with a binding constant of the order 105 M-1. Furthermore, ZX exhibited a higher affinity for caseinates than LU. In particular, the decreased pH level of complex formulation and the preheating of caseinates at 85 °C strengthened the binding affinity between LU/ZX and caseinates. The caseinate-LU/ZX complexes effectively improved the chemical stability of LU/ZX and achieved a bioaccessibility rate of over 70 %. This study provides a guide for developing commercially available xanthophyll-fortified beverages and further expanding the application of caseinates as encapsulation carriers for extremely hydrophobic nutrients in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Linlin He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Liaocheng High-Tech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Shandong Liang-Jian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; Shandong Liang-Jian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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2
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Banik SP, Kumar P, Basak P, Goel A, Ohia SE, Bagchi M, Chakraborty S, Kundu A, Bagchi D. A critical insight into the physicochemical stability of macular carotenoids with respect to their industrial production, safety profile, targeted tissue delivery, and bioavailability. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39252190 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2401924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin, collectively termed as macular pigments, are key carotenoids integral to optimized central vision of the eye. Therefore, nutraceuticals and functional foods have been developed commercially using carotenoid rich flowers, such as marigold and calendula or single celled photosynthetic algae, such as the Dunaliella. Industrial formulation of such products enriched in macular pigments have often suffered from serious bottlenecks in stability, delivery, and bioavailability. The two chief factors largely responsible for decreasing the shelf-life have been solubility and oxidation of these pigments owing to their strong lipophilic nature and presence of conjugated double bonds. In this regard, oil-based formulations have often been found to be more suitable than powder-based formulations in terms of shelf life and targeted delivery. In some cases, addition of phenolic acids in the formulations have also augmented the product value by enhancing micellization. In this regard, a novel proprietary formulation of these pigments has been developed in our laboratory utilizing marigold extracts in a colloidal solution of extra virgin olive oil and canola oil fortified with antioxidants like thyme oil, tocopherol, and ascorbyl palmitate. This review article presents an updated insight into the stability and bioavailability of industrially manufactured macular carotenoids together with their safety and solubility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Pijush Basak
- Jagadis Bose National Science Talent Search, Kolkata, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, India
| | - Sunny E Ohia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Arijit Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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3
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Udensi J, Loskutova E, Loughman J, Byrne HJ. Raman spectroscopic analysis of human blood serum of glaucoma patients supplemented with macular pigment carotenoids. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400060. [PMID: 38937976 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As all major dietary carotenoids are contained in blood, it is a suitable substrate to evaluate their content, in vivo. Following 18-month supplementation of open-angle glaucoma patients with macula-pigment carotenoids (Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-Zeaxanthin) in the European Nutrition in Glaucoma Management trial, Raman spectroscopic analysis of the carotenoid content of pre- and post-supplementation participant blood serum was carried out, to investigate the systemic impact of the supplementation regimen and explore a more direct way of quantifying this impact using routine blood tests. Using a 532 nm laser source for optimal response, a consistent increase in serum carotenoid concentration was observed in the supplemented serum, highest in patients with initial high baseline carotenoid content. A shift in the 1519 cm-1 carotenoid peak also revealed differences in the carotenoid structural profile of the two groups. The findings highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy toquantify and differentiate carotenoids directly in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Hachlica N, Stefańska M, Mach M, Kowalska M, Wydro P, Domagała A, Kessler J, Zając G, Kaczor A. Organization of Carotenoid Aggregates in Membranes Studied Selectively using Resonance Raman Optical Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306707. [PMID: 38247201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In living organisms, carotenoids are incorporated in biomembranes, remarkably modulating their mechanical characteristics, fluidity, and permeability. Significant resonance enhancement of Raman optical activity (ROA) signals of carotenoid chiral aggregates makes resonance ROA (RROA), a highly selective tool to study exclusively carotenoid assemblies in model membranes. Hence, RROA is combined with electronic circular dichroism (ECD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), molecular dynamics, and quantum-chemical calculations to shed new light on the carotenoid aggregation in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes. Using representative members of the carotenoid family: apolar α-carotene and more polar fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin, the authors demonstrate that the stability of carotenoid aggregates is directly linked with their orientation in membranes and the monomer structures inside the assemblies. In particular, polyene chain distortion of α-carotene molecules is an important feature of J-aggregates that show increased orientational freedom and stability inside liposomes compared to H-assemblies of more polar xanthophylls. In light of these results, RROA emerges as a new tool to study active compounds and drugs embedded in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Hachlica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Marta Stefańska
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Marzena Mach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Pawel Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domagała
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzyńskiego 14, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Jiři Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namestı 2, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Zając
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzyńskiego 14, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow, 30-387, Poland
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5
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Zhang G, Qi X, He L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Han J, Wang Z, Ding Z, Liu M. Non-covalent complexes of lutein/zeaxanthin and whey protein isolate formed at different pH levels: Binding interactions, storage stabilities, and bioaccessibilities. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100778. [PMID: 38854501 PMCID: PMC11157214 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zx) are promising healthy food ingredients; however, the low solubilities, stabilities, and bioavailabilities limit their applications in the food and beverage industries. A protein-based complex represents an efficient protective carrier for hydrophobic ligands, and its ligand-binding properties are influenced by the formulation conditions, particularly the pH level. This study explored the effects of various pH values (2.5-9.5) on the characteristics of whey protein isolate (WPI)-Lut/Zx complexes using multiple spectroscopic techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies and dynamic light scattering (DLS). UV-Vis and DLS spectra revealed that Lut/Zx were present as H-aggregates in aqueous solutions, whereas WPI occurred as nanoparticles. The produced WPI-Lut/Zx complexes exhibited binding constants of 104-105 M-1, which gradually increased with increasing pH from 2.5 to 9.5. FTIR spectra demonstrated that pH variations and Lut/Zx addition caused detectable changes in the secondary WPI structure. Moreover, the WPI-Lut/Zx complexes effectively improved the physicochemical stabilities and antioxidant activities of Lut/Zx aggregates during long-term storage and achieved bioaccessibilities above 70% in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion process. The comprehensive data obtained in this study offer a basis for formulating strategies that can be potentially used in developing commercially available WPI complex-based xanthophyll-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Linlin He
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
- Liaocheng High-Tech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Qingpeng Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
- Liaocheng High-Tech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
- Shandong Liang-Jian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
- Shandong Liang-Jian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
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6
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Luna-Finkler CL, Gomes ADC, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, Ribeiro E, de Melo Barbosa R, Severino P, Santini A, Souto EB. From Extraction to Stabilization: Employing a 2 2 Experimental Design in Developing Nutraceutical-Grade Bixin from Bixa orellana L. Foods 2024; 13:1622. [PMID: 38890850 PMCID: PMC11171483 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bixin is the main carotenoid found in the outer portion of the seeds of Bixa orellana L., commercially known as annatto. This compound is industrially employed in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations as a natural dye to replace chemical additives. This study aimed to extract bixin from annatto seeds and obtain encapsulated bixin in a powder form, using freeze-drying encapsulation and maltodextrin as encapsulating agent. Bixin was extracted from annatto seeds employing successive washing with organic solvents, specifically hexane and methanol (1:1 v/v), followed by ethyl acetate and dichloromethane for subsequent washes, to effectively remove impurities and enhance bixin purity, and subsequent purification by crystallization, reaching 1.5 ± 0.2% yield (or approximately 15 mg of bixin per gram of seeds). Bixin was analyzed spectrophotometrically in different organic solvents (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethylsulfoxide, chloroform, hexane), and the solvents chosen were chloroform (used to solubilize bixin during microencapsulation) and hexane (used for spectrophotometric determination of bixin). Bixin was encapsulated according to a 22 experimental design to investigate the influence of the concentration of maltodextrin (20 to 40%) and bixin-to-matrix ratio (1:20 to 1:40) on the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and solubility of the encapsulated powder. Higher encapsulation efficiency was obtained at a maltodextrin concentration of 40% w/v and a bixin/maltodextrin ratio of 1:20, while higher solubility was observed at a maltodextrin concentration of 20% w/v for the same bixin/maltodextrin ratio. The encapsulation of this carotenoid by means of freeze-drying is thus recognized as an innovative and promising approach to improve its stability for further processing in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Luna-Finkler
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.L.-F.); (E.R.)
| | - Aralí da C. Gomes
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-250, PE, Brazil; (A.d.C.G.); (F.C.A.d.A.J.)
| | - Francisco C. A. de Aguiar Júnior
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-250, PE, Brazil; (A.d.C.G.); (F.C.A.d.A.J.)
| | - Ester Ribeiro
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil; (C.L.L.-F.); (E.R.)
| | - Raquel de Melo Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, C/Professor García González, 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, PE, Brazil;
- Industrial Biotechnology Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, PE, Brazil
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
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7
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Halat M, Zając G, Andrushchenko V, Bouř P, Baranski R, Pajor K, Baranska M. Induced Chirality in Canthaxanthin Aggregates Reveals Multiple Levels of Supramolecular Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402449. [PMID: 38517385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids tend to form supramolecular aggregates via non-covalent interactions where the chirality of individual molecules is amplified to the macroscopic level. We show that this can also be achieved for non-chiral carotenoid monomers interacting with polysaccharides. The chirality induction in canthaxanthin (CAX), caused by heparin (HP) and hyaluronic acid (HA), was monitored by chiroptical spectroscopy. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra indicated the presence of multiple carotenoid formations, such as H- and J-type aggregates. This is consistent with molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations of the supramolecular structures and their spectroscopic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Halat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zając
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Valery Andrushchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pajor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Peng B, Wang Z, Jiang J, Huang Y, Liu W. Investigation of ultrafast intermediate states during singlet fission in lycopene H-aggregate using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:194304. [PMID: 38757619 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The singlet fission process involves the conversion of one singlet excited state into two triplet states, which has significant potential for enhancing the energy utilization efficiency of solar cells. Carotenoid, a typical π conjugated chromophore, exhibits specific aggregate morphologies known to display singlet fission behavior. In this study, we investigate the singlet fission process in lycopene H-aggregates using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy aided by quantum chemical calculation. The experimental results reveal two reaction pathways that effectively relax the S2 (11Bu+) state populations in lycopene H-aggregates: a monomer-like singlet excited state relaxation pathway through S2 (11Bu+) → 11Bu- → S1 (21Ag-) and a dominant sequential singlet fission reaction pathway involving the S2 (11Bu+) state, followed by S* state, a triplet pair state [1(TT)], eventually leading to a long lifetime triplet state T1. Importantly, the presence of both anionic and cationic fingerprint Raman peaks in the S* state is indicative of a substantial charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiaming Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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9
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Kirchner P, Schramm L, Ivanova S, Shoyama K, Würthner F, Beuerle F. A Water-Stable Boronate Ester Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5305-5315. [PMID: 38325811 PMCID: PMC10910528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The reversible condensation of catechols and boronic acids to boronate esters is a paradigm reaction in dynamic covalent chemistry. However, facile backward hydrolysis is detrimental for stability and has so far prevented applications for boronate-based materials. Here, we introduce cubic boronate ester cages 6 derived from hexahydroxy tribenzotriquinacenes and phenylene diboronic acids with ortho-t-butyl substituents. Due to steric shielding, dynamic exchange at the Lewis acidic boron sites is feasible only under acid or base catalysis but fully prevented at neutral conditions. For the first time, boronate ester cages 6 tolerate substantial amounts of water or alcohols both in solution and solid state. The unprecedented applicability of these materials under ambient and aqueous conditions is showcased by efficient encapsulation and on-demand release of β-carotene dyes and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis after the encapsulation of ruthenium catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp
H. Kirchner
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Louis Schramm
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Florian Beuerle
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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10
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Dong J, Wang P. Discovery of ultra-weakly coupled β-carotene J-aggregates by machine learning. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123950. [PMID: 38277780 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoid aggregates are omnipresent in natural world and can be synthesized in hydrophilic environments. Despite different types of carotenoid aggregates have been reported hitherto, the way to predict the formation of carotenoid aggregates, i.e. H- or J-aggregates, is still challenging. Here, for the first time, we established machine learning models that can predict the formation behavior of carotenoid aggregates. The models are trained based on a database containing different types of carotenoid aggregates reported in the literatures. With the help of these machine learning models, we found a series of unknown types of β-carotene J-aggregates. These novel aggregates are ultra-weakly coupled and have absorption bands up to 700 nm, different from all the carotenoid aggregates reported previously. Our work demonstrates that the machine learning is a powerful tool to predict the formation behavior of carotenoid aggregates and can further lead into the discovery of new carotenoid aggregates for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wu Z, Tang X, Liu S, Li S, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang X, Li H. Mechanism underlying joint loading and controlled release of β-carotene and curcumin by octenylsuccinated Gastrodia elata starch aggregates. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113136. [PMID: 37689900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate a novel codelivery system to simultaneously load β-carotene and curcumin in a controlled and synergistic manner. We hypothesized that the aggregates of octenylsuccinated Gastrodia elata starch (OSGES) could efficiently load and control the release of β-carotene and curcumin in combination. Mechanisms underlying the self-assembly of OSGES, coloading, and corelease of β-carotene and curcumin by relevant aggregates were studied. The OSGES could form aggregates with a size of 120.2 nm containing hydrophobic domains surrounded by hydrophilic domains. For coloading, the increased solubilities were attributed to favorable interactions between β-carotene and curcumin as well as interactions with octenyl and starch moieties via hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions, respectively. The β-carotene and curcumin molecules occupied the interior and periphery of hydrophobic domains of OSGES aggregates, respectively, and they did not exist in isolation but interacted with each other. The β-carotene and curcumin combination-loaded OSGES aggregates with a size of 310.5 nm presented a more compact structure than β-carotene-only and curcumin-only loaded OSGES aggregates with sizes of 463.5 and 202.9 nm respectively, suggesting that a transition from a loose cluster to a compact cluster was accompanied by coloading. During in vitro digestion, the joint effect of β-carotene and curcumin prolonged their release and increased their bioaccessibility due to competition between favorable hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions and the unfavorable structure erosion and relaxation of the loaded aggregates. Therefore, OSGES aggregates were designed for the codelivery of β-carotene and curcumin, indicating their potential to be applied in functional foods and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing 400065, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Simei Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Xiaowan Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Materials, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu 611731, PR China
| | - Yongde Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400065, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing 400065, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Market Supervision (Condiment Supervision Technology), Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing 401121, PR China.
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12
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Taddeucci A, Zinna F, Siligardi G, Di Bari L. Circularly Polarized Microscopy of Thin Films of Chiral Organic Dyes. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:471-478. [PMID: 37655166 PMCID: PMC10467535 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an optical microscopy technique, circularly polarized microscopy or CPM, able to afford spatially resolved electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of thin films of chiral organic semiconductors through a commercial microscope equipped with a camera and inexpensive optics. Provided the dichroic ratio is sufficiently large, the spatial resolution is on the order of the μm and is only limited by the magnification optics integrated in the microscope. We apply CPM to thin films of small chiral π-conjugated molecules, which gave rise to ordered aggregates in the thin layer. Primarily, conventional ECD can reveal and characterize chiral supramolecular structures and possible interferences between anisotropic properties of solid samples; however, it cannot generally account for the spatial distribution of such properties. CPM offers a characterization of supramolecular chirality and of commingling polarization anisotropies of the material, describing their local distribution. To validate CPM, we demonstrated that it can be adopted to quantify the local ECD of samples characterized by intense signals, virtually on any standard optical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Rasera ML, de Maria ALA, Tavares GM. Co-aggregation between whey proteins and carotenoids from yellow mombin (Spondias mombin): Impact of carotenoids' self-aggregation. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112855. [PMID: 37254429 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between whey proteins and carotenoid is reported to improve carotenoid solubility and stability, however, the strong trend of carotenoids to aggregate when in polar systems is often neglected in papers addressing their molecular interaction. Therefore, this study focused on characterizing the aggregative behavior of the carotenoids from yellow mombin (Spondias mombin) and to understand how these carotenoids behave when added to aqueous dispersions of whey proteins. Carotenoids-rich extract, containing mainly β-cryptoxanthin and lutein, was obtained from freeze-dried yellow mombin pulp and its aggregative behavior in ethanol/water medium was studied. By increasing the medium polarity, carotenoids trend to form J-aggregation, causing a drop in the color intensity of the solution. When added to whey protein aqueous dispersions, rather than a protein-carotenoid bimolecular interaction, the formation of co-aggregates between carotenoids and whey proteins was evidenced by preparative size exclusion chromatography. These results may contribute to the developing functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Rasera
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza A de Maria
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme M Tavares
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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14
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
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15
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Udensi J, Loughman J, Loskutova E, Byrne HJ. Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:9017. [PMID: 36558154 PMCID: PMC9784873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Ding L, Yang J, Dai M, Li S, Yin K, Li J. Effect of environmental factors on the aggregation behavior of astaxanthin in water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121506. [PMID: 35738111 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular aggregation is a common phenomenon widely found in natural organisms, which is crucial for some specific functions of biological systems. To study the aggregating behavior of hydrophobic carotenoids in water, astaxanthin was employed and dispersed under different surroundings to induce aggregation. The results showed that astaxanthin tended to form J- or H-type aggregates when the water content was higher than 60%. Both hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were beneficial for the formation of astaxanthin J-aggregates, but they were not good for inducing H-aggregates. Small-molecule electrolytes, like sodium salts, mostly played an enormous hindrance role to the formation of astaxanthin H- and J-aggregates, except for sodium chloride (NaCl) which helped astaxanthin to form J-aggregates. Both sodium periodate (NaIO4) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa) could prevent the formation of astaxanthin H- and J-aggregates, but sodium chloride (NaCl) could only hinder the formation of H-aggregates. As for polyelectrolytes chitosan and DNA, the difference of chain structure led to different aggregation effects. The soft single chain of chitosan tended to induce J-aggregates formation, while double-stranded DNA preferred to guide the formation of H-aggregates. By choosing and integrating the advantageous environmental factors that facilitate each type of astaxanthin aggregates, J- and H-type astaxanthin aggregates were stably loaded in DNA/CS nanoparticles with distinct particle sizes. Controlled preparation of either H- or J-type aggregates is of great significance for further studies concerning the structure-activity relationship of carotenoid aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Mingqin Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Shukui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Kangrui Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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17
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Carotenoids in Human SkinIn Vivo: Antioxidant and Photo-Protectant Role against External and Internal Stressors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081451. [PMID: 35892651 PMCID: PMC9394334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced antioxidant properties in the neutralization of free radicals. In human skin, carotenoids have a high concentration in the stratum corneum (SC)-the horny outermost layer of the epidermis, where they accumulate within lipid lamellae. Resonance Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy are optical methods that are used to non-invasively determine the carotenoid concentration in the human SC in vivo. It was shown by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy that carotenoids support the entire antioxidant status of the human SC in vivo by neutralizing free radicals and thus, counteracting the development of oxidative stress. This review is devoted to assembling the kinetics of the carotenoids in the human SC in vivo using non-invasive optical and spectroscopic methods. Factors contributing to the changes of the carotenoid concentration in the human SC and their influence on the antioxidant status of the SC in vivo are summarized. The effect of chemotherapy on the carotenoid concentration of the SC in cancer patients is presented. A potential antioxidant-based pathomechanism of chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome and a method to reduce its frequency and severity are discussed.
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18
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Nanocarriers for β-Carotene Based on Milk Protein. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Vidotto DC, Mantovani RA, Tavares GM. High-pressure microfluidization of whey proteins: Impact on protein structure and ability to bind and protect lutein. Food Chem 2022; 382:132298. [PMID: 35144190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic high-pressure homogenization microfluidization (DHPM) is a versatile emerging technology that may be applied to food processing to achieve several goals. DHPM may, depending on nature of the molecules and the working parameters, induce changes in protein structure, which may improve or impair their techno-functional properties and ability to bind other molecules. In this context, DHPM (12 passes, 120 MPa), coupled or not to a cooling device, was applied to β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and whey protein isolate (WPI) dispersions. Minor changes in the structure of whey proteins were induced by DHPM with sample cooling; although, when sample cooling was not applied, aggregation and increases of around 30% of protein surface hydrophobicity were noticeable for the WPI dispersion. The association constant between the proteins and lutein was in the magnitude of 104 M-1, and lutein photodegradation constant diminished about 3 times in the presence of proteins, compared to in their absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo C Vidotto
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raphaela A Mantovani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Tavares
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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20
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Semitsoglou-Tsiapou S, Meador TB, Peng B, Aluwihare L. Photochemical (UV-vis/H 2O 2) degradation of carotenoids: Kinetics and molecular end products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131697. [PMID: 34392195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constraining the formation mechanisms of organic matter that persists in aquatic reservoirs is important for determining the reactivity and fate of carbon and nutrients in these environments. Recent studies have linked dissolved organic matter (DOM) accumulating in the ocean to linear terpenoid structures, and carotenoid degradation products have been proposed as potential precursors. The prevalence of reactive oxygen species in aquatic environments and their potential to be quenched by carotenoids led us to examine radical-assisted photochemical degradation of carotenoids as a potential mechanism for DOM formation and transformation. Experiments were conducted with aggregates of β-carotene, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin in THF:H2O under solar light irradiation assisted by hydrogen peroxide (UV-Vis/H2O2). Based on the fine structure of UV-Vis spectra, it was determined that β-carotene and meso-zeaxanthin formed J-type aggregates in experimental solutions, while astaxanthin and fucoxanthin formed H2-type aggregates, consistent with their structural characteristics. All carotenoids degraded under the combined influence of photolysis and OH scavenging, with fucoxanthin exhibiting the fastest degradation kinetics (kPO = 3.69 10-3 s-1) and meso-zeaxanthin the slowest (kPO = 4.37 10-4 s-1). The major degradation products detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were apo-aldehydes and apo-ketones, with the latter tending to accumulate, but epoxidation of the carotenoids also took place, and longer irradiation times resulted in lower molecular weight products. Reaction kinetics and accumulating carotenoid oxidation products identified in this study provide potential formation mechanisms and biomarkers for examining DOM cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Semitsoglou-Tsiapou
- Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Travis B Meador
- Soil and Water Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bo Peng
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lihini Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Zutterman F, Champagne B. Simulation of absorption and scattering spectra of crystalline organic nanoparticles with the discrete dipole approximation: Effects of crystal shape, crystal size, and refractive index of the medium. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164703. [PMID: 34717351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the shape (habit) of crystalline organic nanoparticles on their absorption spectra is studied by simulations using the discrete dipole approximation, focusing, in particular, on the vibronic structure of the absorption bands in the spectra. Simulations predict a significant effect that, for sufficiently small particles, can be simply rationalized by the depolarization factor. The crystal size and the refractive index of the medium in which the nanoparticles are embedded are also found to have an effect on the absorption spectra. All factors mentioned are found to influence also the spectra of scattered light. These effects, already broadly documented for metallic nanoparticles, are here demonstrated theoretically for the first time for crystalline organic nanoparticles, providing novel insight into the optical response of such particles. The effects are expected to be displayed by all organic nanoparticles, as long as they have a well-defined crystal structure and are large enough for the optical properties to be understandable using a macroscopic dielectric tensor. The effects demonstrated here should be taken into account when rationalizing differences in absorption spectra of a substance in solution and in nanoparticle form, e.g., in deducing the type of intermolecular packing. The effects are much less pronounced for optically isotropic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Zutterman
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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22
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Schex R, Lieb VM, Schäfer C, Schweiggert R, Steingass CB. Carotenoid profiles of red- and yellow-colored arils of cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112741. [PMID: 33845183 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The botanical delimitation of Taxus species and cultivars may be facilitated by characterizing the pigment profiles of their red- and yellow-fleshed arils. Therefore, we determined genuine carotenoid profiles of differently colored arils of seven defined cultivars of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus × media Rehder. In-depth HPLC-DAD-ESI/APCI-MSn analyses revealed the presence of 43 carotenoids. Exceptional retro-carotenoids dominated the profiles of all samples assessed. Rhodoxanthin (E/Z)-isomers were predominant in the red-colored arils, resulting in a rather unusual abundance of carotenoid isomers as expressed by ratios of up to 1.3:2.0:0.9 between (all-E)-, (6Z)-, and (6Z,6'Z)-rhodoxanthin, respectively. By contrast, the uncommon yellow arils of Taxus baccata L. 'Lutea' mainly contained eschscholtzxanthin (E/Z)-isomers and esters. Total carotenoid concentrations ranged from 17.00 to 58.78 μg/g fresh weight across all samples assessed. Highest total rhodoxanthin concentrations of 51.33 ± 0.46 μg/g fresh weight were obtained from the red arils of Taxus × media Rehder 'Hicksii'. Overall, Taxus arils represent a promising source of carotenoids and, in particular, of retro-carotenoids with exceptional molecular structures and extraordinary absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schex
- DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development Center Forms, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland; Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany
| | - Veronika M Lieb
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Schäfer
- DSM Nutritional Products, Research and Development Center Forms, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Geisenheim University, Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366, Germany.
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Widomska J, Gruszecki WI, Subczynski WK. Factors Differentiating the Antioxidant Activity of Macular Xanthophylls in the Human Eye Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:601. [PMID: 33919673 PMCID: PMC8070478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macular xanthophylls, which are absorbed from the human diet, accumulate in high concentrations in the human retina, where they efficiently protect against oxidative stress that may lead to retinal damage. In addition, macular xanthophylls are uniquely spatially distributed in the retina. The zeaxanthin concentration (including the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin) is ~9-fold greater than lutein concentration in the central fovea. These numbers do not correlate at all with the dietary intake of xanthophylls, for which there is a dietary zeaxanthin-to-lutein molar ratio of 1:12 to 1:5. The unique spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls-lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin-in the retina, which developed during evolution, maximize the protection of the retina provided by these xanthophylls. We will correlate the differences in the spatial distributions of macular xanthophylls with their different antioxidant activities in the retina. Can the major protective function of macular xanthophylls in the retina, namely antioxidant actions, explain their evolutionarily determined, unique spatial distributions? In this review, we will address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
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24
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Mantovani RA, Rasera ML, Vidotto DC, Mercadante AZ, Tavares GM. Binding of carotenoids to milk proteins: Why and how. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Kundu A, Dasgupta J. Photogeneration of Long-Lived Triplet States through Singlet Fission in Lycopene H-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1468-1474. [PMID: 33528257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular triplet excitons produced through singlet fission (SF) usually have shorter triplet lifetimes due to exciton-exciton recombination and relaxation pathways, thereby resulting in complex device architectures for SF-boosted solar cells. Using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we here show that the photoexcitation of nanostructured lycopene H-aggregates at room temperature produces free triplets with an unprecedented 35-fold enhancement in the lifetime compared to those localized on the monomer backbone. The observed rise of a spectrally blue-shifted correlated T-T pair state in ∼19 ps with distinct vibronic features provides the basis for SF-induced triplet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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26
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Maghsoudi S, Taghavi Shahraki B, Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Bagherzadeh M, Dinarvand R, Ahmadi S, Rabiee M, Tahriri M, Hamblin MR, Tayebi L, Webster TJ. The colorful world of carotenoids: a profound insight on therapeutics and recent trends in nano delivery systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3658-3697. [PMID: 33399020 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1867958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of carotenoids as dietary supplements to control or even treat some specific diseases including diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, as well as breast, prostate, and skin cancer are discussed in this review and also thoughts on future research for their widespread use are emphasized. From the stability standpoint, carotenoids have low bioavailability and bioaccessibility owing to their poor water solubility, deterioration in the presence of environmental stresses such as oxygen, light, and high heat as well as rapid degradation during digestion. Nanoencapsulation technologies as wall or encapsulation materials have been increasingly used for improving food product functionality. Nanoencapsulation is a versatile process employed for the protection, entrapment, and the delivery of food bioactive products including carotenoids from diverse environmental conditions for extended shelf lives and for providing controlled release. Therefore, we present here, recent (mostly during the last five years) nanoencapsulation methods of carotenoids with various nanocarriers. To us, this review can be considered as the first highlighting not only the potential therapeutic effects of carotenoids on various diseases but also their most effective nanodelivery systems.HighlightsBioactive compounds are of deep interest to improve food properties.Carotenoids (such as β-carotene and xanthophylls) play indispensable roles in maintaining human health and well-being.A substantial research effort has been carried out on developing beneficial nanodelivery systems for various carotenoids.Nanoencapsulation of carotenoids can enhance their functional properties.Stable nanoencapsulated carotenoids could be utilized in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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The impact of (E/Z)-isomerization and aggregation on the color of rhodoxanthin formulations for food and beverages. Food Chem 2020; 332:127370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying interactions between caseins and lutein. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Tanaka Y, Uemori C, Kon T, Honda M, Wahyudiono, Machmudah S, Kanda H, Goto M. Preparation of liposomes encapsulating β–carotene using supercritical carbon dioxide with ultrasonication. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Supercritical CO2 extraction of tomato pomace: Evaluation of the solubility of lycopene in tomato oil as limiting factor of the process performance. Food Chem 2020; 315:126224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Ashraf W, Latif A, Lianfu Z, Jian Z, Chenqiang W, Rehman A, Hussain A, Siddiquy M, Karim A. Technological Advancement in the Processing of Lycopene: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1749653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anam Latif
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Lianfu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhang Jian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wang Chenqiang
- Technical Center, Guannong Fruit & Antler Co.,Ltd, Korla City, Xinjiang, China
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arif Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mahbuba Siddiquy
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiman Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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32
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Schex R, Schweiggert F, Wüstenberg B, Bonrath W, Schäfer C, Schweiggert R. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of the Thermally Induced ( E/Z)-Isomerization of the retro-Carotenoid Rhodoxanthin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5259-5269. [PMID: 32314916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto scarcely investigated retro-carotenoid rhodoxanthin possesses high potential for coloration in the food and beverage industry using technofunctional formulations prepared thereof. Hence, we studied (E/Z)-isomerization pathways of rhodoxanthin, including seven (E/Z)-isomers comprising (Z)-configured double bonds at unusual exocyclic and inner polyene chain positions. A mathematical approach was developed to deduce kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of six parallel equilibrium reactions interconnecting (all-E)-rhodoxanthin with mono-, di-, and tri-(Z)-isomers using multiresponse modeling. At 40-70 °C in ethyl acetate, reaction rate constants regarding the rotation from (all-E)- to (6Z)-rhodoxanthin were 11-14 times higher than those of the common (E/Z)-isomerization reaction at C-13,14 of the non-retro-structured carotenoid canthaxanthin. Moreover, the equilibrium reaction between (all-E)- and (6Z)-rhodoxanthin was strongly product favored as indicated by negative Gibbs energies (-1.6 to -2.2 kJ mol-1), which is unusual for carotenoids within the studied temperatures. Overall, this study provides novel insights into structure-related dependencies of (E/Z)-isomerization reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of polyenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schex
- Research and Development Center Forms, DSM Nutritional Products, P.O. Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Franz Schweiggert
- Institute for Applied Information Processing, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bettina Wüstenberg
- Research and Development Center Chemistry, DSM Nutritional Products, P.O. Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Werner Bonrath
- Research and Development Center Chemistry, DSM Nutritional Products, P.O. Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Research and Development Center Forms, DSM Nutritional Products, P.O. Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Beverage Research, Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Strasse 1, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
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33
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Wen X, Heller A, Wang K, Han Q, Ni Y, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Carotenogenesis and chromoplast development during ripening of yellow, orange and red colored Physalis fruit. PLANTA 2020; 251:95. [PMID: 32274590 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of specific ultrastructural chromoplastidal elements during ripening of fruits of three different colored Physalis spp. is closely related to their distinct carotenoid profiles. The accumulation of color-determining carotenoids within the chromoplasts of ripening yellow, orange, and red fruit of Physalis pubescens L., Physalis peruviana L., and Physalis alkekengi L., respectively, was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) as well as light and transmission electron microscopy. Both yellow and orange fruit gradually accumulated mainly β-carotene and lutein esters at variable levels, explaining their different colors at full ripeness. Upon commencing β-carotene biosynthesis, large crystals appeared in their chromoplasts, while large filaments protruding from plastoglobules were characteristic elements of chromoplasts of orange fruit. In contrast to yellow and orange fruit, fully ripe red fruit contained almost no β-carotene, but esters of both β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at very high levels. Tubule bundles and unusual disc-like crystallites were predominant carotenoid-bearing elements in red fruit. Our study supports the earlier hypothesis that the predominant carotenoid type might shape the ultrastructural carotenoid deposition form, which is considered important for color, stability and bioavailability of the contained carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Annerose Heller
- Institute of Botany, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kunli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianyun Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuanying Ni
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80257, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Institute of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
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34
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Koren D, Hegyesné Vecseri B, Kun-Farkas G, Urbin Á, Nyitrai Á, Sipos L. How to objectively determine the color of beer? Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:1183-1189. [PMID: 32123439 PMCID: PMC7026378 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Beer color is an important sensory attribute, the first one that the consumer observes. There are two standard methods accepted for determining the color of these products, one related to the European Brewery Convention (EBC) and the other is the Standard Reference Method (SRM). Both methods are based on absorbance, but in case of the more and more popular fruit beers these methods give false result since these products appear in varied colors and have different spectra than regular beers. In this study 39 different types of beers were investigated, including fruit beers and beer based mixed drinks to compare their color in CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space, absorption-based colors and transmission spectra. ΔE*ab values of products with less than 5% EBC difference ranged from 4.5 to 17.4. There were magnitude differences in the transmission spectra of these products, fruit beers showed different tendencies due to the added fruit or fruit juice. The highest ΔE*ab value belonged to two traditional Weissbiers. Absorption-based methods are not able in many cases to differentiate between products which have nearly the same EBC or SRM color but visually are different. A multi-wavelength method would be reasonable to be developed for more objective and accurate beer color determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Koren
- 1Department of Brewing and Distilling, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, 45 Ménesi út, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | - Beáta Hegyesné Vecseri
- 1Department of Brewing and Distilling, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, 45 Ménesi út, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | - Gabriella Kun-Farkas
- 1Department of Brewing and Distilling, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, 45 Ménesi út, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | - Ágnes Urbin
- 2Department of Mechatronics, Optics and Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3. Műegyetem út, Budapest, 1111 Hungary
| | - Ákos Nyitrai
- 3Department of Postharvest Science and Sensory Evaluation, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, 29 Villányi út, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
| | - László Sipos
- 3Department of Postharvest Science and Sensory Evaluation, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, 29 Villányi út, Budapest, 1118 Hungary
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35
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The Astaxanthin Aggregation Pattern Greatly Influences Its Antioxidant Activity: A Comparative Study in Caco-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020126. [PMID: 32024215 PMCID: PMC7070916 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is an excellent antioxidant that can form unstable aggregates in biological or artificial systems. The changes of astaxanthin properties caused by molecular aggregation have gained much attention recently. Here, water-dispersible astaxanthin H- and J-aggregates were fabricated and stabilized by a natural DNA/chitosan nanocomplex (respectively noted as H-ADC and J-ADC), as evidenced by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with J-ADC, H-ADC with equivalent astaxanthin loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency showed smaller particle size and similar zeta potential. To explore the antioxidant differences between astaxanthin H- and J-aggregates, H-ADC and J-ADC were subjected to H2O2-pretreated Caco-2 cells. Compared with astaxanthin monomers and J-aggregates, H-aggregates showed a better cytoprotective effect by promoting scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl free radical scavenging studies confirmed a higher efficiency of H-aggregates than J-aggregates or astaxanthin monomers. These findings give inspiration to the precise design of carotenoid aggregates for efficient utilization.
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36
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Haas K, Obernberger J, Zehetner E, Kiesslich A, Volkert M, Jaeger H. Impact of powder particle structure on the oxidation stability and color of encapsulated crystalline and emulsified carotenoids in carrot concentrate powders. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Incorporation of bixin in aqueous media: Self-formulation with sorbitol ester of norbixin. Food Chem 2019; 294:433-439. [PMID: 31126484 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported how the natural food colorant, bixin, was enzymatically modified by appending sorbitol to the bixin scaffold. The resulted product, sorbitol ester of norbixin (SEN) was expected to be more hydrophilic. The present study aimed to investigate the physical behaviour of SEN in aqueous media. The property of SEN was studied together with non-reacted bixin as separation of the two compounds was unsuccessful. The SEN molecules behaved as a bolaamphiphile in aqueous media, underwent self-association and develop a hydrophilic aggregate. SEN-aggregates could uptake the non-reacted bixin molecules inside its hydrophobic moiety and dispersed it in aqueous media. Aggregation of SEN molecules with incorporated bixin resulted in a hypsochromic shift of the absorption spectra indicting H-aggregation. Dynamic light scattering showed the formation of aggregates with an average hydrodynamic radius 38 ± 2 nm. The dispersibility of the aggregates was affected by pH and the ionic strength of the media.
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38
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Piano D, Cocco E, Guadalupi G, Kalaji HM, Kirkpatrick J, Farci D. Characterization under quasi-native conditions of the capsanthin/capsorubin synthase from Capsicum annuum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:165-175. [PMID: 31505449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplasts are typical plastids of fruits and flowers, deriving from chloroplasts through complex processes of re-organization and recycling. Since this transition leads to the production of reactive species, chromoplasts are characteristic sites for biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and other antioxidants. Here, we have analysed the chromoplast membranes from Capsicum annuum L. fruits, finding a significant expression of the capsanthin/capsorubin synthase. This enzyme was isolated by a very mild procedure allowing its analyses under quasi-native conditions. The isolated complex appeared as a red coloured homo-trimer, suggesting the retention of at least one of the typical carotenoids from C. annuum. Moreover, the protein complex was co-purified with a non-proteinaceous fraction of carotenoid aggregates carrying a high molecular weight and separable only by Size Exclusion Chromatography. This last finding suggested a relationship between the carotenoids synthesis on chromoplast membranes, the presence, and storage of organised carotenoids aggregates typical for chromoplasts. Further MS analyses also provided important hints on the interactome network associated to the capsanthin/capsorubin synthase, confirming its functional relevance during ripening. Results are discussed in the frame of the primary role played by carotenoids in quenching the growing oxidative stress during fruits ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Piano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emma Cocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Photobiology and Plant Physiology, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02776, Warsaw, Poland; White Hill Company, Ciołkowskiego 161, 15-545, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstraβe 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Domenica Farci
- White Hill Company, Ciołkowskiego 161, 15-545, Białystok, Poland.
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Zhu J, Wang C, Gao J, Wu H, Sun Q. Aggregation of Fucoxanthin and Its Effects on Binding and Delivery Properties of Whey Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10412-10422. [PMID: 31464443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, aggregation of fucoxanthin (FX) and its effects on binding and delivery properties of whey proteins were explored. Initially, the H- and J-aggregates of FX were successfully prepared by adjusting the water/ethanol ratio and water-dripping rate. The transition from J- to H-aggregates was observed over the standing time. Then, the molecular arrangement of FX H-aggregates was analyzed using the point-dipole approximation model and molecular dynamics, showing that their intermolecular distance and angle were about 5.0-6.7 Å and -35° to 35°, respectively. The transformation of J- to H-aggregates was also observed during molecular dynamics, with a shortened intermolecular distance, a reduced solvent accessible surface area, an enhanced interaction force, and a narrowed dihedral angle. Further, the interactions of whey proteins with different forms of FX were investigated, indicating that both β-lactoglobulin and whey protein isolates could form complexes with the monomers, H-aggregates, and J-aggregates of FX. In terms of affinity, whey proteins bound FX monomers more strongly than aggregates. Furthermore, the complexes comprising whey proteins and monomeric FX had better delivery capabilities than aggregated FX, manifested in encapsulation efficiency, physical stability, and bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266001 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guangxi University for Nationalities , Nanning 530006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 , People's Republic of China
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40
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Excited State Properties of Fucoxanthin Aggregates. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Cipolatti EP, Remedi RD, Sá CDS, Rodrigues AB, Gonçalves Ramos JM, Veiga Burkert CA, Furlong EB, Fernandes de Medeiros Burkert J. Use of agroindustrial byproducts as substrate for production of carotenoids with antioxidant potential by wild yeasts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Honda M, Kageyama H, Hibino T, Zhang Y, Diono W, Kanda H, Yamaguchi R, Takemura R, Fukaya T, Goto M. Improved Carotenoid Processing with Sustainable Solvents Utilizing Z-Isomerization-Induced Alteration in Physicochemical Properties: A Review and Future Directions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112149. [PMID: 31181605 PMCID: PMC6600244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids—natural fat-soluble pigments—have attracted considerable attention because of their potential to prevent of various diseases, such as cancer and arteriosclerosis, and their strong antioxidant capacity. They have many geometric isomers due to the presence of numerous conjugated double bonds in the molecule. However, in plants, most carotenoids are present in the all-E-configuration. (all-E)-Carotenoids are characterized by high crystallinity as well as low solubility in safe and sustainable solvents, such as ethanol and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2). Thus, these properties result in the decreased efficiency of carotenoid processing, such as extraction and emulsification, using such sustainable solvents. On the other hand, Z-isomerization of carotenoids induces alteration in physicochemical properties, i.e., the solubility of carotenoids dramatically improves and they change from a “crystalline state” to an “oily (amorphous) state”. For example, the solubility in ethanol of lycopene Z-isomers is more than 4000 times higher than the all-E-isomer. Recently, improvement of carotenoid processing efficiency utilizing these changes has attracted attention. Namely, it is possible to markedly improve carotenoid processing using safe and sustainable solvents, which had previously been difficult to put into practical use due to the low efficiency. The objective of this paper is to review the effect of Z-isomerization on the physicochemical properties of carotenoids and its application to carotenoid processing, such as extraction, micronization, and emulsification, using sustainable solvents. Moreover, aspects of Z-isomerization methods for carotenoids and functional difference, such as bioavailability and antioxidant capacity, between isomers are also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Hakuto Kageyama
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Takashi Hibino
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Yelin Zhang
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Wahyu Diono
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Ryusei Yamaguchi
- Technical Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Ryota Takemura
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Limited, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Fukaya
- Innovation Division, Kagome Company, Limited, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan.
- Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Motonobu Goto
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Dudek M, Machalska E, Oleszkiewicz T, Grzebelus E, Baranski R, Szcześniak P, Mlynarski J, Zajac G, Kaczor A, Baranska M. Chiral Amplification in Nature: Studying Cell‐Extracted Chiral Carotenoid Microcrystals via the Resonance Raman Optical Activity of Model Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dudek
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
| | - Ewa Machalska
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
| | - Tomasz Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biotechnology and HorticultureUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow AL. 29 Listopada 54 31-425 Cracow Poland
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biotechnology and HorticultureUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow AL. 29 Listopada 54 31-425 Cracow Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biotechnology and HorticultureUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow AL. 29 Listopada 54 31-425 Cracow Poland
| | - Piotr Szcześniak
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zajac
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian University Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Cracow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian University Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Cracow Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian University Bobrzynskiego 14 30-348 Cracow Poland
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Dudek M, Machalska E, Oleszkiewicz T, Grzebelus E, Baranski R, Szcześniak P, Mlynarski J, Zajac G, Kaczor A, Baranska M. Chiral Amplification in Nature: Studying Cell-Extracted Chiral Carotenoid Microcrystals via the Resonance Raman Optical Activity of Model Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8383-8388. [PMID: 30974037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid microcrystals, extracted from cells of carrot roots and consisting of 95 % of achiral β-carotene, exhibit a very intense chiroptical (ECD and ROA) signal. The preferential chirality of crystalline aggregates that consist mostly of achiral building blocks is a newly observed phenomenon in nature, and may be related to asymmetric information transfer from the chiral seeds (small amount of α-carotene or lutein) present in carrot cells. To confirm this hypothesis, we synthesized several model aggregates from various achiral and chiral carotenoids. Because of the sergeant-and-soldier behavior, a small number of chiral sergeants (α-carotene or astaxanthin) force the achiral soldier molecules (β- or 11,11'-[D2 ]-β-carotene) to jointly form supramolecular assemblies of induced chirality. The chiral amplification observed in these model systems confirmed that chiral microcrystals appearing in nature might consist predominantly of achiral building blocks and their supramolecular chirality might result from the co-crystallization of chiral and achiral analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dudek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Machalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Oleszkiewicz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Cracow, Poland
| | - Rafal Baranski
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, AL. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Szcześniak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zajac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
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Chacón-Ordóñez T, Carle R, Schweiggert R. Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3220-3239. [PMID: 30536912 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The frequent consumption of carotenoid-rich foods has been associated with numerous health benefits, such as the supply of provitamin A. To exert these health benefits, carotenoids need to be efficiently liberated from the food matrix, micellized in the small intestine, taken up by the enterocytes and absorbed into the human blood stream. Enormous efforts have been made to better understand these processes. Because human studies are costly, labor-intense and time-consuming, the evaluation of carotenoid liberation and micellization at the laboratory scale using simulated in vitro digestion models has proven to be an important tool for obtaining preliminary results prior to conducting human studies. In particular, the liberation from the food matrix and the intestinal micellization can be mimicked by simulated digestion, yielding an estimate of the so-called bioaccessibility of a carotenoid. In the present review, we provide an overview of the carotenoid digestion process in vivo, the currently used in vitro digestion models and the outcomes of previous bioaccessibility studies, with a special focus on correlations with concomitantly conducted human studies. Furthermore, we advocate for the on-going requirement of better standardized digestion protocols and, in addition, we provide suggestions for the complementation of the acquired knowledge and current nutritional recommendations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Chacón-Ordóñez
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Analysis and Technology of Plant-based Foods, Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
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Zajac G, Machalska E, Kaczor A, Kessler J, Bouř P, Baranska M. Structure of supramolecular astaxanthin aggregates revealed by molecular dynamics and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 20:18038-18046. [PMID: 29932184 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular aggregation is omnipresent in nature and important for metabolic processes or in medical treatment; however, the phenomenon is rather difficult to predict or understand on the basis of computational models. Recently, we found that electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and closely related resonance Raman optical activity (RROA) are extremely sensitive to the aggregation mechanism and structure of the astaxanthin dye. In the present study, molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemical (QC) computations (ZIndo/S, TDDFT) are used to link the aggregate structure with ECD spectral shapes. Realistic absorption and ECD intensities were obtained and the simulations reproduced many trends observed experimentally, such as the prevalent sign pattern and dependence of the aggregate structure on the solvent type. The computationally cheaper ZIndo/S method provided results very similar to those obtained by TDDFT. In the future, the accuracy of the combined MD/QC methodology of spectra interpretation should be improved to provide more detailed information on astaxanthin aggregates and similar macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Zajac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
| | - Ewa Machalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland. and Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
| | - Jiří Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic.
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland. and Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland
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47
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Zhang D, Tan L, Dong J, Yi J, Wang P, Zhang J. Structure and Excitation Dynamics of β-Carotene Aggregates in Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Micelle. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Production of β-carotene nanosuspensions using supercritical CO2 and improvement of its efficiency by Z-isomerization pre-treatment. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Tay-Agbozo S, Street S, Kispert LD. The carotenoid bixin: Optical studies of aggregation in polar/water solvents. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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50
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Nanoparticle formation of PVP/astaxanthin inclusion complex by solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS): Effect of PVP and astaxanthin Z-isomer content. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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