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Koudounas K, Guirimand G, Hoyos LFR, Carqueijeiro I, Cruz PL, Stander E, Kulagina N, Perrin J, Oudin A, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Atehortùa L, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Papon N, O'Connor SE, Courdavault V. Tonoplast and Peroxisome Targeting of γ-tocopherol N-methyltransferase Homologs Involved in the Synthesis of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:200-216. [PMID: 35166361 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species from the Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae families evolved a specialized metabolism leading to the synthesis of a broad palette of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs). These compounds are believed to constitute a cornerstone of the plant chemical arsenal but above all several MIAs display pharmacological properties that have been exploited for decades by humans to treat various diseases. It is established that MIAs are produced in planta due to complex biosynthetic pathways engaging a multitude of specialized enzymes but also a complex tissue and subcellular organization. In this context, N-methyltransferases (NMTs) represent an important family of enzymes indispensable for MIA biosynthesis but their characterization has always remained challenging. In particular, little is known about the subcellular localization of NMTs in MIA-producing plants. Here, we performed an extensive analysis on the subcellular localization of NMTs from four distinct medicinal plants but also experimentally validated that two putative NMTs from Catharanthus roseus exhibit NMT activity. Apart from providing unprecedented data regarding the targeting of these enzymes in planta, our results point out an additional layer of complexity to the subcellular organization of the MIA biosynthetic pathway by introducing tonoplast and peroxisome as new actors of the final steps of MIA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Koudounas
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | | | - Luisa Fernanda Rojas Hoyos
- Grupo de Biotransformación-Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, A.A 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Emily Stander
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Natalja Kulagina
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Jennifer Perrin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | - Lucia Atehortùa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 50010, Colombia
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
| | | | - Nicolas Papon
- GEIHP, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 4 rue de Larrey - F49933, Angers 49000, France
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, 31 Av. Monge, Tours 37200, France
- Graduate School of Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Oultram JMJ, Pegler JL, Bowser TA, Ney LJ, Eamens AL, Grof CPL. Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030234. [PMID: 33652704 PMCID: PMC7996784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) is one of the world’s most well-known, yet maligned plant species. However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to produce secondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plant species from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical. This review summarises the lengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of key secondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy. We also provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by the Cannabis plant. Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as synthetic biology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis. Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research, we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant and versatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future direction of Cannabis plant biology. Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis research outside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additional avenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M. J. Oultram
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Joseph L. Pegler
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Timothy A. Bowser
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
| | - Luke J. Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4921-5858
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3
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Plant Peroxisomes: A Factory of Reactive Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 32719691 PMCID: PMC7348659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane whose biochemical composition has the capacity to adapt depending on the plant tissue, developmental stage, as well as internal and external cellular stimuli. Apart from the peroxisomal metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), discovered several decades ago, new molecules with signaling potential, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been detected in these organelles in recent years. These molecules generate a family of derived molecules, called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS), whose peroxisomal metabolism is autoregulated through posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosation, nitration and persulfidation. The peroxisomal metabolism of these reactive species, which can be weaponized against pathogens, is susceptible to modification in response to external stimuli. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on crosstalk between these reactive species families and peroxisomes, as well as on their cellular environment in light of the well-recognized signaling properties of H2O2, NO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Foureau E, Carqueijeiro I, Dugé de Bernonville T, Melin C, Lafontaine F, Besseau S, Lanoue A, Papon N, Oudin A, Glévarec G, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Courdavault V. Prequels to Synthetic Biology: From Candidate Gene Identification and Validation to Enzyme Subcellular Localization in Plant and Yeast Cells. Methods Enzymol 2016; 576:167-206. [PMID: 27480687 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds extracted from microorganisms or plants constitute an inexhaustible source of valuable molecules whose supply can be potentially challenged by limitations in biological sourcing. The recent progress in synthetic biology combined to the increasing access to extensive transcriptomics and genomics data now provide new alternatives to produce these molecules by transferring their whole biosynthetic pathway in heterologous production platforms such as yeasts or bacteria. While the generation of high titer producing strains remains per se an arduous field of investigation, elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways as well as characterization of their complex subcellular organization are essential prequels to the efficient development of such bioengineering approaches. Using examples from plants and yeasts as a framework, we describe potent methods to rationalize the study of partially characterized pathways, including the basics of computational applications to identify candidate genes in transcriptomics data and the validation of their function by an improved procedure of virus-induced gene silencing mediated by direct DNA transfer to get around possible resistance to Agrobacterium-delivery of viral vectors. To identify potential alterations of biosynthetic fluxes resulting from enzyme mislocalizations in reconstituted pathways, we also detail protocols aiming at characterizing subcellular localizations of protein in plant cells by expression of fluorescent protein fusions through biolistic-mediated transient transformation, and localization of transferred enzymes in yeast using similar fluorescence procedures. Albeit initially developed for the Madagascar periwinkle, these methods may be applied to other plant species or organisms in order to establish synthetic biology platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Foureau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - I Carqueijeiro
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - T Dugé de Bernonville
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - C Melin
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - F Lafontaine
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - S Besseau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - A Lanoue
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - N Papon
- Université d'Angers, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA 3142, Angers, France
| | - A Oudin
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - G Glévarec
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - M Clastre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - B St-Pierre
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - N Giglioli-Guivarc'h
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France
| | - V Courdavault
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Tours, France.
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Amarasinghe R, Poldy J, Matsuba Y, Barrow RA, Hemmi JM, Pichersky E, Peakall R. UV-B light contributes directly to the synthesis of chiloglottone floral volatiles. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:693-703. [PMID: 25649114 PMCID: PMC4343295 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Australian sexually deceptive Chiloglottis orchids attract their specific male wasp pollinators by means of 2,5-dialkylcyclohexane-1,3-diones or 'chiloglottones', representing a newly discovered class of volatiles with unique structures. This study investigated the hypothesis that UV-B light at low intensities is directly required for chiloglottone biosynthesis in Chiloglottis trapeziformis. METHODS Chiloglottone production occurs only in specific tissue (the callus) of the labellum. Cut buds and flowers, and whole plants with buds and flowers, sourced from the field, were kept in a growth chamber and interactions between growth stage of the flowers and duration and intensity of UV-B exposure on chiloglottone production were studied. The effects of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide were also examined. KEY RESULTS Chiloglottone was not present in buds, but was detected in buds that were manually opened and then exposed to sunlight, or artificial UV-B light for ≥5 min. Spectrophotometry revealed that the sepals and petals blocked UV-B light from reaching the labellum inside the bud. Rates of chiloglottone production increased with developmental stage, increasing exposure time and increasing UV-B irradiance intensity. Cycloheximide did not inhibit the initial production of chiloglottone within 5 min of UV-B exposure. However, inhibition of chiloglottone production by cycloheximide occurred over 2 h of UV-B exposure, indicating a requirement for de novo protein synthesis to sustain chiloglottone production under UV-B. CONCLUSIONS The sepals and petals of Chiloglottis orchids strongly block UV-B wavelengths of light, preventing chiloglottone production inside the bud. While initiation of chiloglottone biosynthesis requires only UV-B light, sustained chiloglottone biosynthesis requires both UV-B and de novo protein biosynthesis. The internal amounts of chiloglottone in a flower reflect the interplay between developmental stage, duration and intensity of UV-B exposure, de novo protein synthesis, and feedback loops linked to the starting amount of chiloglottone. It is concluded that UV-B light contributes directly to chiloglottone biosynthesis. These findings suggest an entirely new and unexpected biochemical reaction that might also occur in taxa other than these orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranamalie Amarasinghe
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Poldy
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yuki Matsuba
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Russell A Barrow
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jan M Hemmi
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Guirimand G, Guihur A, Phillips MA, Oudin A, Glévarec G, Melin C, Papon N, Clastre M, St-Pierre B, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Burlat V, Courdavault V. A single gene encodes isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase isoforms targeted to plastids, mitochondria and peroxisomes in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 79:443-59. [PMID: 22638903 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases (IDI) catalyze the interconversion of the two isoprenoid universal C5 units, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylally diphosphate, to allow the biosynthesis of the large variety of isoprenoids including both primary and specialized metabolites. This isomerisation is usually performed by two distinct IDI isoforms located either in plastids/peroxisomes or mitochondria/peroxisomes as recently established in Arabidopsis thaliana mainly accumulating primary isoprenoids. By contrast, almost nothing is known in plants accumulating specialized isoprenoids. Here we report the cloning and functional validation of an IDI encoding cDNA (CrIDI1) from Catharanthus roseus that produces high amount of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. The corresponding gene is expressed in all organs including roots, flowers and young leaves where transcripts have been detected in internal phloem parenchyma and epidermis. The CrIDI1 gene also produces long and short transcripts giving rise to corresponding proteins with and without a N-terminal transit peptide (TP), respectively. Expression of green fluorescent protein fusions revealed that the long isoform is targeted to both plastids and mitochondria with an apparent similar efficiency. Deletion/fusion experiments established that the first 18-residues of the N-terminal TP are solely responsible of the mitochondria targeting while the entire 77-residue long TP is needed for an additional plastid localization. The short isoform is targeted to peroxisomes in agreement with the presence of peroxisome targeting sequence at its C-terminal end. This complex plastid/mitochondria/peroxisomes triple targeting occurring in C. roseus producing specialized isoprenoid secondary metabolites is somehow different from the situation observed in A. thaliana mainly producing housekeeping isoprenoid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Guirimand
- EA2106 "Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales", Université François Rabelais de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
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