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Pérez-Pérez Y, Solís MT, Albacete A, Testillano PS. Opposite Auxin Dynamics Determine the Gametophytic and Embryogenic Fates of the Microspore. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11177. [PMID: 37446349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microspore can follow two different developmental pathways. In vivo microspores follow the gametophytic program to produce pollen grains. In vitro, isolated microspores can be reprogrammed by stress treatments and follow the embryogenic program, producing doubled-haploid embryos. In the present study, we analyzed the dynamics and role of endogenous auxin in microspore development during these two different scenarios, in Brassica napus. We analyzed auxin concentration, cellular accumulation, the expression of the TAA1 auxin biosynthesis gene, and the PIN1-like efflux carrier gene, as well as the effects of inhibiting auxin biosynthesis by kynurenine on microspore embryogenesis. During the gametophytic pathway, auxin levels and TAA1 and PIN1-like expression were high at early stages, in tetrads and tapetum, while they progressively decreased during gametogenesis in both pollen and tapetum cells. In contrast, in microspore embryogenesis, TAA1 and PIN1-like genes were upregulated, and auxin concentration increased from the first embryogenic divisions. Kynurenine treatment decreased both embryogenesis induction and embryo production, indicating that auxin biosynthesis is required for microspore embryogenesis initiation and progression. The findings indicate that auxin exhibits two opposite profiles during these two microspore developmental pathways, which determine the different cell fates of the microspore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Solís
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Center for Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Kurczynska E, Godel-Jędrychowska K. Apoplastic and Symplasmic Markers of Somatic Embryogenesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1951. [PMID: 37653868 PMCID: PMC10224393 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process that scientists have been trying to understand for many years because, on the one hand, it is a manifestation of the totipotency of plant cells, so it enables the study of the mechanisms regulating this process, and, on the other hand, it is an important method of plant propagation. Using SE in basic research and in practice is invaluable. This article describes the latest, but also historical, information on changes in the chemical composition of the cell wall during the transition of cells from the somatic to embryogenic state, and the importance of symplasmic communication during SE. Among wall chemical components, different pectic, AGP, extensin epitopes, and lipid transfer proteins have been discussed as potential apoplastic markers of explant cells during the acquisition of embryogenic competence. The role of symplasmic communication/isolation during SE has also been discussed, paying particular attention to the formation of symplasmic domains within and between cells that carry out different developmental processes. Information about the number and functionality of plasmodesmata (PD) and callose deposition as the main player in symplasmic isolation has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kurczynska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, ul. Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamila Godel-Jędrychowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, ul. Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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3
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Carneros E, Sánchez-Muñoz J, Pérez-Pérez Y, Pintos B, Gómez-Garay A, Testillano PS. Dynamics of Endogenous Auxin and Its Role in Somatic Embryogenesis Induction and Progression in Cork Oak. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1542. [PMID: 37050168 PMCID: PMC10097209 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a feasible in vitro regeneration system with biotechnological applications in breeding programs, although, in many forest species, SE is highly inefficient, mainly due to their recalcitrance. On the other hand, SE represents a valuable model system for studies on cell reprogramming, totipotency acquisition, and embryogenic development. The molecular mechanisms that govern the transition of plant somatic cells to embryogenic cells are largely unknown. There is increasing evidence that auxins mediate this transition and play a key role in somatic embryo development, although data on woody species are very limited. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics and possible role of endogenous auxin during SE in cork oak (Quercus suber L.). The auxin content was low in somatic cells before cell reprogramming, while it increased after induction of embryogenesis, as revealed by immunofluorescence assays. Cellular accumulation of endogenous auxin was also detected at the later stages of somatic embryo development. These changes in auxin levels correlated with the expression patterns of the auxin biosynthesis (QsTAR2) and signaling (QsARF5) genes, which were upregulated after SE induction. Treatments with the inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis, kynurenine, reduced the proliferation of proembryogenic masses and impaired further embryo development. QsTAR2 and QsARF5 were downregulated after kynurenine treatment. Our findings indicate a key role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis and signaling in SE induction and multiplication, as well as somatic embryo development of cork oak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (J.S.-M.); (Y.P.-P.)
| | - Jorge Sánchez-Muñoz
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (J.S.-M.); (Y.P.-P.)
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (J.S.-M.); (Y.P.-P.)
| | - Beatriz Pintos
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Aránzazu Gómez-Garay
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.P.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (J.S.-M.); (Y.P.-P.)
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4
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de Araújo Silva-Cardoso IM, Gomes ACMM, Scherwinski-Pereira JE. Cellular responses of oil palm genotypes during somatic embryogenesis involve participation of procambial cells, DNA demethylation, and auxin accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1875-1893. [PMID: 35776139 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell markers of somatic embryogenesis initiation from leaf tissues in oil palm involve the participation of procambial cells, DNA demethylation, and auxin accumulation. Low callogenesis and genotype-dependent response have been mentioned in the development of somatic embryogenesis protocols of Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis elite hybrids, which requires more detailed investigations of the process. Thus, the initial cellular responses of immature leaves of adult genotypes of this hybrid were investigated for the first time, emphasizing histological, epigenetic, and endogenous auxin changes. Leaf segments from two genotypes, one responsive to somatic embryogenesis (B351733) and another non-responsive (B352933), were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog medium with 450 µM of 4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid. For anatomical analysis, samples of both genotypes were collected at 0, 20, 90, and 105 days of cultivation. Samples of both genotypes were also taken at different cultivation periods to analyze DNA methylation status (% 5-mC-5 methylcytosine) via ELISA test. Immunolocalization assays were performed with anti-indole-3-acetic acid and anti-5-methyl-deoxycytosine antibodies from samples of hybrid B351733. We distinguished two groups of cells reactive to the induction of embryogenic callogenesis, parenchymatous sheath cells, and procambial cells; however, only the latter are directly involved with the formation of calluses. The data obtained indicate that the formation of calluses in hybrid B351733 is related to DNA hypomethylation, while the non-responsiveness of leaf explants in hybrid B352932 is related to DNA hypermethylation. The in situ immunolocalization enabled the identification of initial markers of the callogenic process, such as IAA accumulation and hypomethylation. Identifying these events brings the possibility of establishing strategies for efficient manipulation of somatic embryogenesis protocols in palm trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos e Genética Vegetal, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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5
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Sivanesan I, Nayeem S, Venkidasamy B, Kuppuraj SP, RN C, Samynathan R. Genetic and epigenetic modes of the regulation of somatic embryogenesis: a review. Biol Futur 2022; 73:259-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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Fan Z, Jia W, Du A, Xia Z, Kang J, Xue L, Sun Y, Shi L. Discovery of Se-containing flavone in Se-enriched green tea and the potential application value in the immune regulation. Food Chem 2022; 394:133468. [PMID: 35716501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched green tea has been recognized as a possible source of supplemental Se, while the structural and physiological activities of Se-containing flavone are still unclear. In this study, a Se-containing flavone was isolated from Se-enriched green tea by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and characterized through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap, FT-IR and NMR. Results proved that HSeO3- can be combined with the alcohol hydroxyl of 2-phenylchromone in flavone and the content of Se-containing flavone in tea was 15690.4 μg L-1. Additionally, Se-containing flavone can effectively inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO), and downregulate expression of TNF-α and IL-6. Compared with regular flavone extracted from green tea (43.24 pg mL-1), release of IL-10 was higher in Se-containing flavone group (53.37 pg mL-1), indicating that Se-containing flavone played an important role in the process of severe inflammatory injury. The results indicated that Se-containing flavone was an attractive natural ingredient for developing novel functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibian Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - An Du
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Shaanxi Testing Inst Product Qual Supervis, Xian 710048, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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7
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Kakoulidou I, Avramidou EV, Baránek M, Brunel-Muguet S, Farrona S, Johannes F, Kaiserli E, Lieberman-Lazarovich M, Martinelli F, Mladenov V, Testillano PS, Vassileva V, Maury S. Epigenetics for Crop Improvement in Times of Global Change. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:766. [PMID: 34439998 PMCID: PMC8389687 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics has emerged as an important research field for crop improvement under the on-going climatic changes. Heritable epigenetic changes can arise independently of DNA sequence alterations and have been associated with altered gene expression and transmitted phenotypic variation. By modulating plant development and physiological responses to environmental conditions, epigenetic diversity-naturally, genetically, chemically, or environmentally induced-can help optimise crop traits in an era challenged by global climate change. Beyond DNA sequence variation, the epigenetic modifications may contribute to breeding by providing useful markers and allowing the use of epigenome diversity to predict plant performance and increase final crop production. Given the difficulties in transferring the knowledge of the epigenetic mechanisms from model plants to crops, various strategies have emerged. Among those strategies are modelling frameworks dedicated to predicting epigenetically controlled-adaptive traits, the use of epigenetics for in vitro regeneration to accelerate crop breeding, and changes of specific epigenetic marks that modulate gene expression of traits of interest. The key challenge that agriculture faces in the 21st century is to increase crop production by speeding up the breeding of resilient crop species. Therefore, epigenetics provides fundamental molecular information with potential direct applications in crop enhancement, tolerance, and adaptation within the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kakoulidou
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (I.K.); (F.J.)
| | - Evangelia V. Avramidou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Dimitra (ELGO-DIMITRA), 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Miroslav Baránek
- Faculty of Horticulture, Mendeleum—Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 334, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic;
| | - Sophie Brunel-Muguet
- UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions N, C, S, UNICAEN, INRAE, Normandie Université, CEDEX, F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Sara Farrona
- Plant and AgriBiosciences Centre, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland (NUI) Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Frank Johannes
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; (I.K.); (F.J.)
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eirini Kaiserli
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Michal Lieberman-Lazarovich
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Velimir Mladenov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Sq. Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-(CIB-CSIC), Ramiro Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Valya Vassileva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bldg. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Stéphane Maury
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE, EA1207 USC1328, Université d’Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France
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8
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Xu X, Chen X, Shen X, Chen R, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lin W, Xu X, Lin Y, Lai Z. Genome-wide identification and characterization of DEAD-box helicase family associated with early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153364. [PMID: 33465637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DEAD-box (DDX) proteins belong to the largest subfamily of RNA helicase SF2, which contributes to all biological processes of RNA metabolism in the plant kingdom. Till now, no significant data are available regarding studies on DDX in Somatic Embryogenesis (SE) of woody plants. It is important to investigate the biological function of the DlDDX family in longan SE. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of 58 longan DEAD-box (DlDDX) genes characterization was performed by genome-wide identification and transcript abundance validation analysis. Homologous evolution has revealed that some DlDDXs in longan had high sequence similarity with Mus musculus, Citrus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, indicating that DlDDXs were highly conservative in the animal, plant, and microorganism. Remarkably, gene duplication, purifying selection, and alternative splicing events, and new auxiliary domains have likely contributed to the functional evolution of DlDDX, indicating that DlDDX appeared neofunctionalization in longan. Besides, DlDDX3, 15, 28, 36 might interact with protein complex (MAC3A, MAC3B, CDC5, CBP20) of miRNA biosynthesis. Notably, DlDDX28 contained a novel auxiliary domain (CAF-1 p150), which might contribute to DNA demethylation in longan early SE. 4 DlDDX genes significantly expressed not only in early SE and zygotic embryogenesis (ZE) but also up-regulated at high levels in 'Honghezi' and 'Quanlongbaihe' with abortive seeds, which are of great significance. Moreover, some DlDDXs presented abiotic stress-response dynamic expression patterns by ABA, SA, JA, and NaCl treatments during early SE. Hence, DEAD-box is essential to SE development and seed abortive in longan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rongzhu Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- Quanzhou Agricultural Science Research Institute, Quanzhou, 362212, China
| | - Xuhan Xu
- Institut de la Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Toulouse, IRIT-ARI, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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9
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Castander-Olarieta A, Pereira C, Sales E, Meijón M, Arrillaga I, Cañal MJ, Goicoa T, Ugarte MD, Moncaleán P, Montalbán IA. Induction of Radiata Pine Somatic Embryogenesis at High Temperatures Provokes a Long-Term Decrease in DNA Methylation/Hydroxymethylation and Differential Expression of Stress-Related Genes. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121762. [PMID: 33322106 PMCID: PMC7762990 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Based on the hypothesis that embryo development is a crucial stage for the formation of stable epigenetic marks that could modulate the behaviour of the resulting plants, in this study, radiata pine somatic embryogenesis was induced at high temperatures (23 °C, eight weeks, control; 40 °C, 4 h; 60 °C, 5 min) and the global methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of emerging embryonal masses and somatic plants were analysed using LC-ESI-MS/ MS-MRM. In this context, the expression pattern of six genes previously described as stress-mediators was studied throughout the embryogenic process until plant level to assess whether the observed epigenetic changes could have provoked a sustained alteration of the transcriptome. Results indicated that the highest temperatures led to hypomethylation of both embryonal masses and somatic plants. Moreover, we detected for the first time in a pine species the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and revealed its tissue specificity and potential involvement in heat-stress responses. Additionally, a heat shock protein-coding gene showed a down-regulation tendency along the process, with a special emphasis given to embryonal masses at first subculture and ex vitro somatic plants. Likewise, the transcripts of several proteins related with translation, oxidative stress response, and drought resilience were differentially expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cátia Pereira
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (C.P.)
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ester Sales
- Departament of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Zaragoza, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Mónica Meijón
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Isabel Arrillaga
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto BiotecMed, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - María Jesús Cañal
- Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology and University Institute of Biotechnology (IUBA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Tomás Goicoa
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (T.G.); (M.D.U.)
- INAMAT2 (Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ugarte
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (T.G.); (M.D.U.)
- INAMAT2 (Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.A.M.)
| | - Itziar A. Montalbán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.A.M.)
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10
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Abulfaraj AA. Stepwise signal transduction cascades under salt stress in leaves of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1807408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aala Abdulaziz Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Ibáñez S, Carneros E, Testillano PS, Pérez-Pérez JM. Advances in Plant Regeneration: Shake, Rattle and Roll. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E897. [PMID: 32708602 PMCID: PMC7412315 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Some plant cells are able to rebuild new organs after tissue damage or in response to definite stress treatments and/or exogenous hormone applications. Whole plants can develop through de novo organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Recent findings have enlarged our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms required for tissue reprogramming during plant regeneration. Genetic analyses also suggest the key role of epigenetic regulation during de novo plant organogenesis. A deeper understanding of plant regeneration might help us to enhance tissue culture optimization, with multiple applications in plant micropropagation and green biotechnology. In this review, we will provide additional insights into the physiological and molecular framework of plant regeneration, including both direct and indirect de novo organ formation and somatic embryogenesis, and we will discuss the key role of intrinsic and extrinsic constraints for cell reprogramming during plant regeneration.
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Grants
- BIO2015-64255-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- RTI2018-096505-B-I00 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- AGL2017-82447-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- IDIFEDER 2018/016 Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana
- PROMETEO/2019/117 Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana
- ACIF/2018/220 Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (P.S.T.)
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Margarita Salas Center of Biological Research, CIB Margarita Salas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.); (P.S.T.)
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12
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Guo H, Guo H, Zhang L, Fan Y, Wu J, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Zeng F. Dynamic Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Uncharacterized Complex Regulatory Pathway Underlying Genotype-Recalcitrant Somatic Embryogenesis Transdifferentiation in Cotton. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E519. [PMID: 32392816 PMCID: PMC7290922 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a notable illustration of totipotency and plant regeneration, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the developmental reprogramming of somatic cells toward the embryogenesis pathway, the key step for genetic engineering. Investigations examining the totipotency process are of great fundamental and practical importance in crop biotechnology. However, high-frequency regeneration of cotton via SE has been limited due to genotype-dependent response. The molecular basis deciphering SE genotype recalcitrance remains largely unexplored in cotton. In the current study, to comprehensively investigate the dynamic transcriptional profiling and gene regulatory patterns involved in SE process, a genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis was performed in two cotton genotypes with distinct embryogenic abilities, the highly embryogenic genotype Yuzao 1 (YZ) and the recalcitrant genotype Lumian 1 (LM). Three typical developmental staged cultures of early SE-hypocotyls (HY), nonembryogenic calli (NEC) and primary embryogenic calli (PEC)-were selected to establish the transcriptional profiles. Our data revealed that a total of 62,562 transcripts were present amongst different developmental stages in the two genotypes. Of these, 18,394 and 26,514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during callus dedifferentiation (NEC-VS-HY) and embryogenic transdifferentiation (PEC-VS-NEC), respectively in the recalcitrant genotype, 21,842 and 22,343 DEGs in the highly embryogenic genotype. Furthermore, DEGs were clustered into six expression patterns during cotton SE process in the two genotypes. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in fatty acid, tryptophan and pyruvate metabolism in the highly embryogenic genotype and in DNA conformation change otherwise in the recalcitrant genotype. In addition, critical SE-associated expressed transcription factors, as well as alternative splicing events, were notably and preferentially activated during embryogenic transdifferentiation in the highly embryogenic genotype compared with the recalcitrant genotype. Taken together, by systematically comparing two genotypes with distinct embryogenic abilities, the findings in our study revealed a comprehensive overview of the dynamic gene regulatory patterns and uncharacterized complex regulatory pathways during cotton SE genotype-dependent response. Our work provides insights into the molecular basis and important gene resources for understanding the underlying genotype recalcitrance during SE process and plant regeneration, thereby holding great promise for accelerating the application of biotechnology to cotton for improving its breeding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanchang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (H.G.); (H.G.); (L.Z.); (Y.F.); (J.W.); (Z.T.); (Y.Z.); (Y.F.)
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13
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Methylation Analysis of CpG Islands in Pineapple SERK1 Promoter. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040425. [PMID: 32326553 PMCID: PMC7231283 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a more rapid and controllable method for plant propagation than traditional breeding methods. However, it often suffers from limited efficiency. SERK1 promotes SE in several plants, including pineapple (Ananas comosus L.). We investigate the embryonic cell-specific transcriptional regulation of AcSERK1 by methylation analysis of CpG islands in AcSERK1 regulatory sequences. This revealed differences in the methylation status of CpG islands between embryonic callus and non-embryonic callus; the methylation inhibitor 5-azaC increased AcSERK1 expression and also accelerated SE. These findings indicate that the expression of AcSERK1 is regulated epigenetically. This study lays the foundation for further analysis of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that may enhance the efficiency of SE in pineapple and other plants.
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14
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de Araújo Silva-Cardoso IM, Meira FS, Gomes ACMM, Scherwinski-Pereira JE. Histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of pre-embryogenic cells determined for direct somatic embryogenesis in the palm tree Syagrus oleracea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:845-875. [PMID: 31517991 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis in palm trees is, in general, a slow and highly complex process, with a predominance of the indirect route and, consequently, a lack of knowledge about the direct route. We present new knowledge related to the morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of the transition from somatic to embryogenic cells and direct formation of somatic embryos from mature zygotic embryos of Syagrus oleracea, a palm tree. The results support the general concept that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plays a critical role for the formation of somatic embryos of direct and multicellular origin. Seven days in medium with auxin were enough for the identification of embryogenic cells. These cells had a set of characteristics corresponding to totipotent stem cells. At 14 days on induction medium, nodular formations were observed in the distal region of inoculated embryos, which evolved into globular somatic embryos. At 120 days on induction medium, the quality of the somatic embryos was compromised. The dynamics of the mobilization of reserve compounds was also demonstrated, with emphasis on starch and protein as energy sources required for the embryogenic process. This study shows for the first time the anatomical and ultrastructural events involved in direct somatic embryogenesis in a palm tree and incites the scientific community to return to the discussion of classical concepts related to direct somatic embryogenesis, especially regarding the characteristics and location of determined pre-embryogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaê M de Araújo Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Forest Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture II, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Meira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana C M M Gomes
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Microscopy, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonny E Scherwinski-Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture II, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Microscopy, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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15
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Narváez I, Martín C, Jiménez-Díaz RM, Mercado JA, Pliego-Alfaro F. Plant Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis in Mature Wild Olive Genotypes Resistant to the Defoliating Pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1471. [PMID: 31798615 PMCID: PMC6868069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration capacity, via somatic embryogenesis, of four wild olive genotypes differing in their response to defoliating Verticillium dahliae (resistant genotypes StopVert, OutVert, Ac-18 and the susceptible one, Ac-15) has been evaluated. To induce somatic embryogenesis, methodologies previously used in wild or cultivated olive were used. Results revealed the importance of genotype, explant type, and hormonal balance in the induction process. Use of apical buds obtained from micropropagated shoots following a methodology used in cultivated olive (4 days induction in liquid 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 30 µM TDZ-0.54 µM NAA, followed by 8 weeks in basal 1/2 MS medium) was adequate to obtain somatic embryos in two genotypes, StopVert and Ac-18, with a 5.0 and 2.5% induction rates, respectively; however, no embryogenic response was observed in the other two genotypes. Embryogenic cultures were transferred to basal ECO medium supplemented with 0.5 µM 2iP, 0.44 µM BA, and 0.25 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for further proliferation. Somatic embryos from StopVert were maturated and germinated achieving a 35.4% conversion rate. An analysis of genetic stability on StopVert, using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) markers, was carried out in embryogenic callus, plants regenerated from this callus and two controls, micropropagated shoots used as explant source, and the original mother plant. Polymorphism was only observed in the banding pattern generated by RAPDs in 1 of the 10 callus samples evaluated, resulting in a variation rate of 0.07%. This is the first time in which plants have been regenerated via somatic embryogenesis in wild olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Narváez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
- Departamento de Agronomía, College of Agriculture and Forestry (ETSIAM), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio C-4 Celestino Mutis, Campus Rabanales, Ctra. de Madrid, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose A. Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Pliego-Alfaro
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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16
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Pérez-Pérez Y, El-Tantawy AA, Solís MT, Risueño MC, Testillano PS. Stress-Induced Microspore Embryogenesis Requires Endogenous Auxin Synthesis and Polar Transport in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1200. [PMID: 31611902 PMCID: PMC6776631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced microspore embryogenesis is a model in vitro system of cell reprogramming, totipotency acquisition, and embryo development. After induction, responsive microspores abandon their developmental program to follow an embryogenic pathway, leading to in vitro embryo formation. This process is widely used to produce doubled-haploid lines, essential players to create new materials in modern breeding programs, particularly in cereals, although its efficiency is still low in many crop species, because the regulating mechanisms are still elusive. Stress signaling and endogenous hormones, mainly auxin, have been proposed as determinant factors of microspore embryogenesis induction in some eudicot species; however, much less information is available in monocot plants. In this study, we have analyzed the dynamics and possible role of endogenous auxin during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in the monocot Hordeum vulgare, barley. The results showed auxin accumulation in early proembryo cells, from embryogenesis initiation and a further increase with embryo development and differentiation, correlating with the induction and expression pattern of the auxin biosynthesis gene HvTAR2-like. Pharmacological treatments with kynurenine, inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis, and α-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyric acid (PCIB), auxin antagonist, impaired embryogenesis initiation and development, indicating that de novo auxin synthesis and its activity were required for the process. Efflux carrier gene HvPIN1-like was also induced with embryogenesis initiation and progression; auxin transport inhibition by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid significantly reduced embryo development at early and advanced stages. The results indicate activation of auxin biosynthesis with microspore embryogenesis initiation and progression, in parallel with the activation of polar auxin transport, and reveal a central role of auxin in the process in a monocot species. The findings give new insights into the complex regulation of stress-induced microspore embryogenesis, particularly in monocot plants for which information is still scarce, and suggest that manipulation of endogenous auxin content could be a target to improve in vitro embryo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Teresa Solís
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Risueño
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Testillano PS. Microspore embryogenesis: targeting the determinant factors of stress-induced cell reprogramming for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2965-2978. [PMID: 30753698 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Under stress, isolated microspores are reprogrammed in vitro towards embryogenesis, producing doubled haploid plants that are useful biotechnological tools in plant breeding as a source of new genetic variability, fixed in homozygous plants in only one generation. Stress-induced cell death and low rates of cell reprogramming are major factors that reduce yield. Knowledge gained in recent years has revealed that initiation and progression of microspore embryogenesis involve a complex network of factors, whose roles are not yet well understood. Here, I review recent findings on the determinant factors underlying stress-induced microspore embryogenesis, focusing on the role of autophagy, cell death, auxin, chromatin modifications, and the cell wall. Autophagy and cell death proteases are crucial players in the response to stress, while cell reprogramming and acquisition of totipotency are regulated by hormonal and epigenetic mechanisms. Auxin biosynthesis, transport, and action are required for microspore embryogenesis. Initial stages involve DNA hypomethylation, H3K9 demethylation, and H3/H4 acetylation. Cell wall remodelling, with pectin de-methylesterification and arabinogalactan protein expression, is necessary for embryo development. Recent reports show that treatments with small modulators of autophagy, proteases, and epigenetic marks reduce cell death and enhance embryogenesis initiation in several crops, opening up new possibilities for improving in vitro embryo production in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants group, Biological Research Center, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Martínez MT, San-José MDC, Arrillaga I, Cano V, Morcillo M, Cernadas MJ, Corredoira E. Holm Oak Somatic Embryogenesis: Current Status and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:239. [PMID: 30967881 PMCID: PMC6438927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quercus ilex (holm oak) is one of the most representative trees in the Mediterranean basin, but now the sustainability of its ecosystems is at serious risk due to the lack of natural regeneration and to the presence of a severe disease called oak decline that has caused the death of thousands of trees. The application of biotechnological tools, such as somatic embryogenesis, allows programs of genetic improvement of the species to be speeded up and helps in the conservation of its ecosystems. Somatic embryogenesis is currently considered one of the main biotechnological techniques that has demonstrated significant benefits when has applied to forest tree species, providing significant advantages such as mass propagation, genetic transformation, application of synthetic seed, and cryopreservation of elite genotypes. In this report, the state of the art of somatic embryogenesis in holm oak is reviewed. Factors affecting the induction (plant donor age, type of explant, or plant growth regulators) and maintenance and proliferation of the embryogenic cultures are summarized. Advances on the conversion of somatic embryos into plants and on the acclimatization of these plantlets, as well as the results obtained on the application of the genetic transformation and the cryopreservation procedures to holm oak embryogenic cultures, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Arrillaga
- ISIC/ERI Biotec/Med, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marián Morcillo
- ISIC/ERI Biotec/Med, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Cernadas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena Corredoira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG-CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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19
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Kirilova E, Mickevica I, Mezaraupe L, Puckins A, Rubenina I, Osipovs S, Kokina I, Bulanovs A, Kirjusina M, Gavarane I. Novel dye for detection of callus embryo by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:353-359. [PMID: 30784170 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a new luminescent dye 3-N-(2-pyrrolidinylacetamido)benzanthrone (AZR) was synthesized. Spectroscopic measurements of the novel benzanthrone 3-aminoderivative were performed in seven organic solvents showing strong fluorescence. The capability of the prepared dye for visualization has been tested on flax, red clover and alfalfa to determinate the embryo in plant callus tissue cultures. Callus cells were stained with AZR and further analysed utilizing confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Performed experiments show high visualization effectiveness of newly synthesized fluorescent dye AZR that is efficient in fast and relatively inexpensive diagnostics of callus embryos that are problematic due to in vitro culture specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kirilova
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Ilona Mickevica
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Ligita Mezaraupe
- Department of Ecology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Aleksandrs Puckins
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Ilze Rubenina
- Department of Ecology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Osipovs
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Inese Kokina
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Bulanovs
- Department of Technology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Muza Kirjusina
- Department of Ecology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
| | - Inese Gavarane
- Department of Biotechnology, Daugavpils University, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils, Latvia
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20
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Méndez-Hernández HA, Ledezma-Rodríguez M, Avilez-Montalvo RN, Juárez-Gómez YL, Skeete A, Avilez-Montalvo J, De-la-Peña C, Loyola-Vargas VM. Signaling Overview of Plant Somatic Embryogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 30792725 PMCID: PMC6375091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a means by which plants can regenerate bipolar structures from a somatic cell. During the process of cell differentiation, the explant responds to endogenous stimuli, which trigger the induction of a signaling response and, consequently, modify the gene program of the cell. SE is probably the most studied plant regeneration model, but to date it is the least understood due to the unclear mechanisms that occur at a cellular level. In this review, the authors seek to emphasize the importance of signaling on plant SE, highlighting the interactions between the different plant growth regulators (PGR), mainly auxins, cytokinins (CKs), ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA), during the induction of SE. The role of signaling is examined from the start of cell differentiation through the early steps on the embryogenic pathway, as well as its relation to a plant's tolerance of different types of stress. Furthermore, the role of genes encoded to transcription factors (TFs) during the embryogenic process such as the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC), WUSCHEL (WUS), BABY BOOM (BBM) and CLAVATA (CLV) genes, Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs), APETALA 2 (AP2) and epigenetic factors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. Méndez-Hernández
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Maharshi Ledezma-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Randy N. Avilez-Montalvo
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Yary L. Juárez-Gómez
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Analesa Skeete
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Johny Avilez-Montalvo
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
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21
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Pérez-Pérez Y, Carneros E, Berenguer E, Solís MT, Bárány I, Pintos B, Gómez-Garay A, Risueño MC, Testillano PS. Pectin De-methylesterification and AGP Increase Promote Cell Wall Remodeling and Are Required During Somatic Embryogenesis of Quercus suber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1915. [PMID: 30671070 PMCID: PMC6331538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a reliable system for in vitro plant regeneration, with biotechnological applications in trees, but the regulating mechanisms are largely unknown. Changes in cell wall mechanics controlled by methylesterification of pectins, mediated by pectin methylesterases (PMEs) and pectin methyl esterase inhibitors (PMEIs) underlie many developmental processes. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins located at the surface of plasma membranes, in cell walls, and in extracellular secretions, with key roles in a range of different processes. In this study, we have investigated changes in two cell wall components, pectins and AGPs, during somatic embryogenesis in Quercus suber, a forest tree of high economic and ecologic value. At early embryogenesis stages, cells of proembryogenic masses showed high levels of esterified pectins and expression of QsPME and QsPMEI genes encoding a PME and a putative PMEI, respectively. At advanced stages, differentiating cells of heart, torpedo and cotyledonary embryos exhibited walls rich in de-esterified pectins, while QsPME gene expression and PME activity progressively increased. AGPs were detected in cell walls of proembryogenic masses and somatic embryos. QsLys-rich-AGP18, QsLys-rich-AGP17, and QsAGP16L1 gene expression increased with embryogenesis progression, as did the level of total AGPs, detected by dot blot with β-glucosyl Yariv reagent. Immuno dot blot, immunofluorescence assays and confocal analysis using monoclonal antibodies to high- (JIM7, LM20) and low- (JIM5, LM19) methylesterified pectins, and to certain AGP epitopes (LM6, LM2) showed changes in the amount and distribution pattern of esterified/de-esterified pectins and AGP epitopes, that were associated with proliferation and differentiation and correlated with expression of the PME and AGP genes analyzed. Pharmacological treatments with catechin, an inhibitor of PME activity, and Yariv reagent, which blocks AGPs, impaired the progression of embryogenesis, with pectin de-esterification and an increase in AGP levels being necessary for embryo development. Findings indicate a role for pectins and AGPs during somatic embryogenesis of cork oak, promoting the cell wall remodeling during the process. They also provide new insights into the regulating mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis in woody species, for which information is still scarce, opening up new possibilities to improve in vitro embryo production in tree breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez-Pérez
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Carneros
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Berenguer
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Solís
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivett Bárány
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pintos
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Gómez-Garay
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Physiology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. Risueño
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar S. Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants Group, Biological Research Center – Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Fister AS, Landherr L, Perryman M, Zhang Y, Guiltinan MJ, Maximova SN. Glucocorticoid receptor-regulated TcLEC2 expression triggers somatic embryogenesis in Theobroma cacao leaf tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207666. [PMID: 30475838 PMCID: PMC6261025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theobroma cacao, the source of cocoa, is a crop of particular importance in many developing countries. Availability of elite planting material is a limiting factor for increasing productivity of Theobroma cacao; therefore, the development of new strategies for clonal propagation is essential to improve farmers’ incomes and to meet increasing global demand for cocoa. To develop a more efficient embryogenesis system for cacao, tissue was transformed with a transgene encoding a fusion of Leafy Cotyledon 2 (TcLEC2) to a glucocorticoid receptor domain (GR) to control nuclear localization of the protein. Upon application of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex), downstream targets of LEC2 involved in seed-development were up-regulated and somatic embryos (SEs) were successfully regenerated from TcLEC2-GR transgenic flower and leaf tissue in large numbers. Immature SEs regenerated from TcLEC2-GR leaves were smaller in size than immature SEs from floral tissue, suggesting a different ontogenetic origin. Additionally, exposure of TcLEC2-GR floral explants to dex increased the number of SEs compared to floral explants from control, non-transgenic trees or from TcLEC2-GR floral explants not treated with dex. Testing different durations of exposure to dex indicated that a three-day treatment produced optimal embryo regeneration. Leaf derived SEs were successfully grown to maturity, converted into plants, and established in the greenhouse, demonstrating that these embryos are fully developmentally competent. In summary, we demonstrate that regulating TcLEC2 activity offers a powerful new strategy for optimizing somatic embryogenesis pipelines for cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Landherr
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Melanie Perryman
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Essenlix Corporation, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey
| | - Mark J. Guiltinan
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Siela N. Maximova
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Osorio-Montalvo P, Sáenz-Carbonell L, De-la-Peña C. 5-Azacytidine: A Promoter of Epigenetic Changes in the Quest to Improve Plant Somatic Embryogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3182. [PMID: 30332727 PMCID: PMC6214027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a widely studied process due to its biotechnological potential to generate large quantities of plants in short time frames and from different sources of explants. The success of SE depends on many factors, such as the nature of the explant, the microenvironment generated by in vitro culture conditions, and the regulation of gene expression, among others. Epigenetics has recently been identified as an important factor influencing SE outcome. DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms due to its essential role in gene expression, and its participation in SE is crucial. DNA methylation levels can be modified through the use of drugs such as 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, which has been used during SE protocols. The balance between hypomethylation and hypermethylation seems to be the key to SE success. Here, we discuss the most prominent recent research on the role of 5-AzaC in the regulation of DNA methylation, highlighting its importance during the SE process. Also, the molecular implications that this inhibitor might have for the increase or decrease in the embryogenic potential of various explants are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Osorio-Montalvo
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Sáenz-Carbonell
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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24
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Lalaleo L, Testillano P, Risueño MC, Cusidó RM, Palazon J, Alcazar R, Bonfill M. Effect of in vitro morphogenesis on the production of podophyllotoxin derivatives in callus cultures of Linum album. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 228:47-58. [PMID: 29852334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer compound podophyllotoxin and other related lignans can be produced in Linum album in vitro cultures, although their biosynthesis varies according to the degree of differentiation of the plant material. In general, L. album cell cultures do not form the same lignans as roots or other culture systems. Our aim was to explore how the lignan-producing capacity of organogenic cell masses is affected by the conditions that promote their formation and growth. Thus, L. album biomass obtained from plantlets was cultured in darkness or light, with or without the addition of plant growth regulators, and the levels of podophyllotoxin, methoxypodophyllotoxin and other related lignans were determined in each of these conditions. The organogenic capacity of the cell biomass grown in the different conditions was studied directly and also with light and scanning electronic microscopy, leading to the observation of.several somatic embryos and well-formed shoots. The main lignan produced was methoxypodophyllotoxin, whose production was clearly linked to the organogenic capacity of the cell biomass, which to a lesser extent was also the case for podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Lalaleo
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Testillano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Carmen Risueño
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Cusidó
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Palazon
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Alcazar
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Bonfill
- Sección de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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26
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Potocka I, Godel K, Dobrowolska I, Kurczyńska EU. Spatio-temporal localization of selected pectic and arabinogalactan protein epitopes and the ultrastructural characteristics of explant cells that accompany the changes in the cell fate during somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:573-589. [PMID: 29727861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During somatic embryogenesis (SE), explant cells undergo changes in the direction of their differentiation, which lead to diverse cell phenotypes. Although the genetic bases of the SE have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the chemical characteristics of the wall of the explant cells, which undergo changes in the direction of differentiation. Thus, we examined the occurrence of selected pectic and AGP epitopes in explant cells that display different phenotypes during SE. Explants examinations have been supplemented with an analysis of the ultrastructure. The deposition of selected pectic and AGP epitopes in somatic embryos was determined. Compared to an explant at the initial stage, a/embryogenic/totipotent and meristematic/pluripotent cells were characterized by a decrease in the presence of AGP epitopes, b/the presence of AGP epitopes in differentiated cells was similar, and c/an increase of analyzed epitopes was detected in the callus cells. Totipotent cells could be distinguished from pluripotent cells by: 1/the presence of the LM2 epitope in the latest one, 2/the appearance of the JIM16 epitope in totipotent cells, and 3/the more abundant presence of the JIM7 epitope in the totipotent cells. The LM5 epitope characterized the wall of the cells that were localized within the mass of embryogenic domain. The JIM8, JIM13 and JIM16 AGP epitopes appeared to be the most specific for the callus cells. The results indicate a relationship between the developmental state of the explant cells and the chemical composition of the cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Potocka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamila Godel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Izabela Dobrowolska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa U Kurczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
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27
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Jagodzik P, Tajdel-Zielinska M, Ciesla A, Marczak M, Ludwikow A. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Plant Hormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1387. [PMID: 30349547 PMCID: PMC6187979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling targets, including other kinases, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins or transcription factors, in all eukaryotic cells. A typical MAPK cascade consists of at least three sequentially acting serine/threonine kinases, a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) and finally, the MAP kinase (MAPK) itself, with each phosphorylating, and hence activating, the next kinase in the cascade. Recent advances in our understanding of hormone signaling pathways have led to the discovery of new regulatory systems. In particular, this research has revealed the emerging role of crosstalk between the protein components of various signaling pathways and the involvement of this crosstalk in multiple cellular processes. Here we provide an overview of current models and mechanisms of hormone signaling with a special emphasis on the role of MAPKs in cell signaling networks. One-sentence summary: In this review we highlight the mechanisms of crosstalk between MAPK cascades and plant hormone signaling pathways and summarize recent findings on MAPK regulation and function in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Jagodzik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tajdel-Zielinska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Ciesla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marczak
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwikow
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Agnieszka Ludwikow,
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28
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Testillano PS, Gómez-Garay A, Pintos B, Risueño MC. Somatic Embryogenesis of Quercus suber L. From Immature Zygotic Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1815:247-256. [PMID: 29981126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quercus suber L., cork oak, is a forest tree of high social and economic value. The cork is traditionally used in the wine industry to produce bottle stoppers, but it is also a very good material for both thermal and acoustic insulation in construction. Since its harvest does not harm the tree, the use of cork in the industry has a positive impact on the environment.Somatic embryogenesis is considered a feasible system for in vitro regeneration procedures, with many advantages in woody species. Classical genetic breeding programs have important limitations in forest trees, like cork oak, due to their long life span and difficulties of seed conservation and vegetative reproduction. Therefore, somatic embryogenesis has a great potential for large-scale propagation and cryopreservation of elite genotypes, as well as for transformation strategies. In the case of Q. suber, several in vitro propagation systems through somatic embryogenesis have been reported, with different efficiency rates.In the present chapter, updated information is reported about an efficient protocol for induction of somatic embryogenesis of Q. suber from immature zygotic embryos, as well as methods for proliferation and maturation of somatic embryos, germination, plantlet regeneration, and acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar S Testillano
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants, Biological Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Beatriz Pintos
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants, Biological Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Risueño
- Pollen Biotechnology of Crop Plants, Biological Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Díaz-Sala C. Molecular Dissection of the Regenerative Capacity of Forest Tree Species: Special Focus on Conifers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1943. [PMID: 30687348 PMCID: PMC6333695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) and organogenesis have become leading biotechnologies for forest tree improvement and the implementation of multi-varietal forestry. Despite major advances in clonal propagation using these technologies, many forest tree species, such as conifers, show a low regeneration capacity. Developmental factors such as genotype, the type and age of the explant or tissue, and the age and maturity of the mother tree are limiting factors for the success of propagation programs. This review summarizes recent research on the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of key steps in SE and organogenesis of forest tree species, mainly conifers. The interaction between auxin and stress conditions, the induction of cell identity regulators and the role of cell wall remodeling are reviewed. This information is essential to develop tools and strategies to improve clonal propagation programs for forest tree species.
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30
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Berenguer E, Bárány I, Solís MT, Pérez-Pérez Y, Risueño MC, Testillano PS. Inhibition of Histone H3K9 Methylation by BIX-01294 Promotes Stress-Induced Microspore Totipotency and Enhances Embryogenesis Initiation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1161. [PMID: 28706533 PMCID: PMC5489599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microspore embryogenesis is a process of cell reprogramming, totipotency acquisition and embryogenesis initiation, induced in vitro by stress treatments and widely used in plant breeding for rapid production of doubled-haploids, but its regulating mechanisms are still largely unknown. Increasing evidence has revealed epigenetic reprogramming during microspore embryogenesis, through DNA methylation, but less is known about the involvement of histone modifications. In this study, we have analyzed the dynamics and possible role of histone H3K9 methylation, a major repressive modification, as well as the effects on microspore embryogenesis initiation of BIX-01294, an inhibitor of histone methylation, tested for the first time in plants, in Brassica napus and Hordeum vulgare. Results revealed that microspore reprogramming and initiation of embryogenesis involved a low level of H3K9 methylation. With the progression of embryogenesis, methylation of H3K9 increased, correlating with gene expression profiles of BnHKMT SUVR4-like and BnLSD1-like (writer and eraser enzymes of H3K9me2). At early stages, BIX-01294 promoted cell reprogramming, totipotency and embryogenesis induction, while diminishing bulk H3K9 methylation. DNA methylation was also reduced by short-term BIX-01294 treatment. By contrast, long BIX-01294 treatments hindered embryogenesis progression, indicating that H3K9 methylation is required for embryo differentiation. These findings open up new possibilities to enhance microspore embryogenesis efficiency in recalcitrant species through pharmacological modulation of histone methylation by using BIX-01294.
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