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Lei Z, Ma Q, Tu Y, Qiu Y, Gong T, Lin Y, Zhou X, Li Y. Nicotinamide employs a starvation strategy against Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence by inhibiting the heme uptake system and gingipain activities. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38197801 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral bacterial infection characterized by inflammatory responses. Its high prevalence lowers the quality of life for individuals and increases the global economic and disease burden. As microorganisms in dental plaque are responsible for this oral disease, antibacterial drug treatments are effective strategies for preventing and treating periodontitis. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide (NAM), a vitamin B3 derivative, on the growth and virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key member of the red complex. Our findings revealed that NAM inhibited bacterial growth and gingipain activities, which played a dominant role in protein hydrolysis and heme acquisition. NAM decreased hemagglutination and hemolysis abilities and changed hemin and hemoglobin binding capacities, controlling bacterial infection through a starvation strategy by blocking access to growth-essential nutrients from the outside and reducing bacterial virulence. Several experiments in an animal model showed the effectiveness of NAM in preventing alveolar bone loss and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeting Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Modulatory Mechanisms of Pathogenicity in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Other Periodontal Pathobionts. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010015. [PMID: 36677306 PMCID: PMC9862357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of periodontitis depends on a sustained feedback loop where bacterial virulence factors and immune responses both contribute to inflammation and tissue degradation. Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that is associated with a pathogenic shift in the oral microbiome. Within this shift, low-abundance Gram-negative anaerobic pathobionts transition from harmless colonisers of the subgingival environment to a virulent state that drives evasion and subversion of innate and adaptive immune responses. This, in turn, drives the progression of inflammatory disease and the destruction of tooth-supporting structures. From an evolutionary perspective, bacteria have developed this phenotypic plasticity in order to respond and adapt to environmental stimuli or external stressors. This review summarises the available knowledge of genetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms which mediate the commensal-pathogen transition of periodontal bacteria. The review will focus primarily on Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Abstract
Lysine acetylation, a ubiquitous and dynamic regulatory posttranslational modification (PTM), affects hundreds of proteins across all domains of life. In bacteria, lysine acetylation can be found in many essential pathways, and it is also crucial for bacterial virulence. However, the biological significance of lysine acetylation events to bacterial virulence factors remains poorly characterized. In Streptococcus mutans, the acetylome profiles help identify several lysine acetylation sites of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid, causing the deterioration of teeth. We investigated the regulatory mechanism of LDH acetylation and characterized the effect of LDH acetylation on its function. We overexpressed the 15 Gcn5 N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) family members in S. mutans and showed that the acetyltransferase ActA impaired its acidogenicity by acetylating LDH. Additionally, enzymatic acetyltransferase reactions demonstrated that purified ActA could acetylate LDH in vitro, and 10 potential lysine acetylation sites of LDH were identified by mass spectrometry, 70% of which were also detected in vivo. We further demonstrated that the lysine acetylation of LDH inhibited its enzymatic activity, and a subsequent rat caries model showed that ActA impaired the cariogenicity of S. mutans. Collectively, we demonstrated that ActA, the first identified and characterized acetyltransferase in S. mutans, acetylated the LDH enzymatically and inhibited its enzymatic activity, thereby providing a starting point for the further analysis of the biological significance of lysine acetylation in the virulence of S. mutans.
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Wang J, Pang H, Yin L, Zeng F, Wang N, Hoare R, Monaghan SJ, Li W, Jian J. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Lysine Acetylome in the Aquatic Animals Pathogenic Bacterium Vibrio mimicus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816968. [PMID: 35250932 PMCID: PMC8891801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM), which is dynamic and reversible, playing a crucial regulatory role in almost every aspect of metabolism, of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several global lysine acetylome studies have been carried out in various bacteria, but thus far, there have been no reports of lysine acetylation for the commercially important aquatic animal pathogen Vibrio mimicus. In the present study, we used anti-Ac-K antibody beads to highly sensitive immune-affinity purification and combined high-resolution LC-MS/MS to perform the first global lysine acetylome analysis in V. mimicus, leading to the identification of 1,097 lysine-acetylated sites on 582 proteins, and more than half (58.4%) of the acetylated proteins had only one site. The analysis of acetylated modified peptide motifs revealed six significantly enriched motifs, namely, KacL, KacR, L(-2) KacL, LKacK, L(-7) EKac, and IEKac. In addition, bioinformatic assessments state clearly that acetylated proteins have a hand in many important biological processes in V. mimicus, such as purine metabolism, ribosome, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the TCA cycle, and so on. Moreover, 13 acetylated proteins were related to the virulence of V. mimicus. To sum up, this is a comprehensive analysis whole situation protein lysine acetylome in V. mimicus and provides an important foundation for in-depth study of the biological function of lysine acetylation in V. mimicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Wang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huanying Pang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huanying Pang,
| | - Linlin Yin
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zeng
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Rowena Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Sean J. Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Wanxin Li
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Wanxin Li, ,
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals and Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
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Oxidative/anti-oxidative effects of colloidal silver ions and chlorhexidine in saliva and gingival fluid of periodontal patients. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200921137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress is an important factor in periodontitis progress, hence examining the antioxidative properties of antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver ions solution (SSI), is a beneficial biomarker in estimating the recovery of tissue impairment during periodontal disease treatment. Methods. This clinical trial was conducted on the control group referred to healthy volunteers and individuals with periodontal disease, divided into two subgroups: before and after applying antiseptic treatments (CHX or SSI). Measurements of oxidative/antioxidative parameters were addressed to determine thiobarbituric acid products (TBARS) concentration and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD) activity in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal patients. Results. TBARS concentration was increased in saliva before the CHX treatment compared to the periodontal group after the CHX treatment, as well as before both CHX and SSI antiseptic treatment in CGF, compared to controls and periodontal groups after the treatment. Patients before SSI treatment had increased tSOD activity in saliva compared to the control group treated with SSI, as well as compared to patients after the SSI treatment. Additionally, tSOD activity was increased in GCF in patients with periodontitis before antiseptic treatment (CHX, SSI) compared to the control or the group of patients after the appropriate treatment. Conclusion. Our results revealed elevated lipid peroxidation in CGF, which reflected the promotion of oxidative stress during periodontal inflammation. The study suggests that antiseptics with antioxidant properties may reduce tissue damage initiated by periodontal disease. Moreover, the determination of oxidative/antioxidative parameters can be important for diagnosing, monitoring, and prognosis of the clinical state of periodontal patients.
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Ma Q, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Yu S, Huang J, Liu Y, Gong T, Li Y, Zou J. Post-translational Modifications in Oral Bacteria and Their Functional Impact. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:784923. [PMID: 34925293 PMCID: PMC8674579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral bacteria colonize the oral cavity, surrounding complex and variable environments. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are an efficient biochemical mechanism across all domains of life. Oral bacteria could depend on PTMs to quickly regulate their metabolic processes in the face of external stimuli. In recent years, thanks to advances in enrichment strategies, the number and variety of PTMs that have been identified and characterized in oral bacteria have increased. PTMs, covalently modified by diverse enzymes, occur in amino acid residues of the target substrate, altering the functions of proteins involved in different biological processes. For example, Ptk1 reciprocally phosphorylates Php1 on tyrosine residues 159 and 161, required for Porphyromonas gingivalis EPS production and community development with the antecedent oral biofilm constituent Streptococcus gordonii, and in turn Php1 dephosphorylates Ptk1 and rapidly causes the conversion of Ptk1 to a state of low tyrosine phosphorylation. Protein acetylation is also widespread in oral bacteria. In the acetylome of Streptococcus mutans, 973 acetylation sites were identified in 445 proteins, accounting for 22.7% of overall proteins involving virulence factors and pathogenic processes. Other PTMs in oral bacteria include serine or threonine glycosylation in Cnm involving intracerebral hemorrhage, arginine citrullination in peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), leading to inflammation, lysine succinylation in P. gingivalis virulence factors (gingipains, fimbriae, RagB, and PorR), and cysteine glutathionylation in thioredoxin-like protein (Tlp) in response to oxidative stress in S. mutans. Here we review oral bacterial PTMs, focusing on acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, citrullination, succinylation, and glutathionylation, and corresponding modifying enzymes. We describe different PTMs in association with some examples, discussing their potential role and function in oral bacteria physiological processes and regulatory networks. Identification and characterization of PTMs not only contribute to understanding their role in oral bacterial virulence, adaption, and resistance but will open new avenues to treat oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Abstract
Nε-lysine acetylation is an important, dynamic regulatory posttranslational modification (PTM) that is common in bacteria. Protein acetylomes have been characterized for more than 30 different species, and it is known that acetylation plays important regulatory roles in many essential biological processes. The levels of acetylation are enzymatically controlled by the opposing actions of lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. In bacteria, a second mechanism of acetylation exists and occurs via an enzyme-independent manner using the secondary metabolite acetyl-phosphate. Nonenzymatic acetylation accounts for global low levels of acetylation. Recently, studies concerning the role of protein acetylation in bacterial virulence have begun. Acetylated virulence factors have been identified and further characterized. The roles of the enzymes that acetylate and deacetylate proteins in the establishment of infection and biofilm formation have also been investigated. In this review, we discuss the acetylomes of human bacterial pathogens. We highlight examples of known acetylated virulence proteins and examine how they affect survival in the host. Finally, we discuss how acetylation might influence host-pathogen interactions and look at the contribution of acetylation to antimicrobial resistance.
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Sterlin D, Fadlallah J, Adams O, Fieschi C, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Rajkumar A, Autaa G, El-Kafsi H, Charuel JL, Juste C, Jönsson F, Candela T, Wardemann H, Aubry A, Capito C, Brisson H, Tresallet C, Cummings RD, Larsen M, Yssel H, von Gunten S, Gorochov G. Human IgA binds a diverse array of commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133553. [PMID: 31891367 PMCID: PMC7062531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, several grams of IgA are secreted every day in the intestinal lumen. While only one IgA isotype exists in mice, humans secrete IgA1 and IgA2, whose respective relations with the microbiota remain elusive. We compared the binding patterns of both polyclonal IgA subclasses to commensals and glycan arrays and determined the reactivity profile of native human monoclonal IgA antibodies. While most commensals are dually targeted by IgA1 and IgA2 in the small intestine, IgA1+IgA2+ and IgA1−IgA2+ bacteria coexist in the colon lumen, where Bacteroidetes is preferentially targeted by IgA2. We also observed that galactose-α terminated glycans are almost exclusively recognized by IgA2. Although bearing signs of affinity maturation, gut-derived IgA monoclonal antibodies are cross-reactive in the sense that they bind to multiple bacterial targets. Private anticarbohydrate-binding patterns, observed at clonal level as well, could explain these apparently opposing features of IgA, being at the same time cross-reactive and selective in its interactions with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EA 3518, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Asok Rajkumar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Autaa
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hela El-Kafsi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Juste
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Candela
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Capito
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hélène Brisson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tresallet
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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9
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Zeng J, Wu L, Chen Q, Wang L, Qiu W, Zheng X, Yin X, Liu J, Ren Y, Li Y. Comprehensive profiling of protein lysine acetylation and its overlap with lysine succinylation in the Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriated strain ATCC 33277. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 35:240-250. [PMID: 32939976 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogen closely associated with periodontal and systemic infections. Recently, lysine acetylation (Kac) and lysine succinylation (Ksuc) have been identified in bacterial proteins with diverse biological and pathological functions. The Ksuc of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 has been characterized in our previous work, and here, we report the systematic analysis of Kac and its crosstalk with Ksuc in this bacterium. A combination of the affinity enrichment by the acetyl-lysine antibody with highly sensitive LC-MS/MS was used to identify the lysine-acetylated proteins and sites in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. A total of 1,112 lysine-acetylated sites matching 438 proteins were identified. These proteins involved in several cellular processes, especially those proteins related to protein biosynthesis and central metabolism had a high tendency to be lysine acetylated. Moreover, lysine sites flanked by tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine in the +1 position, as well as residue lysine in position +4 to +5, were the targets of Kac. Additionally, proteins involved in adhesins, gingipains, black pigmentation, and oxidative stress resistance were identified as substrates of Kac. Collectively, these results suggest Kac may play a critical role in the regulation of physiology and virulence of P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we discovered that, Ksuc and Kac were extensively overlapped in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, especially in proteins related to ribosomes and metabolism. This study provides a significant beginning for further investigating the role of Kac and Ksuc in the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Leng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiushi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Clinical Laboratory of BGI Health, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Chopra A, Bhat SG, Sivaraman K. Porphyromonas gingivalis adopts intricate and unique molecular mechanisms to survive and persist within the host: a critical update. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1801090. [PMID: 32944155 PMCID: PMC7482874 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
is an obligate, asaccharolytic, gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with increased periodontal and systemic inflammation. P. gingivalis is known to survive and persist within the host tissues as it modulates the entire ecosystem by either engineering its environment or modifying the host's immune response. It interacts with various host receptors and alters signaling pathways of inflammation, complement system, cell cycle, and apoptosis. P. gingivalis is even known to induce suicidal cell death of the host and other microbes in its vicinity with the emergence of pathobiont species. Recently, new molecular and immunological mechanisms and virulence factors of P. gingivalis that increase its chance of survival and immune evasion within the host have been discovered. Thus, the present paper aims to provide a consolidated update on the new intricate and unique molecular mechanisms and virulence factors of P. gingivalis associated with its survival, persistence, and immune evasion within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subraya G. Bhat
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdul Rahman Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Karthik Sivaraman
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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11
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Kampstra ASB, Dekkers JS, Volkov M, Dorjée AL, Hafkenscheid L, Kempers AC, van Delft M, Kissel T, Reijm S, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Bang H, Huizinga TWJ, Trouw LA, van der Woude D, Toes REM. Different classes of anti-modified protein antibodies are induced on exposure to antigens expressing only one type of modification. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:908-916. [PMID: 31151934 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies against post-translationally modified proteins (anti-modified protein antibodies or AMPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A variety of classes of AMPAs against different modifications on proteins, such as citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation, have now been described in RA. At present, there is no conceptual framework explaining the concurrent presence or mutual relationship of different AMPA responses in RA. Here, we aimed to gain understanding of the co-occurrence of AMPA by postulating that the AMPA response shares a common 'background' that can evolve into different classes of AMPAs. METHODS Mice were immunised with modified antigens and analysed for AMPA responses. In addition, reactivity of AMPA purified from patients with RA towards differently modified antigens was determined. RESULTS Immunisation with carbamylated proteins induced AMPAs recognising carbamylated proteins and also acetylated proteins. Similarly, acetylated proteins generated (autoreactive) AMPAs against other modifications as well. Analysis of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies from patients with RA revealed that these also display reactivity to acetylated and carbamylated antigens. Similarly, anti-carbamylated protein antibodies showed cross-reactivity against all three post-translational modifications. CONCLUSIONS Different AMPA responses can emerge from exposure to only a single type of modified protein. These findings indicate that different AMPA responses can originate from a common B-cell response that diversifies into multiple distinct AMPA responses and explain the presence of multiple AMPAs in RA, one of the hallmarks of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikhail Volkov
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie L Dorjée
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ayla C Kempers
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Delft
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Reijm
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Bang
- Research and development, Orgentec Diagnostika, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diane van der Woude
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Global Lysine Acetylation in Escherichia coli Results from Growth Conditions That Favor Acetate Fermentation. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00768-18. [PMID: 30782634 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00768-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is thought to provide a mechanism for regulating metabolism in diverse bacteria. Indeed, many studies have shown that the majority of enzymes involved in central metabolism are acetylated and that acetylation can alter enzyme activity. However, the details regarding this regulatory mechanism are still unclear, specifically with regard to the signals that induce lysine acetylation. To better understand this global regulatory mechanism, we profiled changes in lysine acetylation during growth of Escherichia coli on the hexose glucose or the pentose xylose at both high and low sugar concentrations using label-free mass spectrometry. The goal was to see whether lysine acetylation differed during growth on these two different sugars. No significant differences, however, were observed. Rather, the initial sugar concentration was the principal factor governing changes in lysine acetylation, with higher sugar concentrations causing more acetylation. These results suggest that acetylation does not target specific metabolic pathways but rather simply targets accessible lysines, which may or may not alter enzyme activity. They further suggest that lysine acetylation principally results from conditions that favor accumulation of acetyl phosphate, the principal acetate donor in E. coli IMPORTANCE Bacteria alter their metabolism in response to nutrient availability, growth conditions, and environmental stresses using a number of different mechanisms. One is lysine acetylation, a posttranslational modification known to target many metabolic enzymes. However, little is known about this regulatory mode. We investigated the factors inducing changes in lysine acetylation by comparing growth on glucose and xylose. We found that the specific sugar used for growth did not alter the pattern of acetylation; rather, the amount of sugar did, with more sugar causing more acetylation. These results imply that lysine acetylation is a global regulatory mechanism that is responsive not to the specific carbon source per se but rather to the accumulation of downstream metabolites.
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13
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Christensen DG, Baumgartner JT, Xie X, Jew KM, Basisty N, Schilling B, Kuhn ML, Wolfe AJ. Mechanisms, Detection, and Relevance of Protein Acetylation in Prokaryotes. mBio 2019; 10:e02708-18. [PMID: 30967470 PMCID: PMC6456759 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02708-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of a protein, either alone or in combination with other modifications, can control properties of that protein, such as enzymatic activity, localization, stability, or interactions with other molecules. N-ε-Lysine acetylation is one such modification that has gained attention in recent years, with a prevalence and significance that rival those of phosphorylation. This review will discuss the current state of the field in bacteria and some of the work in archaea, focusing on both mechanisms of N-ε-lysine acetylation and methods to identify, quantify, and characterize specific acetyllysines. Bacterial N-ε-lysine acetylation depends on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms of acetylation, and recent work has shed light into the regulation of both mechanisms. Technological advances in mass spectrometry have allowed researchers to gain insight with greater biological context by both (i) analyzing samples either with stable isotope labeling workflows or using label-free protocols and (ii) determining the true extent of acetylation on a protein population through stoichiometry measurements. Identification of acetylated lysines through these methods has led to studies that probe the biological significance of acetylation. General and diverse approaches used to determine the effect of acetylation on a specific lysine will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Christensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - J T Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - X Xie
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - K M Jew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - N Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - B Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - M L Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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14
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Wu L, Gong T, Zhou X, Zeng J, Huang R, Wu Y, Li Y. Global analysis of lysine succinylome in the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2019; 34:74-83. [PMID: 30672658 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis is not only a keystone periodontal pathogen but also an emerging systemic pathogen. Although the newly discovered protein post-translational modification (PTM), lysine succinylation (Ksuc), appears to play an important role in modulating metabolic processes in bacteria, this PTM has not been investigated in P gingivalis. In this study, we used a highly sensitive proteomics approach combining affinity enrichment with high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to examine Ksuc in P gingivalis. In total, 345 Ksuc sites in 233 proteins were identified and determined to be involved in a variety of cellular processes. In the region surrounding Ksuc sites, lysine residues were drastically overrepresented and sequence motifs with succinyl-lysine flanked by a lysine at the +3 or +6 positions appear to be unique to this pathogen. Additionally, our results suggest a crosstalk between Ksuc and glycosylation, but the overlap between Ksuc and acetylation in P gingivalis is quite different from that observed in other organisms. Notably, Ksuc was observed in proteins associated with established virulence factors, including gingipains, fimbriae, RagB, and PorR. Moreover, products of the factors necessary for P gingivalis in vitro survival (18.5%) were found to be succinylated at lysine sites and the same was observed in products of fitness factors for P gingivalis survival in both abscess and epithelial cell colonization environments (12%). Collectively, these results suggest that Ksuc may be a new mechanism in modulating the virulence, adaptation, and fitness of P gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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15
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Role of Acetyltransferase PG1842 in Gingipain Biogenesis in Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00385-18. [PMID: 30249709 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00385-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major etiologic agent in adult periodontitis, produces large amounts of proteases that are important for its survival and pathogenesis. The activation/maturation of gingipains, the major proteases, in P. gingivalis involves a complex network of processes which are not yet fully understood. VimA, a putative acetyltransferase and virulence-modulating protein in P. gingivalis, is known to be involved in gingipain biogenesis. P. gingivalis FLL92, a vimA-defective isogenic mutant (vimA::ermF-ermAM) showed late-onset gingipain activity at stationary phase, indicating the likelihood of a complementary functional VimA homolog in that growth phase. This study aimed to identify a functional homolog(s) that may activate the gingipains in the absence of VimA at stationary phase. A bioinformatics analysis showed five putative GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) encoded in the P. gingivalis genome that are structurally related to VimA. Allelic exchange mutagenesis was used to make deletion mutants for these acetyltransferases in the P. gingivalis vimA-defective mutant FLL102 (ΔvimA::ermF) genetic background. One of the mutants, designated P. gingivalis FLL126 (ΔvimA-ΔPG1842), did not show any late-onset gingipain activity at stationary phase compared to that of the parent strain P. gingivalis FLL102. A Western blot analysis of stationary-phase extracellular fractions with antigingipain antibodies showed immunoreactive bands that were similar in size to those for the progingipain species present only in the ΔvimA-ΔPG1842 isogenic mutant. Both recombinant VimA and PG1842 proteins acetylated Y230, K247, and K248 residues in the pro-RgpB substrate. Collectively, these findings indicate that PG1842 may play a significant role in the activation/maturation of gingipains in P. gingivalis IMPORTANCE Gingipain proteases are key virulence factors secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis that cause periodontal tissue damage and the degradation of the host immune system proteins. Gingipains are translated as an inactive zymogen to restrict intracellular proteolytic activity before secretion. Posttranslational processing converts the inactive proenzyme to a catalytically active protease. Gingipain biogenesis, including its secretion and activation, is a complex process which is still not fully understood. One recent study identified acetylated lysine residues in the three gingipains RgpA, RgpB, and Kgp, thus indicating a role for acetylation in gingipain biogenesis. Here, we show that the acetyltransferases VimA and PG1842 can acetylate the pro-RgpB gingipain species. These findings further indicate that acetylation is a potential mechanism in the gingipain activation/maturation pathway in P. gingivalis.
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Yang Y, Wang H, Ding J, Xu Y. iAcet-Sumo: Identification of lysine acetylation and sumoylation sites in proteins by multi-class transformation methods. Comput Biol Med 2018; 100:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Influence of Dental Restorations on Oxidative Stress in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1823189. [PMID: 30140362 PMCID: PMC6081590 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1823189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of dental materials (DM) can be evaluated by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) oxidative stress (OS) status. The goal of the study was to ascertain influence of dental caries degree, teeth position, and type and amount of applied DM on GCF OS profile. For this purpose, we tested six DMs that were sealed in one session: amalgam (Amg), composites: Tetric EvoCeram and Beautifil (BF), phosphate cement-zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements-zinc polycarboxylate cements, and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The study included 88 dental outpatients. Follow-up was scheduled at 7th and 30th day. Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and total superoxide dismutase (tSOD) activity) were measured before (0th day) and after the treatment (7th and 30th day) in GCF. Control teeth were mirror-positioned healthy teeth. The DM accomplished the following effects (listed in descending order): increase of GSH in GCF was realized by ZPoC > BF > GIC > Amg; tSOD activity increase by ZPoC > BF > Amg; and MDA decrease by ZPoC > ZPhC > Amg > TEC. Dental caries provokes insignificant rise of OS in GCF. ZPoC and ZPhC showed the highest antioxidant effect, contrary to GIC. Restorations with antioxidant properties may reduce gum diseases initiated by caries lesion, what is of great clinical relevance in dentistry.
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18
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Li Y, Krishnan K, Duncan MJ. Post-translational regulation of a Porphyromonas gingivalis regulator. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 10:1487743. [PMID: 29988788 PMCID: PMC6032018 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1487743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacteria use two-component signal transduction systems (among others) to perceive and respond to environmental changes. Within the genus Porphyromonas, we observed degeneration of these systems, as exemplified by the loss of RprX, the sensor kinase partner of the RprY. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate modulation of RprY function by acetylation. Design: The transcriptional activity of the rprY-pat genes were measured by RT-PCR and 5ʹ-RACE. The acetylation of RprY were detected by western blotting. Electromobility shift and in vitro ChIP assays were used to measure the DNA binding activity of RprY. The expression of RprY target genes was measured by qRT-PCR. Effects of acetylation on phosphorylation of RprY were measured by Phos-tag gels. Results: The rprY gene is cotranscribed with pat. RprY is acetylated in vivo, and autoacetylated in vitro in a reaction that is enhanced by Pat; the CobB sirtuin deacetylates RprY. Acetylation reduced the DNA binding of RprY. Induced oxidative stress decreased production of RprY in vivo, increased its acetylation and increased expression of nqrA. Conclusions: We propose that to compensate for the loss of RprX, P. gingivalis has evolved a novel mechanism to inactivate RprY through acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Karthik Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Office of Dean of Research and Graduate Studies, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
| | - Margaret J Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Türkowsky D, Esken J, Goris T, Schubert T, Diekert G, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M. A Retentive Memory of Tetrachloroethene Respiration in Sulfurospirillum halorespirans - involved Proteins and a possible link to Acetylation of a Two-Component Regulatory System. J Proteomics 2018; 181:36-46. [PMID: 29617628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Organohalide respiration (OHR), comprising the reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds, is subject to a unique memory effect and long-term transcriptional downregulation of the involved genes in Sulfurospirillum multivorans. Gene expression ceases slowly over approximately 100 generations in the absence of tetrachloroethene (PCE). However, the molecular mechanisms of this regulation process are not understood. We show here that Sulfurospirillum halorespirans undergoes the same type of regulation when cultivated without chlorinated ethenes for a long period of time. In addition, we compared the proteomes of S. halorespirans cells cultivated in the presence of PCE with those of cells long- and short-term cultivated with nitrate as the sole electron acceptor. Important OHR-related proteins previously unidentified in S. multivorans include a histidine kinase, a putative quinol dehydrogenase membrane protein, and a PCE-induced porin. Since for some regulatory proteins a posttranslational regulation of activity by lysine acetylations is known, we also analyzed the acetylome of S. halorespirans, revealing that 32% of the proteome was acetylated in at least one condition. The data indicate that the response regulator and the histidine kinase of a two-component system most probably involved in induction of PCE respiration are highly acetylated during short-term cultivation with nitrate in the absence of PCE. SIGNIFICANCE The so far unique long-term downregulation of organohalide respiration is now identified in a second species suggesting a broader distribution of this regulatory phenomenon. An improved protein extraction method allowed the identification of proteins most probably involved in transcriptional regulation of OHR in Sulfurospirillum spp. Our data indicate that acetylations of regulatory proteins are involved in this extreme, sustained standby-mode of metabolic enzymes in the absence of a substrate. This first published acetylome of Epsilonproteobacteria might help to study other ecologically or medically important species of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Türkowsky
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Esken
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Goris
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Schubert
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Diekert
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Philosophenweg 12, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße, 34, Germany.
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20
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Ren J, Sang Y, Lu J, Yao YF. Protein Acetylation and Its Role in Bacterial Virulence. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:768-779. [PMID: 28462789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation is a universal post-translational modification which is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This process is achieved enzymatically by the protein acetyltransferase Pat, and nonenzymatically by metabolic intermediates (e.g., acetyl phosphate) in bacteria. Protein acetylation plays a role in bacterial chemotaxis, metabolism, DNA replication, and other cellular processes. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that protein acetylation might be involved in bacterial virulence because a number of bacterial virulence factors are acetylated. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding bacterial protein acetylation and discuss how it mediates bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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21
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Geng F, Liu J, Guo Y, Li C, Wang H, Wang H, Zhao H, Pan Y. Persistent Exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis Promotes Proliferative and Invasion Capabilities, and Tumorigenic Properties of Human Immortalized Oral Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:57. [PMID: 28286742 PMCID: PMC5323389 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies revealed a significant association between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of periodontal disease. As a keystone pathogen of periodontitis, P. gingivalis is known not only to damage local periodontal tissues, but also to evade the host immune system and eventually affect systemic health. However, its role in OSCC has yet to be defined. To explore the underlying effect of chronic P. gingivalis infection on OSCC and to identify relevant biomarkers as promising targets for therapy and prevention, we established a novel model by exposing human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) to P. gingivalis at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) for 5–23 weeks. The P. gingivalis infected HIOECs were monitored for tumor biological alteration by proliferation, wound healing, transwell invasion, and gelatin zymography assays. Microarray and proteomic analyses were performed on HIOECs infected with P. gingivalis for 15 weeks, and some selected data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and (or) western blot on cells infected for 15 and 23 weeks. Persistent exposure to P. gingivalis caused cell morphological changes, increased proliferation ability with higher S phase fraction in the cell cycle, and promoted cell migratory and invasive properties. In combining results of bioinformatics analyses and validation assays, tumor-related genes such as NNMT, FLI1, GAS6, lncRNA CCAT1, PDCD1LG2, and CD274 may be considered as the key regulators in tumor-like transformation in response to long-time exposure of P. gingivalis. In addition, some useful clinical biomarkers and novel proteins were also presented. In conclusion, P. gingivalis could promote tumorigenic properties of HIOECs, indicating that chronic P. gingivalis infection may be considered as a potential risk factor for oral cancer. The key regulators detected from the present model might be used in monitoring the development of OSCC with chronic periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key laboratory of Liaoning Province Oral Disease, School of Stomatology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Department of Medicine, the Center for Immunity, Inflammation & Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China; Department of Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
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22
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Bostanci N, Bao K. Contribution of proteomics to our understanding of periodontal inflammation. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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Xing S, Meng X, Zhou L, Mujahid H, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang C, Peng Z. Proteome Profile of Starch Granules Purified from Rice (Oryza sativa) Endosperm. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168467. [PMID: 27992503 PMCID: PMC5167393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is the most important food energy source in cereals. Many of the known enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis are partially or entirely granule-associated in the endosperm. Studying the proteome of rice starch granules is critical for us to further understand the mechanisms underlying starch biosynthesis and packaging of starch granules in rice amyloplasts, consequently for the improvement of rice grain quality. In this article, we developed a protocol to purify starch granules from mature rice endosperm and verified the quality of purified starch granules by microscopy observations, I2 staining, and Western blot analyses. In addition, we found the phenol extraction method was superior to Tris-HCl buffer extraction method with respect to the efficiency in recovery of starch granule associated proteins. LC-MS/MS analysis showed identification of already known starch granule associated proteins with high confidence. Several proteins reported to be involved in starch synthesis in prior genetic studies in plants were also shown to be enriched with starch granules, either directly or indirectly, in our studies. In addition, our results suggested that a few additional candidate proteins may also be involved in starch synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that some starch synthesis pathway proteins are subject to protein acetylation modification. GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the identified proteins were mainly located in plastids and involved in carbohydrate metabolism. This study substantially advances the understanding of the starch granule associated proteome in rice and post translational regulation of some starch granule associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Xing
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hana Mujahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chunfang Zhao
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cailin Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohua Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
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Bastos PAD, da Costa JP, Vitorino R. A glimpse into the modulation of post-translational modifications of human-colonizing bacteria. J Proteomics 2016; 152:254-275. [PMID: 27888141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are a key bacterial feature that holds the capability to modulate protein function and responses to environmental cues. Until recently, their role in the regulation of prokaryotic systems has been largely neglected. However, the latest developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have allowed an unparalleled identification and quantification of proteins and peptides that undergo PTMs in bacteria, including in species which directly or indirectly affect human health. Herein, we address this issue by carrying out the largest and most comprehensive global pooling and comparison of PTM peptides and proteins from bacterial species performed to date. Data was collected from 91 studies relating to PTM bacterial peptides or proteins identified by mass spectrometry-based methods. The present analysis revealed that there was a considerable overlap between PTMs across species, especially between acetylation and other PTMs, particularly succinylation. Phylogenetically closer species may present more overlapping phosphoproteomes, but environmental triggers also contribute to this proximity. PTMs among bacteria were found to be extremely versatile and diverse, meaning that the same protein may undergo a wide variety of different modifications across several species, but it could also suffer different modifications within the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo André Dias Bastos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Lerner A, Aminov R, Matthias T. Dysbiosis May Trigger Autoimmune Diseases via Inappropriate Post-Translational Modification of Host Proteins. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:84. [PMID: 26903965 PMCID: PMC4742538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut ecosystem with myriads of microorganisms and the high concentration of immune system cells can be considered as a separate organ on its own. The balanced interaction between the host and microbial cells has been shaped during the long co-evolutionary process. In dysbiotic conditions, however, this balance is compromised and results in abnormal interaction between the host and microbiota. It is hypothesize here that the changed spectrum of microbial enzymes involved in post-translational modification of proteins (PTMP) may contribute to the aberrant modification of host proteins thus generating autoimmune responses by the host, resulting in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel; AESKU.KIPP InstituteWendelsheim, Germany
| | - Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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