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Fehsel K, Bouvier ML. Sex-Specific Effects of Long-Term Antipsychotic Drug Treatment on Adipocyte Tissue and the Crosstalk to Liver and Brain in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2188. [PMID: 38396865 PMCID: PMC10889281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drug (APD) medication can lead to metabolic dysfunctions and weight gain, which together increase morbidity and mortality. Metabolically active visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular plays a crucial role in the etiopathology of these metabolic dysregulations. Here, we studied the effect of 12 weeks of drug medication by daily oral feeding of clozapine and haloperidol on the perirenal fat tissue as part of VAT of male and female Sprague Dawley rats in the context of complex former investigations on brain, liver, and blood. Adipocyte area values were determined, as well as triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, glycogen, lactate, malondialdehyde equivalents, ferric iron and protein levels of Perilipin-A, hormone-sensitive-lipase (HSL), hepcidin, glucose transporter-4 (Glut-4) and insulin receptor-ß (IR-ß). We found increased adipocyte mass in males, with slightly higher adipocyte area values in both males and females under clozapine treatment. Triglycerides, NEFAs, glucose and oxidative stress in the medicated groups were unchanged or slightly decreased. In contrast to controls and haloperidol-medicated rats, perirenal adipocyte mass and serum leptin levels were not correlated under clozapine. Protein expressions of perilipin-A, Glut-4 and HSL were decreased under clozapine treatment. IR-ß expression changed sex-specifically in the clozapine-medicated groups associated with higher hepcidin levels in the perirenal adipose tissue of clozapine-treated females. Taken together, clozapine and haloperidol had a smaller effect than expected on perirenal adipose tissue. The perirenal adipose tissue shows only weak changes in lipid and glucose metabolism. The main changes can be seen in the proteins examined, and probably in their effect on liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fehsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Jun JS, You YL, Byun HJ, Han KH, Kim J, Jung JB, Choi HS, Han SH. Enzyme Activity and Lipogenesis Inhibition by Fermented Grain Using Natural Enzymes. Molecules 2023; 28:7285. [PMID: 37959705 PMCID: PMC10647246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the effects of three enzyme-rich foods, including one fermented (grain enzyme) and two non-fermented foods (enzyme foods 1 and 2), by investigating their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic properties. Grain enzyme exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity and was rich in antioxidant components, including total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. Grain enzyme and enzyme foods 1 and 2 inhibited nitric oxide production by 27, 34, and 17%, respectively, at a concentration of 200 μg/mL in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Among the tested enzymes, grain enzyme demonstrated the strongest inhibition on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin (IL)-1β, while Enzyme Food 2 exhibited the most significant suppression of IL-6 mRNA levels. Furthermore, Grain Enzyme demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect compared to Enzyme Food 1 and 2. Grain Enzyme decreased the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP)4 by 28, 21, and 30%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 μg/mL. In summary, fermented grain enzymes outperformed non-fermented enzymes in suppressing inflammation and adipogenesis. This study highlights the anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effects of grain enzyme, suggesting its potential as a valuable dietary supplement for managing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Jun
- Naraentech Co., Ltd., Sanhangni-gil, Janggun-myeon, Sejong-si 30054, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ye-Lim You
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.Y.); (H.-J.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Ha-Jun Byun
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.Y.); (H.-J.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Hoon Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jay Kim
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jea-Bum Jung
- Wisedom Science Lab, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.Y.); (H.-J.B.); (H.-S.C.)
| | - Sung-Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.H.); (J.K.)
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Schizophrenia Outside the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1400:53-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97182-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Kalkhof S, Büttner P, Krieg L, Wabitsch M, Küntzel C, Friebe D, Landgraf K, Hanschkow M, Schubert K, Kiess W, Krohn K, Blüher M, von Bergen M, Körner A. In Depth Quantitative Proteomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Human Adipocyte Differentiation using the SGBS Cell Line. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900405. [PMID: 32384580 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most information on molecular processes accompanying and driving adipocyte differentiation are derived from rodent models. Here, a comprehensive analysis of combined transcriptomic and proteomic alterations during adipocyte differentiation in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) cells is provided. The SGBS cells are a well-established and the most widely applied cell model to study human adipocyte differentiation and cell biology. However, the molecular alterations during human adipocyte differentiation in SGBS cells have not yet been described in a combined analysis of proteome and transcriptome. Here a global proteomic and transcriptomic data set comprising relative quantification of a total of 14372 mRNA transcripts and 2641 intracellular and secreted proteins is presented. 1153 proteins and 313 genes are determined as differentially expressed between preadipocytes and the fully differentiated cells including adiponectin, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and apolipoprotein E and many other proteins from the fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis as well as glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. Preadipocyte markers, such as latexin, GATA6, and CXCL6, are found to be significantly downregulated at the protein and transcript level. This multi-omics data set provides a deep molecular profile of adipogenesis and will support future studies to understand adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04159, Germany
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Coburg, Coburg, 96450, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04289, Germany
| | - Laura Krieg
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04159, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Carolin Küntzel
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04159, Germany
| | - Daniela Friebe
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Martha Hanschkow
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04159, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, 04159, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Chen D, Jia D, Wu X, Shi K, Ren C, Dou Y, Guo M, Wang J, Ma M, Wu Z, Shi HY, Li W, Feng Y, Wu F. A novel metformin derivative showed improvement of lipid metabolism in obese rats with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1382-1392. [PMID: 32155673 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the lipid metabolism regulatory activity of a novel metformin derivative (MD568) and its potential mechanism of action in obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Previous gene chip analysis of 3T3-L1 cells have shown that MD568 regulates the transcription of genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. In this study, obese T2 DM rats were treated with MD568 (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Results showed that MD568 significantly reduced the body weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. MD568 treatment also improved the insulin resistance of obese T2 DM model rats. In particular, in white adipose tissue, MD568 inhibited the excessive volume increment of adipose cells by down-regulating the protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and PPAR-γ, as well as the transcription of their target lipid metabolism-related genes. In the liver, MD568 inhibited hepatic fatty lesions and interfered with hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and glycogen-related kinases. In conclusion, our results suggest that the newly synthesized MD568 affects the maintenance of lipid homeostasis in obese type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqi Chen
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Jia
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Post-doctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Ren
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Dou
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxin Guo
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanxia Wang
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Ma
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Post-doctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Health Science Centre, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, China
| | - He-Yong Shi
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dolab N, Kamkar MZ, Amiriani T, Yuzugulen J, Marjani M, Marjani A. The association between leptin and adiponectin, and metabolic syndrome components and serum levels of lipid peroxidation in bipolar disorder patients treated with lithium and valproic acid. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04553. [PMID: 32760840 PMCID: PMC7393417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of study is to assess a relation between the adiponectin and leptin levels, and metabolic syndrome components and lipid peroxidation treated with Li and VPA in bipolar disorder patients and compared with controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled. The ATP III criteria were used to determine metabolic syndrome components. Leptin, adiponectin, lipid peroxidation and lipid profiles were measured. RESULTS Malondialdehyde in Li patients was higher than VPA patients. BMI, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, malondialdehyde and adiponectin levels were increased, whereas HDL-cholesterol (VPA treated patients) and leptin were decreased in patients compared with controls. Leptin and adiponectin were correlated with WC, triglyceride and malondialdehyde in both groups. Adiponectin was correlated with HDL-cholesterol in VPA patients. CONCLUSION Patients should be checked metabolic syndrome components, serum leptin and adiponectin level occasionally to prevent possible deficiency or pathologic increase of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dolab
- Student Research Committee, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zaman Kamkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Research Center of Psychiatry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jale Yuzugulen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin 10, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Majid Marjani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin 10, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
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Molecular pathway analysis associates alterations in obesity-related genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:72-83. [PMID: 31619305 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2019.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antipsychotics often induce excessive weight gain. We hypothesised that individuals with genetic variations related to known obesity-risk genes have an increased risk of excessive antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). This hypothesis was tested in a subset of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) trial data set. METHODS The CATIE trial compared effects and side effects of five different antipsychotics through an 18-month period. Based on the maximum weight gain recorded, excessive weight gain was defined as >7% weight gain. Cytoscape and GeneMANIA were instrumental in composing a molecular pathway from eight selected genes linked to obesity. Genetic information on a total of 495.172 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available from 765 (556 males) individuals. Enrichment test was conducted through ReactomePA and Bioconductor. A permutation test was performed, testing the generated pathway against 105 permutated pathways (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, a standard genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was performed. RESULT GWAS analysis did not detect significant differences related to excessive weight gain. The pathway generated contained 28 genes. A total of 2067 SNPs were significantly expressed (p < 0.01) within this pathway when comparing excessive weight gainers to the rest of the sample. Affected genes including PPARG and PCSK1 were not previously related to treatment-induced weight gain. CONCLUSIONS The molecular pathway composed from high-risk obesity genes was shown to overlap with genetics of patients who gained >7% weight gain during the CATIE trial. This suggests that genes related to obesity compose a pathway of increased risk of excessive AIWG. Further independent analyses are warranted that may confirm or clarify the possible reasoning behind.
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Jia D, Li Z, Gao Y, Feng Y, Li W. A novel triazine ring compound (MD568) exerts in vivo and in vitro effects on lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:790-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Phase-Dependent Astroglial Alterations in Li-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Young Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2730-2742. [PMID: 28444637 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy prevalence is high in infancy and in the elderly population. Lithium-pilocarpine is widely used to induce experimental animal models of epilepsy, leading to similar neurochemical and morphological alterations to those observed in temporal lobe epilepsy. As astrocytes have been implicated in epileptic disorders, we hypothesized that specific astroglial changes accompany and contribute to epileptogenesis. Herein, we evaluated time-dependent astroglial alterations in the hippocampus of young (27-day-old) rats at 1, 14 and 56 days after Li-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), corresponding to different phases in this model of epilepsy. We determined specific markers of astroglial activation: GFAP, S100B, glutamine synthetase (GS), glutathione (GSH) content, aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and potassium channel Kir 4.1; as well as epileptic behavioral, inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes. Phase-dependent signs of hippocampal astrogliosis were observed, as demonstrated by increments in GFAP, S100B and GS. Astrocyte dysfunction in the hippocampus was characterized, based on the decrease in GSH content, AQP-4 and Kir 4.1 channels. Degenerating neurons were identified by Fluoro-Jade C staining. We found a clear, early (at SE1) and persistent (at SE56) increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B levels. Additionally, serum S100B was found to decrease soon after SE induction, implicating a rapid-onset increase in the CSF/serum S100B ratio. However, serum S100B increased at SE14, possibly reflecting astroglial activation and/or long-term increase in cerebrovascular permeability. Moreover, we suggest that peripheral S100B levels may represent a useful marker for SE in young rats and for follow up during the chronic phases of this model of epilepsy. Together, results reinforce and extend the idea of astroglial involvement in epileptic disorders.
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Bai S, Pan S, Zhang K, Ding X, Wang J, Zeng Q, Xuan Y, Su Z. Dietary overload lithium decreases the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:163-171. [PMID: 28049100 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic effects of dietary overload lithium on the adipogenesis in adipose tissue of chicken and the role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in this process, one-day-old male chicks were fed with the basal diet added with 0 (control) or 100mg lithium/kg diet from lithium chloride (overload lithium) for 35days. Abdominal adipose tissue and hypothalamus were collected at day 6, 14, and 35. As a percentage of body weight, abdominal fat decreased (p<0.001) at day 6, 14, and 35, and feed intake and body weight gain decreased during day 7-14, and day 15-35 in overload lithium treated broilers as compared to control. Adipocyte diameter and DNA content in abdominal adipose tissue were significantly lower in overload-lithium treatment than control at day 35, although no significant differences were observed at day 6 and 14. Dietary overload lithium decreased (p<0.01) transcriptional expression of preadipocyte proliferation makers ki-67 (KI67), microtubule-associated protein homolog (TPX2), and topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A), and preadipocyte differentiation transcriptional factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α mRNA abundance in abdominal adipose tissue. In hypothalamus, dietary overload lithium influenced (p<0.001) NPY, and NPY receptor (NPYR) 6 mRNA abundance at day 6 and 14, but not at day 35. In conclusion, dietary overload lithium decreased the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of chicken, which was accompanied by depressing transcriptional expression of adipogenesis-associated factors. Hypothalamic NPY had a potential role in the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of broilers with a short-term overload lithium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuqin Pan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuowei Su
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Bai YM, Li CT, Tsai SJ, Tu PC, Chen MH, Su TP. Metabolic syndrome and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:448. [PMID: 27978821 PMCID: PMC5159954 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder. MetS may cause complications in the brain, but studies investigating MetS-associated clinical psychiatric outcomes remain scant. METHODS We enrolled clinically stable outpatients with bipolar disorder aged 18-65 years and performed anthropometric and fasting biochemical assessments to investigate MetS prevalence. We then performed clinical assessments by using the Young Mania Rating Scale for manic symptoms, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale for depressive symptoms, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale for psychotic symptoms, the Involuntary Movement Scale for tardive dyskinesia, the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale for akathisia, the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser for general side effects, the Schedule for Assessment of Insight for insight, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale for global functioning, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) for cognitive executive function. RESULTS In total, 143 patients were enrolled and had a MetS prevalence of 29.4%. The patients treated with atypical antipsychotics plus mood stabilizers (36.3%) and atypical antipsychotics alone (36.0%) had a significantly higher prevalence of MetS than did those treated with mood stabilizers alone (10.5%; p = 0.012). According to multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, bipolar disorder subtype (I or II), pharmacological treatment duration, and psychiatric medication, compared with patients without MetS, those with MetS had significantly more previous hospitalizations (p = 0.036), severer tardive dyskinesia (p = 0.030), poorer insight (p = 0.036), poorer global function (p = 0.046), and more impaired executive function (conceptual level response on the WCST; p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that patients with comorbid bipolar disorder and MetS have more adverse clinical outcomes than those without, with more hospitalizations, severer tardive dyskinesia, poorer insight, poorer global function, and more impaired executive function. Monitoring MetS is crucial for assessing not only physical burden, but also psychiatric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan ,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang YH, Jung DW, Lee OH, Kang IJ. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extract Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:1004-1014. [PMID: 27792464 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether fermented Platycodon grandiflorum (FPG) inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We evaluated the effect of FPG on antiadipogenic activity via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), as well as protein expression of their target genes, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). We further examined the antiobesity effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity in mice. The FPG was orally administered to mice with a HFD at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Our results show that FPG significantly inhibited fat accumulation during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis through downregulating adipogenic transcript factors. Moreover, FPG markedly reduced the final body weight with a decrease in epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte size compared with the untreated HFD-induced group. The effects of FPG on HFD-induced obesity were primarily responsible for inhibiting adipogenesis in adipose tissue and regulating lipid metabolism, such as through lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, FPG ameliorated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Hence, FPG may be an alternative treatment for controlling obesity through downregulating lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Korea
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