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Bozec J, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Jouneau L, Prézelin A, Dahirel M, Richard C, Gelin V, Fournier N, Helies V, Joly T, El Fouikar S, Léandri R, Chavatte-Palmer P, Couturier-Tarrade A. Preconception and/or preimplantation exposure to a mixture of environmental contaminants altered fetoplacental development and placental function in a rabbit model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119829. [PMID: 39179140 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women are daily exposed to environmental contaminants, including endocrine disruptors that can impact the offspring's health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal oral exposure to a mixture of contaminants at a dose mimicking women's exposure, during folliculogenesis and/or preimplantation period (FED and ED groups, respectively) on the fetoplacental phenotype in a rabbit model. The mixture (DEHP, pp'DDE, β-HCH, HCB, BDE-47, BPS, PFOS, PFOA) was defined based on data from HELIX and INMA cohorts. FED and ED females or unexposed females (control) were inseminated, their embryos were collected and transferred to unexposed control recipient rabbits at 80 h post-insemination. The effects of maternal FED and ED exposure were evaluated on fetoplacental growth and development by ultrasound, fetoplacental biometry, fetal metabolism, placental structure and function. The results demonstrated that the mixture weakly affected ultrasound measurements, as only placental volume increased significantly in FED vs ED. Analysis of placental structure demonstrated that the volume fraction of the maternal blood space was increased in FED vs control. Pre- and/or periconception exposure did not affect biometric at the end of gestation, but affected FED fetal biochemistry. Plasma triglyceride concentration was reduced compared to control. However, total cholesterol, urea, ASAT and ALAT in fetal blood were affected in both exposed groups. Multiple factor analysis, including biometric, biochemical, and stereological datasets, indicated that the three groups were significantly different. Additionally, several placental genes were differentially expressed between groups, compared two by two, in a sex-specific manner, with more difference in females than in males. The differentially expressed genes were involved in lipid, cholesterol, and drug/xenobiotic metabolism in both sexes. These results indicate that maternal exposure to environmental contaminants during crucial developmental windows only mildly impaired fetoplacental development but disturbed fetal blood biochemistry and placental gene expression with potential long-term effects on offspring phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bozec
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Audrey Prézelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Richard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valérie Gelin
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- Lip(Sys)2 - EA 7357, Athérosclérose et Macrophages: Impact des Phospholipides et des Fonctions Mitochondriales sur L'efflux du Cholestérol, Université Paris Saclay, UFR de Pharmacie, 91400, Orsay, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Helies
- GenPhySE, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UPSP Interaction Cellule Environnement, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France; Université de Lyon, ISARA-Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Sara El Fouikar
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Roger Léandri
- ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; Médecine de La Reproduction, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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2
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Torkildsen CF, Austdal M, Jarmund AH, Kleinmanns K, Lamark EK, Nilsen EB, Stefansson I, Sande RK, Iversen AC, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L. New immune phenotypes for treatment response in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394497. [PMID: 38947323 PMCID: PMC11211251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical and therapeutic approaches, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) prognosis remains poor. Surgery is an indispensable component of therapeutic protocols, as removal of all visible tumor lesions (cytoreduction) profoundly improves the overall survival. Enhanced predictive tools for assessing cytoreduction are essential to optimize therapeutic precision. Patients' immune status broadly reflects the tumor cell biological behavior and the patient responses to disease and treatment. Serum cytokine profiling is a sensitive measure of immune adaption and deviation, yet its integration into treatment paradigms is underexplored. This study is part of the IMPACT trial (NCT03378297) and aimed to characterize immune responses before and during primary treatment for HGSOC to identify biomarkers for treatment selection and prognosis. Longitudinal serum samples from 22 patients were collected from diagnosis until response evaluation. Patients underwent primary cytoreductive surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) based on laparoscopy scoring. Twenty-seven serum cytokines analyzed by Bio-Plex 200, revealed two immune phenotypes at diagnosis: Immune High with marked higher serum cytokine levels than Immune Low. The immune phenotypes reflected the laparoscopy scoring and allocation to surgical treatment. The five Immune High patients undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery exhibited immune mobilization and extended progression-free survival, compared to the Immune Low patients undergoing the same treatment. Both laparoscopy and cytoreductive surgery induced substantial and transient changes in serum cytokines, with upregulation of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and downregulation of the multifunctional cytokines IP-10, Eotaxin, IL-4, and IL-7. Over the study period, cytokine levels uniformly decreased in all patients, leading to the elimination of the initial immune phenotypes regardless of treatment choice. This study reveals distinct pre-treatment immune phenotypes in HGSOC patients that might be informative for treatment stratification and prognosis. This potential novel biomarker holds promise as a foundation for improved assessment of treatment responses in patients with HGSOC. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03378297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Fredvik Torkildsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Austdal
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katrin Kleinmanns
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Karin Lamark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Berge Nilsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ingunn Stefansson
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnar Kvie Sande
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, and Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Montoya-Ciriaco N, Hereira-Pacheco S, Estrada-Torres A, Dendooven L, Méndez de la Cruz FR, Gómez-Acata ES, Díaz de la Vega-Pérez AH, Navarro-Noya YE. Maternal transmission of bacterial microbiota during embryonic development in a viviparous lizard. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178023. [PMID: 37847033 PMCID: PMC10714757 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01780-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We investigated the presence and diversity of bacteria in the embryos of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus and their amniotic environment. We compared this diversity to that found in the maternal intestine, mouth, and cloaca. We detected bacterial DNA in the embryos, albeit with a lower bacterial species diversity than found in maternal tissues. Most of the bacterial species detected in the embryos were also found in the mother, although not all of them. Interestingly, we detected a high similarity in the composition of bacterial species among embryos from different mothers. These findings suggest that there may be a mechanism controlling the transmission of bacteria from the mother to the embryo. Our results highlight the possibility that the interaction between maternal bacteria and the embryo may affect the development of the lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Montoya-Ciriaco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Hereira-Pacheco
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Arturo Estrada-Torres
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto R. Méndez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H. Díaz de la Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Humanidades y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala., Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Baines KJ, West RC. Sex differences in innate and adaptive immunity impact fetal, placental, and maternal health†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:256-270. [PMID: 37418168 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The differences between males and females begin shortly after birth, continue throughout prenatal development, and eventually extend into childhood and adult life. Male embryos and fetuses prioritize proliferation and growth, often at the expense of the fetoplacental energy reserves. This singular focus on growth over adaptability leaves male fetuses and neonates vulnerable to adverse outcomes during pregnancy and birth and can have lasting impacts throughout life. Beyond this prioritization of growth, male placentas and fetuses also respond to infection and inflammation differently than female counterparts. Pregnancies carrying female fetuses have a more regulatory immune response, whereas pregnancies carrying male fetuses have a stronger inflammatory response. These differences can be seen as early as the innate immune response with differences in cytokine and chemokine signaling. The sexual dimorphism in immunity then continues into the adaptive immune response with differences in T-cell biology and antibody production and transfer. As it appears that these sex-specific differences are amplified in pathologic pregnancies, it stands to reason that differences in the placental, fetal, and maternal immune responses in pregnancy contribute to increased male perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this review, we will describe the genetic and hormonal contributions to the sexual dimorphism of fetal and placental immunity. We will also discuss current research efforts to describe the sex-specific differences of the maternal-fetal interface and how it impacts fetal and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Baines
- Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rachel C West
- Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Motomura K, Hara M, Ito I, Morita H, Matsumoto K. Roles of human trophoblasts' pattern recognition receptors in host defense and pregnancy complications. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103811. [PMID: 36669386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system in pregnancy is able to protect pregnant mothers and fetuses from pathogenic microorganisms even while permitting the mother to tolerate the semi-allogenic fetus. Trophoblasts, which are fetal-derived placental cells, play a central role on both sides of this duality at the maternal-fetal interface. In brief, the trophoblasts express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are involved in the local innate immune response in the placenta. That response eliminates pathogenic microbes but also causes tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the research findings to date regarding the roles of those human trophoblast PRRs. Multiple types of PRRs (Toll-like receptors, Nod-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors) are expressed in the placenta and on trophoblasts. Trophoblasts' PRRs participate in protecting the fetus against viruses, bacteria, and parasites by triggering production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the placenta. On the negative side, PRR signaling in trophoblasts can also initiate inflammation and trophoblast cell death, which can lead to placental inflammation-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, and miscarriage. Further elucidation of these dual roles of trophoblasts' PRRs may shed light on the mechanisms by which fetuses are protected against congenital infections and also give us a better understanding of the etiologies of pregnancy complications, which can help us prevent/reduce adverse prenatal/neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Mariko Hara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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Rosini AM, Teixeira SC, Milian ICB, Silva RJ, de Souza G, Luz LC, Gomes AO, Mineo JR, Mineo TWP, Ferro EAV, Barbosa BF. LPS-mediated activation of TLR4 controls Toxoplasma gondii growth in human trophoblast cell (BeWo) and human villous explants in a dependent-manner of TRIF, MyD88, NF-κB and cytokines. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Understanding the Immune System in Fetal Protection and Maternal Infections during Pregnancy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7567708. [PMID: 35785037 PMCID: PMC9249541 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7567708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal-maternal immune system determines the fate of pregnancy. The trophoblast cells not only give an active response against external stimuli but are also involved in secreting most of the cytokines. These cells have an essential function in fetal acceptance or fetal rejection. Other immune cells also play a pivotal role in carrying out a successful pregnancy. The disruption in this mechanism may lead to harmful effects on pregnancy. The placenta serves as an immune barrier in fetus protection against invading pathogens. Once the infections prevail, they may localize in placental and fetal tissues, and the presence of inflammation due to cytokines may have detrimental effects on pregnancy. Moreover, some pathogens are responsible for congenital fetal anomalies and affect almost all organs of the developing fetus. This review article is designed to address the bacterial and viral infections that threaten pregnancy and their possible outcomes. Moreover, training of the fetal immune system against the exposure of infections and the role of CD49a + NK cells in embryonic development will also be highlighted.
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Woollett LA, Catov JM, Jones HN. Roles of maternal HDL during pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159106. [PMID: 34995789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High density lipoproteins (HDL) were first linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) over 30 years ago when an inverse relationship was shown between CVD and HDL-cholesterol levels. It is now apparent that HDL composition and function, not cholesterol levels, are the pertinent measurements describing HDL's role in various disease processes, especially those with subclinical or overt inflammation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Pregnancy is also an inflammatory state. When inflammation becomes excessive during pregnancy, there is an increased risk for adverse outcomes that affect the health of the mother and fetus, including preterm birth and preeclampsia. Though studies on HDL during pregnancy are limited, recent evidence demonstrates that HDL composition and function change during pregnancy and in women with adverse outcomes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In this review, we will discuss how HDL may play a role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy and how impairments in function could lead to pregnancies with adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Woollett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical School, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Helen N Jones
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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9
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DeSpenza RA, Jones DM, Chamley LW, Abrahams VM. Antiphospholipid antibody-induced trophoblast responses are differentially modulated by viral dsRNA and viral ssRNA. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 87:e13516. [PMID: 34904767 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at increased risk for pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. aPL target the trophoblast and induce a pro-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-migratory profile. Since infection during pregnancy can increase the risk for preeclampsia, a viral infection could further increase this in women with aPL. The goal of this study was to characterize the effect of viral components on trophoblast responses to aPL. METHOD OF STUDY A human first trimester trophoblast cell line was treated with or without aPL or control IgG in the presence of media, viral dsRNA or viral ssRNA. Supernatants were measured for inflammatory IL-1β and IL-8; inflammasome-associated uric acid and caspase-1 activity; and anti-angiogenic sFlt-1. Trophoblast migration was measured using a two-chamber assay. RESULTS Viral dsRNA augmented aPL-induced trophoblast caspase-1 activity, and IL-1β and IL-8 secretion in an additive manner. Viral ssRNA inhibited aPL-induced uric acid, IL-1β and sFlt-1 secretion, and further exacerbated aPL-inhibition of trophoblast migration. CONCLUSION While viral ssRNA may have some protective effects on aPL-induced inflammation and anti-angiogenic responses, viral dsRNA exacerbated aPL-mediated inflammation and viral ssRNA further limited cell migration, which could prove detrimental to placentation. Thus, viral infections may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with aPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A DeSpenza
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deidre M Jones
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Kwon J, Suessmilch M, McColl A, Cavanagh J, Morris BJ. Distinct trans-placental effects of maternal immune activation by TLR3 and TLR7 agonists: implications for schizophrenia risk. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23841. [PMID: 34903784 PMCID: PMC8668921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to infection in utero predisposes towards psychiatric diseases such as autism, depression and schizophrenia in later life. The mechanisms involved are typically studied by administering mimetics of double-stranded (ds) virus or bacterial infection to pregnant rats or mice. The effect of single-stranded (ss) virus mimetics has been largely ignored, despite evidence linking prenatal ss virus exposure with psychiatric disease. Understanding the effects of gestational ss virus exposure has become even more important with recent events. In this study, in pregnant mice, we compare directly the effects, on the maternal blood, placenta and the embryonic brain, of maternal administration of ds-virus mimetic poly I:C (to activate Toll-like receptor 3, TLR3) and ss-virus mimetic resiquimod (to activate TLR7/8). We find that, 4 h after the administration, both poly I:C and resiquimod elevated the levels of IL-6, TNFα, and chemokines including CCL2 and CCL5, in maternal plasma. Both agents also increased placental mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-10, but only resiquimod increased placental TNFα mRNA. In foetal brain, poly I:C produced no detectable immune-response-related increases, whereas pronounced increases in cytokine (e.g. Il-6, Tnfα) and chemokine (e.g. Ccl2, Ccl5) expression were observed with maternal resiquimod administration. The data show substantial differences between the effect of maternal exposure to a TLR7/8 activator as compared to a TLR3 activator. There are significant implications for future modelling of diseases where maternal ss virus exposure contributes to environmental disease risk in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Suessmilch
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Lee S, Shin J, Kim JS, Shin J, Lee SK, Park HW. Targeting TBK1 Attenuates LPS-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Regulating of mTORC1 Pathways in Trophoblasts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743700. [PMID: 34858401 PMCID: PMC8630692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological maternal inflammation and abnormal placentation contribute to several pregnancy-related disorders, including preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and preeclampsia. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a serine/threonine kinase, has been implicated in the regulation of various physiological processes, including innate immune response, autophagy, and cell growth. However, the relevance of TBK1 in the placental pro-inflammatory environment has not been investigated. In this study, we assessed the effect of TBK1 inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its underlying mechanisms in human trophoblast cell lines and mouse placenta. TBK1 phosphorylation was upregulated in the trophoblasts and placenta in response to LPS. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TBK1 in trophoblasts ameliorated LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, placental inflammation, and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1 production. Moreover, maternal administration of amlexanox, a TBK1 inhibitor, reversed LPS-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes. Notably, TBK1 inhibition prevented LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Thus, this study provides evidence for the biological significance of TBK1 in placental inflammation, suggesting that amlexanox may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating inflammation-associated pregnancy-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiha Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongdae Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Ki Lee
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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12
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Wu J, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Feng P, Gao M, Zhao Z, Yang L. Toll-like receptor signaling is changed in ovine lymph node during early pregnancy. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13541. [PMID: 33728713 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in regulation of adaptive immune responses, and lymph nodes play key roles in the initiation of immune responses. There is a tolerance to the allogenic fetus during pregnancy, but it is unclear that expression of TLR signaling is in ovine lymph node during early pregnancy. In this study, lymph nodes were sampled from day 16 of nonpregnant ewes and days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnant ewes, and the expressions of TLR family (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9), adaptor proteins, including myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), were analyzed through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results showed that mRNA and protein levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TRAF6, and MyD88 were upregulated in the maternal lymph node, but TLR5, TLR9, and IRAK1 were downregulated during early pregnancy. In addition, MyD88 protein was located in the subcapsular sinus and lymph sinuses. Therefore, it is suggested that early pregnancy induces changes in TLR signaling in maternal lymph node, which may be involved in regulation of maternal immune responses in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qiongao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Pengfei Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Meihong Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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13
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Ugochinyere IF, Chiamaka NS, Obinna AE, Chukwunyelu AAM, Amechi AJ. Sonographic Assessment of Renal Volume in Normotensive Pregnant Women and Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Enugu Metropolis. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/87564793211021094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Renal volume (RV) assessment during obstetric sonography is rarely considered in our locality. Understanding the changes in RV in both normotensive pregnant (NP) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive (PIH) women is important in making correct diagnosis regarding pregnancy outcome. This study is aimed at determining the RV in NP and PIH women and correlating RV with fetal gestational age (FGA), body mass index (BMI), and parity in NP women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 450 patients recruited at a Tertiary Hospital. A pilot study was done to determine the interobserver variability in RV measurement. RV was calculated using the following formula: L × W × AP × 0.523. Parity, BMI, and blood pressure were documented, while FGA was calculated as an average of FGAs obtained from the measurements of fetal biometric parameters. Results: Mean RV of PIH women was significantly higher than that of NP women ( P < .05). RV shows a positive significant relationship with BMI and FGA, while it shows a negative relationship with parity in NP ( P < .05). Conclusion: Reference range values of RV were generated for clinical use in our locality, while there is statistically significant difference between RV in NP and PIH women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idigo Felicitas Ugochinyere
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | | | - Abonyi Everistus Obinna
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Anakwue Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Agbo Julius Amechi
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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14
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Silva GB, Gierman LM, Rakner JJ, Stødle GS, Mundal SB, Thaning AJ, Sporsheim B, Elschot M, Collett K, Bjørge L, Aune MH, Thomsen LCV, Iversen AC. Cholesterol Crystals and NLRP3 Mediated Inflammation in the Uterine Wall Decidua in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564712. [PMID: 33117348 PMCID: PMC7578244 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive and inflammatory pregnancy disorder associated with cholesterol accumulation and inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Preeclampsia can be complicated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and shares risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms with cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol crystal mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is central to cardiovascular disease and the pathway has been implicated in placental inflammation in preeclampsia. Direct maternal-fetal interaction occurs both in the uterine wall decidua and at the placental surface and these aligned sites constitute the maternal-fetal interface. This study aimed to investigate cholesterol crystal accumulation and NLRP3 inflammasome expression by maternal and fetal cells in the uterine wall decidua of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Pregnant women with normal (n = 43) and preeclamptic pregnancies with (n = 28) and without (n = 19) FGR were included at delivery. Cholesterol crystals were imaged in decidual tissue by both second harmonic generation microscopy and polarization filter reflected light microscopy. Quantitative expression analysis of NLRP3, IL-1β and cell markers was performed by immunohistochemistry and automated image processing. Functional NLRP3 activation was assessed in cultured decidual explants. Cholesterol crystals were identified in decidual tissue, both in the tissue stroma and near uterine vessels. The cholesterol crystals in decidua varied between pregnancies in distribution and cluster size. Decidual expression of the inflammasome components NLRP3 and IL-1β was located to fetal trophoblasts and maternal leukocytes and was strongest in areas of proximity between these cell types. Pathway functionality was confirmed by cholesterol crystal activation of IL-1β in cultured decidual explants. Preeclampsia without FGR was associated with increased trophoblast dependent NLRP3 and IL-1β expression, particularly in the decidual areas of trophoblast and leukocyte proximity. Our findings suggest that decidual accumulation of cholesterol crystals may activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and contribute to decidual inflammation and that this pathway is strengthened in areas with close maternal-fetal interaction in preeclampsia without FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brettas Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lobke Marijn Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne Johnsen Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Sannerud Stødle
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Boon Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Josefin Thaning
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Collett
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Hjelmseth Aune
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Michalczyk M, Celewicz A, Celewicz M, Woźniakowska-Gondek P, Rzepka R. The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3864941. [PMID: 33082708 PMCID: PMC7556088 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3864941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5-8% of pregnant women, and it is the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is defined as arterial hypertension in women after 20 weeks of gestation which cooccurs with proteinuria (300 mg/d) or as arterial hypertension which is accompanied by one of the following: renal failure, liver dysfunction, hematological or neurological abnormalities, intrauterine growth restriction, or uteroplacental insufficiency. Currently, pathophysiology of preeclampsia poses a considerable challenge for perinatology. Preeclampsia is characterized by excessive and progressive activation of the immune system along with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and antiangiogenic factors in fetoplacental unit as well as in vascular endothelium in pregnant women. A single, major underlying mechanism of preeclampsia is yet to be identified. This paper discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the development of the condition. Some significant factors responsible for PE development include oxidative stress, abnormal concentration and activity in mononuclear phagocytic system, altered levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, and impaired inflammatory response triggered by inflammasomes. Detailed understanding of pathophysiology of inflammatory process in PE can largely contribute to new, targeted anti-inflammatory therapies that may improve perinatal outcomes in PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalczyk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aleksander Celewicz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marta Celewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paula Woźniakowska-Gondek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Rafał Rzepka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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16
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Rasheed ZBM, Lee YS, Kim SH, Rai RK, Ruano CSM, Anucha E, Sullivan MHF, MacIntyre DA, Bennett PR, Sykes L. Differential Response of Gestational Tissues to TLR3 Viral Priming Prior to Exposure to Bacterial TLR2 and TLR2/6 Agonists. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1899. [PMID: 32983111 PMCID: PMC7477080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection/inflammation is an important causal factor in spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Most mechanistic studies have concentrated on the role of bacteria, with limited focus on the role of viruses in sPTB. Murine studies support a potential multi-pathogen aetiology in which a double or sequential hit of both viral and bacterial pathogens leads to a higher risk preterm labour. This study aimed to determine the effect of viral priming on bacterial induced inflammation in human in vitro models of ascending and haematogenous infection. Methods: Vaginal epithelial cells, and primary amnion epithelial cells and myocytes were used to represent cell targets of ascending infection while interactions between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and placental explants were used to model systemic infection. To model the effect of viral priming upon the subsequent response to bacterial stimuli, each cell type was stimulated first with a TLR3 viral agonist, and then with either a TLR2 or TLR2/6 agonist, and responses compared to those of each agonist alone. Immunoblotting was used to detect cellular NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF-3 activation. Cellular TLR3, TLR2, and TLR6 mRNA was quantified by RT-qPCR. Immunoassays were used to measure supernatant cytokine, chemokine and PGE2 concentrations. Results: TLR3 (“viral”) priming prior to TLR2/6 agonist (“bacterial”) exposure augmented the pro-inflammatory, pro-labour response in VECs, AECs, myocytes and PBMCs when compared to the effects of agonists alone. In contrast, enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-10) was observed in placental explants. Culturing placental explants in conditioned media derived from PBMCs primed with a TLR3 agonist enhanced TLR2/6 agonist stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8, suggesting a differential response by the placenta to systemic inflammation compared to direct infection as a result of haematogenous spread. TLR3 agonism generally caused increased mRNA expression of TLR3 and TLR2 but not TLR6. Conclusion: This study provides human in vitro evidence that viral infection may increase the susceptibility of women to bacterial-induced sPTB. Improved understanding of interactions between viral and bacterial components of the maternal microbiome and host immune response may offer new therapeutic options, such as antivirals for the prevention of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahirrah B M Rasheed
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun S Lee
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sung H Kim
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ranjit K Rai
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,INSERM U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eberechi Anucha
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H F Sullivan
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A MacIntyre
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Sykes
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,March of Dimes European Preterm Birth Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Expression and Functionality Study of 9 Toll-Like Receptors in 33 Drug-Naïve Non-Affective First Episode Psychosis Individuals: A 3-Month Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176106. [PMID: 32854231 PMCID: PMC7504008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a pivotal component of the innate immune system that seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. The purpose of this work was to compare the expression and functionality of 9 TLRs in three peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (monocytes, B cells, and T cells) between 33 drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) individuals and 26 healthy volunteers, at baseline and after 3-month of antipsychotic treatment. The expression of TLRs 1–9 were assessed by flow cytometry. For the assessment of the TLR functionality, cells collected in sodium heparin tubes were polyclonally stimulated for 18 h, with different agonists for human TLR1–9. The results of our study highlight the role that TLR5 and TLR8 might play in the pathophysiology of psychosis. We found a lower expression of these receptors in FEP individuals, regarding healthy volunteers at baseline and after 3-month of treatment on the three PBMCs subsets. Most TLRs showed a lower functionality (especially reduced intracellular levels of TNF-α) in patients than in healthy volunteers. These results, together with previous evidence, suggest that individuals with psychosis might show a pattern of TLR expression that differs from that of healthy volunteers, which could vary according to the intensity of immune/inflammatory response.
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18
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Gierman LM, Silva GB, Pervaiz Z, Rakner JJ, Mundal SB, Thaning AJ, Nervik I, Elschot M, Mathew S, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Iversen AC. TLR3 expression by maternal and fetal cells at the maternal-fetal interface in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:173-183. [PMID: 32573856 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0620-728rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress at the maternal-fetal interface characterize the placental dysfunction that underlies the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia. Specialized fetal trophoblasts directly interact with leukocytes at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface; the uterine wall decidua; and the placenta. TLR3 has been implicated in the harmful inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in preeclampsia, but the cellular involvement in the decidua and placenta has not been determined. This study aimed to characterize and quantify cell-specific TLR3 expression and function at the maternal-fetal interface in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. TLR3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantified by a novel image-based and cell-specific quantitation method. TLR3 was expressed at the maternal-fetal interface by all decidual and placental trophoblast types and by maternal and fetal leukocytes. Placental, but not decidual, TLR3 expression was significantly higher in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies. This increase was attributed to placental intravillous tissue and associated with both moderate and severe placental dysfunction. TLR3 pathway functionality in the decidua and placenta was confirmed by TLR3 ligand-induced cytokine response, but the TLR3 expression levels did not correlate between the two sites. In conclusion, functional TLR3 was broadly expressed by maternal and fetal cells at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface and the placental intravillous expression was increased in preeclampsia. This suggests TLR3-mediated inflammatory involvement with local regulation at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobke M Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gabriela B Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zahra Pervaiz
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanne J Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv B Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid J Thaning
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Nervik
- Cellular & Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Seema Mathew
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie V Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Al Abdulmonem W, Rasheed Z, Al Ssadh H, Alkhamiss A, Aljohani AS, Fernández N. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces the intracellular expression of trophoblastic specific CD74 isoform in human first trimester trophoblast cells: Correlation with unsuccessful early pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 141:103152. [PMID: 32521377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During first trimester of human pregnancy, the maternal system develops immunity against infection and to provide protection of allogeneic foetus from abortion. This study was undertaken to determine the role of trophoblast specific CD74 isoforms in first trimester trophoblast derived cells under normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated conditions. METHODS Gene and protein of CD74 were determined in first trimester trophoblast derived cells, JEG-3 and ACH-3 P and also in human placenta by PCR, western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Effect of LPS mediated infection on the regulation of CD74 isoforms was studied intracellularly and also on the cells surface by flow cytometry. RESULTS Data demonstrated that JEG-3 and ACH-3 P cells under normal conditions have not expressed CD74 isoforms neither intracellularly or nor on the surface. These results were further validated directly in human placenta. However, treatment of these trophoblast cells with a bacterial LPS, significantly upregulated CD74 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, expression of CD74 on the surface was not detected even after stimulation with LPS. Interestingly, CD74 isoform at 35 kDa was significantly detected intracellularly upon stimulation with LPS (p < 0.05). These results were further confirmed by western blotting followed by immunoprecipitation. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study concluded that the bacterial LPS induce infection in the first trimester trophoblasts via intracellular upregulation of CD74. Data indicated that the lack of cell surface expression of trophoblastic specific isoforms of CD74 may provide protection for human pregnancy in the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hussain Al Ssadh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Alkhamiss
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Sm Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nelson Fernández
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Hosseini S, Hosseini S, Salehi M. Upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 through anti-miR-Let-7a enhances blastocyst attachment to endometrial cells in mice. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9752-9762. [PMID: 32415675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite encouraging advances in fertility technology, the success rate of an ongoing pregnancy is relatively low and predominantly associated with implantation failure. Inflammatory responses are beneficial in the fetomaternal interface and supposedly accelerate the chances for successful implantation. The current study aims to determine the effect of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression in mouse blastocysts via Let-7a downregulation using intracytoplasmic sperm injection-sperm-mediated gene transfer on embryo attachment rate. The pLenti-III-GFP-miR-Off-Let-7a vector was transmitted to oocytes derived via in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vivo oocytes by using NaOH-treated spermatozoa. Let-7a and TLR4 expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, and western blot analysis in both oocytes and embryos. Blastocyst adhesion on the endometrial cells was monitored by microscopic analysis. qRT-PCR results showed that Let-7a expression decreased in the IVM (GV-MII) oocytes compared to the in vivo oocyte (MII) group (p < .05). TLR4 showed a higher expression in GV-MII oocytes at both the gene and protein levels (p < .05). Following anti-miR-Let-7a transmission, the TLR4 expression level was significantly upregulated in embryos compared with the control groups (p < .05). Attachment and migration of trophoblasts cells towards endometrial cells dramatically increased compared to the control group (p < .05). Based on our results, we concluded that Let-7a might mediate embryo attachment through regulation of TLR4 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Murthi P, Pinar AA, Dimitriadis E, Samuel CS. Inflammasomes-A Molecular Link for Altered Immunoregulation and Inflammation Mediated Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041406. [PMID: 32093005 PMCID: PMC7073120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder and is associated with maladaptation of the maternal cardiovascular system and abnormal placentation. One of the important characteristics in the pathophysiology of PE is a dysfunction of the placenta. Placental insufficiency is associated with poor trophoblast uterine invasion and impaired transformation of the uterine spiral arterioles to high capacity and low impedance vessels and/or abnormalities in the development of chorionic villi. Significant progress in identifying potential molecular targets in the pathophysiology of PE is underway. The human placenta is immunologically functional with the trophoblast able to generate specific and diverse innate immune-like responses through their expression of multimeric self-assembling protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. However, the type of response is highly dependent upon the stimuli, the receptor(s) expressed and activated, the downstream signaling pathways involved, and the timing of gestation. Recent findings highlight that inflammasomes can act as a molecular link for several components at the syncytiotrophoblast surface and also in maternal blood thereby directly influencing each other. Thus, the inflammasome molecular platform can promote adverse inflammatory effects when chronically activated. This review highlights current knowledge in placental inflammasome expression and activity in PE-affected pregnancies, and consequently, vascular dysfunction in PE that must be addressed as an interdependent interactive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia; (A.A.P.); (C.S.S.)
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3168, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-03-99059917
| | - Anita A. Pinar
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia; (A.A.P.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3168, Australia;
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia; (A.A.P.); (C.S.S.)
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22
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Mei C, Yang W, Wei X, Wu K, Huang D. The Unique Microbiome and Innate Immunity During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2886. [PMID: 31921149 PMCID: PMC6929482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy depends on not only the tolerance of the fetal immune system by the mother but also resistance against the threat of hazardous microorganisms. Infection with pathogenic microorganisms during pregnancy may lead to premature delivery, miscarriage, growth restriction, neonatal morbidity, and other adverse outcomes. Moreover, the host also has an intact immune system to avoid these adverse outcomes. It is important to note the presence of normal bacteria in the maternal reproductive tract and the principal role of the maternal-placental-fetal interaction in antimicrobial immunity. Previous studies mainly focused on maternal infection during pregnancy. However, this review summarizes the new views on the study of the maternal microbiome and expounds the innate immune defense mechanism of the maternal vagina and decidua as well as how cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts recognize and kill bacteria in the placenta. Fetal immune systems, thought to be weak, also exhibit an immune defense function that is indispensable for maintaining the safety of the fetus. The skin, lungs, and intestines of the fetus during pregnancy constitute the main immune barriers. These findings will provide a new understanding of the effects of normal microbial flora and how the host resists harmful microbes during pregnancy. We believe that it may also contribute to the reference on the clinical prevention and treatment of gestational infection to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Mei
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kejia Wu
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Biomechanical and functional properties of trophoblast cells exposed to Group B Streptococcus in vitro and the beneficial effects of uvaol treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1417-1428. [PMID: 31254547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the main bacteria that infects pregnant women and can cause abortion and chorioamnionitis. The impact of GBS effects on human trophoblast cells remains largely elusive, and actions toward anti-inflammatory strategies in pregnancy are needed. A potent anti-inflammatory molecule, uvaol is a triterpene from olive oil and its functions in trophoblasts are unknown. We aimed to analyze biomechanical and functional effects of inactivated GBS in trophoblast cells, with the addition of uvaol to test potential benefits. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with uvaol and incubated with inactivated GBS. Cell viability and death were analyzed. Cellular elasticity and topography were accessed by atomic force microscopy. Nitrite production was evaluated by Griess reaction. Nuclear translocation of NFkB p65 was detected by immunofluorescence and Th1/Th2 cytokines by bead-based multiplex assay. RESULTS GBS at 108 CFU increased cell death, which was partially prevented by uvaol. Cell stiffness, cytoskeleton organization and morphology were changed by GBS, and uvaol partially restored these alterations. Nuclear translocation of NFkB p65 began 15 min after GBS incubation and uvaol inhibited this process. GBS decreased IL-4 secretion and increased IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-2, whereas uvaol reverted this. CONCLUSIONS The increased inflammation and cell death caused by GBS correlated with biomechanical and cytoskeleton changes found in trophoblast cells, while uvaol was effective its protective role. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Uvaol is a natural anti-inflammatory product efficient against GBS-induced inflammation and it has potential to be acquired through diet in order to prevent GBS deleterious effects in pregnancy.
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24
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Barboza R, Hasenkamp L, Barateiro A, Murillo O, Peixoto EPM, Lima FA, Reis AS, Gonçalves LA, Epiphanio S, Marinho CRF. Fetal-Derived MyD88 Signaling Contributes to Poor Pregnancy Outcomes During Gestational Malaria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:68. [PMID: 30761111 PMCID: PMC6362412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental malaria (PM) remains a severe public health problem in areas of high malaria transmission. Despite the efforts to prevent infection poor outcomes in Plasmodium endemic areas, there is still a considerable number of preterm births and newborns with low birth weight resulting from PM. Although local inflammation triggered in response to malaria is considered crucial in inducing placental damage, little is known about the differential influence of maternal and fetal immune responses to the disease progression. Therefore, using a PM mouse model, we sought to determine the contribution of maternal and fetal innate immune responses to PM development. For this, we conducted a series of cross-breeding experiments between mice that had differential expression of the MyD88 adaptor protein to obtain mother and correspondent fetuses with distinct genetic backgrounds. By evaluating fetal weight and placental vascular spaces, we have shown that the expression of MyD88 in fetal tissue has a significant impact on PM outcomes. Our results highlighted the existence of a distinct contribution of maternal and fetal immune responses to PM onset. Thus, contributing to the understanding of how inflammatory processes lead to the dysregulation of placental homeostasis ultimately impairing fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Barboza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Lutero Hasenkamp
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Barateiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar Murillo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Paula Machado Peixoto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Afonso Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aramys Silva Reis
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Antunes Gonçalves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Stødle GS, Silva GB, Tangerås LH, Gierman LM, Nervik I, Dahlberg UE, Sun C, Aune MH, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Iversen AC. Placental inflammation in pre-eclampsia by Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome activation in trophoblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:84-94. [PMID: 29683202 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased levels of cholesterol and uric acid and an inflamed placenta expressing danger-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Crystalline cholesterol and uric acid activate the PRR Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome to release interleukin (IL)-1β and result in vigorous inflammation. We aimed to characterize crystal-induced NLRP3 activation in placental inflammation and examine its role in pre-eclampsia. We confirmed that serum total cholesterol and uric acid were elevated in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies and correlated positively to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the pre-eclampsia marker soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway components (NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β) and priming factors [complement component 5a (C5a) and terminal complement complex (TCC)] were co-expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast layer which covers the placental surface and interacts with maternal blood. The expression of IL-1β and TCC was increased significantly and C5a-positive regions in the syncytiotrophoblast layer appeared more frequent in pre-eclamptic compared to normal pregnancies. In-vitro activation of placental explants and trophoblasts confirmed NLRP3 inflammasome pathway functionality by complement-primed crystal-induced release of IL-1β. This study confirms crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation located at the syncytiotrophoblast layer as a mechanism of placental inflammation and suggests contribution of enhanced NLRP3 activation to the harmful placental inflammation in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Stødle
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G B Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L H Tangerås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L M Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - I Nervik
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - U E Dahlberg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - C Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M H Aune
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - L C V Thomsen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A-C Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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26
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Fernández AG, Hielpos MS, Ferrero MC, Fossati CA, Baldi PC. Proinflammatory response of canine trophoblasts to Brucella canis infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186561. [PMID: 29036184 PMCID: PMC5643107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella canis infection is an important cause of late-term abortion in pregnant bitches. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to B. canis-induced abortion are unknown, but heavily infected trophoblasts are consistently observed. As trophoblasts responses to other pathogens contribute to placental inflammation leading to abortion, the aim of the present study was to characterize the cytokine response of canine trophoblasts to B. canis infection. To achieve this, trophoblasts isolated from term placenta of healthy female dogs were infected with B. canis, culture supernatants were harvested for cytokine determinations, and the load of intracellular viable B. canis was determined at different times post-infection. Additionally, cytokine responses were assessed in non-infected trophoblasts stimulated with conditioned media (CM) from B. canis-infected canine monocytes and neutrophils. Finally, cytokine response and bacteria replication were assessed in canine placental explants infected ex vivo. B. canis successfully infected and replicated in primary canine trophoblasts, eliciting an increase in IL-8 and RANTES (CCL5) secretion. Moreover, the stimulation of trophoblasts with CM from B. canis-infected monocytes and neutrophils induced a significant increase in IL-8, IL-6 and RANTES secretion. B. canis replication was confirmed in infected placental explants and the infection elicited an increased secretion of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and RANTES. This study shows that canine trophoblasts produce proinflammatory cytokines in response to B. canis infection and/or to stimulation with factors produced by infected monocytes and neutrophils. These cytokines may contribute to placental inflammation leading to abortion in B. canis-infected pregnant bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Fernández
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Soledad Hielpos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C. Ferrero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A. Fossati
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo C. Baldi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Abstract
Congenital infections with pathogens such as Zika virus, Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, Treponema pallidium, parvovirus, HIV, varicella zoster virus, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpesviruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the devastating impact of microbial infections on the developing fetus, relatively little is known about how pathogens associated with congenital disease breach the placental barrier to transit vertically during human pregnancy. In this Review, we focus on transplacental transmission of pathogens during human gestation. We introduce the structure of the human placenta and describe the innate mechanisms by which the placenta restricts microbial access to the intrauterine compartment. Based on current knowledge, we also discuss the potential pathways employed by microorganisms to overcome the placental barrier and prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Terence S Dermody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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28
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Kaya MS, Kose M, Guzeloglu A, Kıyma Z, Atli MO. Early pregnancy-related changes in toll-like receptors expression in ovine trophoblasts and peripheral blood leukocytes. Theriogenology 2017; 93:40-45. [PMID: 28257865 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to 1) demonstrate the presence of all 10 toll-like receptors (TLRs) in ovine trophoblasts, and 2) investigate the expression profiles of TLR1-10 mRNAs in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in ewes during early pregnancy. For those purposes, ovine trophoblasts (n = 6) were collected from pregnant ewes on day 13. PBLs were collected from non-pregnant (n = 6) and pregnant ewes (n = 17) on days of mating (d) 0 and 18. TLR mRNAs in ovine trophoblasts were visualized by free-floating in situ hybridization (ISH). To assess the expression profiles of TLR1-10 in PBLs, total RNA was isolated and transcribed to cDNA. TLR1-10 mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR in triplicate. The Relative Expression Software Tool (REST 2009) was used for statistical analysis. We detected mRNAs for TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR10 but not for TLR1, TLR3, and TLR9 in trophoblasts. TLR2, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR10 mRNAs were expressed by all trophoblasts, whereas TLR4 mRNA and protein in trophoblasts were more limited. In PBLs, TLR expression did not differ between day 0 and day 18 in non-pregnant ewes; however, ewes in early pregnancy exhibited significantly upregulated expression of TLR2 (2.3-fold), TLR4 (3.1-fold), TLR6 (1.7-fold), and TLR8 (2.2-fold) on day 18 compared with day 0. In contrast, TLR10 was downregulated (2-fold) on day 18 by pregnancy. Similar results were also obtained for TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR8 and TLR10 from the comparison between day 18 non -pregnant and day 18 pregnant groups. According to these results, the presence of TLRs in early ovine trophoblasts suggests that these cells play an immunological role at the maternal-fetal interface. The results also suggest that tight regulation of some components of TLRs in PBLs due to embryo- and/or pregnancy-related factors is necessary for successful establishment of early pregnancy in ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Salih Kaya
- University of Dicle, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kose
- University of Dicle, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Aydin Guzeloglu
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Kıyma
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Osman Atli
- University of Dicle, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Gyneacology and Obstetrics, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
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29
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Pudney J, He X, Masheeb Z, Kindelberger DW, Kuohung W, Ingalls RR. Differential expression of toll-like receptors in the human placenta across early gestation. Placenta 2016; 46:1-10. [PMID: 27697215 PMCID: PMC5119647 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential component of the innate immune system. While a number of studies have described TLR expression in the female reproductive tract, few have examined the temporal expression of TLRs within the human placenta. We hypothesized that the pattern of TLR expression in the placenta changes throughout the first and second trimester, coincident with physiological changes in placental function and the demands of innate immunity. We collected first and second trimester placental tissue and conducted quantitative PCR analysis for TLRs 1-10, followed by immunohistochemistry to define the cell specific expression pattern of a subset of these receptors. Except for the very earliest time points, RNA expression for TLRs 1-10 was stable out to 20 weeks gestation. However, the pattern of protein expression evolved over time. Early first trimester placenta demonstrated a strong, uniform pattern predominantly in the inner villous cytotrophoblast layer. As the placenta matured through the second trimester, both the villous cytotrophoblasts and the pattern of TLR expression within them became disorganized and patchy, with putative Hofbauer cells now identifiable in the tissue also staining positive. We conclude from this data that placental TLR expression changes over the course of gestation, with a tight barrier of TLRs forming a wall of defense along the cytotrophoblast layer in the early first trimester that breaks down as pregnancy progresses. These data are relevant to understanding placental immunity against pathogen exposure throughout pregnancy and may aid in our understanding of the vulnerable period for fetal exposure to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pudney
- Division of Reproductive Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xianbao He
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zahrah Masheeb
- Division of Reproductive Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Kindelberger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Kuohung
- Division of Reproductive Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robin R Ingalls
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Cappelletti M, Della Bella S, Ferrazzi E, Mavilio D, Divanovic S. Inflammation and preterm birth. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:67-78. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr0615-272rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying causes of pregnancy-associated complication are numerous, it is well established that infection and inflammation represent a highly significant risk factor in preterm birth. However, despite the clinical and public health significance, infectious agents, molecular trigger(s), and immune pathways underlying the pathogenesis of preterm birth remain underdefined and represent a major gap in knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of recent clinical and animal model data focused on the interplay between infection-driven inflammation and induction of preterm birth. Furthermore, here, we highlight the critical gaps in knowledge that warrant future investigations into the interplay between immune responses and induction of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cappelletti
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Childrenˈs Hospital, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences School of Medicine, University of Milan , Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio , USA
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Anupa G, Bhat MA, Srivastava AK, Sharma JB, Mehta N, Patil A, Sengupta J, Ghosh D. Cationic antimicrobial peptide, magainin down-regulates secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by early placental cytotrophoblasts. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:121. [PMID: 26546156 PMCID: PMC4636767 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human placental villous cytotrophoblasts exhibit relative externalization of negatively charged moieties to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the time of syncytialization rendering their reactivity to positively charged cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) during the window of implantation and early placentation. Vaginal administration of a synthetic CAMP, Ala(8,13,18)-magainin II amide (AMA) inhibited blastocyst implantation and early placentation in monkeys. Furthermore, the administration of AMA resulted in significant inhibition of cell differentiation, enhancement in apoptosis and loss of viability in first trimester placental villous cytotrophoblasts in primary culture. The present study examines the effect of in vitro application of different doses (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/ml) of AMA on the secreted cytokine profiles of cytotrophoblasts obtained from placental villi samples (n = 13) collected during 8-9 weeks of gestation and grown on three-dimensional collagen matrix in vitro. METHODS A panel of forty-eight (48) cytokines in conditioned medium was analysed using multiplex immunoassays technique. Further, the steady state transcript levels of four cytokines (CCL4, CCL5, IL1B, IL6), the concentrations of which were affected by AMA in the isolated cytotrophoblasts, as well as, two cytokines (IL1A and TNF) which were not affected by AMA were estimated. Input list of cytokines secreted by cytotrophoblasts and showing differential secretion in response to AMA were used in enrichment analysis for the generation of biological networks. RESULTS Placental cytotrophoblasts secreted 27 cytokines, 13 of which are affected by AMA in vitro with significantly decreased secretion of CCLs-2, 3, 4, 5, CXCLs-1 and 8, FGF2 and MCSF and that of IL1B, IL6 and MIF, and increased secretion of IL16 and IL-2RA. Of the above cytokines showing differential secretion, only IL-2RA, IL16 and MIF showed significant correspondence in the steady state expression of their respective transcript levels. Post-hoc Enrichment analysis revealed Toll-like receptor (TLR) mediated pathways were the top-scored target pathways that were affected by AMA. CONCLUSIONS Administration of a CAMP causes shift in the balance of immune-inflammatory responses involving downstream pathways of TLRs in cytotrophoblast function. Further verification of functions of placental trophoblasts on administration of CAMP with pregnancy outcome is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anupa
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - M A Bhat
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - A K Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - J B Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - N Mehta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Asmita Patil
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Jayasree Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Gierman LM, Stødle GS, Tangerås LH, Austdal M, Olsen GD, Follestad T, Skei B, Rian K, Gundersen AS, Austgulen R, Iversen AC. Toll-like receptor profiling of seven trophoblast cell lines warrants caution for translation to primary trophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:1246-53. [PMID: 26386649 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive placental inflammation is associated with pregnancy complications. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors for danger signals from infections and damaged tissue and initiate inflammation. Trophoblasts in the placenta broadly express TLRs. Trophoblast cell lines are used as surrogates for primary trophoblasts for in vitro studies, but the inflammatory translatability of trophoblast cell lines warrants examination. We aimed to assess TLR1-10 gene expression and activation in seven trophoblast cell lines and compare this to primary trophoblasts. METHODS The five choriocarcinoma trophoblast cell lines BeWo, JAR, JEG-3, AC1M-32 and ACH-3P, and the two SV40 transfected trophoblast cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and SGHPL-5 were included and compared to primary first trimester trophoblasts (n = 6). TLR1-10 gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Cells were stimulated by specific TLR1-9 ligands for 24 h and cytokine release was measured by a 10-plex immunoassay. RESULTS All choriocarcinoma cell lines demonstrated broad TLR gene expression, but lacked functional cytokine response to TLR ligand activation. In contrast, SV40 transfected cell lines showed restricted TLR gene expression, but SGHPL-5 cells displayed significantly increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12 and vascular endothelial growth factor A after TLR3 and/or TLR4 activation (P < 0.01), while TLR2 activation increased IL-6 and IL-8 levels (P < 0.05). HTR8/SVneo cells responded to TLR3 activation by increased IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ (P < 0.05). The SGHPL-5 TLR profile most closely resembled primary trophoblast. DISCUSSION The characterized trophoblast cell line TLR profiles serve as a reference and warrant caution when selecting trophoblast cell lines as in vitro models for immune responses in primary trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - G S Stødle
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
| | - L H Tangerås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway
| | - M Austdal
- St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G D Olsen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Follestad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - B Skei
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Rian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A S Gundersen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - R Austgulen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - A C Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Chen B, Zaveri PG, Longtine MS, Nelson DM. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) mediates pomegranate juice protection from apoptosis in hypoxic BeWo cells but not in primary human trophoblasts. Placenta 2015; 36:847-53. [PMID: 26028238 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) expression is increased in placentas of human pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction and in hypoxic cultured primary trophoblasts. We previously showed that elevated NDRG1 decreases trophoblast apoptosis induced by hypoxia. Separately, we found that pomegranate juice (PJ) decreases cell death induced by hypoxia in trophoblasts. Here, we test the hypothesis that PJ protects trophoblasts from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by modulating NDRG1 expression. METHODS Quantitative rtPCR was used to investigate the effects of PJ treatment on mRNA levels of 22 candidate genes involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and differentiation in trophoblasts. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze NDRG1 protein levels. siRNA-mediated NDRG1 knockdown was used to investigate the role of NDRG1 in response to PJ in hypoxic BeWo choriocarcinoma cells and hypoxic cultured primary human trophoblasts. RESULTS The mRNA levels of eight genes were altered, with NDRG1 showing the largest response to PJ and thus, we pursued the role of NDRG1 here. PJ significantly increased NDRG1 protein expression in primary trophoblasts and in BeWo cells. Knockdown of NDRG1 in hypoxic BeWo cells in the presence of PJ yielded increased apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of NDRG1 in hypoxic primary trophoblasts in the presence of PJ did not increase apoptosis. DISCUSSION We conclude that the PJ-mediated decrease in cell death in hypoxia is partially mediated by NDRG1 in BeWo cells but not in primary trophoblasts. The disparate effects of NDRG1 between BeWo cells and primary trophoblasts indicate caution is required when extrapolating from results obtained with cell lines to primary trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - P G Zaveri
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M S Longtine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D M Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Lundell AC, Hesselmar B, Nordström I, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Rudin A. Higher B-cell activating factor levels at birth are positively associated with maternal dairy farm exposure and negatively related to allergy development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1074-1082.e3. [PMID: 25936566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of circulating immature/naive CD5(+) B cells during early infancy is a risk factor for allergy development. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is an important cytokine for B-cell maturation. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate whether BAFF levels are related to environmental exposures during pregnancy and early childhood and whether BAFF levels are associated with postnatal B-cell maturation and allergic disease. METHODS In the FARMFLORA study, including both farming and nonfarming families, we measured BAFF levels in plasma from mothers and their children at birth and at 1, 4, 18, and 36 months of age. Infants' blood samples were also analyzed for B-cell numbers and proportions of CD5(+) and CD27(+) B cells. Allergic disease was clinically evaluated at 18 and 36 months of age. RESULTS Circulating BAFF levels were maximal at birth, and farmers' children had higher BAFF levels than nonfarmers' children. Higher BAFF levels at birth were positively associated with proportions of CD27(+) memory B cells among farmers' children and inversely related to proportions of CD5(+) immature/naive B cells among nonfarmers' children. Children with allergic disease at 18 months of age had lower cord blood BAFF levels than nonallergic children. At birth, girls had higher BAFF levels and lower proportions of CD5(+) B cells than boys. CONCLUSIONS Farm exposure during pregnancy appears to induce BAFF production in the newborn child, and high neonatal BAFF levels were associated with more accelerated postnatal B-cell maturation, which lend further strength to the role of B cells in the hygiene hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Bill Hesselmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Hummel J, Kämmerer U, Müller N, Avota E, Schneider-Schaulies S. Human endogenous retrovirus envelope proteins target dendritic cells to suppress T-cell activation. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1748-59. [PMID: 25752285 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Though mostly defective, human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) can retain open reading frames, which are especially expressed in the placenta. There, the envelope (env) proteins of HERV-W (Syncytin-1), HERV-FRD (Syncytin-2), and HERV-K (HML-2) were implicated in tolerance against the semi-allogenic fetus. Here, we show that the known HERV env-binding receptors ASCT-1 and -2 and MFSD2 are expressed by DCs and T-cells. When used as effectors in coculture systems, CHO cells transfected to express Syncytin-1, -2, or HML-2 did not affect T-cell expansion or overall LPS-driven phenotypic DC maturation, however, promoted release of IL-12 and TNF-α rather than IL-10. In contrast, HERV env expressing choriocarcinoma cell lines suppressed T-cell proliferation and LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-12 release, however, promoted IL-10 accumulation, indicating that these effects might not rely on HERV env interactions. However, DCs conditioned by choriocarcinoma, but also transgenic CHO cells failed to promote allogenic T-cell expansion. This was associated with a loss of DC/T-cell conjugate frequencies, impaired Ca(2+) mobilization, and aberrant patterning of f-actin and tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in T-cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that HERV env proteins target T-cell activation indirectly by modulating the stimulatory activity of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hummel
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kämmerer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nora Müller
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Barbosa BF, Lopes-Maria JB, Gomes AO, Angeloni MB, Castro AS, Franco PS, Fermino ML, Roque-Barreira MC, Ietta F, Martins-Filho OA, Silva DAO, Mineo JR, Ferro EAV. IL10, TGF beta1, and IFN gamma modulate intracellular signaling pathways and cytokine production to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in BeWo trophoblast cells. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:82. [PMID: 25673564 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1), and interferon gamma (IFNG) are involved in the susceptibility of BeWo trophoblast cells to Toxoplasma gondii infection, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effector mechanisms triggered by these cytokines in the control of T. gondii in BeWo cells. For this purpose, infected/uninfected BeWo cells were treated with IL10, TGFB1 (50 ng/ml), and IFNG (20 or 100 ng/ml) in order to verify the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT3, and Smad2, parasite intracellular proliferation, as well as the Th1/Th2/IL17A cytokine production. The treatment of BeWo cells with IL10 and TGFB1 favored T. gondii proliferation, and these findings were associated with STAT3 and Smad2 phosphorylation, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, these cytokine treatments were able to down-modulate TNF alpha (TNFA) and IL6 production (P < 0.05). Low concentration of IFNG was unable to control T. gondii infection but was able to trigger STAT1 phosphorylation and up-regulate IL6 and IL17A production; whereas a high concentration of IFNG was unable to activate STAT1 but down-modulated IL6 and TNFA and increased T. gondii proliferation (P < 0.05). IL10, TGFB1, and IFNG regulate a differential T. gondii proliferation in BeWo cells because they distinctly trigger intracellular signaling pathways and cytokine production, especially IL6 and TNFA. Our data open new windows to understand the mechanisms triggered by IL10, TGFB1, and IFNG at the maternal-fetal interface in the presence of T. gondii, contributing to recognizing the importance of these effector mechanisms involved in the vertical transmission of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Janice Buiate Lopes-Maria
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bodini Angeloni
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva Castro
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marise Lopes Fermino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratory of Chagas Disease, René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deise Aparecida Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ballesteros A, Mentink-Kane MM, Warren J, Kaplan GG, Dveksler GS. Induction and activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1 are carried out by two distinct domains of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1). J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4422-31. [PMID: 25548275 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are a family of Ig-like proteins secreted by specialized placental cells. The PSG1 structure is composed of a single Ig variable region-like N-terminal domain and three Ig constant region-like domains termed A1, A2, and B2. Members of the human and murine PSG family have been shown to induce anti-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes and macrophages and to stimulate angiogenesis. We recently showed that recombinant forms of PSG1 (PSG1-Fc and PSG1-His) and PSG1 purified from the serum of pregnant women are associated with the immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-β1 and activated latent TGF-β1. Here, we sought to examine the requirement of specific PSG1 domains in the activation of latent TGF-β1. Plasmon surface resonance studies showed that PSG1 directly bound to the small latent complex and to the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1 and that this binding was mediated through the B2 domain. Furthermore, the B2 domain alone was sufficient for activating the small latent complex. In separate experiments, we found that the PSG1-mediated induction of TGF-β1 secretion in macrophages was dependent on the N-terminal domain. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that four amino acids (LYHY) of the CC' loop of the N-terminal domain were required for induction of latent TGF-β1 secretion. Together, our results show that two distinct domains of PSG1 are involved in the regulation of TGF-β1 and provide a mechanistic framework for how PSGs modulate the immunoregulatory environment at the maternal-fetal interface for successful pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ballesteros
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Margaret M Mentink-Kane
- the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - James Warren
- the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Gerardo G Kaplan
- From the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Gabriela S Dveksler
- the Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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