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Gernert JA, Warm M, Salvermoser L, Krüger N, Bethe S, Kocheise L, von Hake M, Meyer-Schwickerath C, Graupe T, Fischer MR, Dimitriadis K. Characteristics and quality assessment of online mentoring profile texts in academic medical mentoring. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:849. [PMID: 37946146 PMCID: PMC10636985 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentoring is important for a successful career in academic medicine. In online matching processes, profile texts are decisive for the mentor-selection. We aimed to qualitatively characterize mentoring-profile-texts, identify differences in form and content and thus elements that promote selection. METHODS In a mixed method study first, quality of texts in 150 selected mentoring profiles was evaluated (10-point Likert scale; 1 = insufficient to 10 = very good). Second, based on a thematic and content analysis approach of profile texts, categories and subcategories were defined. We compared the presence of the assigned categories between the 25% highest ranked profiles with the 25% lowest ranked ones. Finally, additional predefined categories (hot topics) were labelled on the selected texts and their impact on student evaluation was statistically examined. RESULTS Students rated the quality of texts with a mean of 5.89 ± 1.45. 5 main thematic categories, 21 categories and a total of 74 subcategories were identified. Ten subcategories were significantly associated with high- and four with low-rated profiles. The presence of three or more hot topics in texts significantly correlated with a positive evaluation. CONCLUSION The introduced classification system helps to understand how mentoring profile texts are composed and which aspects are important for choosing a suited mentor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Gernert
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Warm
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Lukas Salvermoser
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Krüger
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Stephan Bethe
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kocheise
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Malte von Hake
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Charlotte Meyer-Schwickerath
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanja Graupe
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Martin R Fischer
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Dimitriadis
- Institute of Medical Education, LMU University Hospital, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, Munich, 80336, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
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Müller S, Wendt LP, Schicktanz P, Hopwood CJ, Zimmermann J. Development and Validation of a German Interpersonal Sensitivities Circumplex (ISC-G). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Interpersonal Sensitivities Circumplex (ISC) assesses individual differences in sensitivities to aversive interpersonal behaviors. In this research (total N = 1,519), we developed and validated a German adaptation of the ISC (ISC-G) and extended the nomological net of interpersonal sensitivity as a construct. Using the structural summary method, we investigated associations with self- and informant reports of adaptive (interpersonal) personality traits as well as self-reported personality functioning, maladaptive personality traits, childhood trauma, and hypersensitivity. Replicating and extending previous findings with the ISC, the present research sheds light on the interplay between different personality traits and the perception of others’ interpersonal behavior. Results suggested that individuals report experiencing interpersonal behavior opposite to their own self-description in terms of agency and communion as aversive. This oppositional pattern was most pronounced for antagonistic vs. agreeable traits/behaviors. We discuss these results in the context of research on personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Müller
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Leon P. Wendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany
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Wood A, Templeton E, Morrel J, Schubert F, Wheatley T. Tendency to laugh is a stable trait: findings from a round-robin conversation study. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210187. [PMID: 36126663 PMCID: PMC9489291 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People often laugh during conversation. Who is more responsible for the laughter, the person laughing or their partner for eliciting it? We used a round-robin design where participants (N = 66) engaged in 10 different conversations with 10 same-gender strangers and counted the instances of laughter for each person in each conversation. After each conversation, participants rated their perceived similarity with their partner and how much they enjoyed the conversation. More than half the variability in the amount a person laughed was attributable to the person laughing-some people tend to laugh more than others. By contrast, less than 5% of the variability was attributable to the laugher's partner. We also found that the more a person laughed, the more their partners felt similar to them. Counterintuitively, laughter negatively predicted conversation enjoyment. These findings suggest that, in conversations between strangers, laughter may not be a straightforward signal of amusement, but rather a social tool. We did not find any personality predictors of how much a person laughs or elicits laughter. In summary, how much a person laughs in conversation appears to be a stable trait associated with being relatable, and is not necessarily reflective of enjoyment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wood
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thalia Wheatley
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Chan G, Arya A, Orji R, Zhao Z. Motivational strategies and approaches for single and multi-player exergames: a social perspective. PeerJ Comput Sci 2019; 5:e230. [PMID: 33816883 PMCID: PMC7924718 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exergames have attracted the interest of academics, practitioners, and designers, in domains as diverse as health, human-computer interaction, psychology, and information technology. This is primarily because exergames can make the exercise experience more enjoyable and entertaining, and in turn, can increase exercise levels. Despite the many benefits of exergames, they suffer from retention problems. Thus, the objective of this article was to review theories and game elements that have been empirically examined or employed in an attempt to make exergames more motivating so people engage in sustained physical activity (duration of physical activity) in a repeating pattern over time (frequency of physical activity). METHODOLOGY A literature search and narrative review were conducted. RESULTS Five major theories and elements were prevalent in the exergaming literature: (1) self-determination theory, (2) gamification, (3) competition and cooperation, (4) situational interest, and (5) social interaction. These theories and elements are important for encouraging long-term play and show promise for designing exergames to promote sustained engagement and motivate physical activity. We discuss their strengths and weaknesses throughout the paper. CONCLUSIONS The long-term effectiveness of exergame interventions is unclear mainly because of the limited amount of long-term studies. Better metrics are also needed to evaluate this effectiveness. We also identified particular attention to social factors and group dynamics, such as multi-player exergames and more effective player matchmaking strategies for increasing social connectedness, as a key area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Chan
- Carleton School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Arya
- Carleton School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Orji
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lamkin J, Maples-Keller JL, Miller JD. How Likable Are Personality Disorder and General Personality Traits to Those Who Possess Them? J Pers 2017; 86:173-185. [PMID: 28124372 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to investigate whether having higher scores on maladaptive personality traits was related to rating these traits as more likable. METHOD Two studies were conducted, one with personality disorder traits (N = 219; Mage = 19.4; 63.8% female; 76.6% Caucasian) and one with general personality traits (N = 198; Mage = 19.5; 69.7% female; 77.3% Caucasian). In each study, participants self-rated their own personality and separately provided ratings of how "likable" they considered those personality traits. RESULTS As expected, participants rated maladaptive traits more favorably if they considered themselves to possess those traits as well. Also as expected, individuals with higher Antagonism scores (including self-rated Dark Triad constructs of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) rated Antagonism and its related facets as "tolerable"-not necessarily likable, but as less unlikable than the average participant. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for the ways that individuals with personality pathology perceive the people around them, which may in turn impact their expectations and behaviors.
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Gerrig RJ, Bagelmann KA, Mumper ML. On the Origins of Readers' Outcome Preferences. DISCOURSE PROCESSES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2016.1164001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wróbel M, Królewiak K, Czarna AZ. Do I Mirror Your Mood if We’re Peas in a Pod? Similarity and Liking in the Social Induction of Affect. The Journal of Social Psychology 2015; 155:636-49. [PMID: 25950457 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1047437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Voting for a personality: Do first impressions and self-evaluations affect voting decisions? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2014; 51:62-68. [PMID: 25089064 PMCID: PMC4110983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
People rated themselves and video clips of politicians on personality. People gave an estimate of the probability that they would vote for the politicians. Ratings of some personality traits were strongly related to voting behavior. For the preferred personality traits people gave themselves higher ratings. People’s voting decisions may be guided by traits they value high in themselves.
Participants were asked to assess their own personality (i.e. Big Five scales), the personality of politicians shown in brief silent video clips, and the probability that they would vote for these politicians. Response surface analyses (RSA) revealed noteworthy effects of self-ratings and observer-ratings of openness, agreeableness, and emotional stability on voting probability. Furthermore, the participants perceived themselves as being more open, more agreeable, more emotionally stable, and more extraverted than the average politician. The study supports previous findings that first impressions affect decision making on important issues. Results also indicate that when only nonverbal information is available people prefer political candidates they perceive as having personality traits they value in themselves.
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Shin H, Ryan AM. Friendship Networks and Achievement Goals: An Examination of Selection and Influence Processes and Variations by Gender. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 43:1453-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Reid CA, Davis JL, Green JD. The Power of Change: Interpersonal Attraction as a Function of Attitude Similarity and Attitude Alignment. The Journal of Social Psychology 2013; 153:700-19. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2013.824404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Tenney ER, Vazire S, Mehl MR. This examined life: the upside of self-knowledge for interpersonal relationships. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69605. [PMID: 23936057 PMCID: PMC3729952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although self-knowledge is an unquestioned good in many philosophical traditions, testing this assumption scientifically has posed a challenge because of the difficulty of measuring individual differences in self-knowledge. In this study, we used a novel, naturalistic, and objective criterion to determine individuals' degree of self-knowledge. Specifically, self-knowledge was measured as the congruence between people's beliefs about how they typically behave and their actual behavior as measured with unobtrusive audio recordings from daily life. We found that this measure of self-knowledge was positively correlated with informants' perceptions of relationship quality. These results suggest that self-knowledge is interpersonally advantageous. Given the importance of relationships for our social species, self-knowledge could have great social value that has heretofore been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Tenney
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Furr RM, Wood D. On the similarity between exchangeable profiles: A psychometric model, analytic strategy, and empirical illustration. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2013; 47:233-247. [PMID: 24039314 PMCID: PMC3771326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of profile similarity are widespread in personality psychology, but their apparent simplicity masks difficult psychometric and statistical issues. We present a psychometric framework that addresses an important challenge (i.e., profile normativeness) in examinations of dyadic exchangeable profiles. In addition, we present an analytic strategy accounting for non-independence that often arises in analyses of profile similarity, facilitating integrated examinations of variables at dyadic and individual levels. An empirical analysis of personality similarity and relationship quality demonstrates that the model and analytic strategy can reveal novel psychological insights. These are important advances, as previous work has ignored exchangeable profiles and has failed to present an integrated psychometric and statistical framework for profile similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Michael Furr
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | - Dustin Wood
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
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Stark TH, Flache A, Veenstra R. Generalization of positive and negative attitudes toward individuals to outgroup attitudes. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2013; 39:608-22. [PMID: 23471320 DOI: 10.1177/0146167213480890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The generalization of attitudes toward individual outgroup members into attitudes toward the outgroup as a whole can affect intergroup relations. However, little is known about the relative strengths of the generalization of negative and positive interpersonal attitudes into attitudes about the outgroup. The unique contribution of negative (disliking) interpersonal attitudes to intergroup attitudes was examined and its strength was compared with the effect of positive (liking) interpersonal attitudes, using cross-sectional (Study 1; N = 733, age 10-12) and longitudinal data (Study 2; N = 960, age 12-13). Disliking uniquely contributed to respondents' outgroup attitudes. The generalization of interpersonal liking and disliking was about equally strong in both studies. This underpins the importance of examining the effects of both positive and negative intergroup contact experiences on the formation of outgroup attitudes.
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Gardner BO, Titcomb C, Cramer RJ, Stroud CH, Bate BP. Perceived Personality Similarity and Perceptions of Expert Testimony. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined perceived similarity in a mock juror-expert witness paradigm. Using a Five-Factor Model (FFM) perspective, 328 mock jurors provided self-rated personality characteristics and rated the expert witness on personality as well as testimony-related outcomes of credibility and agreement (as indicated by sentencing recommendations). Results showed that perceived similarity in all FFM traits predicted perceptions of expert credibility. Openness and Conscientiousness predicted agreement with the witness. Global perceived personality similarity was associated with credibility, but not agreement with the witness, when simultaneously evaluated with trait-level similarity. Findings support the utility of a multidimensional trait-based model of perceived similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett O. Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert J. Cramer
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Caroline H. Stroud
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Brittany P. Bate
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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Farmer TW, McAuliffe Lines M, Hamm JV. Revealing the invisible hand: The role of teachers in children's peer experiences. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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