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Williams A, Peirce N, Griffin S, Langley B, Warren A, Wedatilake T, Goggins L, McKay CD, Stokes KA, Williams S. A similar injury profile observed in franchise men's and women's cricket in England and Wales: injury surveillance analysis from the first three 'The Hundred' competitions. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001815. [PMID: 38268523 PMCID: PMC10806551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the injury profile of a novel format cricket competition ('The Hundred') and compare injury incidence and prevalence between the men's and women's competitions. Methods Medical staff prospectively collected injury data from the eight men's and women's teams during the 2021-2023 competitions. Injury definitions and incidence calculations followed the international consensus statement. Results In the men's competition, 164 injuries were recorded, compared with 127 in the women's competition. Tournament injury incidence was 36.6 (95% CI 31.4 to 42.7) and 32.5 (95% CI 27.3 to 38.7)/100 players/tournament in the men's and women's competition, respectively. Non-time-loss incidence (men's 26.6 (95% CI 22.2 to 31.8), women's 24.6 (95% CI 20.1 to 30.0)/100 players/tournament) was higher than time-loss incidence (men's 10.0 (95% CI 7.5 to 13.5), women's 7.9 (95% CI 5.6 to 11.3)/100 players/tournament). Injury prevalence was 2.9% and 3.6% in the men's and women's competitions, respectively. Match fielding was the most common activity at injury in both competitions. The thigh and hand were the most common body location time-loss injury in the men's and women's competitions, respectively. Conclusion A similar injury profile was observed between the men's and women's competition. Preventative strategies targeting thigh injuries in the men's competition and hand injuries in the women's competition would be beneficial. Compared with published injury rates, 'The Hundred' men's presents a greater risk of injury than Twenty20 (T20), but similar to one-day cricket, with 'The Hundred' women's presenting a similar injury risk to T20 and one-day cricket. Additional years of data are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Williams
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
| | - Nicholas Peirce
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | - Steve Griffin
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Anna Warren
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Luke Goggins
- Science and Medicine, England and Wales Cricket Board, Loughborough, UK
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
| | - Sean Williams
- Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), Edinburgh & Bath, UK
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Barrenetxea-Garcia J, Gil SM, Esain I, Torres-Unda J. Relationship between strength training and shoulder pain in male and female water polo players. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:345-356. [PMID: 38188131 PMCID: PMC10766445 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346472.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of two different strength-training methods on both male and female water polo players' performance and shoulder pain. The players were randomly allocated to a maximum strength (MS: 14 males, 8 females) or power strength (PS: 13 males, 8 females) training group. Before and after the intervention, we assessed player's anthropometric characteristics, shoulder internal and external rotation strength, hand grip strength, upper body strength, countermovement jump height, throwing velocity, swimming speed, shoulder pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS), wellness, and rate of perceived exertion per session. We observed no significant improvement (P<0.05) in specific skills but enhancement in hand grip strength in male players. In female players in the MS group, throwing speed and bench press weight decreased significantly (P<0.05). Shoulder external rotation strength at 240°/sec in male MS group players and shoulder external rotation strength at 60°/sec in female PS group players decreased significantly (P<0.05). In addition, from the first to the last week, shoulder pain increased significantly (P<0.05) in all players. Inverse correlations (P<0.05) were found between VAS and shoulder rotation strength in males in the PS group, and between wellness and shoulder internal rotation strength in men in the MS group and women in the PS group. We found that both MS and PS training did not enhance performance and increased shoulder pain in male and female water polo players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josu Barrenetxea-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa,
Spain
| | - Susana M. Gil
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa,
Spain
| | - Izaro Esain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa,
Spain
| | - Jon Torres-Unda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa,
Spain
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van Iersel TP, van Spanning SH, Verweij LP, Priester-Vink S, van Deurzen DF, van den Bekerom MP. Why do patients with anterior shoulder instability not return to sport after surgery? A systematic review of 63 studies comprising 3545 patients. JSES Int 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Olivier B, Obiora OL, MacMillan C, Finch C. Injury surveillance in community cricket: A new inning for South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022; 78:1756. [PMID: 35814045 PMCID: PMC9257739 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Published injury rates amongst elite and club-level youth cricketers highlight the need to implement injury risk-reducing strategies amongst the youth cricketing population. Data from sports injury surveillance systems are a prerequisite for the development and evaluation of strategies to reduce injury risk. Therefore, collecting injury surveillance data is a positive move towards reducing injuries in cricket. In South Africa, a systematic, standardised, evidence-informed injury surveillance system currently does not exist for community levels of play, namely, in cricket-playing high schools and cricket clubs. Although injury surveillance systems exist at elite levels, the obvious differences in elite versus community cricket settings mean that these systems cannot be implemented in their current form at community-level cricket. An innovative model is required to implement an injury surveillance system in community cricket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Olivier
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluchukwu L. Obiora
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Candice MacMillan
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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5
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Partner R, Jones B, Tee J, Francis P. Playing through the pain: The prevalence of perceived shoulder dysfunction in uninjured rugby players using the Rugby Shoulder Score. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 54:53-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dutton M, Gray J, Divekar N, Prins D, Tam N. Overhead throwing biomechanics in cricketers: The effect of a run-up approach. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1686-1694. [PMID: 34498548 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1979103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
HighlightsThrowing arm motion is similar irrespective of the approach used by cricketers to throw.Throwing with a run-up produced increased angles of lumbo-pelvic and dominant hip flexion in various phases of the throwing cycle.Throwing with a run-up resulted in greater shoulder compression and posterior force at maximum external rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dutton
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janine Gray
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cricket South Africa, Northlands, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nikhil Divekar
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Prins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Tam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Launch Innovation Team, Research and Development Department, Anta (China) Company Limited, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wright AA, Ness BM, Donaldson M, Hegedus EJ, Salamh P, Cleland JA. Effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in an overhead athletic population: A systematic review. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:189-193. [PMID: 34560586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes. DESIGN Systematic Review. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from database inception through December 2020 for randomized controlled or prospective cohort studies that implemented shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes and reported shoulder injury incidence rates. RESULTS Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two studies reported on odds ratios (OR) that resulted in a reduction of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes following shoulder strengthening and flexibility exercises (OR, 0.72; 95% CI; 0.52, 0.98; OR, 0.22; 95% CI; 0.06, 0.75). One study reported on hazard ratio (HR) that resulted in a reduction of shoulder injuries following stretching of the posterior capsule (HR, 0.36; 95% CI; 0.13, 0.95). CONCLUSION There is limited research surrounding the effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in overhead athletes specific to injury reduction. Only three studies reported a favorable effect in terms of injury prevention, with only one study at low risk of bias. At present, no conclusions can be made regarding the effectiveness of shoulder injury prevention programs in the overhead athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis A Wright
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Brandon M Ness
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Megan Donaldson
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Eric J Hegedus
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Paul Salamh
- Krannert School of Physical Therapy, University of Indianapolis, 1400 East Hanna Ave, Indianapolis, IN, 46227, USA
| | - Joshua A Cleland
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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The association between gird and overhead throwing biomechanics in cricket. J Biomech 2021; 126:110658. [PMID: 34358903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of GIRD is a well-documented adaptation associated with repetitive overhead throwing in numerous sports. In occurrence with total rotational range of motion deficit, GIRD is considered pathological and increases shoulder injury risk. While cricketers demonstrate these deficits in rotational range; the association between GIRD and overhead throwing has yet to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between GIRD and overhead throwing biomechanics in cricketers. Passive shoulder rotational range of motion was measured in 15 cricketers (elite = 8, amateur = 7). Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained during overhead throws from a stationary and run-up approach. Linear regression was used to determine potential relationships between GIRD and discrete shoulder kinetics for both throwing approaches. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping regression was conducted to assess relationships between GIRD and throwing kinematics. When throwing overhead from a stationary position, GIRD was associated with reduced hip abduction during the preparatory arc (p = 0.002); superior shoulder (p = 0.003) and elbow compressive (p = 0.009) forces, at cocking. In addition, GIRD was associated with increased posterior shoulder force during arm deceleration for both stationary (p = 0.013) and run-up approaches (p = 0.03) to overhead throwing. Cricketers with GIRD utilise a shorter stride, creating early pelvic rotation and a slow throwing arm with an associated reduction in forces about the shoulder and elbow at cocking, when throwing from a stationary position. Further, overload of the posterior shoulder occurs during arm deceleration, irrespective of throwing approach. These findings highlight potential shoulder injury risk.
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Tallent J, de Weymarn C, Ahmun R, Jones TW. The impact of all-rounders and team injury status on match and series success in international cricket. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2754-2757. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1798721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Tallent
- School of Sport Health and Applied Science, St Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK
| | | | - Robert Ahmun
- England and Wales Cricket Board, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Thomas W. Jones
- Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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