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Marr C, Webb RT, Yee N, Dean K. A Systematic Review of Interpersonal Violence Perpetration and Victimization Risk Examined Within Single Study Cohorts, Including in Relation to Mental Illness. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:130-149. [PMID: 36737885 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221145732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rates of both violent victimization and violence perpetration are known to be elevated among individuals with mental illness compared with those in the general population, though the relative risk of each outcome is less well established. In this systematic review, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Criminal Justice Abstracts were searched for articles published any time before October 2021 that reported the prevalence or incidence of both violent victimization and perpetration. We performed two searches to identify studies using samples or cohorts of (1) persons with mental illnesses and (2) persons in the general population. A total of 25 studies (9 examining persons with mental illnesses, 13 examining persons in the general population, and 3 examining both sample/cohort types) were identified and data was extracted to describe the type and size of cohort or sample, definitions and terminology (i.e., mental illness, violence victimization, violence perpetration), data source(s), observation period, prevalence/incidence of victimization, and prevalence/incidence of perpetration. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data was used to conduct a quality assessment of all included studies. Due to marked study heterogeneity, results were presented using a narrative synthesis approach. Across studies, findings were mixed, and the methodological approaches varied greatly. Broadly, the review provides evidence for (1) higher rates of victimization than perpetration for both individuals with mental illness and those in the general population and (2) higher rates of both victimization and perpetration for those with mental illness compared to those in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Marr
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger T Webb
- University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
- University of Manchester, UK
| | - Natalia Yee
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW, Australia
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Christ C, de Waal MM, Kikkert MJ, Fluri DG, Beekman AT, Dekker JJ, van Schaik DJ. Violent victimization and revictimization in patients with depressive disorders: context characteristics, disclosure rates, and gender differences. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:403. [PMID: 35710391 PMCID: PMC9202098 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients are prone to violent victimization, and patients who were victimized once are at increased risk to fall victim to violence again. However, knowledge on the context of victimization in depressed patients is lacking, and research identifying targets for prevention is urgently needed. METHODS This cross-sectional study explored context characteristics, disclosure rates and gender differences regarding violent victimization in 153 recently victimized depressed patients. Additionally, 12-month prevalence rates of repeat threat, physical assault, and sexual assault were examined, and gender differences were investigated using t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with repeat victimization. RESULTS Overall, depressed men were most often victimized by a stranger in public, and women by their partner or ex-partner at home. Regarding sexual assault, no gender differences could be examined. Patients were sexually assaulted most often by an acquaintance (50.0%) or stranger (27.8%). In all patients, the most recent incidents of threat (67.6%) and physical assault (80.0%) were often preceded by a conflict, and only a minority had been intoxicated prior to the assault. Notably, less than half of patients had disclosed their recent experience of threat (40.6%) and physical assault (47.1%) to their mental health caregiver. For sexual assault, this was only 20%. Less than one third of patients had reported their recent experience of threat (27.9%), physical assault (30.0%) and sexual assault (11.1%) to the police. 48.4% of patients had been victimized repeatedly in the past year, with no gender differences found. Only depressive symptoms and unemployment were univariately associated with repeat victimization, but not in the multiple model. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of repeat victimization in depressed patients and their low disclosure rates stress the need to implement routine enquiry of victimization in mental health care, and to develop preventive interventions accounting for specific needs of men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Christ
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.491093.60000 0004 0378 2028Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. de Waal
- grid.491093.60000 0004 0378 2028Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. Kikkert
- grid.491093.60000 0004 0378 2028Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. G. Fluri
- PsyQ Mental Health Care, Zaandam, The Netherlands
| | - A. T.F. Beekman
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. J.M. Dekker
- grid.491093.60000 0004 0378 2028Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D. J.F. van Schaik
- grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.420193.d0000 0004 0546 0540Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Harris MN, Baumann ML, Teasdale B, Link BG. Estimating the Relationship Between Perceived Stigma and Victimization of People With Mental Illness. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1226-NP1252. [PMID: 32517566 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520926326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, we have substantially increased our understanding of violence committed by individuals with mental illness, while comparatively less is known about the victimization experiences of this population. What has been established in the literature is that individuals with mental illness are more likely to experience victimization than the general public, and certain risk factors influence the likelihood of victimization. What remains unexplored is the possibility that a person with mental illness' perception that mental illness is stigmatized may be significantly associated with victimization experiences. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to examine whether stigma and victimization are associated, and in what direction. In other words, does perceived stigma lead to victimization? Or does victimization lead to perceived stigma? To assess these research questions, data from the Community Outcomes of Assisted Outpatient Treatment study are used, which is a longitudinal study of individuals with serious mental illness (n = 184). A variety of methods are employed to assess the association between victimization and perceived stigma including logistic and ordinary least squares regression models. Results from the logistic regression model indicate that perceived stigma is associated with an increase in the odds that a person with mental illness will experience victimization at later follow-ups. Results from the ordinary least squares regression analysis, however, show that victimization at baseline does not predict perceived stigma at later times. Implications regarding future research and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Harris
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
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Meyer SR, Stöckl H, Vorfeld C, Kamenov K, García-Moreno C. A scoping review of measurement of violence against women and disability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263020. [PMID: 35100320 PMCID: PMC8803172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing evidence indicates that prevalence of violence against women with disability is elevated compared to women without disability. We conducted a scoping review with a focus on measurement to assess the forms of measurement and study design utilized to explore the intersection of violence against women with disabilities, and to identify strengths and limitations in current approaches to measuring violence against women with disabilities. This scoping review is designed to inform current debates and discussions regarding how to generate evidence concerning violence against women with disabilities. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted systematic searches of the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, PILOTS, ERIC, Social Work Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Social Services Abstracts, ProQuest Criminal Justice, and Dissertations & Theses Global, and conducted structured searches of national statistics and surveys and grey literature available on-line. We identified 174 manuscripts or reports for inclusion. n = 113 manuscripts or reports utilized acts-specific measurement of violence. In terms of measurement of disability, we found that amongst the included manuscripts and reports, n = 75 utilized measures of functioning limitations (n = 20 of these were Washington Group questions), n = 15 utilized a single question approach and n = 67 defined participants in the research as having a disability based on a diagnosis or self-report of a health condition or impairment. DISCUSSION This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of measurement of violence against women with disabilities and measurement of violence within disability-focused research. We identified several important gaps in the evidence, including lack of sex and disability disaggregation, limited evidence concerning adaptation of data collection methods to ensure accessibility of research activities for women with disabilities, and limited evidence concerning differential relationships between types of disability and violence exposure. This scoping review provides directions for sub-analyses of the included studies and further research to address gaps in evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Meyer
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- The Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilia Vorfeld
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaloyan Kamenov
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia García-Moreno
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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de Waal MM, Blankers M, Lommerse NM, Kikkert MJ, Dekker JJM, Goudriaan AE. Economic Evaluation of the SOS Training to Reduce Victimization in Dual Diagnosis Patients. J Dual Diagn 2021; 17:333-343. [PMID: 34569438 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.1965409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Economic evaluations of interventions for dual diagnosis patients are scarce. A recent randomized controlled trial has supported the effectiveness of the Self-wise, Otherwise, Streetwise (SOS) training to reduce victimization in dual diagnosis patients. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the SOS training as an add-on to care as usual (CAU). METHODS We performed an economic evaluation from a societal perspective alongside the SOS trial. Participants were 250 dual diagnosis patients recruited at three locations from a large urban psychiatric service in the Netherlands. The main outcomes were treatment response for victimization and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Both costs and effects were measured across a 14-month follow-up. RESULTS There was no significant difference between CAU + SOS and CAU in total costs (mean difference €4,859; 95% CI [-€4,795 to €14,513]) and QALY gains (mean difference 0.0012; 95% CI [-0.05 to 0.05]). Significantly more participants in CAU + SOS achieved treatment response for victimization compared to CAU (68% vs. 54%; mean difference 0.14; 95% CI [0.02 to 0.26]). The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated an 83% likelihood that CAU + SOS resulted in a higher treatment response rate for victimization at higher costs compared to CAU. The cost-utility analysis indicated that adding SOS-training to CAU is probably not cost-effective at conventional willingness-to-pay levels for QALYs. CONCLUSIONS At a societal willingness-to-pay of €38,000 or more per extra treatment responder, adding SOS-training to usual care is probably more attractive than usual care alone with regard to cost-effectiveness. This is a considerable willingness to pay. However, the direct costs of offering the SOS training are expected to be minor. Our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the short follow-up period and absence of data on potential reductions in police and judicial costs other than prison costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen M de Waal
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Blankers
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick M Lommerse
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Kikkert
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack J M Dekker
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Gender Perspective in Dual Diagnosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081101. [PMID: 34439720 PMCID: PMC8393491 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little data are available for women diagnosed with a dual diagnosis. However, dual diagnosis in women presents increased stigma, social penalties, and barriers to access to treatment than it does for men. Indeed, it increases the probability of suffering physical or sexual abuse, violent victimization, gender-based violence, unemployment, social exclusion, social-role problems, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities. Thus, a transversal sex and gender-based perspective is required to adequately study and treat dual diagnosis. For this, sex and gender factors should be included in every scientific analysis; professionals should review their own prejudices and stereotypes and train themselves specifically from a gender perspective; administrations should design and provide specific treatment resources for women; and we could all contribute to a structural social transformation that goes beyond gender mandates and norms and reduces the risk of abuse and violence inflicted on women.
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Sabri B, Greene C, Lucas GM. A systematic review of comprehensive interventions for substance abuse: Focus on victimization. AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:46-59. [PMID: 33312052 PMCID: PMC7732018 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Violence victimization is common among men and women who use substances and is associated with co-occurring health issues such as PTSD, depression and HIV. Substance use interventions, therefore, should include integrated components that are designed to address co-occurring health issues among victimized substance-using individuals. This systematic review synthesized the evidence on efficacy of comprehensive, integrated, multicomponent interventions for victimized substance-using individuals. The efficacy of integrated multicomponent intervention strategies was assessed for the following syndemic conditions: mental health, substance misuse, violence, and HIV risk. Seventeen studies were identified. Examples of effective components were empowerment strategies for violence, mindfulness-based stress reduction for mental health, social cognitive skill building for addressing HIV risk and psychoeducation for substance misuse. Although in this review, some components were found to be effective, we identified methodological limitations of included studies which calls for more rigorous research in this area. Further, there is lack of evidence base for multicomponent interventions for victimized substance-using individuals in developing countries. Additional studies are needed to establish rigorous evidence base for multicomponent interventions for victimized substance using individuals that help them cope effectively with their trauma of violence and address their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Sabri
- School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe Street, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Claire Greene
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North
Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Lucas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E.
Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America
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Rabinovitz S, Goldman K, Rosca P, Barda J, Levine SZ. The role of substance use and adult sexual assault severity in the course of schizophrenia: An epidemiological catchment study of sexual assault victims. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:406-413. [PMID: 30654922 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma increases the risk of schizophrenia, yet the role of adult sexual assault in the course of schizophrenia is unknown. This study aims to examine the associations between substance use and sexual assault severity characteristics with the course of schizophrenia among adult sexual assault victims using an epidemiologic study design. METHODS Sexual assault data on all individuals received from 2000 to 2010 (N = 2147) at the Center for Care of Sexual Assault Victims at Wolfson Medical Center, the largest medical center for sexual assault victims in the country, were merged with the Israel National Psychiatric Case Registry, that consisted of lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations of schizophrenia (birth to 6 years post-assault). The associations between substance use and adult sexual assault severity characteristics with hospitalizations were quantified using recurrent events Cox modeling. RESULTS Schizophrenia with sexual assault survivors occurred in 117 persons. Cox modeling showed that recurrent psychiatric hospitalizations were associated with younger age, sexual assault at older age, previous diagnosis of psychosis, and drug use shortly before or during the assault. Other assault characteristics (number of assailants, means of subdual, penetration type, perpetrator violence, physical injury of the victim) and immediacy of seeking help had a null association with the course of psychiatric hospitalization. These results replicated in two sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Substance use among victims of sexual assault was associated with an exacerbated course of schizophrenia, pointing to a possibly modifiable risk factor that should be targeted in prevention, assessment, treatment formulation and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Rabinovitz
- School of Criminology and The Unit for Excellence in Research & Study of Addiction (ERSA), The Center for Rehabilitation Research, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Keren Goldman
- School of Criminology and The Unit for Excellence in Research & Study of Addiction (ERSA), The Center for Rehabilitation Research, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department for the Treatment of Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paula Rosca
- Department for the Treatment of Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel; The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julia Barda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center for Care of Sexual Assault Victims, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Stephen Z Levine
- Department of Community Mental Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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de Waal MM, Dekker JJM, Kikkert MJ, Christ C, Chmielewska J, Staats MWM, van den Brink W, Goudriaan AE. Self-wise, Other-wise, Streetwise (SOS) training, an intervention to prevent victimization in dual-diagnosis patients: results from a randomized clinical trial. Addiction 2019; 114:730-740. [PMID: 30461111 PMCID: PMC6590185 DOI: 10.1111/add.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with co-occurring substance use and other mental disorders are vulnerable to crime victimization, yet no evidence-based preventive interventions exist. Our aim was to test the efficacy of a new intervention, Self-wise, Other-wise, Streetwise training (SOS training), to prevent victimization in these dual-diagnosis patients as an add-on to care as usual. DESIGN Multi-site single-blind parallel randomized controlled trial. SETTING Three sites within one psychiatric service in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Adult in-patients and out-patients with dual diagnosis (n = 250), who were predominantly male (70.4%), aged on average 42.1 years, and diagnosed with 3.7 DSM-IV disorders. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR Care as usual, consisting of pharmacotherapy combined with individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy and/or supportive counselling (n = 125) was compared with care as usual plus SOS training: a 6-week, 12-session manualized group training focused on enhancing emotion regulation skills, conflict resolution skills and street skills (n = 125). MEASUREMENTS Victimization was assessed with the Safety Monitor, the Dutch equivalent of the International Crime Victims Survey, in a face-to-face assessment. The primary outcome measure was treatment response (yes/no), with 'yes' defined as reporting at least a 50% reduction in the number of past-year victimization incidents at the 14-month follow-up compared with baseline. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. FINDINGS The proportion of participants achieving treatment response for total victimization was 54.0% in the control group and 67.6% in the experimental group, a significant difference [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-3.11, P = 0.042]. Treatment response for violent victimization was achieved by 68.7% of the control group and 79.3% of the experimental group (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.91-3.34, P = 0.092). With a Bayes factor of 2.26, this result was inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Among dual-diagnosis patients, care as usual plus Self-wise, Other-wise, Streetwise training was more effective in preventing victimization than care as usual alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen M. de Waal
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of ResearchArkin Mental Health CareAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jack J. M. Dekker
- Department of ResearchArkin Mental Health CareAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Clinical PsychologyVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien Christ
- Department of ResearchArkin Mental Health CareAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryGGZ inGeest and VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jaga Chmielewska
- Arkin Mental Health CareDivision MentrumAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Anna E. Goudriaan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of ResearchArkin Mental Health CareAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Eggink E, de Waal MM, Goudriaan AE. Criminal offending and associated factors in dual diagnosis patients. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:355-362. [PMID: 30682557 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dual diagnosis patients perpetrate crime more often than healthy individuals. Crime perpetration has major mental health consequences for the victim. Knowledge of factors related to perpetration is needed for the development of prevention programs. However, in dual diagnosis patients, very little is known about factors explaining criminal behavior. The current study investigated cross-sectional associations between demographic and clinical factors and perpetration of three crime types (violence, threat, and property crime) in 243 treatment-seeking dual diagnosis patients. In our sample, perpetration of violence was independently associated with younger age, severity of alcohol use problems, lifetime trauma exposure, and higher manic symptom scores. Expression of threat was independently associated with severity of alcohol use problems and higher manic symptom scores. Perpetration of property crime was independently associated with severity of alcohol and drug use problems. Remarkably, gender was not associated with any type of perpetration. These findings indicate that criminal offending is a significant problem among dual diagnosis patients and are a first step towards understanding the complex causal networks that lead to criminal perpetration. Future longitudinal research should investigate additional risk factors and establish causality to support the development of treatment programs to prevent criminal offending by dual diagnosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmé Eggink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen M de Waal
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Mental disorders and the risk of adult violent and psychological victimisation: a prospective, population-based study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e13. [PMID: 30651151 PMCID: PMC8061251 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796018000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Psychiatric patients are at increased risk to become victim of violence. It remains unknown whether subjects of the general population with mental disorders are at risk of victimisation as well. In addition, it remains unclear whether the risk of victimisation differs across specific disorders. This study aimed to determine whether a broad range of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders at baseline predict adult violent (physical and/or sexual) and psychological victimisation at 3-year follow-up, also after adjustment for childhood trauma. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine whether specific types of childhood trauma predict violent and psychological victimisation at follow-up, after adjustment for mental disorder. Finally, this study aimed to examine whether the co-occurrence of childhood trauma and any baseline mental disorder leads to an incrementally increased risk of future victimisation. METHODS Data were derived from the first two waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2): a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study among a nationally representative adult population. Mental disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. Longitudinal associations between 12 mental disorders at baseline and violent and psychological victimisation at 3-year follow-up (n = 5303) were studied using logistic regression analyses, with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and childhood trauma. Furthermore, the moderating effect of childhood trauma on these associations was examined. RESULTS Associations with victimisation varied considerably across specific mental disorders. Only alcohol dependence predicted both violent and psychological victimisation after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and childhood trauma. Depression, panic disorder, social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence predicted subsequent psychological victimisation in the fully adjusted models. All types of childhood trauma independently predicted violent and psychological victimisation after adjustment for any mental disorder. The presence of any childhood trauma moderated the association between any anxiety disorder and psychological victimisation, whereas no interaction between mental disorder and childhood trauma on violent victimisation existed. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that members of the general population with mental disorders are at increased risk of future victimisation. However, the associations with violent and psychological victimisation vary considerably across specific disorders. Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of violent and psychological victimisation in individuals with these mental disorders - especially those with alcohol dependence - and individuals with a history of childhood trauma. Violence prevention programmes should be developed for people at risk. These programmes should not only address violent victimisation, but also psychological victimisation.
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Prevalence and predictors of violent victimization in remitted patients with recurrent depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:405-411. [PMID: 29909304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients are at increased risk to fall victim to a violent crime compared to the general population. It remains unknown whether their increased risk persists after remission. This study compared victimization rates of remitted patients with both a random general population sample and a group of currently depressed patients. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify predictors of future violent victimization. METHODS In this longitudinal study conducted in the Netherlands, 12-month prevalence rates of sexual assaults, physical assaults, and threats were assessed with the Safety Monitor in 140 currently remitted patients with recurrent depression, and compared to those of a weighted general population sample (N = 9.175) and a weighted sample of currently depressed outpatients (N = 102) using Chi-square tests. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify baseline predictors of future victimization. RESULTS The prevalence of violent victimization did not differ between remitted patients and the general population (12.1 vs. 11.7%). Remitted patients were significantly less likely to have been victimized over the past 12 months than currently depressed patients (12.1 vs. 35.5%). In remitted patients, living alone and low sense of mastery at baseline predicted future violent victimization. However, when combined in a multiple model, only living alone was independently associated with violent victimization (χ2 = 16.725, df = 2, p < .001, R2 = 0.221). LIMITATIONS Our comparison of victimization rates across samples was cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS Since the increased risk of victimization appears to be specific for the acute depressive state, preventive interventions should target victimization in currently depressed patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): 2599.
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