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Krzyżewska A, Kurakula K. Sex Dimorphism in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With Autoimmune Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:2169-2190. [PMID: 39145392 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare, incurable, and progressive disease. Although there is increasing evidence that immune disorders, particularly those associated with connective tissue diseases, are a strong predisposing factor in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), there is currently a lack of knowledge about the detailed molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. Exploring this topic is crucial because patients with an immune disorder combined with PAH have a worse prognosis and higher mortality compared with patients with other PAH subtypes. Moreover, data recorded worldwide show that the prevalence of PAH in women is 2× to even 4× higher than in men, and the ratio of PAH associated with autoimmune diseases is even higher (9:1). Sexual dimorphism in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease was explained for many years by the action of female sex hormones. However, there are increasing reports of interactions between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, and differences in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease may be controlled not only by sex hormones but also by sex chromosome pathways that are not dependent on the gonads. This review discusses the role of estrogen and genetic factors including the role of genes located on the X chromosome, as well as the potential protective role of the Y chromosome in sexual dimorphism, which is prominent in the occurrence of PAH associated with autoimmune diseases. Moreover, an overview of animal models that could potentially play a role in further investigating the aforementioned link was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krzyżewska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland (A.K.)
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Free University Medical Center, the Netherlands (K.K.)
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Ishikawa M, Murakami H, Higashi H, Inoue T, Fujisaki N, Kohama K. Sex Differences of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Neutrophils. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024; 25:505-512. [PMID: 38957997 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2024.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sex differences exist in sepsis, but the commitment of neutrophils to these differences remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) function to remove pathogens, yet excessive NETs release can contribute to organ damage. This study explores effects of the gender hormones on endotoxin-induced NETs using neutrophils from both male and female sources. Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers. Isolated neutrophils were seeded in collagen-coated cell culture plates, and NETs were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. After 15 minutes of LPS treatment, 17β-estradiol (0.03-272.4 ng/mL), testosterone enanthate (0.01-10 ng/mL), dimethyl sulfoxide, or ethanol (vehicle control) was added to the plates. These were incubated for three hours at 37°C with 5% CO2. Neutrophil extracellular traps formation was assessed using immunofluorescence staining. Results: Lipopolysaccharide-induced NETs formation was significantly greater in females than in males. In male-derived neutrophils, 17β-estradiol at above the blood concentrations significantly suppressed LPS-induced NETs. No effect was seen while using testosterone enanthate to NETs at any concentration. In female-derived neutrophils, 17β-estradiol, which was near to the highest concentration of non-pregnant women's blood, tended to increase NETs. Testosterone enanthate, which was near to female blood concentration, significantly promoted NETs. Conclusions: Sex differences existed in LPS-induced NETs of human neutrophil. In males, high concentrations of 17β-estradiol administration may have a suppressive effect on excessive NETs during infection. In females, endogenous gender hormones may promote NETs during infection. Sex differences in neutrophils may need to be considered in organ damage owing to NETs excess such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Ishikawa
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiromoto Murakami
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hideki Higashi
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taketo Inoue
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Noritomo Fujisaki
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kohama
- Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Chen MJ, Marroum P, Chiu YL, Neenan M, Mostafa NM, Shebley M. Bioequivalence of Elagolix/Estradiol/Norethindrone Acetate Fixed-Dose Combination Product: Phase 1 Results in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:601-610. [PMID: 38593267 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies can enhance patient convenience and adherence to prescribed treatment regimens. Elagolix is a novel oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist approved for management of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis and heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. Hormonal add-back therapy can attenuate the reversible hypoestrogenic effects of elagolix. An FDC formulation containing elagolix/estradiol (E2)/norethindrone acetate (NETA) 300/1/0.5 mg as the morning dose and an elagolix 300 mg capsule as the evening dose, were evaluated in 2 bioequivalence studies including the effects of food. Study 1 in premenopausal women assessed the bioavailability of the elagolix 300-mg capsule relative to the commercially available elagolix 300-mg tablet. Study 2 in postmenopausal women, elagolix/E2/NETA (300 mg/1 mg/0.5 mg) FDC capsule was assessed relative to the elagolix 300-mg tablet coadministered with E2/NETA 1-mg/0.5-mg tablet, the regimen that was studied in Phase 3 uterine fibroid studies. Under fasting conditions, the test elagolix 300-mg capsule was bioequivalent to the reference elagolix 300-mg tablet. Under fasting conditions, the elagolix/E2/NETA FDC capsule was bioequivalent to the coadministered elagolix 300-mg tablet and E2/NETA 1/0.5-mg tablet. Following administration of elagolix/E2/NETA FDC capsule after a high-fat breakfast, elagolix mean maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were 38% and 28% lower, relative to fasting conditions. NETA mean Cmax was 51% lower and AUC from time 0 to infinity was 20% higher, while baseline-adjusted total estrone mean Cmax and AUC were 46% and 14% lower, respectively. No safety concerns were identified. These results enabled bridging the elagolix/E2/NETA FDC capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Jen Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melina Neenan
- Quantitative Translational ADME Sciences, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nael M Mostafa
- Clinical Pharmacology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
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Kulle AE, Caliebe A, Lamprecht T, Reinehr T, Simic-Schleicher G, Schulz E, Kleber M, Rothermel J, Heger S, Hiort O, Holterhus PM. New liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry reference data for estradiol show mini-puberty in both sexes and typical pre-pubertal and pubertal patterns. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:401-408. [PMID: 38652605 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reliable estradiol (E2) reference intervals (RIs) are crucial in pediatric endocrinology. OBJECTIVES This study aims to develop a sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for E2 in serum, to establish graphically represented RI percentiles and annual RIs for both sexes, and to perform a systematic literature comparison. METHODS First, a UPLC-MS/MS method for E2 was developed. Second, graphically represented RI percentiles and annual RIs covering 0-18 years were computed (cohort of healthy children [1181 girls and 543 boys]). Subsequently, RIs were compared with published data by systematic searches. RESULTS Lower limit of quantification was 11 pmol/L, indicating high sensitivity. Estradiol first peaked during mini-puberty in both sexes (girls up to 192 pmol/L; boys up to 225 pmol/L). As could be expected, girls showed higher pubertal E2 (up to 638 pmol/L). However, boys' RIs (up to 259 pmol/L) overlapped considerably. We found 4 studies in the literature that also used LC-MS/MS to determine E2 and published RIs for the complete pediatric age range. Reference intervals varied considerably. Pre-pubertal and pubertal phases were present in all studies. Higher E2 during the time of mini-puberty in both sexes was documented in 3 studies including ours. CONCLUSIONS Variability of RIs for E2 between studies illustrates the importance of laboratory-specific RIs despite using a LC-MS/MS reference method. In boys, the striking E2 peak during mini-puberty as well as high pubertal E2 without phenotypic estrogenization in regular male puberty indicates that the role of E2 in children and, especially in boys, requires better functional understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Kulle
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tabea Lamprecht
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, D-45711 Datteln, Germany
| | | | - Esther Schulz
- Pediatric Endocrinology, AKK Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus GmbH, D-22763 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kleber
- Department for Children's Endocrinology and Diabetology, MVZ Katholisches Klinikum gGmbH, Children's Hospital, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliane Rothermel
- Department for Children's Endocrinology and Diabetology, MVZ Katholisches Klinikum gGmbH, Children's Hospital, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabine Heger
- Children's Hospital Auf der Bult, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Olaf Hiort
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University-Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck/University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Children and Adolescent Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel/Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Bukato K, Kostrzewa T, Gammazza AM, Gorska-Ponikowska M, Sawicki S. Endogenous estrogen metabolites as oxidative stress mediators and endometrial cancer biomarkers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:205. [PMID: 38566107 PMCID: PMC10985914 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy found in developed countries. Because therapy can be curative at first, early detection and diagnosis are crucial for successful treatment. Early diagnosis allows patients to avoid radical therapies and offers conservative management options. There are currently no proven biomarkers that predict the risk of disease occurrence, enable early identification or support prognostic evaluation. Consequently, there is increasing interest in discovering sensitive and specific biomarkers for the detection of endometrial cancer using noninvasive approaches. CONTENT Hormonal imbalance caused by unopposed estrogen affects the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and carcinogenesis. In addition, due to their ability to cause oxidative stress, estradiol metabolites have both carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties. Catechol estrogens are converted to reactive quinones, resulting in oxidative DNA damage that can initiate the carcinogenic process. The molecular anticancer mechanisms are still not fully understood, but it has been established that some estradiol metabolites generate reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, resulting in nitro-oxidative stress that causes cancer cell cycle arrest or cell death. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that reflect this hormonal imbalance and the presence of endometrial cancer in minimally invasive or noninvasive samples such as blood or urine could significantly improve early detection and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bukato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, Gdańsk, 80-214, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostrzewa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland.
- IEMEST Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, 90127, Italy.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sambor Sawicki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, Gdańsk, 80-214, Poland.
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Karvaly G, Kovács K, Gyarmatig M, Gerszi D, Nagy S, Jalal DA, Tóth Z, Vasarhelyi B, Gyarmati B. Reference data on estrogen metabolome in healthy pregnancy. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 74:101953. [PMID: 38432490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen hormones and their metabolites are implicated in the maintenance of healthy pregnancy and adequate fetal development. Abnormal levels were related to increased risk of pregnancy complications, particularly preeclampsia. Our aims were (1) to develop a methodological platform for the comprehensive assessment of estrogen metabolome in pregnancy; (2) to collect healthy reference data for relevant elements of estrogen metabolome in each trimester; (3) to assess unconjugated fractions of the estrogen metabolome, (4) to assess the dominant metabolic pathways of estrogen compounds. METHODS We enrolled healthy pregnant mothers between gestational week 5-15 (on the confirmation of pregnancy; 79 samples), gestational weeks 19-27 (70 samples), and gestational week 34-39 (54 samples). A method employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to assess estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, estriol levels, and their metabolites as conjugated and unconjugated forms. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the level of compounds in each trimester. RESULTS Estrone, 17-beta-estradiol and estriol levels are dramatically increasing with the advancement of pregnancy. Measured levels were in a very wide range. 17-beta-estradiol is neither glucuronated nor sulphated. To the contrary, estriol and estrone are significantly conjugated; unconjugated fraction is <15% of total hormone levels in any trimester. Regarding metabolism, 4-methoxy-estradiol and 17-epiestriol were not detected. CONCLUSION We concluded that (1) the levels of estrogen compounds and metabolites increase with advancing gestational age; (2) the wide ranges of levels challenge the establishment of a healthy reference range for clinical purposes; (3) 17-beta-estradiol is not conjugated significantly; (4) 4-methylation and 17-epimerization pathways of estrogens are negligible with our LC-MS/MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gellért Karvaly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Hungary.
| | - Krisztián Kovács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Hungary.
| | - Marcell Gyarmatig
- Semmelweis University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Gerszi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1082, Budapest, Üllői út 78/A, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Nagy
- Széchenyi István, University Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, 9026, Győr, Egyetem Tér 1, Hungary.
| | - Dlovan Ali Jalal
- Semmelweis University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Uzsoki Utcai Hospital, Department of Urology, 1145, Budapest, Uzsoki Utca 29-41, Hungary.
| | - Barna Vasarhelyi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 1089, Budapest, Nagyvárad Tér 4, Hungary.
| | - Béla Gyarmati
- Uzsoki Utcai Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1145, Budapest, Uzsoki Utca 29-41, Hungary.
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Cao J, Chen XY. Stable and reproducible MIP-ECL sensors for ultra-sensitive and accurate quantitative detection of Estrone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1329129. [PMID: 38405376 PMCID: PMC10893587 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1329129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrone (E1), as an endogenous estrogen, has a variety of physiological functions in human body and is of great significance to human health. On the other hand, it is a widely distributed and highly disturbing environmental endocrine disruptor in water. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive method for the on-site determination of E1, which is not only for clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also for the investigation and monitoring of endogenous estrogen pollution in environmental water. In this study, Ru(bpy)3 2+/MWCNTs/Nafion/gold electrodes were prepared by surface electrostatic adsorption and ion exchange. A molecularly imprinted membrane (MIP) with the capability to recognize E1 molecules was prepared by sol-gel method, and the electrodes were modified with MIP to form an electrochemical luminescence sensor (MIP-ECL). This method simultaneously possesses ECL's advantage of high sensitivity and MIP's advantage of high selectivity. Moreover, the addition of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) improved the functionalization of the gold electrode surface and increased the binding sites of MIP. Meanwhile, the good conductivity of MWCNTs promoted electron transfer and further improved the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensor showed a wide linear interval in which the E1 concentrations can range from 0.1 μg/L to 200 μg/L, along with a high linear correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.999). The linear regression equation of the sensor was Y = 243.64x-79.989, and the detection limit (LOD) was 0.0047 μg/L. To validate our sensor, actual samples were also measured by the reference method (LC-MS/MS), and it was found that the relative deviation of quantitative results of the two different methods was less than 4.1%. This indicates that the quantitative results obtained by this sensor are accurate and can be used for rapid in situ determination of E1 in clinical samples and environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou University Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian ShiMing Judicial Expertise Center, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China
- Regional Counter-Terrorism Research Centre, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
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Kaneko H, Matsuoka H, Ishige T, Kobayashi H, Higashi T. Derivatization procedure of estradiol with a combination of MPDNP-F and 4-dimethylaminopyridine to generate product ion containing estradiol-skeleton for reliable determination of its serum/plasma concentrations by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:597-608. [PMID: 38082136 PMCID: PMC10761386 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The quantification of serum/plasma estradiol (E2) is useful for the diagnosis, pathological analysis, and monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of estrogen-dependent diseases. In this study, an improved derivatization method using 1-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-4,4-dimethylpiperazinium iodide (MPDNP-F) was developed and combined with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for the sensitive and specific quantification of the serum/plasma E2. In the new method, the reaction time was reduced to 15 min from 90 min (two-step reaction in the previous method) by the direct reaction of MPDNP-F with E2 at 60°C in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). DMAP served as the organic catalyst and had a less negative effect on the LC/ESI-MS/MS instrument compared to the non-volatile inorganic salt (NaHCO3), which was used in the previous method. The collision-induced dissociation of the molecular cation ([M]+) of the resulting derivative provided a product ion containing the E2-skeleton ([M-NO2-H]+), which significantly enhanced the assay sensitivity and specificity; compared to the dansyl chloride derivatization, which is the currently most-used derivatization procedure for the LC/ESI-MS/MS assays of E2, the MPDNP-F derivatization had significantly fewer interfering peaks and a clear and flat baseline in the serum sample analysis. The MPDNP-F derivatization-LC/ESI-MS/MS method enabled the precise and accurate quantification of E2 even at a 5.0 pg/mL concentration (lower limit of quantification) with a small sample volume (100 μL of serum/plasma) and had a tolerance for the matrix effect. This method was also proven to serve as a more sensitive and specific alternative to the clinically used chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsuoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishige
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, 2641, Chiba, Japan.
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Agrawal S, Bisen AC, Sanap SN, Biswas A, Choudhury AD, Verma SK, Bhatta RS. LC-MS/MS based quantification of steroidal biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome induced rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115484. [PMID: 37453143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that causes reproductive hormones imbalance, missed periods, infertility and distributed steroidogenesis. Reportedly, during PCOS, the endogenous levels of P4 (Progesterone), 17OHP4 (17-α hydroxy progesterone), and T4 (Testosterone) were significantly altered. Thus, quantification of steroid biomarkers involved in the steroidogenesis pathway of PCOS, such as P4, 17OHP4, and T4, holds significant importance. One important drawback of current methods is steroid metabolome traceability. Without adequate traceability, the findings of these techniques will be less reliable for identifying P4, 17OHP4, and T4. These methods also need a high sample size, especially for the most important biomarker that initiates steroidogenesis. To address these challenges, we require a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for steroid biomarker analysis. Herein the present work, using validated LC-MS/MS, PCOS biomarkers were measured and compared between normal control rats and PCOS-induced rats before and after analyte administration. The experiment utilized an isocratic separation method employing an analytical C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (ACN) and aqueous 0.1% formic acid (FA) in a ratio of 90:10 (v/v). The plasma samples were processed with protein precipitation (PPT) followed by the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL in plasma. According to USFDA criteria, the method's systematic validation took into account linearity (r2 > 0.99), accuracy and precision of intra- and inter-batch measurements, stability, biomarker recovery (60-85%) and matrix effect (<± 15%), all of which were determined to be within range ( ± 15%). The pharmacokinetic data showed that, as compared to normal rats, PCOS-induced animals had significantly higher Cmax values for 17OHP4 and T4 (∼2 fold), while lower Cmax values for P4 (∼2 fold). The present work is novel and provides scientific information to explore systematic processes involved in steroidogenesis and boost clinical applicability for PCOS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Lin H, Liu D, Deng L, Yan J, Han L, Zhan M, Zhang P, Wang J, He M, Zhang Q, Huang X. Development of matrix-based reference materials for 17 beta-estradiol by the recommended reference method of ID-LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5637-5644. [PMID: 37490154 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated two-level, namely 2017011 and 2017012, serum-based reference materials (RMs) for 17 beta-estradiol (17 β-E2) by the reference method of isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) from the remaining serum samples after routine clinical tests, to help improve clinical routine testing and provide the traceability of results. This paper describes the development process of these RMs. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) certified reference material (CRM) 6004-a was used as the primary RM for the measurement of 17 β-E2. These serum-based RMs showed satisfactory homogeneity and stability. They also assessed the commutability between the reference method and the three routine clinical immunoassay systems. Besides, a collaborative study was carried out in five reference laboratories, all of which had been accredited by the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) in accordance with ISO/WD 15725-1. Statistical analysis of raw results and uncertainty assessment obtained certified values: 2017011 was 445.2 ± 39.0 pmol/L, and 2017012 was 761.9 ± 35.5 pmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiao Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Wang Q, Xu PJ, Mesaros C. Ultrasensitive quantification of estrogens in serum and plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods Enzymol 2023; 689:433-452. [PMID: 37802582 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope dilution (SID) methodology coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is rapidly becoming the gold standard for measuring estrogens in serum and plasma due to improved specificity, high accuracy, and the ability to conduct a more comprehensive analysis. A general consideration of the problems associated with measuring estrogens and two detailed derivatization methods are described in this chapter. These methods quantify estrogens and their metabolites in serum and plasma samples using this state-of-art technology, which is applicable to the routine clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peining Jimmy Xu
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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12
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Vitku J, Horackova L, Kolatorova L, Duskova M, Skodova T, Simkova M. Derivatized versus non-derivatized LC-MS/MS techniques for the analysis of estrogens and estrogen-like endocrine disruptors in human plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115083. [PMID: 37269613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, parabens, alkylphenols and triclosan are anthropogenic substances with a phenolic group that have been introduced to the environment in recent decades. As they possess hormone-like effects, they have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs), and can interfere with steroid pathways in organisms. To evaluate the potential impact of EDs on steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, sensitive and robust methods enabling the concurrent measurement of EDs and steroids in plasma are needed. Of crucial importance is the analysis of unconjugated EDs, which possess biological activity. The aim of the study was to develop and validate LC-MS/MS methods with and without a derivatization step for the analysis of unconjugated steroids (estrone-E1, estradiol-E2, estriol-E3, aldosterone-ALDO) and different groups of EDs (bisphenols, parabens, nonylphenol-NP and triclosan-TCS), and compare these methods on a set of 24 human plasma samples using Passing-Bablok regression analysis. Both methods were validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The method with dansyl chloride derivatization allowed 17 compounds to be measured: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenols (bisphenol A-BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ, BPP), parabens (methylparaben-MP, ethylparaben-EP, propylparaben-PP, butylparaben-BP, benzylparaben-BenzylP), TCS and NP, with lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) between 4 and 125 pg/mL. The method without derivatization enabled 15 compounds to be analyzed: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), ALDO, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ), parabens (MP, EP, PP, BP, BenzylP) with LLOQs between 2 and 63 pg/mL, and NP and BPP in semiquantitative mode. Adding 6 mM ammonium fluoride post column into mobile phases in the method without derivatization achieved similar or even better LLOQs than the method with the derivatization step. The uniqueness of the methods lies in the simultaneous determination of different classes of unconjugated (bioactive) fraction of EDs together with selected steroids (estrogens + ALDO in the method without derivatization), which provides a useful tool for evaluating the relationships between EDs and steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - L Horackova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kolatorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Duskova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Skodova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Simkova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Jang SH, Paek SH, Kim JK, Seong JK, Lim W. A New Culture Model for Enhancing Estrogen Responsiveness in HR+ Breast Cancer Cells through Medium Replacement: Presumed Involvement of Autocrine Factors in Estrogen Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119474. [PMID: 37298425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) cells depend on estrogen and its receptor, ER. Due to this dependence, endocrine therapy (ET) such as aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment is now possible. However, ET resistance (ET-R) occurs frequently and is a priority in HR+ BC research. The effects of estrogen have typically been determined under a special culture condition, i.e., phenol red-free media supplemented with dextran-coated charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (CS-FBS). However, CS-FBS has some limitations, such as not being fully defined or ordinary. Therefore, we attempted to find new experimental conditions and related mechanisms to improve cellular estrogen responsiveness based on the standard culture medium supplemented with normal FBS and phenol red. The hypothesis of pleiotropic estrogen effects led to the discovery that T47D cells respond well to estrogen under low cell density and medium replacement. These conditions made ET less effective there. The fact that several BC cell culture supernatants reversed these findings implies that housekeeping autocrine factors regulate estrogen and ET responsiveness. Results reproduced in T47D subclone and MCF-7 cells highlight that these phenomena are general among HR+ BC cells. Our findings offer not only new insights into ET-R but also a new experimental model for future ET-R studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hoon Jang
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Paek
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Lim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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14
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Reschechtko S, Nguyen TN, Tsang M, Giltvedt K, Kern M, Hooshmand S. Postural sway is not affected by estrogen fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15693. [PMID: 37217442 PMCID: PMC10202824 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
When people stand still, they exhibit a phenomenon called postural sway, or spontaneous movement of the body's center of pressure, which is related to balance control. In general females show less sway than males, but this difference only begins to appear around puberty, pointing to different levels of sex hormones as one potential mechanism for sway sex differences. In this study, we followed cohorts of young females using oral contraceptives (n = 32) and not using oral contraceptives (n = 19), to investigate associations between estrogen availability and postural sway. All participants visited the lab four times over the putative 28-day menstrual cycle. At each visit, we performed blood draws to measure plasma estrogen (estradiol) levels, and tests of postural sway using a force plate. During late follicular and mid-luteal phase, estradiol levels were lower in participants using oral contraceptives (mean differences [95% CI], respectively: -231.33; [-800.44, 337.87]; -613.26; [-1333.60, 107.07] pmol/L; main effect p < 0.001), reflecting expected consequences of oral contraceptive use. Despite these differences, postural sway was not significantly different between participants who were using oral contraceptives and participants who were not (mean difference: 2.09 cm; 95% CI = [-1.05, 5.22]; p = 0.132). Overall, we found no significant effects of the estimated menstrual cycle phase-or absolute levels of estradiol-on postural sway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Reschechtko
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thuy Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle Tsang
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristine Giltvedt
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional SciencesSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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15
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Won EJ, Yi A, Ko YJ, Kim S, Kang SH, Park G, Jang SJ. Establishment of Korean Pediatric Reference Intervals for Estradiol using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2023; 113:52-58. [PMID: 36627011 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) is a reliable and accurate method for measuring steroid hormone levels. There is an increasing need for sensitive and precise methods to measure estradiol in pediatric patients. Here, we established reference intervals for estradiol in healthy children using a UHPLC-MS/MS-based method for the first time in South Korea. METHODS Serum estradiol was measured using a Sciex Triple QuadTM 6500 + UHPLC-MS/MS (Sciex, Framingham, MA, USA). Reference intervals for estradiol were established according to the CLSI document EP28-A3c:2008. The reference intervals were validated using serum samples from 634 pediatric patients, including neonates, children, and adolescents. Among them, 389 specimens were used in analysis of the specimen acceptance time. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc (MedCalc, Ostend, Belgium) and Analyse-it (Analyse-it Software Ltd., Leeds, United Kingdom) software. RESULTS Reference intervals for boys (n = 297) were <16.6, <7.3, <19.0, <30.5, 7.6-96.5, and 10.6-134.4 pmol/L among those aged <1, 1-5, 6-9, 10-11, 12-14, and 15-17 years, respectively. Reference intervals for girls (n = 337) were <114.7, <24.2, <34.8, 8.0-177.0, 10.4-480.5, and 9.1-486.7 pmol/L among those aged <1, 1-5, 6-9, 10-11, 12-14, and 15-17 years, respectively. Overall, there was no effect of specimen acceptance time on estradiol measurements in boys or girls, except for that in the group aged 10-11 years. CONCLUSIONS The reference intervals for healthy children were validated using a UHPLC-MS/MS-based method. The highly analytical sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method may be useful for estradiol determination in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ahram Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories (GC Labs), Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Serim Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Green Cross Laboratories (GC Labs), Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Geon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sook-Jin Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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16
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Sait STL, Survilienė V, Jüssi M, Gonzalez SV, Ciesielski TM, Jenssen BM, Asimakopoulos AG. Determination of steroid hormones in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) blood plasma using convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023; 254:124109. [PMID: 36535212 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid solid phase extraction (HybridSPE) protocol tailored to ultra-performance convergence chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPC2-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 19 steroid hormones in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) blood plasma. In this study, the protocol demonstrated acceptable absolute recoveries ranging from 33 to 90%. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a gradient elution program with a total run time of 5 min. For most target analytes, the method repeatability ranged from 1.9 to 24% and the method limits of quantification (mLOQs) ranged from 0.03 to 1.67 ng/mL. A total of 9 plasma samples were analysed to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method, and 13 steroid hormones were quantified in grey seal pup plasma. The most prevalent steroids: cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were detected at concentrations in the range of 12.6-40.1, 7.10-24.2, 0.74-10.7, 1.06-5.72, 0.38-4.38 and <mLOQ - 1.01 ng/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine steroid hormones in the plasma of pinnipeds using convergence chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Thora Lea Sait
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vaida Survilienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 7, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mart Jüssi
- Pro Mare MTÜ, Saula, Kose, Harjumaa, 75101, Estonia
| | - Susana V Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Song D, Yuan S, Zhang C, Luan L, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Rapid Detection of Estrogens in Cosmetics by Chemical Derivatization and Paper-Spray Ionization Mass-Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031130. [PMID: 36770794 PMCID: PMC9920920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens in personal care products are harmful to customers. Conventional methods such as HPLC and LC-MS require tedious sample pretreatment and long analytical time. Paper-spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) is a powerful tool for the determination of compounds with little time and minimal pretreatment procedures. Since most estrogens show poor responses in PSI-MS, we developed a chemical derivatization and PSI-MS method to determinate three estrogens: estradiol, estriol and ethinyloestradiol with estradiol valerate as the internal standard (I.S.). After derivatization with 2-fluoro-1-methyl-pyridinium-p-toluene-sulfonate, the three estrogens could be quantified in seconds. This method showed good linearity in the range of 0.1~30 μg·mL-1, with R2 > 0.999. Their recovery results were all between 85%~115%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.04 μg·mL-1, 0.02 μg·mL-1 and 0.02 μg·mL-1 for estradiol, estriol and ethinyloestradiol respectively, which improved around 200, 2000, and 900 times compared to non-derivative PSI-MS. The method could quantitatively determine estrogens in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Song
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Song Yuan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Caiyu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Lin Luan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingsheng Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
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18
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Liao HY, Xiao X, Peng R, Le J, Wang HB, Wang ST. Rapid Derivatization of Phenolic and Oxime Hydroxyl with Isonicotinoyl Chloride under Aqueous Conditions and Its Application in LC-MS/MS Profiling Multiclass Steroids. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17980-17987. [PMID: 36521069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of steroids possesses a crucial clinical value in early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various endocrine diseases. However, it is still challenging to realize feasible analysis of estrogens, androgens, progestogens, and corticoids within one single workflow. In this study, two derivatization reactions were newly designed for improvement: (1) acylation of phenolic hydroxyl on estrogens with isonicotinoyl chloride (INC) under the catalysis of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and (2) post-modification of oxime hydroxyl on hydroxylamine-pretreated ketosteroids with INC. Both reactions could conduct instantaneously at room temperature under aqueous conditions. Moreover, the resulting phenolic-INC and oxime-INC esters exhibited favorable MS responses. Through integrating these derivatization strategies with cold-induced phase separation technology, a feasible LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 15 multiclass steroids with proper sample consumption (50 μL serum), satisfying sensitivity (lower limit of quantitation at 0.01-5.00 ng/mL) and high throughput (40 min for sample-preparation). The practical applicability was tested by detecting 30 real samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women. The obtained results showed a good agreement with a previous validated methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yang Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juan Le
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shao-Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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19
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Niu C, Zhang C, Liu J. Capture-SELEX of DNA Aptamers for Estradiol Specifically and Estrogenic Compounds Collectively. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17702-17711. [PMID: 36441874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) are serious environmental contaminants due to their potent biological activities. At least six selections were previously reported to obtain DNA aptamers for E2, highlighting its environmental importance. A careful analysis revealed that the previous aptamers either are too long or do not bind optimally. Herein, a series of new aptamers were obtained from the capture-SELEX method with dissociation constants down to 30 nM as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Two aptamers were converted to structure-switching fluorescent biosensors, which achieved a limit of detection down to 3.3 and 9.1 nM E2, respectively. One aptamer showed similar binding affinities to all the three estrogens, while the other aptamer is more selective for E2. Both aptamers required Mg2+ for binding. The proposed sensors were successfully applied in the determination of E2 in wastewater. Moreover, comparisons were made with previous aptamers based on primary sequence alignment and secondary structures. Among previously reported truncated aptamers, ITC showed binding only in one of them. The newly selected aptamers have the combined advantages of small size and high affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Water Institute, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Water Institute, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Waifalkar PP, Noh D, Derashri P, Barage S, Oh E. Role of Estradiol Hormone in Human Life and Electrochemical Aptasensing of 17β-Estradiol: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1117. [PMID: 36551086 PMCID: PMC9776368 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol is known as one of the most potent estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may cause various health implications on human growth, metabolism regulation, the reproduction system, and possibly cancers. The detection of these EDCs in our surroundings, such as in foods and beverages, is important to prevent such harmful effects on humans. Aptamers are a promising class of bio-receptors for estradiol detection due to their chemical stability and high affinity. With the development of aptamer technology, electrochemical aptasensing became an important tool for estradiol detection. This review provides detailed information on various technological interventions in electrochemical estradiol detection in solutions and categorized the aptasensing mechanisms, aptamer immobilization strategies, and electrode materials. Moreover, we also discussed the role of estradiol in human physiology and signaling mechanisms. The level of estradiol in circulation is associated with normal and diseased conditions. The aptamer-based electrochemical sensing techniques are powerful and sensitive for estradiol detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Waifalkar
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegwon Noh
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Poorva Derashri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Panvel 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Barage
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Panvel 410206, Maharashtra, India
- Centre for Computational Biology and Translational Research, Amity University, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Panvel 410206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eunsoon Oh
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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21
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De Vincentis S, Decaroli MC, Fanelli F, Diazzi C, Mezzullo M, Tartaro G, Tagliavini S, De Santis MC, Roli L, Milic J, Trenti T, Pagotto U, Guaraldi G, Rochira V. Primary, secondary and compensated male biochemical hypogonadism in people living with HIV (PLWH): relevance of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) measurement and comparison between liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and chemiluminescent immunoassay for sex steroids assay. Aging Male 2022; 25:41-53. [PMID: 35318882 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2039116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about classification of hypogonadism and estrogen deficiency in male people living with HIV (PLWH) are scanty. AIM To investigate the prevalence and characterization of biochemical hypogonadism and relative estrogen deficiency in male PLWH aged < 50 comparing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CI), and combining gonadotropin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and serum estradiol (E2) measurements. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Serum total testosterone (TT), E2, gonadotropins, SHBG were measured by CI. TT and E2 were also assessed by LC-MS/MS. Free testosterone (cFT) was calculated by Vermeulen equation. RESULTS A total of 316 PLWH (45.3 ± 5.3 years) were enrolled. TT and cFT by LC-MS/MS were lower compared to CI (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism was higher with LC-MS/MS than CI, both for TT (5.1% vs 3.2%, p < 0.0001) or cFT (9.5% vs 7%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of hypogonadism (overt + compensated) was 17.1% for cFT using LC-MS/MS. Secondary form of hypogonadism was more prevalent than primary. The prevalence of relative estrogen deficiency was of 30.0% among hypogonadal patients and 15.5% among eugonadal. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of male hypogonadism results underestimated by CI compared to LC-MS/MS in PLWH, both for TT and cFT. SHBG and gonadotropins are essential for detecting T deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentis
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Decaroli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Diazzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Tartaro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Laura Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Jovana Milic
- Multidisciplinary Metabolic Clinic, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Policlinic Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Multidisciplinary Metabolic Clinic, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rochira
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
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22
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Phan MAT, Gibson E, Golebiowski B, Stapleton F, Jenner AM, Bucknall MP. Analysis of sex steroids in human tears using LC-MS and GC-MS: Considerations and developments to improve method sensitivity and accuracy. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109283. [PMID: 36273577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids play a role in regulation of tear film function and may exert their action locally at the ocular surface. However, measurement of sex steroids in tears is difficult due to small-volume tear samples and very low concentrations of the hormones. This short communication highlights what has been achieved to date in the analysis of tear sex steroids using ultra-performance LC-MS (UPLC-MS) as previously published, and reports further and more recent investigations toward optimising mass spectrometry method sensitivity and accuracy. The published UPLC-MS method successfully measured progesterone, androsterone glucuronide and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in pooled basal tears of postmenopausal women, and fourteen sex steroid standards in methanol. Limitations included sub-optimal limits of detection (LOD) and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for some analytes (particularly oestrogens), exclusion of sample matrix effects and no use of internal standards. This update reports on further experiments carried out to improve sensitivity and accuracy. Sample matrix effects, internal standard spiking, and derivatisation with dansyl chloride and oximes were investigated. Dansylation significantly improved the LOD and LLOQ of oestrogens and their metabolites, by a factor of 10 for oestradiol and a factor of 5 for oestrone, but sensitivity of this updated method is not sufficient however for analysis of these oestrogens in human tears. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as an alternative technique to LC-MS, improved sensitivity for derivatised oestradiol is reported. This work demonstrates the need to develop higher sensitivity methods and points researchers towards specific MS ionisation techniques for future analysis of sex steroids in tears, in order to progress current understanding of the role of sex steroids in tear function and dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Thu Phan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma Gibson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Optometry, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M Jenner
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martin P Bucknall
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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23
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Hadley JB, Kelher MR, D’Alessandro A, Gamboni F, Hansen K, Coleman J, Jones K, Cohen M, Moore EE, Banerjee A, Silliman CC. A pilot study of the metabolic profiles of apheresis platelets modified by donor age and sex and in vitro short-term incubation with sex hormones. Transfusion 2022; 62:2596-2608. [PMID: 36309927 PMCID: PMC9837799 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are part of innate immunity and comprise the cellular portion of hemostasis. Platelets express sex hormone receptors on their plasma membrane and sex hormones can alter their function in vitro. Little is known about how age and sex may affect platelet biology; thus, we hypothesized that platelets from males and females have different metabolomic profiles, which may be altered by age and in vitro treatment with sex hormones. METHODS Day 1 apheresis platelets were drawn from five 18-53-year-old, premenopausal younger females (YF), five ≥54-year-old, postmenopausal, older females (OF), five 18-44-year-old younger males (YM), and four ≥45-year-old older males (OM). Platelets were normalized to a standard concentration and metabolomics analyses were completed. Unsupervised statistical analyses and hierarchical clustering with principal component analyses were completed. RESULTS Platelets from OM had (1) elevated mono-, di- and tri-carboxylates, (2) increased levels of free fatty acids, acyl-carnitines, and free amino acids, and (3) increased purine breakdown and deamination products. In vitro incubation with sex hormones only affected platelets from OM donors with trends towards increased ATP and other high-energy purines and decreases in L-proline and other amino acids. CONCLUSION Platelets from OM's versus YF, OF, and YM have a different metabolome implying increased energy metabolism, more free fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and amino acids, and increased breakdown of purines and deamination products. However, only platelets from OM were affected by sex hormones in vitro. Platelets from OM are metabolically distinct, which may impart functional differences when transfused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B. Hadley
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marguerite R. Kelher
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fabia Gamboni
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Hansen
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julia Coleman
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mitchell Cohen
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ernest E. Moore
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher C. Silliman
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA,The Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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24
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Thirumalai A, Anawalt BD. Relationships between endogenous and exogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease in men. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1305-1322. [PMID: 36219323 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we discuss the evidence about the controversy about the cardiovascular effects of endogenous and exogenous testosterone in men. Prospective cohort studies with follow-up of ~5-15 years generally indicate no association or a possible inverse relationship between serum endogenous testosterone concentrations and composite major cardiovascular events, cardiovascular deaths and overall mortality. Pharmacoepidemiological studies of large databases generally show no association between testosterone therapy and incident major cardiovascular events, and some pharmacoepidemiological studies demonstrate an association with decreased overall mortality. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials indicate that there is no increased incidence of overall major cardiovascular events with 1-3 years of testosterone therapy. These placebo-controlled trials have major limitations including small numbers of participants, short duration of testosterone therapy and follow-up, and lack of systematic adjudication of cardiovascular events. Overall, the evidence indicates that endogenous testosterone concentrations and testosterone therapy at physiological dosages confer no or minimal effects on the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. There is insufficient evidence to make conclusions about testosterone therapy for patients at high risk of cardiovascular events (e.g., men with recent myocardial infarctions or stroke and men with recurrent idiopathic deep venous thromboses). In general, clinicians should avoid prescribing supraphysiological testosterone therapy to hypogonadal men or men with slightly low to low-normal serum testosterone concentrations and no identified disorder of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis because of the uncertain cardiovascular risks and the lack of proven health benefits. For most men with bona fide hypogonadism, benefits of testosterone therapy exceed the potential risk of adverse cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Thirumalai
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356420 Department of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Bradley D Anawalt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 356420 Department of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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25
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Chabi K, Sleno L. Estradiol, Estrone and Ethinyl Estradiol Metabolism Studied by High Resolution LC-MS/MS Using Stable Isotope Labeling and Trapping of Reactive Metabolites. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100931. [PMID: 36295833 PMCID: PMC9611524 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation reactions that xenobiotics undergo during their metabolism are crucial for their proper excretion from the body, but can also be a source of toxicity, especially in the case of reactive metabolite formation. Unstable, reactive metabolites are capable of covalent binding to proteins, and have often been linked to liver damage and other undesired side effects. A common technique to assess the formation of reactive metabolites employs trapping them in vitro with glutathione and characterizing the resulting adducts by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Some endogenous compounds, however, can interfere with xenobiotic metabolites of interest, making the analysis more difficult. This study demonstrates the usefulness of isotope-labeled compounds to detect and elucidate the structures of both stable metabolites and trapped adducts of three estrogen analogs using an untargeted LC-MS/MS workflow. The metabolism of estradiol, estrone and ethinyl estradiol was investigated. Unlabeled and deuterated versions of these three compounds were incubated with human or rat liver microsomes in the presence of two different trapping agents, namely glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. The detection of closely eluting deuterated peaks allowed us to confirm the formation of several known metabolites, as well as many previously uncharacterized ones. The structure of each adduct was elucidated by the detailed analysis of high-resolution MS/MS spectra for elucidating fragmentation pathways with accurate mass measurements. The use of isotopic labeling was crucial in helping confirm many metabolites and adduct structures, as well as removing endogenous interferences.
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26
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van Winden LJ, Lentjes EGWM, Demir AY, Huijgen HJ, Bergman AM, van der Poel HG, van Rossum HH. Testosterone analysis in castrated prostate cancer patients: suitability of the castration cut-off and analytical accuracy of the present-day clinical immunoassays. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:1661-1668. [PMID: 35918785 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Testosterone testing is relevant for evaluating castration adequacy and diagnosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). However, the recommended testosterone cut-off of 1.7 nmol/L (50 ng/dL) to define adequate castration is based on consensus and not validated for the automated immunoassays (AIA) used in today's medical laboratories. Furthermore, appropriate population intervals have not been determined by a state-of-the-art assay. We investigated the analytical suitability of this cut-off and the accuracy of the present-day AIAs for testosterone analysis in castrated PCa patients. METHODS Leftover serum from 120 PCa patients castrated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists was analysed for testosterone by five methods: Architect i2000 (Abbott), Access (Beckman), Cobas 6000 (Roche), Atellica (Siemens), LC-MS/MS. For all assays, the castration 95th, 97.5th and 99th percentile upper limits were determined. Furthermore, Passing-Bablok regression, mean bias and Spearman's correlation coefficients were compared to the LC-MS/MS method and total error based on biological variation. RESULTS All castration upper limits, ranging from 0.472 nmol/L (LC-MS/MS) to 1.25 nmol/L (Access) (95% percentile), were significantly lower than the current castration cut-off (1.7 nmol/L). Slopes of Passing-Bablok regressions comparing the AIA with the LC-MS/MS method ranged from 1.4 (Cobas and Atellica) to 3.8 (Access). The Architect showed the highest correlation with LC-MS/MS (ρ=0.58). All AIA failed to meet the desirable total error criterion. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a lower general testosterone castration cut-off may be more appropriate in evaluating the adequacy of castration in PCa and that present-day AIA lack analytical accuracy to quantify testosterone levels in castrated PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Jan van Winden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eef G W M Lentjes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Y Demir
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Huijgen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Marinus Bergman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub H van Rossum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated a clear association between T2D, obesity and reduced total testosterone concentration. This relationship becomes less significant or absent with correction for changes in body composition, supporting the notion that changes in body composition are mediating these effects. Moreover, this mediating effect of body composition changes is bi-directional, as evidenced by interventional studies of weight loss and testosterone treatment. On the one hand, in obese men, serum testosterone increases markedly with weight loss. On the other hand, testosterone improves body composition. This relationship is driven by multiple complex interaction between obesity and insulin resistance and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, at all levels. Data from randomised control trials have demonstrated that intervention with testosterone therapy increases muscle mass and reduces adiposity. Most recently it has been shown that treatment with testosterone prevents progression of impaired glucose tolerance to T2D, or reverses newly diagnosed T2D beyond lifestyle intervention alone. At present there are insufficient safety data to support the use of testosterone for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Umapathysivam
- Endocrine and Metabolic Health Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Endocrine and Metabolic Health Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia; Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute.
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28
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Hadley JB, Kelher MR, Coleman JR, Kelly KK, Dumont LJ, Esparza O, Banerjee A, Cohen MJ, Jones K, Silliman CC. Hormones, age, and sex affect platelet responsiveness in vitro. Transfusion 2022; 62:1882-1893. [PMID: 35929193 PMCID: PMC9464702 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sex confers a survival advantage following severe injury in the setting of trauma-induced coagulopathy, with female platelets having heightened responsiveness likely due to estrogen. The effects of testosterone on platelet biology are unknown, and platelets express both estradiol and androgen receptors on the plasma membrane. We hypothesize testosterone decreases platelet responses in vitro, and there are baseline differences in platelet function and metabolism stratified by sex/age. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Apheresis platelets were collected from: older males (OM) ≥45 years, younger males (YM) <45 years, older females (OF) ≥54 years, and younger females (YF) <54 years, and testosterone and estradiol were measured. Platelets were incubated with testosterone (5.31 ng/ml), estradiol (105 pg/ml) or vehicle and stimulated with buffer, adenosine diphosphate (20 μM), platelet activating factor (2 μM), or thrombin (0.3 U/ml). Aggregation, CD62P surface expression, fibrinogen receptor surface expression, and platelet mitochondrial metabolism were measured. RESULTS Testosterone significantly inhibited aggregation in OF and OM (p < .05), inhibited CD41a expression in YF, YM, and OM (p < .05), and affected a few of the baseline amounts of CD62P surface expression but not platelet activation to platelet-activating factor and adenosine diphosphate, and variably changed platelet metabolism. DISCUSSION Platelets have sex- and age-specific aggregation, receptor expression, and metabolism. Testosterone decreases platelet function dependent on the stimulus, age, and sex. Similarly, platelet metabolism has varying responses to sex hormones with baseline metabolic differences dependent upon sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B Hadley
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marguerite R Kelher
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Julia R Coleman
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Larry J Dumont
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
- The Department of Pathology School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Orlando Esparza
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mitchell J Cohen
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christopher C Silliman
- The Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
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29
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Wu M, Guo Y, Wei S, Xue L, Tang W, Chen D, Xiong J, Huang Y, Fu F, Wu C, Chen Y, Zhou S, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang W, Dai J, Wang S. Biomaterials and advanced technologies for the evaluation and treatment of ovarian aging. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:374. [PMID: 35953871 PMCID: PMC9367160 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging is characterized by a progressive decline in ovarian function. With the increase in life expectancy worldwide, ovarian aging has gradually become a key health problem among women. Over the years, various strategies have been developed to preserve fertility in women, while there are currently no clinical treatments to delay ovarian aging. Recently, advances in biomaterials and technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing and microfluidics for the encapsulation of follicles and nanoparticles as delivery systems for drugs, have shown potential to be translational strategies for ovarian aging. This review introduces the research progress on the mechanisms underlying ovarian aging, and summarizes the current state of biomaterials in the evaluation and treatment of ovarian aging, including safety, potential applications, future directions and difficulties in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yican Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liru Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Weicheng Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yibao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chuqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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van Winden LJ, van Rossum HH. Testosterone analysis in prostate cancer patients. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 108:73-104. [PMID: 35659062 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone is an essential steroid hormone associated with a wide variety of biological processes in humans. In prostate cancer, androgen signaling is an important driver of tumor cell growth. Depletion of gonadal testosterone, achieved by surgical or chemical castration, prevents androgenic signaling and temporally reduces, stops or reverses tumor growth before inevitable progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer occurs. Additional treatment strategies targeting androgenic signaling have become available, although these are without curative intent. While circulating testosterone is also associated with disease risk and potential clinical utility, the main use in the clinical lab is monitoring adequate castration and subsequent resistance to therapy. Adequate castrate testosterone concentrations are currently based on over 50 year-old double-isotope derivative assays that are disputed in automated immunoassay (IA) analysis. The debate has been further fueled with the introduction of mass spectrometry-based assays for testosterone, offering a substantial increase in sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we discuss testosterone regulation and androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. We provide an overview of the developments in testosterone analysis for monitoring adequate castration and resistance to therapy. Current clinical practice and future clinical utility will be discussed. Finally, clinical and research recommendations will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J van Winden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Huub H van Rossum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Šimková M, Kolátorová L, Drašar P, Vítků J. An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 32 steroids in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1201-1202:123294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mension E, Alonso I, Cebrecos I, Castrejon N, Tortajada M, Matas I, Gómez S, Ribera L, Anglès-Acedo S, Castelo-Branco C. Safety of prasterone in breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors: the VIBRA pilot study. Climacteric 2022; 25:476-482. [PMID: 35343852 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to safety concerns on estrogen-based treatments for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in breast cancer survivors (BCS), new options are appearing, such as androgen-based treatments, which according to proprieties would not be transformed systemically to estrogens in patients receiving aromatase inhibitors (AIs). OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study is to assess the security and efficacy of vaginal prasterone (dehydroepiandrostenedione [DHEA]) in BCS treated with AIs. METHODS This open, prospective, pilot study included 10 BCS treated with AIs. All participants complained of severe GSM. DHEA was administrated as a vaginal ovule. Participants were instructed to use one ovule every night during the first month, and one ovule every two nights for the entire five remaining months. The patients were requested to attend seriated visits after the beginning of the prasterone treatment to evaluate symptoms, physical improvement and serum estradiol. RESULTS Mean serum estradiol remained low from 3.4 pg/ml to 4.3 pg/ml (p = 0.9136) after 6 months of follow-up. The visual analog scale of dyspareunia improved from 8.5 to mean values after treatment of 0.4 (p = 0.0178). The Vaginal Health Index (VHI) scale and Female Sexual Function Index improved from 9.75 to 15.8 (p = 0.0277) and from an initial score of 11.2 to 20.6 (p = 0.0277), respectively. Vaginal pH changed from basal 8.1 to final 6.5 (p = 0.0330). CONCLUSION Symptoms and physical examination regarding sexuality and vaginal health improved significantly, while serum estradiol remained at low levels. Prasterone seems a safe and effective option to treat GSM in BCS receiving AIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mension
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Alonso
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Cebrecos
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Tortajada
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Matas
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Gómez
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ribera
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Anglès-Acedo
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine - University of Barcelona, Clinic Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic - Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Zatrochová S, Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela H, Catalá-Icardo M, Simó-Alfonso EF, Lhotská I, Šatínský D, Herrero-Martínez JM. Development of hybrid monoliths incorporating metal–organic frameworks for stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of estrogen endocrine disruptors in water and human urine samples. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:92. [PMID: 35132465 PMCID: PMC8821068 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel coating based on hybrid monolith with metal–organic framework (MOF) onto conventional Teflon-coated magnetic stir bars was developed. For this purpose, the external surface of the Teflon stir bar was firstly vinylized in order to immobilize a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)–based polymer onto the magnet. Then, an amino-modified MOF of type MIL-101 (NH2-MIL-101(Al)) was covalently attached to the GMA-based monolith. After the synthesis process, several parameters affecting extraction of target estrogens by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) including pH, ionic strength, extraction time, stirring rate, desorption solvent, and desorption time were also investigated. The resulting hybrid monolith was evaluated as SBSE sorbent for extraction of three estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol) and synthetic 17β-ethinylestradiol from water and human urine samples followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection (excitation and emission wavelengths, 280 and 310 nm, respectively). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the analytical figures of the method were established, achieving satisfactory limits of detection in the range of 0.015–0.58 µg L−1, recovery results ranging from 70 to 95% with RSD less than 6%, and precision values (intra- and inter-extraction units) below 6%.
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Peng R, Le J, Yang SL, Cheng JR, Li Y, Wang ST. Cold-induced phase separation for the simple and reliable extraction of sex hormones for subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100158. [PMID: 34863861 PMCID: PMC8953666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones, including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, are important biomarkers for various diseases. Quantification of sex hormones is typically conducted by LC-MS/MS. At present, most methods require liquid-liquid extraction or solid phase extraction for sample preparation. However, these pretreatments are prone to compromise LC-MS/MS throughput. To improve on the current standard practices, we investigated cold-induced phase separation for sex hormone extraction. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile and adjusting the solution constitution with water, samples were stored at -30°C for 10 min to generate two distinct phases: an acetonitrile-rich layer on top of a water-rich layer. During this process, the hydrophobic sex hormones spontaneously separate into the upper layer. This simple and reliable cold-induced phase separation-based LC-MS/MS methodology was used here to simultaneously detect estrone, estradiol, estriol, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in serum. Validation of this method indicated satisfactory performance, including acceptable linearity, accuracy, precision, and tractability. Compared with the mainstream liquid-liquid extraction-based method, this new method exhibits significant progress in throughput, which shortens the time cost of sample preparation from 90 to 40 min. We propose that this method can be an excellent alternative for sex hormone analysis in routine clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juan Le
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shu-Lin Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing-Ru Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shao-Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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McMillin SL, Minchew EC, Lowe DA, Spangenburg EE. Skeletal muscle wasting: the estrogen side of sexual dimorphism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C24-C37. [PMID: 34788147 PMCID: PMC8721895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The importance of defining sex differences across various biological and physiological mechanisms is more pervasive now than it has been over the past 15-20 years. As the muscle biology field pushes to identify small molecules and interventions to prevent, attenuate, or even reverse muscle wasting, we must consider the effect of sex as a biological variable. It should not be assumed that a therapeutic will affect males and females with equal efficacy or equivalent target affinities under conditions where muscle wasting is observed. With that said, it is not surprising to find that we have an unclear or even a poor understanding of the effects of sex or sex hormones on muscle wasting conditions. Although recent investigations are beginning to establish experimental approaches that will allow investigators to assess the impact of sex-specific hormones on muscle wasting, the field still needs rigorous scientific tools that will allow the community to address critical hypotheses centered around sex hormones. The focus of this review is on female sex hormones, specifically estrogens, and the roles that these hormones and their receptors play in skeletal muscle wasting conditions. With the overall review goal of assembling the current knowledge in the area of sexual dimorphism driven by estrogens with an effort to provide insights to interested physiologists on necessary considerations when trying to assess models for potential sex differences in cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L. McMillin
- 1Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,2Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Everett C. Minchew
- 3Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Dawn A. Lowe
- 1Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,2Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Espen E. Spangenburg
- 3Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Dmitrieva EV, Temerdashev AZ, Osipova AK. Determination of Ketosteroids in Human Urine Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A method is proposed for the determination of some ketosteroids in human urine, including enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase from E. coli followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, derivatization of analytes with hydroxylamine, and detection by reversed-phase ultra-HPLC–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Optimization of extraction and derivatization conditions of the studied compounds made it possible to find that the highest recoveries were achieved using an acetone–chloroform mixture as a dispersant and an extractant, and the completeness of the derivatization reaction was achieved by thermostating the sample at 70°C for 90 min. The proposed method has high sensitivity (limits of detection in the range of 0.1–0.25 ng/mL) and a wide linearity range.
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Doll E, Gunsolus I, Thorgerson A, Tangpricha V, Lamberton N, Sarvaideo JL. Pharmacokinetics of Sublingual vs. Oral Estradiol in Transgender Women. Endocr Pract 2021; 28:237-242. [PMID: 34781041 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics of 17ß-estradiol administered orally versus sublingually in transgender women. METHODS Single doses of 17ß-estradiol were administered orally (1 mg) to ten transgender women, then sublingually (1 mg) after a one-week washout. Blood samples were taken at baseline and T = 1,2,3,4,6,8 hours after dosing. Samples were frozen and analyzed using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) and immunoassay. RESULTS Results demonstrated that sublingual estradiol had a significantly higher peak serum estradiol (E2) concentration at 144 pg/mL by LC-MS/MS compared to oral estradiol at 35 pg/mL by LC-MS/MS (p= 0.003). Sublingual estradiol peaked at hour 1 and oral estradiol peaked at hour 8 when measured by LC-MS/MS. The area under the curve (AUC) 0-8h for sublingual estradiol measured by LC-MS/MS showed a 1.8-fold higher level compared to the AUC 0-8h for oral estradiol measured by LC-MS/MS. Additionally, sublingual E2 was found to have an increased E2 to estrone (E1) ratio at all timepoints (1.1 ± 1.0 v. 0.7 ± 0.4, p= <0.0001), the clinical significance of which is unclear. CONCLUSION Oral estradiol administered sublingually has a different pharmacokinetic profile, with higher serum estradiol levels and AUC (0-8h) than traditionally administered oral E2. Multi-daily dosing may be necessary to suppress testosterone levels with sublingual estradiol. The appropriate dosing, efficacy and safety of sublingual estradiol compared to other estradiol preparations is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Gunsolus
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pathology
| | | | - Vin Tangpricha
- Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology
| | - Nathan Lamberton
- Medical College of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Jenna L Sarvaideo
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine.
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Immunological Analytical Techniques for Cosmetics Quality Control and Process Monitoring. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetics analysis represents a rapidly expanding field of analytical chemistry as new cosmetic formulations are increasingly in demand on the market and the ingredients required for their production are constantly evolving. Each country applies strict legislation regarding substances in the final product that must be prohibited or regulated. To verify the compliance of cosmetics with current regulations, official analytical methods are available to reveal and quantitatively determine the analytes of interest. However, since ingredients, and the lists of regulated/prohibited substances, rapidly change, dedicated analytical methods must be developed ad hoc to fulfill the new requirements. Research focuses on finding innovative techniques that allow a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive detection of the target analytes in cosmetics. Among the different methods proposed, immunological techniques are gaining interest, as they make it possible to carry out low-cost analyses on raw materials and finished products in a relatively short time. Indeed, immunoassays are based on the specific and selective antibody/antigen reaction, and they have been extensively applied for clinical diagnostic, alimentary quality control and environmental security purposes, and even for routine analysis. Since the complexity and variability of the matrices, as well as the great variety of compounds present in cosmetics, are analogous with those from food sources, immunological methods could also be applied successfully in this field. Indeed, this would provide a valid approach for the monitoring of industrial production chains even in developing countries, which are currently the greatest producers of cosmetics and the major exporters of raw materials. This review aims to highlight the immunological techniques proposed for cosmetics analysis, focusing on the detection of prohibited/regulated compounds, bacteria and toxins, and allergenic substances, and the identification of counterfeits.
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Nolan BJ, Cheung AS. Relationship Between Serum Estradiol Concentrations and Clinical Outcomes in Transgender Individuals Undergoing Feminizing Hormone Therapy: A Narrative Review. Transgend Health 2021; 6:125-131. [PMID: 34414268 DOI: 10.1089/trgh.2020.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgender, including gender diverse and nonbinary, individuals are treated with estradiol with or without antiandrogen to align their physical appearance with their gender identity, improve mental health and quality of life. Consensus guidelines give target ranges for serum estradiol concentration based on premenopausal female reference ranges. However, limited studies have evaluated the relationship between serum estradiol concentrations and clinical outcomes in transgender individuals undergoing feminizing hormone therapy. The available evidence has not found that higher serum estradiol concentrations, together with suppressed testosterone, enhance breast development, or produce more feminine changes to body composition. However, ensuring testosterone suppression appears to be an important factor to maximize these physical changes. Higher serum estradiol concentrations have been associated with higher areal bone mineral density. Although the resultant long-term clinical implications are yet to be determined, this could be a consideration for individuals with low bone mass. The precise serum estradiol concentration that results in adequate feminization without increasing the risk of complications (thromboembolic disease, cholelithiasis) remains unknown. Further prospective trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Nolan
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada S Cheung
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Lin HY, Liao KH, Ko CY, Chen GY, Hsu SP, Hung CY, Hsu TI. 17β-estradiol induces temozolomide resistance through NRF2-mediated redox homeostasis in glioblastoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:430-440. [PMID: 34186205 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most fatal cancer among brain tumors, and the standard treatment of GBM patients is surgical tumor resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. However, tumors always recur due to the developing drug resistance. It has been shown that neurosteroids, including dehydroepiandrosterone and 17β-estradiol, are synthesized in TMZ-resistant GBM tumors. Therefore, we sought to explore the possible role of 17β-estradiol in the development of drug resistance in GBM. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that aromatase/cytochrome P450 19A1 expression was gradually increased in the development from normal, astrocytoma to GBM. The level of 17β-estradiol was significantly increased in TMZ-resistant cells characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, 17β-estradiol attenuated TMZ-induced cell death and reduced reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria. In addition, 17β-estradiol attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the expression of superoxide dismutase 1/2, catalase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF) 2. We found that NRF2 expression was essential for the induction of drug resistance by 17β-estradiol through the reduction of oxidative stress in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Critical Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Neurotraumatology and Intensive Care, Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yuan Ko
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Hung
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhang YY, Ghirardello M, Wang T, Lu AM, Liu L, Voglmeir J, Galan MC. Imidazolium labelling permits the sensitive mass-spectrometric detection of N-glycosides directly from serum. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7003-7006. [PMID: 34159978 PMCID: PMC8280963 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel imidazolium derivative (GITag) shows superior ionisation and consequently allows increased mass spectrometric detection capabilities of oligosaccharides and N-glycans. Here we demonstrate that human serum samples can be directly labelled by GITag on a MALDI target plate, abrogating prevalently required sample pretreatment or clean-up steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS Bristol, UK.
| | - Ting Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Ai-Min Lu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS Bristol, UK.
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Biomimetic estrogen sensor based on soft colloidal probes. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113506. [PMID: 34325320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of reports substantiate the link between emerging estrogenic pollutants and a variety of adverse effects including developmental disorders, infertility, cancer and neurological disorders, threatening public health as well as environment. The detection of the diverse classes of estrogenic and antiestrogenic substances is still challenging due to analytics which needs to cover the whole range of compounds acting on estrogen receptors and the complex estrogen pathways. In this proof-of-concept study, we report a novel biomimetic detection scheme based on the specific recognition of estrogenic ligands by estrogen sulfotransferase 1E1 (SULT1E1), which acts as one of the key enzymes in estrogen homeostasis. SULT1E1 was site-specifically immobilized on transparent glass slides via a hexahistidine-tag in a multi-step procedure. Soft colloidal probes (SCPs) covalently functionalized with ligands of SULT1E1, namely estrone and estradiol 17-(β-D-glucuronide), served as adhesion probes. The various functionalization steps were analyzed and optimized using epifluorescence, confocal laser scanning as well as reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM). A competitive SCP binding assay probing the elastic SCP deformation driven by the specific interaction between SCPs and the SULT1E1 decorated glass slides was employed in conjunction with an optical readout by RICM and automated image analysis to detect estrogenic compounds by their inhibition of SCP adhesion. This sensing concept has demonstrated exceptional specificity for estrogenic steroid compounds compared to structurally related substance classes and provides promising options for multiplexed assays and incorporation of other proteins of the endocrine system to fully capture the whole ensemble of hormonally active substances.
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Determination of Intraprostatic and Intratesticular Androgens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010466. [PMID: 33466491 PMCID: PMC7796479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens represent the main hormones responsible for maintaining hormonal balance and function in the prostate and testis. As they are involved in prostate and testicular carcinogenesis, more detailed information of their active concentration at the site of action is required. Since the introduction of the term intracrinology as the local formation of active steroid hormones from inactive precursors of the adrenal gland, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S, it is evident that blood circulating levels of sex steroid hormones need not reflect their actual concentrations in the tissue. Here, we review and critically evaluate available methods for the analysis of human intraprostatic and intratesticular steroid concentrations. Since analytical approaches have much in common in both tissues, we discuss them together. Preanalytical steps, including various techniques for separation of the analytes, are compared, followed by the end-point measurement. Advantages and disadvantages of chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS, GC-MS), immunoanalytical methods (IA), and hybrid (LC-IA) are discussed. Finally, the clinical information value of the determined steroid hormones is evaluated concerning differentiating between patients with cancer or benign hyperplasia and between patients with different degrees of infertility. Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens are mentioned as perspective prognostic markers for these purposes.
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Darville LNF, Cline JK, Rozmeski C, Martinez YC, Rich S, Eschrich SA, Egan KM, Yaghjyan L, Koomen JM. LC-HRMS of derivatized urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1154:122288. [PMID: 32769047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to undertake an epidemiologic study relating levels of parent estrogens (estrone and estradiol) and estrogen metabolites (EMs) to other breast cancer risk factors, we have optimized methods for EM quantification with ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). A two-step approach was adopted; the first step comprised method development and evaluation of the method performance. The second step consisted of applying this method to quantify estrogens in postmenopausal women and determine if the observed patterns are consistent with the existing literature and prior knowledge of estrogen metabolism. First, 1-methylimidazole-2-sulfonyl chloride (MIS) was used to derivatize endogenous estrogens and estrogen metabolites in urine from study participants. Since C18 reversed phase columns have not been able to separate all the structurally related EMs, we used a C18-pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column. The parent estrogens and EMs were baseline resolved with distinct retention times on this C18-PFP column using a 30 min gradient. This method was used to quantify the parent estrogens and 13 EMs in urine samples collected in an initial pilot study involving males as well as pre- and peri-menopausal females to assess a range of EM levels in urine samples and enable comparison to the previous literature for assay evaluation. Detection limits ranged from 1 - 20 pg/mL depending on the EM. We evaluated matrix effects and interference as well as the intra- and inter-batch reproducibility including hydrolysis, extraction, derivatization and LC-MS analysis using charcoal-stripped human urine as a matrix. Methods were then applied to the measurement of estrogens in urine samples from 169 postmenopausal women enrolled in an epidemiological study to examine relationships between breast cancer risk, the intestinal microbiome, and urinary EMs. The results from our cohort are comparable to previous reports on urinary EMs in postmenopausal women and enabled thorough evaluation of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancia N F Darville
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | - Jayden K Cline
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Carrie Rozmeski
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yessica C Martinez
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shannan Rich
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.
| | | | - John M Koomen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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Workshop on normal reference ranges for estradiol in postmenopausal women, September 2019, Chicago, Illinois. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:614-624. [PMID: 32379215 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) organized the Workshop on Normal Ranges for Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women from September 23 to 24, 2019, in Chicago, Illinois. The aim of the workshop was to review existing analytical methodologies for measuring estradiol in postmenopausal women and to assess existing data and study cohorts of postmenopausal women for their suitability to establish normal postmenopausal ranges. The anticipated outcome of the workshop was to develop recommendations for establishing normal ranges generated with a standardized and certified assay that could be adopted by clinical and research communities. The attendees determined that the term reference range was a better descriptor than normal range for estradiol measurements in postmenopausal women. Twenty-eight speakers presented during the workshop.
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Mezzullo M, Pelusi C, Fazzini A, Repaci A, Di Dalmazi G, Gambineri A, Pagotto U, Fanelli F. Female and male serum reference intervals for challenging sex and precursor steroids by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 197:105538. [PMID: 31734493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Measuring some sex and precursor steroids is still challenging even by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and few normal values are available. We developed a LC-MS/MS method for estradiol, estrone, dihydrotestosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone measurement, compared it with direct immunoassays, and generated sex, age, menopausal and menstrual status specific reference intervals. Liquid-liquid extraction was optimized on 300 μL serum spiked with isotopic internal standards. A 2D-LC system allowed on-line purification and separation in 11 min run. Electrospray ionization was enhanced by ammonium fluoride. MS-detection was obtained by multiple reaction monitoring. Direct ECLIA for estradiol (n = 80) and RIA for estrone (n = 41) were compared with LC-MS/MS. Reference values were estimated in healthy, lean women in reproductive age (n = 118), menopausal women (n = 33) and men (n = 159). The assay showed satisfying imprecision, trueness, recovery and selectivity. Adequate functional sensitivity was achieved for measuring estrone (18.1 pmol/L) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (117 pmol/L) in all subjects, and estradiol (35.9 pmol/L) and dihydrotestosterone (134 pmol/L) in women in reproductive age and men, but not in menopausal women. Compared with LC-MS/MS, immunoassays showed good agreement for estradiol but severe disagreement for estrone. Estrogens exhibited sex, menopausal and menstrual variations. Dihydrotestosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone depended on sex and menopause, the latter also declining with age in men. Strictly defined reference intervals in the adult female and male population were generated for challenging steroids such as estrogens, dihydrotestosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone by a novel LC-MS/MS method. Our achievement can be used to deepen the comprehension of several endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carla Pelusi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessia Fazzini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Policlinic, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Quantitative analysis of underivatized 17 β-estradiol using a high-throughput LC-MS/MS assay - Application to support a pharmacokinetic study in ovariectomized guinea pigs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112897. [PMID: 31593865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Difference in female sex hormone, β-estradiol (E2), levels can contribute to sex differences in biological processes that underlie target tissue functions (QT interval), vulnerability to diseases (hepatitis or HIV), and response toward therapies. Accurate quantification of plasma E2 level is thus an important aspect in both basic science research examining hormone-regulated physiological mechanisms and in clinical settings to support patient care associated with altered E2 levels. Due to lack of a high-throughput high-sensitivity analytical method, we developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay for accurate low-level quantification of E2 and demonstrated its application to a guinea pig pharmacokinetic study in which guinea pigs were treated with 10 or 40 μg/kg E2 subcutaneously and blood samples collected at 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h post-dosing. E2 was extracted using 90 μL ovariectomized guinea pig plasma by liquid-liquid extraction. The method was robust, sensitive with linear range from 3.9 to 1000 pg/mL, and the assay met acceptance criteria for validation parameters listed in the current FDA Guidance on Bioanalytical Method Validation. Compared to the 10 μg/kg dose, more than dose proportional increase in maximum E2 plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC0-∞ and correspondingly longer half-life were observed after 40 μg/kg dose. This assay is a significant improvement over existing E2 quantification methods in bioanalytical field, with high precision and accuracy, low sample and injection volumes, no derivatization, and short assay run time of 3 min. This assay is amenable in high-throughput settings requiring low-level E2 quantitation in basic science research and clinical settings.
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Nolan BJ, Brownhill A, Bretherton I, Wong P, Fox S, Locke P, Russell N, Grossmann M, Zajac JD, Cheung AS. Relationships between body mass index with oral estradiol dose and serum estradiol concentration in transgender adults undergoing feminising hormone therapy. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820924543. [PMID: 32547727 PMCID: PMC7249588 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820924543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Feminising hormone therapy with estradiol is used to align an individual's physical characteristics with their gender identity. Given considerable variations in doses of estradiol therapy administered as gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), we aimed to assess if body mass index (BMI) correlated with estradiol dose/concentration and assess the correlation between estradiol dose and estradiol concentrations. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional study, we analysed transgender individuals attending a primary or secondary care clinic in Melbourne, Australia who were prescribed oral estradiol valerate for at least 6 months and had estradiol dose and concentration available. Estradiol concentration was measured by immunoassay. Outcomes were the correlation between estradiol dose and BMI, and estradiol dose and estradiol concentration. RESULTS Data were available for 259 individuals {median age 25.8 [interquartile range (IQR) 21.9, 33.5] years}. Median duration of estradiol therapy was 24 (15, 33) months. Median estradiol concentration was 328 (238, 434) pmol/l [89 (65, 118) pg/ml] on 6 (4, 8) mg estradiol valerate. Median BMI was 24.7 (21.8, 28.6) kg/m2. There was a weak positive correlation between estradiol dose and estradiol concentration (r = 0.156, p = 0.012). There was no correlation between BMI and estradiol concentration achieved (r = -0.063, p = 0.413) or BMI and estradiol dose (r = 0.048, p = 0.536). Estradiol concentrations were within the target range recommended in consensus guidelines in 172 (66%) individuals. CONCLUSION Estradiol dose was only weakly correlated with estradiol concentration, suggesting significant interindividual variability. Prescription of estradiol dose should not be based upon an individual's BMI, which did not correlate with estradiol concentration achieved. In all, 66% of individuals achieved estradiol concentrations recommended in Australian consensus guidelines with a relatively high oral estradiol dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Brownhill
- Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid Bretherton
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peggy Wong
- Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Fox
- Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Locke
- Equinox Gender Diverse Clinic, Thorne Harbour Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Russell
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D. Zajac
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada S. Cheung
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Meng Y, Zong L. Estrogen stimulates SREBP2 expression in hepatic cell lines via an estrogen response element in the SREBP2 promoter. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:65. [PMID: 31827541 PMCID: PMC6892134 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypoestrogenism in women is strongly associated with menopause and it can lead to lipid disorder, which predisposes people to premature cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of lipid disorder remains unclear. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is the key transcription factor regulating cholesterol metabolism. We hypothesize that estrogen regulates SREBP2 transcription through an estrogen response element (ERE) in the SREBP2 promoter region. Methods Human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) were treated with dose-dependent concentrations of estradiol (E2) for 24 h. Then, SREBP2 expression was determined via real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. The expressions of the SREBP2 downstream target genes HMGCR and LDLR were determined via real-time PCR. Lipid secretion in the culture media of HepG2 cells was measured using ELISA. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified high-scoring ERE-like sequences in the SREBP2 gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis was used to confirm the ERE. DNA fragments of the putative or mutated ERE-like sequence were synthesized and ligated into pGL3-basic plasmid to construct the SREBP2 promoter luciferase reporter systems. SREBP2-Luciferase (SREBP2-Luc), SREBP2-Mutation (SREBP2-Mut) and the blank control were transfected into hepatic cell lines. Luciferase activities were measured using the dual-luciferase reporter assay system. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and the luciferase reporter assay were repeated in human hepatoma cells (HuH-7). Results We found that E2 dose-dependently increased the expression of SREBP2 in HepG2 cells and that the increased levels were blocked when treated with an estrogen receptor-alpha antagonist. Additionally, E2 increased both HMGCR and LDLR expression and lipid secretion in HepG2 cells. Notably, we identified a functional ERE in the SREBP2 gene promoter, to which E2 could specifically bind and induce transcription. Conclusions An ERE was identified in the SREBP2 gene promoter. It mediates the regulation of SREBP2 expression by estrogen in hepatocytes. This study provides a mechanism to link cardiovascular disease with estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001 People's Republic of China
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