Controlled synthesis, formation mechanism and upconversion luminescence of NaYF4: Yb, Er nano-/submicrocrystals via ionothermal approach

A semi-combinatorial approach for investigating polycatenar ligand-controlled synthesis of rare-earth fluoride nanocrystals

Rare-earth nanocrystals (RE NCs) are a valuable class of nanomaterials due to their ability to bring the attractive properties of rare earth bulk crystals to biomedical applications and solution-processable engineering. Of the bottom-up synthesis approaches, solvothermal methods yield highly crystalline and monodisperse RE NCs. Herein, we report a polycatenar ligand controlled synthesis of RE NCs using a semi-combinatorial approach with a microreactor setup that enables the investigation of the influences of several reaction parameters on the growth of the RE NCs. This approach enabled the discovery of conditions that yield highly monodisperse elongated plates with neutral, positive, and negative curvatures, as well as provide evidence of the formation of chiral morphologies.