A facile pathway to prepare VO2 and V2O3 powders via a carbothermal reduction process

Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of V2 O3 by Anchoring on Carbon Nanotube Microspheres with Macrovoids for Ultrafast and Long-Life Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are next-generation energy storage systems with high safety and environmental friendliness because they can be operated in aqueous systems. However, the search for electrode materials with ideal nanostructures and compositions for aqueous ZIBs is in progress. Herein, the synthesis of porous microspheres, consisting of V₂ O₃ anchored on entangled carbon nanotubes (p-V₂ O₃ -CNT) and their application as cathode for ZIBs is reported. From various analyses, it is revealed that V₂ O₃ phase disappears after the initial charge process, and Zn_{3+ x} (OH)_{2+3 x} V_{2- x} O_{7-3 x} ∙2H₂ O and zinc vanadate (Zn_y VO_z ) phases undergo zinc-ion intercalation/deintercalation processes from the second cycle. Additionally, the electrochemical performances of p-V₂ O₃ -CNT, V₂ O₃ -CNT (without macrovoids), and porous V₂ O₃ (without CNTs) microspheres are compared to determine the effects of nanostructures and conductive carbonaceous matrix on the zinc-ion storage performance. p-V₂ O₃ -CNT exhibits a high reversible capacity of 237 mA h g^-1 after 5000 cycles at 10 A g^-1 . Furthermore, a reversible capacity of 211 mA h g^-1 is obtained at an extremely high current density of 50 A g^-1 . The macrovoids in V₂ O₃ nanostructure effectively alleviate the volume changes during cycling, and the entangled CNTs with high electrical conductivity assist in achieving fast electrochemical kinetics.