1
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Gunther SO, Qiao Y, Smith PW, Ciccone SR, Ditter AS, Huh DN, Moreau LM, Shuh DK, Sun T, Arnold PL, Booth CH, de Jong WA, Evans WJ, Lukens WW, Minasian SG. 4f-Orbital mixing increases the magnetic susceptibility of Cp' 3Eu. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12667-12675. [PMID: 39148767 PMCID: PMC11322928 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01300j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional models of lanthanide electronic structure suggest that bonding is predominantly ionic, and that covalent orbital mixing is not an important factor in determining magnetic properties. Here, 4f orbital mixing and its impact on the magnetic susceptibility of Cp'3Eu (Cp' = C5H4SiMe3) was analyzed experimentally using magnetometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) methods at the C K-, Eu M5,4-, and L3-edges. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-calculated C K-edge XAS spectra provided unequivocal evidence of C 2p and Eu 4f orbital mixing in the π-antibonding orbital of a' symmetry. The charge-transfer configurations resulting from 4f orbital mixing were identified spectroscopically by using Eu M5,4-edge and L3-edge XAS. Modeling of variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data showed excellent agreement with the XAS results and indicated that increased magnetic susceptibility of Cp'3Eu is due to removal of the degeneracy of the 7F1 excited state due to mixing between the ligand and Eu 4f orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olivia Gunther
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Patrick W Smith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Sierra R Ciccone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Alexander S Ditter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Daniel N Huh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Liane M Moreau
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - David K Shuh
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Taoxiang Sun
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Polly L Arnold
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Corwin H Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Wibe A de Jong
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Stefan G Minasian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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2
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Engel S, Gießelmann ECJ, Reimann MK, Pöttgen R, Janka O. On the Ytterbium Valence and the Physical Properties in Selected Intermetallic Phases. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:188-222. [PMID: 38585514 PMCID: PMC10996054 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The present review summarizes important aspects of the crystal chemistry of ytterbium-based intermetallic compounds along with a selection of their outstanding physical properties. These originate in many cases from the ytterbium valence. Different valence states are possible here, divalent (4f14), intermediate-valent, or trivalent (4f13) ytterbium, resulting in simple diamagnetic, Pauli or Curie-Weiss paramagnetic, or valence fluctuating behavior. Especially, some of the Yb3+ intermetallics have gained deep interest due to their Kondo or heavy Fermion ground states. We have summarized their property investigations using magnetic and transport measurements, specific heat data, NMR, ESR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, and XAS data as well as detailed thermoelectric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Engel
- Anorganische
Festkörperchemie Universität
des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elias C. J. Gießelmann
- Anorganische
Festkörperchemie Universität
des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maximilian K. Reimann
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Anorganische
Festkörperchemie Universität
des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Hauble A, Toriyama MY, Bartling S, Abdel-Mageed AM, Snyder GJ, Kauzlarich SM. Experiment and Theory in Concert To Unravel the Remarkable Electronic Properties of Na-Doped Eu 11Zn 4Sn 2As 12: A Layered Zintl Phase. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7719-7729. [PMID: 37780411 PMCID: PMC10536979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials have unique optical, electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties that make them desirable for a wide range of applications. Nano-scaling materials to confine transport in at least one direction is a common method of designing materials with low-dimensional electronic structures. However, bulk materials give rise to low-dimensional electronic structures when bonding is highly anisotropic. Layered Zintl phases are excellent candidates for investigation due to their directional bonding, structural variety, and tunability. However, the complexity of the structure and composition of many layered Zintl phases poses a challenge for producing phase-pure bulk samples to characterize. Eu11Zn4Sn2As12 is a layered Zintl phase of significant complexity that is of interest for its magnetic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties. To prepare phase-pure Eu11-xNaxZn4Sn2As12, a binary EuAs phase was employed as a precursor, along with NaH. Experimental measurements reveal low thermal conductivity and a high Seebeck coefficient, while theoretical electronic structure calculations reveal a transition from a 3D to 2D electronic structure with increasing carrier concentration. Simulated thermoelectric properties also indicate anisotropic transport, and thermoelectric property measurements confirm the nonparabolicity of the relevant bands near the Fermi energy. Thermoelectric efficiency is known to improve as the dimensionality of the electronic structure is decreased, making this a promising material for further optimization and opening the door to further exploitation of layered Zintl phases with low-dimensional electronic structures for thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee
K. Hauble
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael Y. Toriyama
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | | | - G. Jeffrey Snyder
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern
University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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4
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Singh AK, Wang W, Panda DP, Bagchi D, Goud D, Ray B, He J, Peter SC. Cobalt-Induced Phase Transformation of Ni 3Ga 4 Generates Chiral Intermetallic Co 3Ni 3Ga 8. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1433-1440. [PMID: 36580662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community has found immense difficulty to focus on the generation of chiral intermetallics compared to the chiral molecular structure, probably due to the technical difficulty in producing them as no general controlled protocol is available. Herein, using a conventional metal flux technique, we have discovered a new ternary intermetallic Co3Ni3Ga8, substituting Co at the Ni sublattice in a highly symmetric Ni3Ga4 (Ia3̅d). Co3Ni3Ga8 crystallizes in the I4132 space group, a Sohncke type, and can host the chiral structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a ternary intermetallic crystallizing in this space group. The chiral structure of Co3Ni3Ga8 is comprehensively mapped by various techniques such as single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron powder XRD, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and theoretically studied using density functional theory. The discovery of this chiral compound can inspire the researchers to design hidden ternary chiral intermetallics to study the exotic electrical and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Debendra Prasad Panda
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India
| | - Debabrata Bagchi
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India.,New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India
| | - Devender Goud
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India.,New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India
| | - Bitan Ray
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India.,New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India
| | - Jiaqing He
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India.,New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 064, India
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5
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Bukowski Z, Rybicki D, Babij M, Przewoźnik J, Gondek Ł, Żukrowski J, Kapusta C. Canted antiferromagnetic order in EuZn 2As 2 single crystals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14718. [PMID: 36042369 PMCID: PMC9427830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds containing Eu show a vast range of unique physical properties due to the interplay of electronic and magnetic properties, which can lead to a nontrivial electronic topology combined with magnetic order. We report on the growth of trigonal (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$P\overline{3 }m1$$\end{document}P3¯m1 space group) EuZn2As2 single crystals and on the studies of their structural, electronic and magnetic properties. A range of experimental techniques was applied including X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, heat capacity and Mössbauer spectroscopy in the study. We found that Eu has solely a 2+ valence state and its magnetic moments below TN = 19.2 K form a canted antiferromagnetic structure, tilted from the basal plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Bukowski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Damian Rybicki
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Babij
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Przewoźnik
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gondek
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Żukrowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Czesław Kapusta
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Rai BK, O'Rourke P, Roy UN. Review on crystal structures and magnetic properties of RTX3materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:273002. [PMID: 35439742 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The structural and compositional diversity of theRTX3family of materials offers various magnetic and thermodynamic properties such as complex magnetic structure, vibronic bound states, heavy-fermions, valence fluctuations, metamagnetism, spin glass behavior, quantum criticality, and unconventional superconductivity. Here we present an overview of the crystal structures, crystal growth and magnetic properties ofRTX3compounds as well as a discussion of the relevant physics. The magnetic properties of several compounds of theRTX3family still remain unexplored. The compounds with a complex magnetic structure could potentially host exotic topological phases. This review article may help explore exotic magnetic properties such as the vibron state and topological spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod K Rai
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808 United States of America
| | - Patrick O'Rourke
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808 United States of America
| | - Utpal N Roy
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808 United States of America
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7
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Kumar Singh A, Sarkar S, Peter SC. Diversity in Crystal Structure and Physical Properties of RETX 3 (RE - Rare Earth, T - Transition Metal, X - Main Group Element) Intermetallics. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100317. [PMID: 35174953 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rare Earth (re) based intermetallics are a fascinating class of inorganic compounds due to the presence of highly localized f-electrons. Among the ternary intermetallics, RETX3 (RE - Rare Earth, T - Transition metals, X - 13-15th elements of the main groups) is one of the most widely studied RE-based intermetallic families in terms of diverse crystal structures as well as physical properties. This perspective presents a brief account of different structural variations observed in this family of compounds. We have also discussed structure-property correlations in selected compounds in this series that show interesting physical properties such as spin-glass behavior, superconductivity, heavy fermion behavior, Kondo behavior, etc. The origin of different physical properties of these compounds is also discussed in brief by correlating their crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Jakkur, Bangalore, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumanta Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Jakkur, Bangalore, India.,New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 560064, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
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8
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Parfenov OE, Averyanov DV, Sokolov IS, Taldenkov AN, Karateev IA, Tokmachev AM, Storchak VG. High Carrier Mobility in a Layered Antiferromagnet Integrated with Silicon. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41926-41932. [PMID: 34436853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coupling various functional properties in one material is always a challenge, more so if the material should be nanostructured for practical applications. Magnetism and high carrier mobility are key components for spintronic applications but rather difficult to bundle together. Here, we establish EuAl2Si2 as a layered antiferromagnet supporting high carrier mobility. Its topotactic synthesis via a sacrificial two-dimensional template results in epitaxial nanoscale films on silicon. Their outstanding structural quality and atomically sharp interfaces are demonstrated by diffraction and microscopy techniques. EuAl2Si2 films exhibit extreme magnetoresistance and a carrier mobility of above 10,000 cm2 V-1 s-1. The marriage of these properties and magnetism makes EuAl2Si2 a promising spintronic material. Importantly, the seamless integration of EuAl2Si2 with silicon technology is particularly appealing for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg E Parfenov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Averyanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sokolov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Taldenkov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Karateev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey M Tokmachev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G Storchak
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Devlin KP, Zhang J, Fettinger JC, Choi ES, Hauble AK, Taufour V, Hermann RP, Kauzlarich SM. Deconvoluting the Magnetic Structure of the Commensurately Modulated Quinary Zintl Phase Eu 11-xSr xZn 4Sn 2As 12. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5711-5723. [PMID: 33784079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure, magnetic properties, and 151Eu and 119Sn Mössbauer spectra of the solid-solution Eu11-xSrxZn4Sn2As12 are presented. A new commensurately modulated structure is described for Eu11Zn4Sn2As12 (R3m space group, average structure) that closely resembles the original structural description in the monoclinic C2/c space group with layers of Eu, puckered hexagonal Zn2As3 sheets, and Zn2As6 ethane-like isolated pillars. The solid-solution Eu11-xSrxZn4Sn2As12 (0 < x < 10) is found to crystallize in the commensurately modulated R3 space group, related to the parent phase but lacking the mirror symmetry. Eu11Zn4Sn2As12 orders with a saturation plateau at 1 T for 7 of the 11 Eu2+ cations ferromagnetically coupled (5 K) and shows colossal magnetoresistance at 15 K. The magnetic properties of Eu11Zn4Sn2As12 are investigated at higher fields, and the ferromagnetic saturation of all 11 Eu2+ cations occurs at ∼8 T. The temperature-dependent magnetic properties of the solid solution were investigated, and a nontrivial structure-magnetization correlation is revealed. The temperature-dependent 151Eu and 119Sn Mössbauer spectra confirm that the europium atoms in the structure are all Eu2+ and that the tin is consistent with an oxidation state of less than four in the intermetallic region. The spectral areas of both Eu(II) and Sn increase at the magnetic transition, indicating a magnetoelastic effect upon magnetic ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey P Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Eun Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Ashlee K Hauble
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Valentin Taufour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Raphael P Hermann
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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