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Xu S, Chen T, Yu J, Wan L, Zhang J, Chen J, Wei W, Li X. Insights into the regulatory role of epigenetics in moyamoya disease: Current advances and future prospectives. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102281. [PMID: 39188306 PMCID: PMC11345382 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder that predominantly affecting East Asian populations. The intricate interplay of distinct and overlapping mechanisms, including genetic associations such as the RNF213-p.R4810K variant, contributes to the steno-occlusive lesions and moyamoya vessels. However, genetic mutations alone do not fully elucidate the occurrence of MMD, suggesting a potential role for epigenetic factors. Accruing evidence has unveiled the regulatory role of epigenetic markers, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), in regulating pivotal cellular and molecular processes implicated in the pathogenesis of MMD by modulating endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The profile of these epigenetic markers in cerebral vasculatures and circulation has been determined to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated the multifaceted effects of modulating specific epigenetic markers on MMD pathogenesis. These findings hold great potential for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, translational studies, and clinical applications. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs, in the context of MMD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxiang Xu
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tongyu Chen
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Brain Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sino-Italian Ascula Brain Science Joint Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Sukreet S, Rafii MS, Rissman RA. From understanding to action: Exploring molecular connections of Down syndrome to Alzheimer's disease for targeted therapeutic approach. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12580. [PMID: 38623383 PMCID: PMC11016820 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is caused by a third copy of chromosome 21. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Both disorders have elevated Aβ, tau, dysregulated immune response, and inflammation. In people with DS, Hsa21 genes like APP and DYRK1A are overexpressed, causing an accumulation of amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles, and potentially contributing to an increased risk of AD. As a result, people with DS are a key demographic for research into AD therapeutics and prevention. The molecular links between DS and AD shed insights into the underlying causes of both diseases and highlight potential therapeutic targets. Also, using biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring is an active area of research, and genetic screening for high-risk individuals may enable earlier intervention. Finally, the fundamental mechanistic parallels between DS and AD emphasize the necessity for continued research into effective treatments and prevention measures for DS patients at risk for AD. Genetic screening with customized therapy approaches may help the DS population in current clinical studies and future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sukreet
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael S. Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department Physiology and Neuroscience, Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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Dorschel KB, Wanebo JE. Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of the molecular and cellular biology of angiogenesis and inflammation in moyamoya angiopathy and related vascular diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:661611. [PMID: 37273690 PMCID: PMC10236939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.661611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) remain largely unknown. MMA is a progressive, occlusive cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; with compensatory formation of an abnormal network of perforating blood vessels that creates a collateral circulation; and by aberrant angiogenesis at the base of the brain. Imbalance of angiogenic and vasculogenic mechanisms has been proposed as a potential cause of MMA. Moyamoya vessels suggest that aberrant angiogenic, arteriogenic, and vasculogenic processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of MMA. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells have been hypothesized to contribute to vascular remodeling in MMA. MMA is associated with increased expression of angiogenic factors and proinflammatory molecules. Systemic inflammation may be related to MMA pathogenesis. Objective This literature review describes the molecular mechanisms associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction, aberrant angiogenesis, and inflammation in MMA and related cerebrovascular diseases along with treatment strategies and future research perspectives. Methods and results References were identified through a systematic computerized search of the medical literature from January 1, 1983, through July 29, 2022, using the PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS Previews, CNKI, ISI web of science, and Medline databases and various combinations of the keywords "moyamoya," "angiogenesis," "anastomotic network," "molecular mechanism," "physiology," "pathophysiology," "pathogenesis," "biomarker," "genetics," "signaling pathway," "blood-brain barrier," "endothelial progenitor cells," "endothelial function," "inflammation," "intracranial hemorrhage," and "stroke." Relevant articles and supplemental basic science articles almost exclusively published in English were included. Review of the reference lists of relevant publications for additional sources resulted in 350 publications which met the study inclusion criteria. Detection of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines in MMA patients suggests the hypothesis of aberrant angiogenesis being involved in MMA pathogenesis. It remains to be ascertained whether these findings are consequences of MMA or are etiological factors of MMA. Conclusions MMA is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising various genotypes and phenotypes, with a complex pathophysiology. Additional research may advance our understanding of the pathophysiology involved in aberrant angiogenesis, arterial stenosis, and the formation of moyamoya collaterals and anastomotic networks. Future research will benefit from researching molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms and the correlation of clinical and basic research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Dorschel
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University Medical School, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John E. Wanebo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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Amasi-Hartoonian N, Pariante CM, Cattaneo A, Sforzini L. Understanding treatment-resistant depression using "omics" techniques: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:423-455. [PMID: 36103934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) results in huge healthcare costs and poor patient clinical outcomes. Most studies have adopted a "candidate mechanism" approach to investigate TRD pathogenesis, however this is made more challenging due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of this condition. High-throughput "omics" technologies can provide a more holistic view and further insight into the underlying mechanisms involved in TRD development, expanding knowledge beyond already-identified mechanisms. This systematic review assessed the information from studies that examined TRD using hypothesis-free omics techniques. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched on July 2022. 37 human studies met the eligibility criteria, totalling 17,518 TRD patients, 571,402 healthy controls and 62,279 non-TRD depressed patients (including antidepressant responders and untreated MDD patients). RESULTS Significant findings were reported that implicate the role in TRD of various molecules, including polymorphisms, genes, mRNAs and microRNAs. The pathways most commonly reported by the identified studies were involved in immune system and inflammation, neuroplasticity, calcium signalling and neurotransmitters. LIMITATIONS Small sample sizes, variability in defining TRD, and heterogeneity in study design and methodology. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insight into TRD pathophysiology, proposing future research directions for novel drug targets and potential biomarkers for clinical staging and response to antidepressants (citalopram/escitalopram in particular) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Further validation is warranted in large prospective studies using standardised TRD criteria. A multi-omics and systems biology strategy with a collaborative effort will likely deliver robust findings for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nare Amasi-Hartoonian
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Carmine Maria Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Sforzini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
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Kang K, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Lu J, Ju Y, Ji R, Li N, Wu J, Yang B, Lin J, Liang X, Zhang D, Zhao X. MicroRNA Expression in Circulating Leukocytes and Bioinformatic Analysis of Patients With Moyamoya Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:816919. [PMID: 35669195 PMCID: PMC9163834 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.816919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes had been implicated differentially expressed in patient with moyamoya disease (MMD), but the miRNAs expression in circulating leukocytes remains unclear. This study was investigated on the differential expression of miRNAs in peripheral leukocytes between MMD patients and healthy adults, and among patients with subtypes of MMD.Materials and methods: A total of 30 patients with MMD and 10 healthy adults were enrolled in a stroke center from October 2017 to December 2018. The gene microarray was used to detect the differential expression profiles of miRNA in leukocytes between MMD patients and controls, and the differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by the method of real-time PCR. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to explore the key signaling pathways and possible pathogenesis of MMD.Results: The microarray results showed 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in leukocytes of MMD patients compared with controls (fold change >2.0, p < 0.05 and FDR <0.05), of which 8 miRNAs were upregulated (miRNA-142-5p, miRNA-29b-3p, miRNA-424-5p, MiRNA-582-5p, miRNA-6807-5p, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-340-5p, miRNA-4270), and 4 miRNAs were downregulated (miRNA-144-3p, miRNA-451a, miRNA-486-5p, miRNA-363-3p). The real-time PCR confirmed seven differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05), of which 4 miRNAs (miRNA-29b-3p, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-340-5p, miRNA-582-5p) were upregulated, and 3 miRNAs (miRNA-363-3p, miRNA-451a and miRNA-486-5p) were downregulated. Both GO and KEGG analysis suggested that the Wnt signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of MMD. In addition, miRNAs were also differentially expressed among patients with subtypes of MMD.Conclusion: This study indicated that miRNAs are differentially expressed in peripheral leukocytes between MMD patients and healthy adults, and among patients with subtypes of MMD. The Wnt signaling pathway is probably involved in the pathogenesis of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijiang Kang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ju
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxi Lin
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhong Liang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingquan Zhao, ; Dong Zhang,
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingquan Zhao, ; Dong Zhang,
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Novel candidate genes for ECT response prediction-a pilot study analyzing the DNA methylome of depressed patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:114. [PMID: 32727556 PMCID: PMC7388224 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a serious global health concern. The urge for efficient MDD treatment strategies is presently hindered by the incomplete knowledge of its underlying pathomechanism. Despite recent progress (highlighting both genetics and the environment, and thus DNA methylation, to be relevant for its development), 30–50% of MDD patients still fail to reach remission with standard treatment approaches. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most powerful options for the treatment of pharmacoresistant depression; nevertheless, ECT remission rates barely reach 50% in large-scale naturalistic population-based studies. To optimize MDD treatment strategies and enable personalized medicine in the long- term, prospective indicators of ECT response are thus in great need. Because recent target-driven analyses revealed DNA methylation baseline differences between ECT responder groups, we analyzed the DNA methylome of depressed ECT patients using next-generation sequencing. In this pilot study, we did not only aim to find novel targets for ECT response prediction but also to get a deeper insight into its possible mechanism of action. Results Longitudinal DNA methylation analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a cohort of treatment-resistant MDD patients (n = 12; time points: before and after 1st and last ECT, respectively) using a TruSeq-Methyl Capture EPIC Kit for library preparation, led to the following results: (1) The global DNA methylation differed neither between the four measured time points nor between ECT responders (n = 8) and non-responders (n = 4). (2) Analyzing the DNA methylation variance for every probe (=1476812 single CpG sites) revealed eight novel candidate genes to be implicated in ECT response (protein-coding genes: RNF175, RNF213, TBC1D14, TMC5, WSCD1; genes encoding for putative long non-coding RNA transcripts: AC018685.2, AC098617.1, CLCN3P1). (3) In addition, DNA methylation of two CpG sites (located within AQP10 and TRERF1) was found to change during the treatment course. Conclusions We suggest ten novel candidate genes to be implicated in either ECT response or its possible mechanism. Because of the small sample size of our pilot study, our findings must be regarded as preliminary.
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Mikami T, Suzuki H, Komatsu K, Mikuni N. Influence of Inflammatory Disease on the Pathophysiology of Moyamoya Disease and Quasi-moyamoya Disease. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2019; 59:361-370. [PMID: 31281171 PMCID: PMC6796064 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2019-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is a unique cerebrovascular disease that is characterized by progressive bilateral stenotic alteration at the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries. These changes induce the formation of an abnormal vascular network composed of collateral pathways known as moyamoya vessels. In quasi-moyamoya disease, a similar stenotic vascular abnormality is associated with an underlying disease, which is sometimes an inflammatory disease. Recent advances in moyamoya disease research implicate genetic background and immunological mediators, and postulate an association with inflammatory disease as a cause of, or progressive factor in, quasi-moyamoya disease. Although this disease has well-defined clinical and radiological characteristics, the role of inflammation has not been rigorously explored. Herein, we focused on reviewing two main themes: (1) molecular biology of inflammation in moyamoya disease, and (2) clinical significance of inflammation in quasi-moyamoya disease. We have summarized the findings of the former theme according to the following topics: (1) inflammatory biomarkers, (2) genetic background of inflammatory response, (3) endothelial progenitor cells, and (4) noncoding ribonucleic acids. Under the latter theme, we summarized the findings according to the following topics: (1) influence of inflammatory disease, (2) vascular remodeling, and (3) mechanisms gleaned from clinical cases. This review includes articles published up to February 2019 and provides novel insights for the treatment of the moyamoya disease and quasi-moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hime Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University
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Sung HY, Lee JY, Park AK, Moon YJ, Jo I, Park EM, Wang KC, Phi JH, Ahn JH, Kim SK. Aberrant Promoter Hypomethylation of Sortilin 1: A Moyamoya Disease Biomarker. J Stroke 2018; 20:350-361. [PMID: 30309230 PMCID: PMC6186926 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2018.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) remains poorly understood, and no reliable molecular biomarkers for MMD have been identified to date. The present study aimed to identify epigenetic biomarkers for use in the diagnosis of MMD. METHODS We performed integrated analyses of gene expression profiles and DNA methylation profiles in endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) from three patients with MMD and two healthy individuals. Candidate gene mRNA expression and DNA methylation status were further validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and pyrosequencing analysis of an expanded ECFC sample set from nine patients with MMD and ten controls. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the potential biomarkers identified here using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and further measured major angiogenic factor expression levels using a tube formation assay and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Five candidate genes were selected via integrated analysis; all five were upregulated by hypomethylation of specific promoter CpG sites. After further validation in an expanded sample set, we identified a candidate biomarker gene, sortilin 1 (SORT1). DNA methylation status at a specific SORT1 promoter CpG site in ECFCs readily distinguished patients with MMD from the normal controls with high accuracy (area under the curve 0.98, sensitivity 83.33%, specificity 100%). Furthermore, SORT1 overexpression suppressed endothelial cell tube formation and modulated major angiogenic factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, implying SORT1 involvement in MMD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION s Our findings suggest that DNA methylation status at the SORT1 promoter CpG site may be a potential biomarker for MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae Kyung Park
- Suncheon National University College of Pharmacy, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Youn Joo Moon
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Uchino H, Ito M, Kazumata K, Hama Y, Hamauchi S, Terasaka S, Sasaki H, Houkin K. Circulating miRNome profiling in Moyamoya disease-discordant monozygotic twins and endothelial microRNA expression analysis using iPS cell line. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:72. [PMID: 30157848 PMCID: PMC6114494 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by progressive stenosis of intracranial arteries in the circle of Willis with unknown etiology even after the identification of a Moyamoya susceptible gene, RNF213. Recently, differences in epigenetic regulations have been investigated by a case-control study in MMD. Here, we employed a disease discordant monozygotic twin-based study design to unmask potential confounders. Methods Circulating genome-wide microRNA (miRNome) profiling was performed in MMD-discordant monozygotic twins, non-twin-MMD patients, and non-MMD healthy volunteers by microarray followed by qPCRvalidation, using blood samples. Differential plasma-microRNAs were further quantified in endothelial cells differentiated from iPS cell lines (iPSECs) derived from another independent non-twin cohort. Lastly, their target gene expression in the iPSECs was analyzed. Results Microarray detected 309 plasma-microRNAs in MMD-discordant monozygotic twins that were also detected in the non-twin cohort. Principal component analysis of the plasma-microRNA expression level demonstrated distinct 2 groups separated by MMD and healthy control in the twin- and non-twin cohorts. Of these, differential upregulations of hsa-miR-6722-3p/− 328-3p were validated in the plasma of MMD (absolute log2 expression fold change (logFC) > 0.26 for the twin cohort; absolute logFC > 0.26, p < 0.05, and q < 0.15 for the non-twin cohort). In MMD derived iPSECs, hsa-miR-6722-3p/− 328-3p showed a trend of up-regulation with a 3.0- or higher expression fold change. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 41 target genes of miR-6722-3p/− 328-3p were significantly down-regulated in MMD derived iPSECs and were involved in STAT3, IGF-1-, and PTEN-signaling, suggesting a potential microRNA-gene expression interaction between circulating plasma and endothelial cells. Conclusions Our MMD-discordant monozygotic twin-based study confirmed a novel circulating microRNA signature in MMD as a potential diagnostic biomarker minimally confounded by genetic heterogeneity. The novel circulating microRNA signature can contribute for the future functional microRNA analysis to find new diagnostic and therapeutic target of MMD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0385-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruto Uchino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Ken Kazumata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Yuka Hama
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuji Hamauchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Terasaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Houkin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
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Zhao Y, Jaber V, Percy ME, Lukiw WJ. A microRNA cluster (let-7c, miRNA-99a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-155 and miRNA-802) encoded at chr21q21.1-chr21q21.3 and the phenotypic diversity of Down's syndrome (DS; trisomy 21). JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e446. [PMID: 28959732 PMCID: PMC5613287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and cognitive deficit attributable to a naturally-occurring abnormality of gene dosage. DS is caused by a triplication of all or part of human chromosome 21 (chr21) and currently there are no effective treatments for this incapacitating disorder of neurodevelopment. First described by the English physician John Langdon Down in 1862, propelled by the invention of karyotype analytical techniques in the early 1950s and the discovery in 1959 by the French geneticist Jerome Lejune that DS resulted from an extra copy of chr21, DS was the first neurological disorder linking a chromosome dosage imbalance to a defect in intellectual development with ensuing cognitive disruption. Especially over the last 60 years, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that DS is not an easily defined disease entity but rather possesses a remarkably wide variability in the 'phenotypic spectrum' associated with this trisomic disorder. This commentary describes the presence of a 5 member cluster of chr21-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) that includes let-7c, miRNA-99a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-155 and miRNA-802 located on the long arm of human chr21, spanning the chr21q21.1-chr21q21.3 region and flanking the beta amyloid precursor (βAPP) gene, and reviews the potential contribution of these 5 miRNAs to the remarkably diverse DS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Maire E. Percy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Alexandrov PN, Percy ME, Lukiw WJ. Chromosome 21-Encoded microRNAs (mRNAs): Impact on Down's Syndrome and Trisomy-21 Linked Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:769-774. [PMID: 28687876 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Down's syndrome (DS; also known as trisomy 21; T21) is caused by a triplication of all or part of human chromosome 21 (chr21). DS is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability attributable to a naturally-occurring imbalance in gene dosage. DS incurs huge medical, healthcare, and socioeconomic costs, and there are as yet no effective treatments for this incapacitating human neurogenetic disorder. There is a remarkably wide variability in the 'phenotypic spectrum' associated with DS; the progression of symptoms and the age of DS onset fluctuate, and there is further variability in the biophysical nature of the chr21 duplication. Besides the cognitive disruptions and dementia in DS patients other serious health problems such as atherosclerosis, altered lipogenesis, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease), autoimmune disease, various cancers including lymphoma, leukemia, glioma and glioblastoma, status epilepticus, congenital heart disease, hypotonia, manic depression, prostate cancer, Usher syndrome, motor disorders, Hirschsprung disease, and various physical anomalies such as early aging occur at elevated frequencies, and all are part of the DS 'phenotypic spectrum.' This communication will review the genetic link between these fore-mentioned diseases and a small group of just five stress-associated microRNAs (miRNAs)-that include let-7c, miRNA-99a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-155, and miRNA-802-encoded and clustered on the long arm of human chr21 and spanning the chr21q21.1-chr21q21.3 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Alexandrov
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 113152, Russian Federation
| | - M E Percy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada
- Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2272, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Kazumata K, Ito M, Uchino H, Nishihara H, Houkin K. Proposal for a Prospective Registry for Moyamoya Disease in Japan. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:66-72. [PMID: 28070115 PMCID: PMC5341342 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.st.2016-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of clinical research papers published worldwide on moyamoya disease (MMD) has increased recently. However, the majority of the literature comprises retrospective single-center studies collecting data on small numbers of patients. Several multi-center studies are ongoing in Japan; however, the current data are insufficient for comprehensively outlining the various characteristics of MMD. To enhance our knowledge on epidemiologic, vascular, and genetic aspects of MMD, a prospective multicenter registry will be established in Japan that will help to streamline clinical research as well as improve clinical treatments and long-term outcomes. Patients with MMD or secondary moyamoya syndrome referred to the participating centers will be invited to the registry. Demographic and physiological parameters, along with neuroimaging data will be collected chronologically. Clinical events, including neurological, medical, and surgical interventions will be recorded. Whole blood samples will be collected. Extra- and intracranial vascular tissue, and/or cerebrospinal fluid will also be collected from patients who undergo surgical revascularization. These biospecimens will be stored at the repositories and utilized for genome-wide association studies for identifying genetic variants, as well as tissue-specific proteomic, and/or molecular analyses. Ethics approval will be obtained at all facilities collecting biospecimens. The registry will provide descriptive statistics on functional outcomes, surgical techniques used, medications, and neurological events stratified according to patients’ clinical characteristics. We expect this study to provide novel insights in the management of MMD patients and design better therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kazumata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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