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Takahashi Y, Morisaki A, Sakon Y, Nishiya K, Inno G, Kawase T, Nishimoto Y, Nagao M, Kishimoto N, Noda K, Shibata T. Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of the mitral annulus for mitral annuloplasty in 100 cases of robotic mitral valve repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1369801. [PMID: 39323752 PMCID: PMC11422080 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1369801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative computed tomography in assessing mitral annulus anatomy and the posterior annular plication rate in mitral valve repair with annuloplasty. Methods From July 2018 to August 2023, we performed robotic mitral valve repair with ring annuloplasty using a semi-rigid ring in 100 patients. Preoperative anatomical assessment of the mitral annulus was conducted by three-dimensional computed tomography. The ring size was selected based on the perioperative commissure-to-commissure length or the anterior leaflet area. Results The mean commissure-to-commissure length, posterior mitral annular length, and minimum distance between the left circumflex artery and mitral annulus values were 31, 109, and 3.8 mm, respectively. No postoperative left circumflex artery injury or ring detachment was recorded. The mean plication rate (length of the posterior side of the prosthetic ring/posterior annular length) was 0.68, and it did not differ among each prosthetic ring size. The posterior plication rate (duplicate ring size 19.4) was a factor influencing the postoperative transmitral mean pressure gradient of 5 mmHg or higher. Freedom from moderate or severe mitral regurgitation was not different between the two groups above and below the posterior plication rate × ring size of 19.4 (p = 0.73), with an event-free rate of 97% vs. 96% in 3 years, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative evaluation of the mitral annular anatomy is useful for safe mitral valve repair with ring annuloplasty. Determining ring size by focusing on the posterior annular plication rate may be a new method for ring size selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akimasa Morisaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Sakon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Nishiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Goki Inno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawase
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Munehide Nagao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Postgraduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Kwon Y, Kim HJ, Kim JB, Kim HR, Yoo JS, Jung SH, Lee JW. Mitral valve repair with leaflet resection versus preservation for degenerative posterior leaflet prolapse. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00549-X. [PMID: 38964494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The optimal technique for repairing posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse remains undetermined. We aimed to compare leaflet resection and neochordae implantation in patients undergoing mitral valve repair for posterior leaflet prolapse, focusing on transmitral pressure gradient and recurrence of mitral regurgitation. METHODS We enrolled patients undergoing mitral valve repair using either leaflet resection or neochordae implantation for single-segment prolapse of posterior mitral valve leaflet between 2000 and 2021 at our institution. Longitudinal outcomes were evaluated after adjustments with inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting. Repeat echocardiographic measurements (n = 3473, 5.4/patient) of transmitral pressure gradient and significant (moderate or severe) mitral regurgitation recurrence were estimated using nonlinear mixed-effect models. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the size and type of prosthesis. RESULTS Among 639 patients, leaflet resection was used in 479 (75.0%) and neochordae implantation was used in 160 (25.0%). In the inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting adjusted cohort, the risk of death (P = .623) and mitral valve reoperation (P = .340) did not significantly differ between the 2 groups during a median follow-up of 97.3 months. Echocardiographic data showed comparable mean (at 5 years, 3.8 vs 4.0 mm Hg; P = .442) and peak (9.6 vs 10.4 mm Hg; P = .131) pressure gradients between groups, which persisted in most subgroup analyses. However, neochordae implantation was associated with a higher probability of significant mitral regurgitation recurrence compared with leaflet resection (at 5 years, 16.1% vs 7.0%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Leaflet resection yielded similar clinical outcomes and transmitral pressure gradients compared with neochordae implantation after mitral valve repair, with a lower mitral regurgitation recurrence rate. These findings underscore the need to reassess the efficacy of neochordae implantation relative to leaflet resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkern Kwon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Bum Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Rae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Suk Yoo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Buchoen, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wang C, Yang W, Shi Z, Fang Y. Renal function improvement correlates with 3D echocardiographic findings: Effect of surgical mitral valve repair. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024; 52:385-393. [PMID: 38344863 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR) and renal function is not sufficiently well-known. We tried to evaluate renal function before and after the procedure of surgical mitral valve repair (SMVR) in degenerative severe MR. METHODS Patients with primary severe (4+) MR and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that underwent SMVR, examined by a cutting-edge 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic probe were enrolled in this study. We took three CKD-EPI equations to measure estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before SMVR and shortly before patients discharge. A total of 40 patients with baseline lower mean eGFR were evaluated. RESULTS Measurements substantiated statistically significant improvements in eGFR (p < 0.001), multivariable linear regression modeling indicating prominent associations between increase in eGFR and decrease of MR (p = 0.003), decline of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (p = 0.018), as well as increment of forward stroke volume (p = 0.02), in spite of LVEF reduction, left ventricular global longitudinal strain worsening and left atrial ejection fraction impairment. CONCLUSIONS Renal function improves after SMVR in patients with degenerative significant MR and preserved LVEF, regardless of cardiac functional worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tomšič A, Sandoval E, Meucci MC, Nabeta T, Castella M, Muro A, Klautz RJM, Ajmone Marsan N, Pereda D, Palmen M. The impact of annuloplasty ring or band implantation on post-repair mitral valve haemodynamic performance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad307. [PMID: 37688566 PMCID: PMC10517645 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical importance of optimal post-repair mitral valve diastolic performance is increasingly being recognized. The haemodynamic effect of a partial annuloplasty band implantation, in comparison to a full ring, remains insufficiently explored. METHODS Patients undergoing mitral valve repair for pure degenerative disease between 2011 and 2019 at 2 experienced heart valve centres were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were concomitant procedures other than tricuspid valve repair and ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation. Pre-discharge and follow-up echocardiograms (1-4 years after surgery) were analysed to assess haemodynamic mitral valve performance. RESULTS Of 535 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 364 (68.0%) patients underwent full annuloplasty ring and 171 (31.0%) partial band implantation. On predischarge echocardiogram, post-repair mitral valve gradient and area did not differ between groups [2.89 mmHg (IQR 2.26-3.72) vs 2.60 mmHg (IQR 1.91-3.55), P = 0.19 and 1.98 cm2 (IQR 1.66-2.46) vs 2.03 cm2 (IQR 1.55-3.06), P = 0.15]. However, multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated band annuloplasty as a determinant of larger valve area (coefficient 0.467 cm2, standard error 0.105, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, no significant impact on post-repair gradient was observed (-0.370 mmHg, standard error 0.167, P = 0.36). At follow-up, the differences between groups disappeared and multivariable regression analysis failed to demonstrate a significant impact of annuloplasty device type on mitral valve gradient (coefficient -0.095 mmHg, standard error 0.171, P = 1.00) or area (coefficient -0.085 cm2, standard error 0.120, P = 1.00). These results were confirmed with a linear mixed model analysis. CONCLUSIONS Partial band annuloplasty was related to an improved haemodynamic profile directly after valve repair for degenerative disease but the effect was short-lived. Our results suggest that the type of annuloplasty device has no durable impact on diastolic valve performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tomšič
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Elena Sandoval
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C Meucci
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Takeru Nabeta
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Castella
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Muro
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert J M Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Pereda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meindert Palmen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Rumman RK, Verma S, Chan V, Mazer D, Quan A, Hibino M, De Varennes B, Chu MWA, Latter D, Teoh H, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly KA. Predictors of mitral valve haemodynamics after mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Heart 2023; 109:866-873. [PMID: 36750353 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative predictors of functional mitral valve (MV) stenosis after surgical repair of mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by prolapse remain poorly characterised. This study evaluated the effect of annuloplasty size on postoperative MV haemodynamics during exercise and evaluated predictors of MV hemodynamics. METHODS 104 patients were randomly assigned to leaflet resection or preservation for surgical repair of MR in the Canadian Mitral Research Alliance CardioLink-2 study. In this post hoc analysis, we compared MV haemodynamics between the two surgical groups and examined the relationship between annuloplasty size and MV haemodynamics 1 year after repair in the combined groups. Echocardiograms were performed at baseline and intraoperatively. Exercise transthoracic echocardiography was performed 1 year postoperatively. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of exercise MV gradients at follow-up. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 65±10 years, and 83% were male. Median annuloplasty size was 34 (IQR 32-36). Dividing by the median, 48 (46%) had annuloplasty size of <34 mm and 56 (54%) had ≥34 mm. Mean and peak exercise gradients at 1 year were 11±5 mm Hg and 22±9 mm Hg in <34, and 6±3 mm Hg and 14±5 mm Hg in ≥34 (p<0.001). Rate of residual MR was similar in both groups. In multivariable analyses, annuloplasty size of ≥34 mm was associated with lower mean and peak exercise gradients at 12 months, after adjustment for repair type, age, sex, heart rate and body surface area (β -4.1, 95% CI -6 to -3, p<0.001, and β -7 95% CI -10 to -4, p<0.001, respectively). Intraoperative mean and peak MV gradients by transesophageal echocardiography independently predicted mean and peak resting and exercise gradients at follow-up (p<0.001). Similar results were obtained in both leaflet resection and preservation. CONCLUSION Annuloplasty size of ≥34 mm is associated with a 4 and 7 mm Hg reduction in mean and peak exercise MV gradients, respectively, 1 year post MV repair regardless of the repair strategy used. Intraoperative TEE MV gradients predict exercise MV gradients 1 year post repair. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02552771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan K Rumman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benoit De Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael W A Chu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Latter
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Hibino M, Pandey AK, Chan V, Mazer CD, Rumman R, Dhingra NK, Bonneau C, Verma R, Yokoyama Y, Quan A, Teoh H, Cheema A, de Varennes BE, Yanagawa B, Leong-Poi H, Connelly KA, Bisleri G, Verma S. Risk Factors for Postrepair Elevated Mitral Gradient: A Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 115:437-443. [PMID: 35779599 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predischarge elevated mean mitral gradients (>5 mm Hg) may occur after repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. We sought to identify risk factors associated with elevated gradients and to evaluate its impact on functional outcomes at 12 months in this subanalysis of the Canadian Mitral Research Alliance CardioLink-2 trial. METHODS One hundred four patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral repair were randomized to either a leaflet resection or preservation strategy. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with an elevated gradient. Functional outcomes at 12 months were compared between participants with and without elevated gradients. RESULTS Elevated gradients was identified in 15 participants (14.4%), which was not significantly different based on allocation to each repair strategy (P = .10). Patients with elevated gradients were more likely to be women (odds ratio [OR], 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-14.19; P = .02) and to have a lower preoperative hemoglobin level (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = .01) and smaller intercommissural diameter (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97; P = .02) and mitral annuloplasty size (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87; P = .001). The ratio of intercommissural diameter-to-annuloplasty size was similar between those with and without elevated gradients (both 0.8 ± 0.1, P = .69). At 12 months those with elevated gradients had a worse New York Heart Association functional status (P = .0001), lower peak oxygen saturation in exercise test (P = .01), smaller body weight-walk distance product (P = .02), and higher Borg scale (P = .01) in the 6-minute walk test. CONCLUSIONS Female gender, smaller mitral anatomy sizes, and lower preoperative hemoglobin levels were associated with postoperative elevated mitral gradients, which was in turn were associated with reduced functional status. Further research is warranted to investigate these potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincent Chan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rawan Rumman
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish K Dhingra
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Raj Verma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yujiro Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, St Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim Cheema
- Division of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoit E de Varennes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Surgical mitral valve repair technique considerations based on the available evidence. TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2022; 30:302-316. [PMID: 36168574 PMCID: PMC9473589 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2022.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitral valve regurgitation is the second most common valve disease in the western world. Surgery is currently the best tool for generating a long-lasting elimination of mitral valve regurgitation. However, the mitral valve apparatus is a complex anatomical and functional structure, and repair results and durability show substantial heterogeneity. This is not only due to differences in the underlying mitral valve regurgitation pathophysiology but also due to differences in repair techniques. Repair philosophies differ substantially from one surgeon to the other, and consensus for the technically best repair strategy has not been reached yet. We had previously addressed this topic by suggesting that ring sizing is "voodoo". We now review the available evidence regarding the various repair techniques described for structural and functional mitral valve regurgitation. Herein, we illustrate that for structural mitral valve regurgitation, resuspension of prolapsing valve segments or torn chordae with polytetrafluoroethylene sutures and annuloplasty can generate the most durable results paired with the best achievable hemodynamics. For functional mitral valve regurgitation, the evidence suggests that annuloplasty alone is insufficient in most cases to generate durable results, and additional subvalvular strategies are associated with improved durability and possibly improved clinical outcomes. This review addresses current strategies but also implausibilities in mitral valve repair and informs the mitral valve surgeon about the current evidence. We believe that this information may help improve outcomes in mitral valve repair as the heterogeneity of mitral valve regurgitation pathophysiology does not allow a one-size-fits-all concept.
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8
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Hiraoka A, Hayashida A, Totusgawa T, Toki M, Chikazawa G, Yoshitaka H, Sakaguchi T. Flow adjusted transmitral pressure gradient as a modified indicator of functional mitral stenosis after repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. J Card Surg 2022; 37:1827-1834. [PMID: 35234318 PMCID: PMC9311205 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim After repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR), the focus is on functional mitral stenosis (FMS) when there is a decline of mitral hemodynamics. Yet, the clinical impacts and a standardized definition are still undecided. Since common mitral hemodynamic parameters are influenced by transmitral flow, the aim of this study is to seek the impact of flow adjusted transmitral pressure gradient (TMPG) by left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) on the midterm outcomes. Methods Three hundred one patients who had undergone isolated mitral valve repair for degenerative lesions with annuloplasty prosthesis between October 2012 and June 2019 were included. Postoperative adverse events occurred in 20 patients (6.6%). Flow adjusted TMPG was defined as TMPG/LVSV. Results Common mitral hemodynamic parameters were not associated with adverse events. By multivariable analysis, patients’ age, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mean TMPG/LVSV were isolated as independent predictors (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.05, 0.95, and 1.16; p = .037, .005, and .035). Flow adjusted TMPG was significantly higher in the full ring group compared to the partial band group (0.051 mmHg/ml, [0.038–0.068] vs. 0.041 mmHg/ml, [0.031–0.056]; p < .001) and had a significantly negative correlation with the size of the annuloplasty prosthesis (r = −0.37, p < .001). Conclusions Conventional mitral hemodynamic parameters were not associated with adverse cardiac events after repair for DMR. Adjustment by flow has a potential to advance pressure gradient to a more sensitive indicator of FMS associated with clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arudo Hiraoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshinori Totusgawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Misako Toki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Genta Chikazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshitaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
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9
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Surgery for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Comprehensive LVOT Management beyond Septal Myectomy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194397. [PMID: 34640415 PMCID: PMC8509570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex, underestimated, multifaceted disease frequently associated with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. It is clearly demonstrated that this is due not only to septal hypertrophy but also to systolic anterior motion (SAM) of mitral valve leaflets secondary to mitral valve/subvalvular apparatus abnormalities. Surgical treatment involves performing an extended septal myectomy, eventually followed by ancillary procedures to those structures responsible for maintaining LVOT obstruction, if necessary. In this review, we describe the spectrum of possible surgical techniques beyond septal myectomy and their pathophysiologic rationale.
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10
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Reshmi JL, Gopan G, Varma PK, Thushara M, Sudheer VB, Madavathazhathil RG, Jayant A. Transesophageal Echocardiographic Assessment of the Repaired Mitral Valve: A Proposed Decision Pathway. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 26:68-82. [PMID: 34470530 DOI: 10.1177/10892532211036655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The indications for mitral valve repair extend across the entire spectrum of degenerative mitral valve disease, ranging from fibroelastic degeneration to Barlow's disease. Collaboration between the surgeon and anesthesiologist is essential for ensuring optimal results. Echocardiographic assessment of the repair can be challenging but is essential to the success of the procedure, as even mild residual mitral regurgitation can portend poor patient outcomes. In addition to determining the severity of residual regurgitation, the anesthesiologist must elucidate the mechanism of disease in order to inform appropriate re-intervention measures. Finally, there are unique complications of mitral valve surgery for the anesthesiologist to understand and assess by echocardiography. This review describes a systematic pathway for a comprehensive intraoperative assessment of the mitral valve following surgical repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Liza Reshmi
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G Gopan
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Madathil Thushara
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vanga Babu Sudheer
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Aveek Jayant
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Yamazaki S, Doi K, Numata S, Yamano T, Yamano M, Teramukai S, Yaku H. Stress Echocardiography after Mitral Valve Repair using a Semirigid Partial Band. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:126-132. [PMID: 34480894 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduction in exercise capacity following mitral valve repair (MVr) for severe degenerative mitral regurgitation is an unsolved issue. This study aimed to evaluate hemodynamics after MVr using a partial semirigid band during exercise stress echocardiography and identify predictive factors for achieving better exercise capacity after MVr. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients using exercise stress echocardiography within 5 years of having undergone MVr using a partial semirigid band between 2013 and 2019. Values of maximal workload were converted into numbers of metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved for each patient. Age- and gender-predicted METs (eMETs) were obtained, and %eMETs (achieved METs/eMETs × 100) were calculated. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of %eMETs. RESULTS Only one-third of patients achieved eMETs. Significant determinants of %eMETs were age at exercise stress echocardiography (β coefficient, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.96; p<0.001), female sex (β coefficient, 16.9; 95% confidence interval, 8.58-25.17; p<0.001), and larger indexed device size (device size/body surface area; β coefficient, 4.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-6.46; p=0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a cut-off value of ≥19.5 mm/m2 indexed device size was optimal for achieving %eMETs >100%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients with larger indexed device size achieved greater exercise capacity after MVr using a partial semirigid band. Preoperative evaluation to decide whether we can use an annuloplasty device larger than 19.5 mm/m2 may be important for patients who intend to exercise with high intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Doi
- Department of General and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yamano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyo Yamano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Tomšič A, Hiemstra YL, Arabkhani B, Mertens BJA, van Brakel TJ, Versteegh MIM, Marsan NA, Klautz RJM, Palmen M. Risk factors and clinical significance of elevated mitral valve gradient following valve repair for degenerative disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 57:293-299. [PMID: 31203374 PMCID: PMC6964229 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tomšič
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yasmine L Hiemstra
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bardia Arabkhani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Mertens
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J van Brakel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel I M Versteegh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert J M Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Meindert Palmen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a critical review of the application and outcomes of surgical edge-to-edge (E2E) or Alfieri repair for mitral valvulopathy. RECENT FINDINGS The E2E repair is a surgical technique to address mitral regurgitation, particularly suited when the responsible mechanism is bileaflet prolapse combined with enlarged annular area. It can also be used for a range of mitral valve pathologies. Surgically, the technique has been employed as a bailout for unsuccessful repair including residual mitral regurgitation because of systolic anterior motion (SAM). E2E repair should be accompanied by a ring annuloplasty for long-term repair durability. The simplicity of this approach makes it an ideal strategy during minimally-invasive mitral valve repair. It may also be performed via a transaortic approach at the time of aortic valve surgery to address less-than-severe mitral regurgitation or to address residual SAM following myectomy for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. We review the surgical indication, potential complications including risk of mitral stenosis and the long-term outcomes of E2E repair. SUMMARY The E2E surgical repair is a simple and effective surgical strategy to address a wide range of mitral regurgitation. This is an important technique in the surgical armamentarium especially in cases of minimally-invasive mitral valve surgery.
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El-Eshmawi A, Sun E, Boateng P, Pandis D, Rimsukcharoenchai C, Anyanwu A, Adams DH. Lessons from reoperations for mitral stenosis after mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:937-946. [PMID: 33431213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of mitral valve repair (MVr) is usually defined by the absence of recurrent significant mitral regurgitation. Postrepair mitral stenosis (MS) is a less frequent and less studied mode of failure of MVr. We analyzed our experience in patients who underwent reoperation for postrepair MS to characterize mechanisms resulting in MS and to summarize reoperative surgical strategies and mid-term outcomes. METHODS Using a prospective database, we retrospectively analyzed data on 35 consecutive patients who underwent reoperation for symptomatic moderate to severe MS between January 1, 2011, and February 1, 2020. RESULTS The mean patient age was 61.4 ± 11.4 years, and 69% were female. The median annuloplasty ring size used at the initial repair was 28 mm (interquartile range, 26-30 mm). Additional repair techniques at the initial operation included leaflet resection in 12 patients (34%) and commissuroplasty or edge-to-edge repair in 6 patients (18%). At reoperation, the most common mechanism of MS was pannus ingrowth in 20 patients (57%), leaflet calcification in 12 (34%), commissural fusion in 5 (14%), and tunnel effect (functional MS) in 3 (9%). Twenty-two patients (63%) underwent valve replacement, and 13 (37%) underwent valve re-repair. In patients who underwent re-repair, annuloplasty revision was performed in all patients, with 6 patients (46%) converted from complete ring to band, 4 (11%) converted from ring to pericardial annuloplasty, 2 (6%) converted to no annuloplasty, and 1 (8%) with annuloplasty ring upsizing. There were no in-hospital or 1-year mortalities. Survival at the 5-year follow-up was 93.9%. CONCLUSIONS MS causing late failure of MVr is frequently associated with smaller ring sizes and inflammatory or calcific changes in the valve. Highly selected patients may be good candidates for mitral valve re-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Eshmawi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini, New York, NY.
| | - Erick Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini, New York, NY
| | - Percy Boateng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini, New York, NY
| | - Dimosthenis Pandis
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini, New York, NY
| | | | - Anelechi Anyanwu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini, New York, NY
| | - David H Adams
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sini, New York, NY
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Tonai K, Hiraoka A, Hayashida A, Totsugawa T, Chikazawa G, Yoshitaka H, Yoshida K, Sakaguchi T. Clinical Impact of Flow Adjusted Transmitral Pressure Gradient After Surgical Annuloplasty for Functional Mitral Regurgitation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:54-60. [PMID: 33596457 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Downsizing of mitral annulus due to mitral annuloplasty for ischemic functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) raises a new issue, functional mitral stenosis (FMS), defined as a decline of mitral hemodynamics. However, common mitral hemodynamic parameters are influenced by transmitral flow, therefore, the clinical impacts are still controversial. The aim of this study is to seek mitral hemodynamic indices (including transmitlra pressure gradient [TMPG] adjusted by left ventricular stroke volume [LVSV]) relevant to the mid-term outcomes after annuloplasty for ischemic functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). This study is a retrospective evaluation of mitral valve hemodynamic status by resting echocardiogram at several weeks after surgery. Eighty-one patients underwent mitral annuloplasty for ischemic FMR between September 2012 and June 2019. Postoperative adverse events occurred in 28 patients (34.6%), and the overall 5-year freedom from adverse events rate was 55.9%. Common mitral hemodynamic parameters were not associated with adverse events, but flow adjusted TMPG can be a correlative factor. By multivariable analysis, postoperative systolic pulmonary artery pressure and peak TMPG/LVSV were detected as independent predictors (adjusted hazard ratio 1.07 and 1.08, P < 0.001 and < 0.001). Additionally, risk stratification by peak TMPG (cut-off: 10 mm Hg) and LVSV (cut-off: 35 mL/m2) reflected the mid-term outcomes, perceptively (P = 0.007). Conventional mitral hemodynamic parameters were not associated with adverse cardiac events after annuloplasty for ischemic FMR. However, flow adjusted TMPG was identfied as an independent predictor, and risk stratification by peak TMPG and LVSV reflected the mid-term outcomes, perceptively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tonai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Arudo Hiraoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshinori Totsugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Genta Chikazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshitaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Taichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
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Sakaguchi T, Hiraoka A, Totsugawa T, Hayashida A, Ryomoto M, Sekiya N, Chikazawa G, Yoshitaka H. Clinical impact of the repair technique for posterior mitral leaflet prolapse: Resect or respect? J Card Surg 2021; 36:971-977. [PMID: 33428267 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Leaflet resection and chordal reconstruction are established repair techniques for posterior mitral valve (MV) prolapse. This study aimed to compare the clinical results of the resect and respect approaches, with a particular focus on MV hemodynamics. METHODS Overall, 291 patients who underwent elective MV repair for isolated posterior leaflet prolapse between 2012 and 2020 were enrolled. Patients who underwent leaflet resection alone were classified as the "resection" group (n = 166), while patients who underwent neochordal replacement with/without limited leaflet resection were classified as the "respect" group (n = 125). Early postoperative MV hemodynamics and midterm repair durability were compared between the groups. RESULTS The annuloplasty ring size was significantly larger in the respect group than in the resection group (31.0 ± 2.1 vs. 30.4 ± 2.0 mm, p = .028). The respect group showed significantly lower mean MV gradient (2.6 ± 1.1 vs. 3.0 ± 1.4 mmHg, p = .03) and larger effective orifice area (EOA) (1.86 ± 0.48 vs. 1.66 ± 0.47 cm2 , p < .001) than the resection group. Multivariable analysis identified the respect approach, younger age, female sex, larger ring size, and partial band as independent determinants of larger EOA. The rate of freedom from moderate or greater recurrent mitral regurgitation 5 years postoperatively was 90.9% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The respect approach allowed for a lower MV gradient and a larger EOA than the resection approach, which is possibly due to the capability of implanting a larger annuloplasty ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Arudo Hiraoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshinori Totsugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ryomoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naosumi Sekiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Genta Chikazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshitaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
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Gooden SCM, Hatoum H, Zhang W, Boudoulas KD, Dasi LP. Multiple MitraClips: The balancing act between pressure gradient and regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:1319-1327.e1. [PMID: 32711989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcatheter mitral valve repair with the MitraClip is used for the symptomatic management of mitral regurgitation (MR). The challenge is reducing MR while avoiding an elevated mitral valve gradient (MVG). This study assesses how multiple MitraClips used to treat MR can affect valve performance. METHODS Six porcine mitral valves were assessed using an in vitro left heart simulator in the native, moderate-to-severe MR, and severe MR cases. MR cases were tested in the no-MitraClip, 1-MitraClip, and 2-MitraClip configurations. Mitral regurgitant fraction (MRF), MVG, and effective orifice area (EOA) were quantified. RESULTS Native MRF, MVG, and EOA were 14.22%, 2.59 mm Hg, and 1.64 cm2, respectively. For moderate-to-severe MR, MRF, MVG, and EOA were 34.07%, 3.31 mm Hg, and 2.22 cm2, respectively. Compared with the no-MitraClip case, 1 MitraClip decreased MRF to 18.57% (P < .0001) and EOA to 1.50 cm2 (P = .0002). MVG remained statistically unchanged (3.44 mm Hg). Two MitraClips decreased MRF to 14.26% (P < .0001) and EOA to 1.36 cm2 (P = .0001). MVG remained unchanged (3.29 mm Hg). For severe MR, MRF, MVG, and EOA were 59.79%, 4.98 mm Hg, and 2.73 cm2, respectively. Compared with the no-MitraClip case, 1 MitraClip decreased MRF to 30.72% (P < .0001) and EOA to 1.82 cm2 (P < .0001); MVG remained unchanged (4.03 mm Hg). MVG remained statistically unchanged. Two MitraClips decreased MRF to 23.10% (P < .0001) and EOA to 1.58 cm2 (P < .0001); MVG remained statistically unchanged (3.82 mm Hg). Both MR models yielded no statistical difference between 1 and 2 MitraClips. CONCLUSIONS There is limited concern regarding elevation of MVG when reducing MR using 1 or 2 MitraClips, although 2 MitraClips did not significantly continue to reduce MRF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoda Hatoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, UTHealth, School of Public Health, Houston, Tex
| | | | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.
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18
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Timek TA. Commentary: The vortex and the ring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:961-962. [PMID: 32563578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Mich.
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Hiraoka A, Hayashida A, Toki M, Chikazawa G, Yoshitaka H, Yoshida K, Sakaguchi T. Impact of type and size of annuloplasty prosthesis on hemodynamic status after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 28:100517. [PMID: 32368613 PMCID: PMC7184169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate mitral valve hemodynamics after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease, and seek the impact of type/size of annuloplasty prosthesis on resting cardiac hemodynamics. Methods Between October 2012 and June 2019, 301 patients underwent isolated mitral valve repair for degenerative disease were enrolled. Correlation between postoperative mitral hemodynamics and type/size of annuloplasty prosthesis was evaluated. Results There were significant correlations between annuloplasty size and peak velocity (r = -0.41, p < 0.001), peak transmitral pressure gradient (TMPG) (r = -0.40, p < 0.001), mean TMPG (r = -0.41, p < 0.001), effective orifice area (EOA) (r = 0.26, p < 0.001), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (r = -0.15, p = 0.010). In patients with larger annuloplasty prostheses (≥30 mm), the type of annuloplasty prosthesis (band or ring) did not influence the mitral hemodynamics, however, mean TMPG was significantly greater in patients with a full ring (2.9 mmHg [2.1-3.7] vs. 4.0 mmHg [2.8-5.0], p < 0.001) in patients with smaller annuloplasty (<30 mm). Left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume were significantly associated with an increase of TMPG (r = 0.14, p = 0.016 and r = 0.24, p < 0.001). Conclusions A larger partial band had the potential to improve mitral hemodynamics after mitral repair for degenerative disease. However, echocardiographic mitral hemodynamics was influenced by LV function. Therefore, a more accurate method is required to elucidate the true impact of mitral repair on hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arudo Hiraoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashida
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Misako Toki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Genta Chikazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshitaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
| | - Taichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Japan
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20
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Hesitate to approximate? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:e54-e55. [PMID: 31353102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Rings and things: Choices in mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:e54. [PMID: 31324424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Ma W, Zhu D, Zhang W. Tightrope walkers in mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:e55-e56. [PMID: 31301895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Kim NY, Choi JB. Small rings and edge-to-edge technique elevate transmitral gradients in mitral valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:e53. [PMID: 31256965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yeol Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bum Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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24
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Timek TA. Fibbin' under pressure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:930-931. [PMID: 33198015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Mich.
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25
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Timek TA. The devil is everywhere, including the details of the ring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:e251. [PMID: 30739779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Timek
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich; Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Mich
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Ma W, Zhu D, Zhang W. Ring versus band: All roads lead to Rome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:e251-e252. [PMID: 30685176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Tomšič A, Palmen M, Klautz RJM. The devil is in the details, not the ring. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:e249-e250. [PMID: 30638846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tomšič
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meindert Palmen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J M Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gillinov M, Wierup P, Mick S. A bad trade: Mitral regurgitation for mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:928-929. [PMID: 30268568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gillinov
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Per Wierup
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephanie Mick
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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