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Yu YK, Meng FY, Wei XF, Chen XK, Li HM, Liu Q, Li CJ, Xie HN, Xu L, Zhang RX, Xing W, Li Y. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 168:417-428.e3. [PMID: 38246339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few studies have compared effectiveness and survival rates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NACI) and conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study was conducted to compare therapeutic response and survival between NACI and NCRT. METHODS The study cohort comprised patients with locally advanced ESCC treated with either NACI or NCRT followed by surgery between June 2018 and March 2021. The 2 groups were compared for treatment response, 3-year overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Survival curves were created using the Kaplan-Meier method, differences were compared using the log-rank test, and potential imbalances were corrected for using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method. RESULTS Among 202 patients with locally advanced ESCC, 81 received NACI and 121 received conventional NCRT. After IPTW adjustment, the R0 resection rate (85.2% vs 92.3%; P = .227) and the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate (27.5% vs 36.4%; P = .239) were comparable between the 2 groups. Nevertheless, patients who received NACI exhibited both a better 3-year OS rate (91.7% vs 79.8%; P = .032) and a better 3-year DFS rate (87.4% vs 72.8%; P = .039) compared with NCRT recipients. CONCLUSIONS NACI has R0 resection and pCR rates comparable to those of NCRT and seems to be correlated with better prognosis than NCRT. NACI followed by surgery may be an effective treatment strategy for locally advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kui Yu
- Section of Esophageal and Mediastinal Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Fan-Yu Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Wei
- Section of Esophageal and Mediastinal Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Section of Esophageal and Mediastinal Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Miao Li
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Can-Jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Nai Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Section of Esophageal and Mediastinal Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Zhang
- Section of Esophageal and Mediastinal Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqun Xing
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yin Li
- Section of Esophageal and Mediastinal Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhang G, Mu T, Zhang Y, Jiao J, Ding Z, Yang H, Pan D, Zhao J, Li J, Li X. Preoperative camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy for borderline resectable ESCC: A single-arm, prospective, phase 2 study. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00297-6. [PMID: 39121854 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the safety and efficacy of preoperative camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy for treating thoracic borderline resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Br-ESCC) (ChiCTR2200056728). METHODS Patients with thoracic Br-ESCC received intravenous camrelizumab plus chemotherapy and underwent esophagectomy. The primary endpoint was the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. We introduced computed tomography and endoscopic examination into the diagnostic criteria to increase its reproducibility. Additionally, we defined a new resection status, Rbr+/-, for Br-ESCC. FINDINGS Thirty-one patients with Br-ESCC were ultimately enrolled in this study. Overall, 71.0% (22/31) of the patients underwent esophagectomy. R0 resection was achieved in 81.8% of patients (18/22). pCR and major pathological response were observed in 40.9% (9/22) and 63.6% (14/22) of the resected patients, respectively. Eighteen R0 resection patients were redefined according to our Rbr definition; 61.1% (11/18) were classified as Rbr+ resection, and 38.9% (7/18) were classified as Rbr- resection. With a median postoperative follow-up of 17.9 months, 4 patients out of 11 who underwent Rbr+ resection experienced local recurrence (2 of whom achieved pCR). However, no patients (0/7) who underwent Rbr- resection experienced local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Esophagectomy after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is a promising radical treatment for Br-ESCC. R0 resection was achieved in 81.8% of patients, and a pCR was observed in 40.9% of resected patients. Even after complete excision, Rbr+ resection leads to a higher rate of local recurrence in patients with Br-ESCC. FUNDING This study was supported by the Key Scientific Research Projects of the Institutions of Higher Learning in Henan Province (no. 21A320032).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Teng Mu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Jia Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Zheng Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Dabo Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China.
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China.
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Esophageal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, China.
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Tong T. Complete Tumor Response of Esophageal Cancer: How Much Imaging Can Do? Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4161-4162. [PMID: 38652195 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Yang X, Yin H, Zhang S, Jiang T, Gu J, Jiao H, Wang H, Liang F, Xu S, Fan H, Ding J, Ge D, Wang Q, Yin J, Tan L. Perioperative outcomes and survival after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00542-7. [PMID: 38944271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the difference in perioperative outcomes and prognosis between neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS The patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were identified from a prospectively maintained database at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University between January 2018 and March 2022. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the 2 groups. RESULTS A total of 124 patient pairs were enrolled in the final analysis. The complete pathological response rate (20.2% vs 29.0%, P = .140) was similar in the 2 groups, whereas the lower major pathological response rate (44.4% vs 61.3%, P = .011) was observed in the neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy group. Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy was associated with a lower rate of adverse events (42.7% vs 55.6%, P = .047) without additional postoperative complications (38.7% vs 35.5%, P = .693). The neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy group had lower distant metastasis (6.5% vs 16.1%, P = .027) and overall recurrence (11.3% vs 23.4%, P = .019) in the postoperative 1 year. Also, neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy was associated with better progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.32-0.77; P = .002). Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (univariable: hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37-0.82; P = .003; multivariable: hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.65; P < .001) was one of the independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. The 2 groups had similar overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.36-1.09; P = .094) at the latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study showed that neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy was safe and effective for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Further verification is needed in randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Clinical Statistics Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fujian, China
| | - Jianyong Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Gao X, Overtoom HCG, Eyck BM, Huang SH, Nieboer D, van der Sluis PC, Lagarde SM, Wijnhoven BPL, Chao YK, van Lanschot JJB. Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Eastern versus Western countries: meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae083. [PMID: 38721902 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma can be treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by oesophagectomy. Discrepancies in pathological response rates have been reported between studies from Eastern versus Western countries. The aim of this study was to compare the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Eastern versus Western countries. METHODS Databases were searched until November 2022 for studies reporting pCR rates after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Multi-level meta-analyses were performed to pool pCR rates separately for cohorts from studies performed in centres in the Sinosphere (East) or in Europe and the Anglosphere (West). RESULTS For neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 51 Eastern cohorts (5636 patients) and 20 Western cohorts (3039 patients) were included. Studies from Eastern countries included more men, younger patients, more proximal tumours, and more cT4 and cN+ disease. Patients in the West were more often treated with high-dose radiotherapy, whereas patients in the East were more often treated with a platinum + fluoropyrimidine regimen. The pooled pCR rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 31.7% (95% c.i. 29.5% to 34.1%) in Eastern cohorts versus 40.4% (95% c.i. 35.0% to 45.9%) in Western cohorts (fixed-effect P = 0.003). For cohorts with similar cTNM stages, pooled pCR rates for the East and the West were 32.5% and 41.9% respectively (fixed-effect P = 0.003). CONCLUSION The pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is less favourable in patients treated in Eastern countries compared with Western countries. Despite efforts to investigate accounting factors, the discrepancy in pCR rate cannot be entirely explained by differences in patient, tumour, or treatment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hidde C G Overtoom
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben M Eyck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shi-Han Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Daan Nieboer
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd M Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Liu Y. Perioperative immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Now and future. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5020-5037. [PMID: 37753366 PMCID: PMC10518742 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i34.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting the digestive tract. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stands as the prevailing pathological subtype, encompassing approximately 90% of all EC patients. In clinical stage II-IVA locally advanced ESCC cases, the primary approach to treatment involves a combination of neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection. Despite concerted efforts, the long-term outcomes for ESCC patients remain unsatisfactory, with dismal prognoses. However, recent years have witnessed remarkable strides in immunotherapy, particularly in the second- and first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic ESCC, with the development of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 demonstrating encouraging responses and perioperative clinical benefits for various malignancies, including ESCC. This comprehensive review aims to present the current landscape of perioperative immunotherapy for resectable ESCC, focusing specifically on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors during the perioperative period. Additionally, the review will explore promising biomarkers and offer insights into future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430011, Hubei Province, China
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Wang H, Jiang Z, Wang Q, Wu T, Guo F, Xu Z, Yang W, Yang S, Feng S, Wang X, Chen S, Cheng C, Chen W. Pathological response and prognostic factors of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2023; 186:196-210. [PMID: 37045666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the pathological changes, clinicopathological correlation and prognostic factors of neoadjuvant programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade camrelizumab combined with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel (CCNP) which we have proved its effectiveness in previous research for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS 108 patients of resectable ESCC, with a mean follow-up of 13 m (ranging 1-30 m), treated with neoadjuvant CCNP from March 2020 to October 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled. RESULTS One year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 96.4% and 84.7% respectively. Pathological complete response or major pathological response (pCR/MPR) of the primary tumour (T-pCR/T-MPR) and the metastatic lymph node (N-pCR/N-MPR) were 58.3% and 47.5%. Pathological response of both primary tumours (PT) and lymph nodes (LN) metastasis correlated with DFS. LN pathological response was consistent with PT in 70.0% and inconsistent in 30.0% metastatic cases. Higher ratio of CD8+ to FoxP3+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), earlier ypT stage and PT invasion not beyond circular muscle correlated with better pathological response. Four types of regression patterns of PT and two types of metastatic LN regression were found. A total of 18 (16.7%) out of 108 developed recurrence with a mean time of 6.9 ± 5.3 months. PT pathological response plus ypN and PT invasion beyond circular muscle or not were independent prognostic factors of DFS. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that camrelizumab plus chemotherapy had a high rate of T-pCR/T-MPR for resectable ESCC. T-pCR/T-MPR plus ypN0 and tumour invasion not beyond circular muscle predicted better DFS.
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Jiang D, Song Q, Tang H, Shi P, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang H, Deng M, Huang J, Su J, Xu C, Tan L, Hou Y. Distribution of residual tumors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1067897. [PMID: 36925921 PMCID: PMC10012861 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1067897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The distribution of residual esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the esophageal wall and resected lymph nodes was evaluated after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nICT). Methods and results Clinical data were collected from 137 ESCC patients who underwent anti-programmed death 1 therapy and esophagectomy. Ninety (65.7%) achieved an major pathological response (MPR) in the esophageal wall, and 27 (19.7%) achieved an MPR in the lymph nodes. Pathologically complete response (pCR, ypT0N0) was observed in 26 patients (19%). Residual tumors located in the mucosa and/or submucosa were found in 94.6% of nonpCR patients. In the minor responders, 97.8% had residual tumor >10% in the mucosa or submucosa. A preferential regression direction toward the lumen was found in 76.4% of prepT2 nonpCR patients, or 60.7% of prepT3-4a nonpCR patients. The correlation between pCR in the esophageal wall and in lymph nodes was not significant (P=0.143). Among 19 patients with pCR in resected recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph nodes, 31.6% had residual tumor cells in other resected lymph nodes. A significant correlation was found between ypT/ypN downstaging and tumor regression grade (P<0.05). Conclusions After nICT for ESCC, residual tumors were frequently found in the mucosa or submucosa, with relatively high responsiveness of the invasive front and a significant correlation with downstaging, which may help clinicians make appropriate decisions about postoperative treatment and surveillance. The differences in pCR status in primary tumors, resected lymph nodes, and RLN lymph nodes indicated the importance of assessing regression changes in all resected lymph nodes during clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Department of Research Management, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minying Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gao L, Hong ZN, Wu L, Yang Y, Kang M. Residual tumor model in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: Frequently involves the mucosa and/or submucosa. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008681. [PMID: 36569913 PMCID: PMC9780370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) are widely explored in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Whether the "wait-and-see" strategy is applicable in ESCC after nICT is still lacking a theoretical basis. This study aimed to preliminarily explore the distribution of residual tumors and the regression pattern of ESCC after nICT. Methods Patients undergoing radical esophagectomy after nICT in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital between January 2020 and March 2022 were identified. The resection specimens were re-evaluated by one experienced pathologist. The pathological response was assessed by tumor regression grade (TRG) (modified Ryan scheme). The TRG grade was divided into grades 0 (pathological complete response), 1, 2, and 3. The pathological stage was evaluated in the Eighth Edition AJCC. In the non-pCR group, the residual model was divided into four types: Type I, regression towards the lumen; type II, regression towards the invasive front; type III, concentric regression; and type IV, scattered regression. Results A total of 95 consecutive patients were included for analysis. Seventy-six (80.0%) of 95 patients were in non-pCR (pathological complete response), and nine patients (9/76, 11.84%) had isolated residual tumors in lymph nodes. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the pCR group and the non-pCR group (p > 0.05). The overall distribution of TRG for all esophageal wall layers was TRG 0 = 28 (28/95, 29.5%), TRG 1 = 17 (17/95, 17.9%), TRG 2 = 18 (18.9%, 18/95), and TRG 3 = 32 (32/95, 33.7%). In 67 patients with residual tumors in the esophageal wall (TRG ≧1), 63 (63/67, 94.0%) had residual tumor cells in the mucosa and/or submucosa, and four had isolated residual tumors in the muscle layer (4/67, 6.0%). Further analysis showed eight (8/67, 11.9%) patients with submucosal involvement but without mucosal involvement. The distribution of regression patterns was type I (n = 35, 52.2%), type II (n = 3, 4.5%), type III (n = 8, 11.9%), and type IV (n = 21, 31.3%). Conclusions The mucosa and/or submucosa are frequently involved in residual malignancy, and the frequent regression models are regression toward the lumen and random regression. There is an opportunity to carefully test the residual tumors in a subgroup of the population with ESCC following nICT. However, some patients had residual tumors only in the muscle layer or lymph nodes. The clinical application of the wait-and-see strategy in ESCC after nICT should be explored using an appropriate evaluation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Nuan Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mingqiang Kang, ; Yinghong Yang,
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mingqiang Kang, ; Yinghong Yang,
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10
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Xu L, Wei XF, Li CJ, Yang ZY, Yu YK, Li HM, Xie HN, Yang YF, Jing WW, Wang Z, Kang XZ, Zhang RX, Qin JJ, Xue LY, Bi N, Chen XK, Li Y. Pathologic responses and surgical outcomes after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1052542. [PMID: 36466925 PMCID: PMC9713810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the role of immunotherapy in neoadjuvant setting for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is gradually attracting attention. Few studies compared the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). Our study aimed to compare treatment response and postoperative complications after NICT followed by surgery with that after conventional NCRT in patients with locally advanced ESCC. METHODS Of 468 patients with locally advanced ESCC, 154 received conventional NCRT, whereas 314 received NICT. Treatment response, postoperative complications and mortality between two groups were compared. Pathological response of primary tumor was evaluated using the Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) scoring system. Pathological complete response (pCR) of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) was defined as no viable tumor cell within all resected metastatic LNs. According to regression directionality, tumor regression pattern was summarized into four categories: type I, regression toward the lumen; type II, regression toward the invasive front; type III, concentric regression; and type IV, scattered regression. Inverse probability propensity score weighting was performed to minimize the influence of confounding factors. RESULTS After adjusting for baseline characteristics, the R0 resection rates (90.9% vs. 89.0%, P=0.302) and pCR (ypT0N0) rates (29.8% vs. 34.0%, P=0.167) were comparable between two groups. Patients receiving NCRT showed lower TRG score (P<0.001) and higher major pathological response (MPR) rate (64.7% vs. 53.6%, P=0.001) compared to those receiving NICT. However, NICT brought a higher pCR rate of metastatic LNs than conventional NCRT (53.9% vs. 37.1%, P<0.001). The rates of type I/II/III/IV regression patterns were 44.6%, 6.8%, 11.4% and 37.1% in the NICT group, 16.9%, 8.2%, 18.3% and 56.6% in the NCRT group, indicating a significant difference (P<0.001). Moreover, there were no significant differences in the incidence of total postoperative complications (35.8% vs. 39.9%, P=0.189) and 30-d mortality (0.0% vs. 1.1%, P=0.062). CONCLUSION For patients with locally advanced ESCC, NICT showed a R0 resection rate and pCR (ypT0N0) rate comparable to conventional NCRT, without increased incidence of postoperative complications and mortality. Notablely, NICT followed by surgery might bring a promising treatment response of metastatic LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-feng Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Can-jun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-kui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hao-miao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hou-nai Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-fan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-wei Jing
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-zheng Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-xiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-jun Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-yan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-kai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Gu YM, Yang YS, Kong WL, Shang QX, Zhang HL, Wang WP, Yuan Y, Che GW, Chen LQ. Effect of circumferential resection margin status on survival and recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965255. [PMID: 36119475 PMCID: PMC9478723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether circumferential resection margin (CRM) status has an impact on survival and recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.MethodsWe screened patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy from January 2017 to December 2019. The CRM was reassessed. Patients were grouped into a CRM of 1 mm or less (0 < CRM ≤ 1 mm) and a CRM greater than 1 mm (CRM>1 mm). The impact of CRM on survival was investigated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression modeling. The optimal CRM cut point was evaluated using restricted cubic spline curve.ResultsA total of 89 patients were enrolled in this study. The CRM status was an independent risk factor for the prognosis (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.73). Compared with a CRM of 1 mm or less, a CRM greater than 1 mm had better overall survival (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.73, log-rank P = 0.011), longer disease-free survival (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.95, log-rank P = 0.040), and less recurrence (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.85, log–rank P = 0.015). We visualized the association between CRM and the hazard ratio of survival and identified the optimal cut point at 1 mm.ConclusionsA CRM greater than 1 mm had better survival and less recurrence compared to a CRM of 1 mm or less. A more radical resection with adequate CRM could benefit survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Shang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Li Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Xin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Lu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Wei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Long-Qi Chen,
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12
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Feng WH, Chen YY, Kuo YS, Lin KH, Tsai YM, Wu TH, Huang HK, Huang TW. Prognostic factors associated with 18FDG-PET/CT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after trimodality treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:768. [PMID: 35836202 PMCID: PMC9284765 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG). METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving nCRT and then esophagectomy between January 2011 and December 2018 in the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the independent prognostic factors. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled in the study, and 18 had pathological complete response. Post-nCRT SUVmax ≥ 3 is a poor prognostic factor associated with overall survival (HR: 3.665, P = 0.013) and disease-free survival (HR: 3.417, P = 0.011). Poor prognosis was found in the non-pCR plus post-nCRT SUVmax ≥ 3 group compared with pCR plus post-nCRT SUVmax < 3 group. CONCLUSIONS SUVmax ≥ 3 is a poor prognostic factor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after trimodality treatment, even in patients having pathological complete response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Feng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Chen
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shou Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
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Lin J. Commentary: The Hydra: Residual esophageal squamous cell tumor after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:1643-1644. [PMID: 33190873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Lin
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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14
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Commentary: How to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer? More studies are still needed. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:1645-1646. [PMID: 33109420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Katz A, Liberman M. Commentary: Don't stop operating! Surgery is still an important part of the definitive treatment approach to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:1642-1643. [PMID: 33279167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Katz
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, CETOC-CHUM Endoscopic Tracheobronchial and Oesophageal Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Moishe Liberman
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, CETOC-CHUM Endoscopic Tracheobronchial and Oesophageal Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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