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Rebersek M, Hribernik N, Markovic K, Markovic S, Valentinuzzi KU, Cemazar M, Zuliani T, Milacic R, Scancar J. Determination of copper and other trace elements in serum samples from patients with biliary tract cancers: prospective noninterventional nonrandomized clinical study protocol. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:300-310. [PMID: 38553250 PMCID: PMC11165979 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, when the disease is incurable. Currently used tumor biomarkers have limited diagnostic value for BTCs, so there is an urgent need for sensitive and specific biomarkers for their earlier diagnosis. Deregulation of the homeostasis of trace elements is involved in the carcinogenesis of different cancers, including BTCs. The objective of the study is to determine/compare the total concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) and the proportions of free Cu and Cu bound to ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the isotopic ratio of 65Cu/63Cu in serum samples from healthy volunteers and cancer patients using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry-based methods (ICP-MS). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, noninterventional, nonrandomized study 20 patients and 20 healthy volunteers will be enrolled to identify serum Cu, Zn and Fe levels, Cu isotopic fractionation as a predictive biomarker of response to systemic therapy of BTCs, which will be evaluated by computed tomography. Newly developed analytical methods based on ICP-MS will be applied to metal-based biomarker research in oncology. CONCLUSIONS In the study the comparison of the total concentration of selected trace elements, the proportion of free Cu and Cu bound to Cp and the isotopic ratio of 65Cu/63Cu in serum samples from healthy volunteers and cancer patients will be conducted to provide the foundation for the development of a BTC cancer screening methodology and the data on their usability as a potential predictive biomarker for BTCs of response to systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rebersek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nezka Hribernik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Katja Ursic Valentinuzzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milacic
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Scancar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Khaparde A, Lokesh Kumar S, Vijayalakshmi MA, Tetala KKR. A conjoint multi metal-ion iminodiacetic acid monolith microfluidic chip for structural-based protein pre-fractionation. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2647-2655. [PMID: 34687221 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PDMS-based multichannel microfluidic chip was designed and fabricated in a simple approach using readily available tools. UV-initiated in situ polymerization of poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate-co-di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-co-N,N'-diallyl l-tartardiamide) in an Eppendorf tube was achieved within 40 min. This polymerization process was successfully translated to a microfluidic chip format without any further modifications. Iminodiacetic acid was successfully immobilized on aldehyde functional monoliths via Schiff base reaction and confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Four transition metal ions (Co (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II)) were chelated individually on four IDA-monolith microfluidic chips. The conjoint metal-ion monolith microfluidic chip has displayed high permeability (9.40 × 10-13 m2 ) and a porosity of 32.8%. This affinity microfluidic chip has pre-fractioned four human plasma proteins (fibrinogen, immunoglobulin, transferrin, and human serum albumin) based on their surface-exposed histidine surface topography. A protein recovery of approximately 95% (Bradford assay data) was achieved. The multimonolith microchip can be reusable even after three protein adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khaparde
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - S Lokesh Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - M A Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Marković S, Uršič K, Cemazar M, Sersa G, Starešinič B, Milačič R, Ščančar J. High spatial resolution imaging of cisplatin and Texas Red cisplatin in tumour spheroids using laser ablation isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1162:338424. [PMID: 33926700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oncology research uses different imaging techniques to provide information about the spatial distribution of the chemotherapy drugs used for the targeted tissues. Among them, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is increasingly being used to track the spatial distribution of metal-based chemotherapeutics in different tissue samples. In this investigation, instrumental parameters were optimized for the bioimaging of Pt in HT29 tumour spheroids treated with cisplatin (CDDP) or Texas Red cisplatin (TR-CDDP) using LA-ICP-MS. A high spatial resolution, using pixel dimensions of 2.0 μm × 2.5 μm, and a high sensitivity, with the limits of detection (LOD) better than 0.78 mg kg-1 Pt, was achieved. Matrix-matched gelatine standards and/or isotope dilution (ID) analyses were used to quantify the amount of Pt. Differences between the results of the Pt concentrations determined by the two quantification were less than 4%. The results of the LA analysis revealed that the Pt in the CDDP-treated tumour spheroids was localized primarily in the outer rim of the spheroids and to a lesser extent in the intermediary layer and the necrotic core. Due to the steric effects, significantly lower Pt concentrations were accumulated in the spheroids treated with TR-CDDP (2.2 times lower than in CDDP-treated spheroids, normalized to the spheroid volume), while the Pt was mostly distributed in the areas of the outer rim. Finally, imaging with confocal fluorescence microscopy, which is commonly used in oncology research, was compared with that by LA-ICP-MS. The results of the two complementary techniques demonstrated good agreement in terms of the spatial distribution of the TR-CDDP, while the intensity of the fluorescence matched well with the concentrations of Pt determined with LA-ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Marković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Uršič
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva Ulica 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Starešinič
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Theiner S, Schoeberl A, Schweikert A, Keppler BK, Koellensperger G. Mass spectrometry techniques for imaging and detection of metallodrugs. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 61:123-134. [PMID: 33535112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, metallomic approaches based on mass spectrometry have evolved into essential tools supporting the drug development of novel metal-based anticancer drugs. This article will comment on the state-of-the-art instrumentation and highlight some of the recent analytical advances beyond routine, especially focusing on the latest developments in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mass spectrometry-based bioimaging and single-cell methods will be presented, paving the way to exciting investigations of metal-based anticancer drugs in heterogeneous and structurally, as well as functionally complex solid tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Theiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schoeberl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schweikert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Marković K, Milačič R, Marković S, Kladnik J, Turel I, Ščančar J. Binding Kinetics of Ruthenium Pyrithione Chemotherapeutic Candidates to Human Serum Proteins Studied by HPLC-ICP-MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071512. [PMID: 32225069 PMCID: PMC7180866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of ruthenium-based complexes for cancer treatment requires a variety of pharmacological studies, one of them being a drug's binding kinetics to serum proteins. In this work, speciation analysis was used to study kinetics of ruthenium-based drug candidates with human serum proteins. Two ruthenium (Ru) complexes, namely [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thionato)Cl] (1) and [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thionato)pta]PF6 (2) (where pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), were selected. Before a kinetics study, their stability in relevant media was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Conjoint liquid chromatography (CLC) monolithic column, assembling convective interaction media (CIM) protein G and diethylamino (DEAE) disks, was used for separation of unbound Ru species from those bound to human serum transferrin (Tf), albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulins G (IgG). Eluted proteins were monitored by UV spectrometry (278 nm), while Ru species were quantified by post-column isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS). Binding kinetics of chlorido (1) and pta complex (2) to serum proteins was followed from 5 min up to 48 h after incubation with human serum. Both Ru complexes interacted mainly with HSA. Complex (1) exhibited faster and more extensive interaction with HSA than complex (2). The equilibrium concentration for complex (1) was obtained 6 h after incubation, when about 70% of compound was bound to HSA, 5% was associated with IgG, whereas 25% remained unbound. In contrast, the rate of interaction of complex (2) with HSA was much slower and less extensive and the equilibrium concentration was obtained 24 h after incubation, when about 50% of complex (2) was bound to HSA and 50% remained unbound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Marković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (R.M.); (S.M.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (R.M.); (S.M.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Marković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (R.M.); (S.M.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Kladnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (J.Š.); Tel.: +386-14-79-8525 (I.T.); +386-14-77-3846 (J.Š.)
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (K.M.); (R.M.); (S.M.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (I.T.); (J.Š.); Tel.: +386-14-79-8525 (I.T.); +386-14-77-3846 (J.Š.)
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