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Maity M, Galor A, Basu S, Singh S. Tear Film Dynamics in Visual Display Terminal Users: A Review of Impact on Goblet Cells, Lacrimal and Meibomian Gland Function. Semin Ophthalmol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38629642 PMCID: PMC7616525 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2332355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is rising among visual display terminal (VDT) users, a trend that correlates with the growing use of digital devices. The prevalence of VDT-associated DED is reported based on dry eye questionnaires; however, VDT's impact on tear film parameters is less understood. METHODS A review of published literature on both the alterations in tear film observed in VDT users and the impact of various interventions on their tear film. RESULTS Most studies show reduction in tear stability as well as reduction in the blink rate. The role of lacrimal gland hypofunction in visual display terminal (VDT) users is a subject of ongoing debate. Schirmer test values typically exceed the 10 mm threshold, suggesting normal tear production, and tear osmolarity remains within normal ranges but VDT users consistently present with lower Schirmer values compared to non-VDT users. The effects on Meibomian glands and mucin levels need more research as the numbers studied are small. Very few studies have analysed mucin levels in VDT users with reports of normal or reduced values. Even asymptomatic users can have tear film instability; hence, the diagnostic criteria need to be formulated and validated. Different interventions such as neurostimulation, blink improving apps, eyelid warming devices, moist goggles, and lubricants have been explored in VDT users but without a control arm and in asymptomatic VDT users in most studies. CONCLUSION The alterations have been observed on aqueous, lipid and mucin components of the tear film, although the extent of the impact is variable across studies. There is urgent need of well-designed studies for studying the tear film changes and management options for the upcoming lifestyle epidemic in VDT users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumi Maity
- Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Plamer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sayan Basu
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Brien Holden Center for Eye Research (BHERC), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Li SY, Xue RY, Wu H, Pu N, Wei D, Zhao N, Song ZM, Tao Y. Novel Role of Molecular Hydrogen: The End of Ophthalmic Diseases? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1567. [PMID: 38004433 PMCID: PMC10674431 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which displays non-toxic features at high concentrations. H2 can alleviate oxidative damage, reduce inflammatory reactions and inhibit apoptosis cascades, thereby inducing protective and repairing effects on cells. H2 can be transported into the body in the form of H2 gas, hydrogen-rich water (HRW), hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) or H2 produced by intestinal bacteria. Accumulating evidence suggest that H2 is protective against multiple ophthalmic diseases, including cataracts, dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other fields. In particular, H2 has been tested in the treatment of dry eye disease and corneal endothelial injury in clinical practice. This medical gas has brought hope to patients suffering from blindness. Although H2 has demonstrated promising therapeutic potentials and broad application prospects, further large-scale studies involving more patients are still needed to determine its optimal application mode and dosage. In this paper, we have reviewed the basic characteristics of H2, and its therapeutic effects in ophthalmic diseases. We also focus on the latest progress in the administration approaches and mechanisms underlying these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zong-Ming Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Wolffsohn JS, Lingham G, Downie LE, Huntjens B, Inomata T, Jivraj S, Kobia-Acquah E, Muntz A, Mohamed-Noriega K, Plainis S, Read M, Sayegh RR, Singh S, Utheim TP, Craig JP. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of the digital environment on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:213-252. [PMID: 37062428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eye strain when performing tasks reliant on a digital environment can cause discomfort, affecting productivity and quality of life. Digital eye strain (the preferred terminology) was defined as "the development or exacerbation of recurrent ocular symptoms and/or signs related specifically to digital device screen viewing". Digital eye strain prevalence of up to 97% has been reported, due to no previously agreed definition/diagnostic criteria and limitations of current questionnaires which fail to differentiate such symptoms from those arising from non-digital tasks. Objective signs such as blink rate or critical flicker frequency changes are not 'diagnostic' of digital eye strain nor validated as sensitive. The mechanisms attributed to ocular surface disease exacerbation are mainly reduced blink rate and completeness, partial/uncorrected refractive error and/or underlying binocular vision anomalies, together with the cognitive demand of the task and differences in position, size, brightness and glare compared to an equivalent non-digital task. In general, interventions are not well established; patients experiencing digital eye strain should be provided with a full refractive correction for the appropriate working distances. Improving blinking, optimizing the work environment and encouraging regular breaks may help. Based on current, best evidence, blue-light blocking interventions do not appear to be an effective management strategy. More and larger clinical trials are needed to assess artificial tear effectiveness for relieving digital eye strain, particularly comparing different constituents; a systematic review within the report identified use of secretagogues and warm compress/humidity goggles/ambient humidifiers as promising strategies, along with nutritional supplementation (such as omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and berry extracts).
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Byki Huntjens
- Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saleel Jivraj
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alex Muntz
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karim Mohamed-Noriega
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | - Sotiris Plainis
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Laboratory of Optics and Vision, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Read
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rony R Sayegh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Bai X, Xu Q, Zhang W, Wang C. The Gut-Eye Axis: Correlation Between the Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Dry Eye in Individuals With Sjögren Syndrome. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:1-7. [PMID: 36544282 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The impact of gut microbiota on human health, autoimmunity, and disease occurrence has long been recognized since the advancement of metagenomic sequencing technology has enabled a new level of perspective on the human microbiome. Emerging findings also suggest the existence of a gut-eye axis, wherein gut dysbiosis may be a crucial factor affecting the onset and progression of multiple ocular diseases. Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease mainly affecting the exocrine glands, primarily the lacrimal gland in the eye, resulting in severe dry eye. Although there are currently various treatments for environmental dry eye, the efficacy for SS-related autoimmune dry eye is limited, and new and more effective therapies still need to be explored. The latest studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune dry eye. This review describes the effect of gut microbiota on the ocular surface of autoimmune dry eye; introduces the presumable pathways forming the "gut dysbiosis-ocular surface-lacrimal gland axis"; discusses the advantages of restoring intestinal microecology to treat dry eye by fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotics, which are expected to provide perspectives into the correlation between the gut microbiome and dry eye; enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis in autoimmune dry eye; and be useful in the development of future interventions of dry eye by regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Bai
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Effects of Intestinal Bacterial Hydrogen Gas Production on Muscle Recovery following Intense Exercise in Adult Men: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224875. [PMID: 36432562 PMCID: PMC9693815 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of hydrogen gas (H2) produced by intestinal microbiota on participant conditioning to prevent intense exercise-induced damage. In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, participants ingested H2-producing milk that induced intestinal bacterial H2 production or a placebo on the trial day, 4 h before performing an intense exercise at 75% maximal oxygen uptake for 60 min. Blood marker levels and respiratory variables were measured before, during, and after exercise. Visual analog scale scores of general and lower limb muscle soreness evaluated were 3.8- and 2.3-fold higher, respectively, on the morning after treatment than that before treatment during the placebo trial, but not during the test beverage consumption. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations and production rates significantly increased with placebo consumption; no changes were observed with test beverage consumption. After exercise, relative blood lactate levels with H2-producing milk consumption were lower than those with placebo consumption. A negative correlation was observed between the variation of 8-OHdG and the area under the curve (AUC) of breath H2 concentrations. Lipid oxidation AUC was 1.3-fold higher significantly with H2-producing milk than with placebo consumption. Conclusively, activating intestinal bacterial H2 production by consuming a specific beverage may be a new strategy for promoting recovery and conditioning in athletes frequently performing intense exercises.
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Inaba T, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Liu Y, Tanaka Y, Kobori M, Tamaki S, Ito T, Higa K, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K. Quercetin improves lacrimal gland function through its anti-oxidant actions: Evidence from animal studies, and a pilot study in healthy human volunteers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974530. [PMID: 36313100 PMCID: PMC9599396 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-oxidant properties of polyphenols have been gaining medical attention as a preventive factor against aging and/or lifestyle diseases. In this study, we examined the anti-oxidant activity of quercetin improved tear function through its effects on the lacrimal gland in mice and humans. Six week-old diabetic mice, a model for decreased tear production, were fed for 12 weeks ad libitum with an experimental diet containing 0.5% quercetin. As a result, the tear volume was significantly improved compared to the control, despite no changes in body weight, food intake, lacrimal gland morphology or biochemical serum parameters. Moreover, significantly higher SOD-1 and SOD-2 protein levels were detected in the lacrimal glands of quercetin-treated mice by western blot. In addition, quercetin treatment of mouse corneal cell lines exposed to oxidative stress resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of ROS production and enhanced cell survival. Finally, we examined quercetin pharmacokinetics, specifically its presence in serum and tears subsequent to onion consumption in healthy volunteers, and found that the distribution of quercetin and its metabolite shifted from serum to tear following onion intake. An improvement in tear film stability also resulted following the intake by these healthy volunteers of a new, quercetin-rich onion cultivar ("Quergold") in powder form. These results suggested that quercetin improved tear function through its effects on the lacrimal gland in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Inaba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ohnishi-Kameyama
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masuko Kobori
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shusaku Tamaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Higa
- Department of Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology/Cornea Center, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Kazuo Tsubota,
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Placebo administration for dry eye disease: a level I evidence based systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharm 2022; 44:1087-1101. [PMID: 35939178 PMCID: PMC9618542 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The efficacy of various common treatment options for dry eye disease (DED) has been investigated against placebo. However, the potential beneficial effect of placebo in the management of DED is still unclear. Aim This meta-analysis investigated the impact of placebo administration in DED in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I test (SIT), tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal staining, and complications. Method This meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. In March 2022, Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase were accessed. All the randomised clinical trials which investigated any active treatment against a placebo control group were considered. The following data were extracted at baseline and at last follow-up: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear breakup time test (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal staining. Results Data from 56 studies (12,205 patients) were retrieved. Placebo administration is not effective in improving TBUT (P = 0.3), OSDI (P = 0.2), SIT (P = 0.1) and corneal staining (P = 0.1) from baseline to last follow-up. Active treatment led to a higher TBUT and SIT compared to placebo administration (P < 0.0001). The active treatment resulted in a lower OSDI compared to placebo administration (P = 0.0005). Five studies reported data on the corneal staining. No difference was found between placebo administration and active treatment (P = 0.8). Conclusion Placebo administration does not impact symptoms of DED and can be successfully employed to evaluate the efficacy of active treatments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11096-022-01439-y.
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Thakur S, Sheppard JD. Gut Microbiome and Its Influence On Ocular Surface and Ocular Surface Diseases. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:278-282. [PMID: 35580364 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The gut microbiome plays a substantial immunologic and pathophysiologic role in maintaining the health of the host, and dysregulation of this dynamic ecosystem has been associated with several inflammatory conditions. Many studies have explored the influence of gut microbiota on the ocular surface and whether gut microbiota impact the pathophysiology of ophthalmic conditions. These findings have highlighted the advantages of enhancing gut microbes through probiotics, prebiotics, diet, vitamin supplementations, and fecal microbial transplant in clinical practice. The purpose of this review article was to provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge on this topic. Further exploration of this area of research is important to help guide new therapeutic targets to develop treatment and prevention of certain ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhawi Thakur
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (S.T.), Norfolk, VA; and Virginia Eye Consultants (J.D.S.), Norfolk, VA
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10
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Lemos CN, da Silva LECM, Faustino JF, Fantucci MZ, Murashima ADAB, Adriano L, Alves M, Rocha EM. Oxidative Stress in the Protection and Injury of the Lacrimal Gland and the Ocular Surface: are There Perspectives for Therapeutics? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824726. [PMID: 35359431 PMCID: PMC8963457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major disruption in the physiology of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU). Antioxidant enzymes have dual protective activities: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Peroxidases have been indistinctly used as markers of the secretory activity of the LFU and implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED), even though they comprise a large family of enzymes that includes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), among others. Assays to measure and correlate OS with other local LFU phenomena have methodological limitations. Studies implicate molecules and reactions involved in OS as markers of homeostasis, and other studies identify them as part of the physiopathology of diseases. Despite these conflicting concepts and observations, it is clear that OS is influential in the development of DED. Moreover, many antioxidant strategies have been proposed for its treatment, including calorie restriction to nutritional supplementation. This review offers a critical analysis of the biological mechanisms, diagnostic outcomes, drug use, dietary supplements, and life habits that implicate the influence of OS on DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nunes Lemos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Camila Nunes Lemos,
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marina Zilio Fantucci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Adriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Melani Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Wu J, Wu X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liu J, Lu L, Zhang S, Zhang G, Liu L. Dry Eye Disease Among Mongolian and Han Older Adults in Grasslands of Northern China: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Vision-Related Quality of Life. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:788545. [PMID: 34901096 PMCID: PMC8655125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is projected to have increasing public health burden in China with the aging population. No published studies on the epidemiology of DED have been found in grasslands. We estimated DED prevalence among older adults living in grasslands of northern China and investigated its associated factors and impact on vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL). Methods: A multistage cluster random sampling technique was used to select Mongolian and Han participants aged over 40 from November 2020 to May 2021 in this area. An assessment of DED was performed with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer's I test (ST), and Tear film break up time (TBUT). All the participants completed the Chinese version of National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) assessing VR-QoL. Results: Of the 1,400 enumerated residents, 1,287 were examined. The overall age and gender standardized prevalence of DED was 34.5%, of which, 32.6% of Mongolian and 35.4% of Han had DED. In a multivariate model, statistically significant associations were found with advancing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.04], female gender (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.68), smoking (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.98), anti-fatigue eye-drop use (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77), milk product intake (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.77), number of household members (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.72-0.88). DED was associated with lower scores on VR-QoL (β= -0.14, P < 0.01). Similar results were observed when analyses were stratified by ethnicity. Conclusions: The novelty-associated factors for DED in the grasslands area were anti-fatigue eye drop use, milk product intake, and number of household members. DED and its components were associated with VR-QoL. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wu
- Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Institute of Eye Disease Control, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Institute of Eye Disease Control, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Institute of Eye Disease Control, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Tobacco Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anshan Central Hospital, Anshan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Zhang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Chaoju Eye Hospital, Inner Mongolia Chaoju Institute of Eye Disease Control, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Radyuk SN. Mechanisms Underlying the Biological Effects of Molecular Hydrogen. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:626-735. [PMID: 33308112 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant redox-sensitive reactions and accumulation of oxidative damage can impair body functions and contribute to the development of various pathologies and aging. Although antioxidant substances have long been recognized as a measure of alleviating oxidative stress and restoring redox balance, the arsenal of effective means of preventing the development of various disorders, is still limited. There is an emerging field that utilizes molecular hydrogen (H2) as a scavenger of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the remarkable characteristics of H2 is its ability to counteract the harmful effects of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite without affecting the activity of functionally important ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. The beneficial effects of H2 have been documented in numerous clinical studies and studies on animal models and cell cultures. However, the established scavenging activity of H2 can only partially explain its beneficial effects because the effects are achieved at very low concentrations of H2. Given the rate of H2 diffusion, such low concentrations may not be sufficient to scavenge continuously generated ROS. H2 can also act as a signaling molecule and induce defense responses. However, the exact targets and mechanism(s) by which H2 exerts these effects are unknown. Here, we analyzed both positive and negative effects of the endogenous H2, identified the redox-sensitive components of the pathways affected by molecular hydrogen, and also discussed the potential role of molecular hydrogen in regulating cellular redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, 6501 Airline Rd., Dallas, Texas, United States
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13
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Takahashi H. Application of Hydrogen in Ophthalmology. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:592-594. [PMID: 33076799 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201019103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report reviews studies on the use of H2 in the ophthalmological field. In retinal diseases, particularly in a retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, effects of H2 are remarkable in reducing retinal tissue damage. H2 treatment of corneal damage caused by alkali or UVB suppressed scar formation. The most unique application of H2 in the ophthalmological field appears to be its use in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Ultrasound oscillation produces ·OH through the cavitation phenomenon in the anterior chamber of the eye, which induces oxidative insults in the corneal endothelium. Phacoemulsification using H2 dissolved in the irrigation solution significantly suppressed the corneal endothelial damage. The effect of H2 was direct and clear, as H2 instantly scavenges ·OH produced by ultrasound oscillation in the anterior chamber, thereby suppressing oxidative insults during the phacoemulsification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8602, Japan
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14
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Kubota M, Kawashima M, Inoue S, Imada T, Nakamura S, Kubota S, Watanabe M, Takemura R, Tsubota K. Randomized, crossover clinical efficacy trial in humans and mice on tear secretion promotion and lacrimal gland protection by molecular hydrogen. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6434. [PMID: 33742060 PMCID: PMC7979688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dry eye disease is increasing worldwide because of the aging population and increasing use of information technology. Dry eye disease manifests as tear-layer instability and inflammation caused by osmotic hypersensitization in tear fluids; however, to our knowledge, no agent that treats both pathologies simultaneously is available. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is known to be effective against various diseases; therefore, we aimed to elucidate the effects of H2 on tear dynamics and the treatment of dry eye disease. We revealed that administering a persistent H2-generating supplement increased the human exhaled H2 concentration (p < 0.01) and improved tear stability (p < 0.01) and dry eye symptoms (p < 0.05) significantly. Furthermore, H2 significantly increased tear secretion in healthy mice (p < 0.05) and significantly suppressed tear reduction in a murine dry eye model (p = 0.007). H2 significantly and safely improved tear stability and dry eye symptoms in a small exploratory group of 10 human subjects, a subset of whom reported dry eye symptoms prior to treatment. Furthermore, it increased tear secretion rapidly in normal mice. Therefore, H2 may be a safe and effective new treatment for dry eye disease and thus larger trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sachiko Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Hanegino Mori Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Takemura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Moon J, Yoon CH, Choi SH, Kim MK. Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8443. [PMID: 33182758 PMCID: PMC7697210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger distant autoimmunity. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the ocular surface, with frequently unmet therapeutic needs requiring new interventions for dry eye management. Current studies also suggest the possible relation of autoimmune dry eye with gut microbiota. Herein, we review the current knowledge of how the gut microbiota interact with the immune system in homeostasis as well as its influence on rheumatic and ocular autoimmune diseases, and compare their characteristics with SS. Both rodent and human studies regarding gut microbiota in SS and environmental dry eye are explored, and the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on dry eye are discussed. Recent clinical studies have commonly observed a correlation between gut dysbiosis and clinical manifestations of SS, while environmental dry eye portrays characteristics in between normal and autoimmune. Moreover, a decrease in both the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and genus Faecalibacterium have most commonly been observed in SS subjects. The presumable pathways forming the "gut dysbiosis-ocular surface-lacrimal gland axis" are introduced. This review may provide perspectives into the link between the gut microbiome and dry eye, enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis in autoimmune dry eye, and be useful in the development of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoon Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.M.); (C.H.Y.)
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03082, Korea;
| | - Chang Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.M.); (C.H.Y.)
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03082, Korea;
| | - Se Hyun Choi
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03082, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si 14068, Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.M.); (C.H.Y.)
- Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 03082, Korea;
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