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Bob NS, Dia M, Ndiaye O, Ba A, Prudhomme J, Diagne MM, Faye O, Faye O, Sall AA, Fall G. Detection and Diagnosis of Rift Valley Fever Virus. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2824:35-65. [PMID: 39039405 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3926-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a globally important mosquito-borne virus that can also be directly transmitted via aerosolization of body fluids from infected animals. RVFV outbreaks cause mass mortality of young livestock and abortions in animals. In most severe human cases, the disease can progress to hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis, leading to death. RVF has a significant economic impact due to the loss of livestock that is a great challenge for people who depend on animals for income and food. Several vaccines are available for animal use, but none are yet licensed for use in human populations. This situation emphasizes the need to have robust and efficient diagnostic methods that can be used for early case confirmation, assessment of seroprevalence, and virus surveillance as well as vaccine efficacy evaluation. Despite the existence of different diagnostic methods for RVFV, we still have untimely reporting or underreporting of cases, probably due to lack of appropriate surveillance systems or diagnostic tools in some endemic countries. Here, we describe different methods available for detection and diagnosis of RVFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndeye Sakha Bob
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Dia
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Ndiaye
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Arame Ba
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Julie Prudhomme
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Pays de la Loire Regional Office, Santé Publique France, The French National Public Health Agency, Nantes, France
| | - Moussa Moise Diagne
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Gamou Fall
- Virology Pole-WHO collaborating Center for Arbovirus and viral hemorrhagic fevers, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
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Hoste ACR, Djadjovski I, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Rueda P, Barr JN, Sastre P. Multiplex Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Antibodies against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Nucleocapsid Protein and Glycoproteins in Ruminants. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0260022. [PMID: 36815788 PMCID: PMC10101078 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02600-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a widespread tick-borne zoonotic virus that causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). CCHF is asymptomatic in infected animals but can develop into severe illness in humans, with high case-fatality rates. Due to complex environmental and socio-economic factors, the distribution of CCHFV vectors is changing, leading to disease occurrence in previously unaffected countries. Neither an effective treatment nor a vaccine has been developed against CCHFV; thus, surveillance programs are essential to limit and control the spread of the virus. Furthermore, the WHO highlighted the need of assays that can cover a range of CCHFV antigenic targets, DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) assays, or assays for future vaccine evaluation. Here, we developed a multiplex assay, based on a suspension microarray, able to detect specific antibodies in ruminants to three recombinantly produced CCHFV proteins: the nucleocapsid (N) protein and two glycoproteins, GN ectodomain (GNe), and GP38. This triplex assay was used to assess the antibody response in naturally infected animals. Out of the 29 positive field sera to the N protein, 40% showed antibodies against GNe or GP38, with 11 out of these 12 samples being positive to both glycoproteins. To determine the diagnostic specificity of the test, a total of 147 sera from Spanish farms free of CCHFV were included in the study. This multiplex assay could be useful to detect antibodies to different proteins of CCHFV as vaccine target candidates and to study the immune response to CCHFV in infected animals and for surveillance programs to prevent the further spread of the virus. IMPORTANCE Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, which is one of the most important tick-borne viral diseases of humans and has recently been found in previously unaffected countries such as Spain. The disease is asymptomatic in infected animals but can develop into severe illness in humans. As neither an effective treatment nor a vaccine has been developed against CCHFV, surveillance programs are essential to limit and control the spread of the virus. In this study, a multiplex assay detecting antibodies against different CCHFV antigens in a single sample and independent of the ruminant species has been developed. This assay could be very useful in surveillance studies, to control the spread of CCHFV and prevent future outbreaks, and to better understand the immune response induced by CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. R. Hoste
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada S.A. (Eurofins-INGENASA S.A.), Madrid, Spain
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Djadjovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Rueda
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada S.A. (Eurofins-INGENASA S.A.), Madrid, Spain
| | - John N. Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Sastre
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada S.A. (Eurofins-INGENASA S.A.), Madrid, Spain
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Gerken KN, LaBeaud AD, Mandi H, L’Azou Jackson M, Breugelmans JG, King CH. Paving the way for human vaccination against Rift Valley fever virus: A systematic literature review of RVFV epidemiology from 1999 to 2021. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009852. [PMID: 35073355 PMCID: PMC8812886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a lethal threat to humans and livestock in many parts of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean. This systematic review's objective was to consolidate understanding of RVFV epidemiology during 1999-2021 and highlight knowledge gaps relevant to plans for human vaccine trials. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020221622). Reports of RVFV infection or exposure among humans, animals, and/or vectors in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian Ocean during the period January 1999 to June 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Online databases were searched for publications, and supplemental materials were recovered from official reports and research colleagues. Exposures were classified into five groups: 1) acute human RVF cases, 2) acute animal cases, 3) human RVFV sero-surveys, 4) animal sero-surveys, and 5) arthropod infections. Human risk factors, circulating RVFV lineages, and surveillance methods were also tabulated. In meta-analysis of risks, summary odds ratios were computed using random-effects modeling. 1104 unique human or animal RVFV transmission events were reported in 39 countries during 1999-2021. Outbreaks among humans or animals occurred at rates of 5.8/year and 12.4/year, respectively, with Mauritania, Madagascar, Kenya, South Africa, and Sudan having the most human outbreak years. Men had greater odds of RVFV infection than women, and animal contact, butchering, milking, and handling aborted material were significantly associated with greater odds of exposure. Animal infection risk was linked to location, proximity to water, and exposure to other herds or wildlife. RVFV was detected in a variety of mosquito vectors during interepidemic periods, confirming ongoing transmission. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE With broad variability in surveillance, case finding, survey design, and RVFV case confirmation, combined with uncertainty about populations-at-risk, there were inconsistent results from location to location. However, it was evident that RVFV transmission is expanding its range and frequency. Gaps assessment indicated the need to harmonize human and animal surveillance and improve diagnostics and genotyping. Given the frequency of RVFV outbreaks, human vaccination has strong potential to mitigate the impact of this now widely endemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli N. Gerken
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - A. Desirée LaBeaud
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Henshaw Mandi
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Charles H. King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Navien TN, Yeoh TS, Anna A, Tang TH, Citartan M. Aptamers isolated against mosquito-borne pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:131. [PMID: 34240263 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are a major threat to public health. The shortcomings of diagnostic tools, especially those that are antibody-based, have been blamed in part for the rising annual morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. Antibodies harbor a number of disadvantages that can be clearly addressed by aptamers as the more promising molecular recognition elements. Aptamers are defined as single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides generated by SELEX that exhibit high binding affinity and specificity against a wide variety of target molecules based on their unique structural conformations. A number of aptamers were developed against mosquito-borne pathogens such as Dengue virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Plasmodium parasite, Francisella tularensis, Japanese encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Yellow fever virus. Intrigued by these achievements, we carry out a comprehensive overview of the aptamers developed against these mosquito-borne infectious agents. Characteristics of the aptamers and their roles in diagnostic, therapeutic as well as other applications are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tholasi Nadhan Navien
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tzi Shien Yeoh
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Anna
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Thean-Hock Tang
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Marimuthu Citartan
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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Petrova V, Kristiansen P, Norheim G, Yimer SA. Rift valley fever: diagnostic challenges and investment needs for vaccine development. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 5:bmjgh-2020-002694. [PMID: 32816810 PMCID: PMC7437696 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift valley fever virus (RVFV) is a causative agent of a viral zoonosis that constitutes a major clinical burden in wild and domestic ruminants. The virus causes major outbreaks in livestock (sheep, goats, cattle and camels) and can be transmitted to humans by contaminated animal products or via arthropod vectors. Human-to-human transmission has not been reported to date, but spill-over events from animals have led to outbreaks in humans in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Currently, there is no licensed human vaccine against RVFV and the virus is listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organisation (WHO) due to the high epidemic potential and the lack of effective countermeasures. Multiple large RVFV outbreaks have been reported since the virus was discovered. During the last two decades, over 4000 cases and ~1000 deaths have been reported. The lack of systematic surveillance to estimate the true burden and incidence of human RVF disease is a challenge for planning future vaccine efficacy evaluation. This creates a need for robust diagnostic methodologies that can be deployed in remote regions to aid case confirmation, assessment of seroprevalence as well as pathogen surveillance required for the different stages of vaccine evaluation. Here, we perform comprehensive landscaping of the available diagnostic solutions for detection of RVFV in humans. Based on the identified gaps in the currently available in-house and commercially available methods, we highlight the specific investment needs for diagnostics that are critical for accelerating the development of effective vaccines against RVFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Kristiansen
- Vaccine Research and Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Solomon A Yimer
- Vaccine Research and Development, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway
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Cytometry Multiplex Bead Antibody Array. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33237410 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1064-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The flow cytometry-based multiplex bead array is an advanced technology using antibody-conjugated multiplex beads to detect soluble targets in a liquid phase. This technology has been widely used for detection of soluble analytes like cytokines, chemokines, allergens, viral antigens, and cancer markers. RayPlex® Multiplex Beads Antibody Array series are developed by RayBiotech Life, Inc. to quantitatively detect a wide range of analytes with high sensitivity to meet increasing need of research and diagnosis.
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Hoste ACR, Ruiz T, Fernández-Pacheco P, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Djadjovski I, Moreno S, Brun A, Edwards TA, Barr JN, Rueda P, Sastre P. Development of a multiplex assay for antibody detection in serum against pathogens affecting ruminants. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1229-1239. [PMID: 32767820 PMCID: PMC8246919 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous infectious diseases impacting livestock impose an important economic burden and in some cases also represent a threat to humans and are classified as zoonoses. Some zoonotic diseases are transmitted by vectors and, due to complex environmental and socio‐economic factors, the distribution of many of these pathogens is changing, with increasing numbers being found in previously unaffected countries. Here, we developed a multiplex assay, based on a suspension microarray, able to detect specific antibodies to five important pathogens of livestock (three of them zoonotic) that are currently emerging in new geographical locations: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the bacteria complex Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using the Luminex platform, polystyrene microspheres were coated with recombinant proteins from each of the five pathogens. The mix of microspheres was used for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against the five corresponding diseases affecting ruminants. The following panel of sera was included in the study: 50 sera from sheep experimentally infected with RVFV, 74 sera from calves and lambs vaccinated with SBV, 26 sera from cattle vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis, 30 field sera from different species of ruminants infected with CCHFV and 88 calf sera infected with BTV. Finally, to determine its diagnostic specificity 220 field sera from Spanish farms free of the five diseases were assessed. All the sera were classified using commercial ELISAs specific for each disease, used in this study as the reference technique. The results showed the multiplex assay exhibited good performance characteristics with values of sensitivity ranging from 93% to 100% and of specificity ranging from 96% to 99% depending on the pathogen. This new tool allows the simultaneous detection of antibodies against five important pathogens, reducing the volume of sample needed and the time of analysis where these pathogens are usually tested individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C R Hoste
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada (Eurofins-INGENASA), Madrid, Spain.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tamara Ruiz
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada (Eurofins-INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Igor Djadjovski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Ss. Cyril & Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Alejandro Brun
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Thomas A Edwards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John N Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paloma Rueda
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada (Eurofins-INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sastre
- Eurofins-Inmunología y Genética Aplicada (Eurofins-INGENASA), Madrid, Spain
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Mbewana S, Meyers AE, Weber B, Mareledwane V, Ferreira ML, Majiwa PAO, Rybicki EP. Expression of Rift Valley fever virus N-protein in Nicotiana benthamiana for use as a diagnostic antigen. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:77. [PMID: 30537953 PMCID: PMC6290525 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), the causative agent of Rift Valley fever, is an enveloped single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus in the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. The virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and affects ruminants and humans, causing abortion storms in pregnant ruminants, high neonatal mortality in animals, and morbidity and occasional fatalities in humans. The disease is endemic in parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, but is described as emerging due to the wide range of mosquitoes that could spread the disease into non-endemic regions. There are different tests for determining whether animals are infected with or have been exposed to RVFV. The most common serological test is antibody ELISA, which detects host immunoglobulins M or G produced specifically in response to infection with RVFV. The presence of antibodies to RVFV nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) is among the best indicators of RVFV exposure in animals. This work describes an investigation of the feasibility of producing a recombinant N-protein in Nicotiana benthamiana and using it in an ELISA. RESULTS The human-codon optimised RVFV N-protein was successfully expressed in N. benthamiana via Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration of leaves. The recombinant protein was detected as monomers and dimers with maximum protein yields calculated to be 500-558 mg/kg of fresh plant leaves. The identity of the protein was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) resulting in 87.35% coverage, with 264 unique peptides. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the protein forms ring structures of ~ 10 nm in diameter. Preliminary data revealed that the protein could successfully differentiate between sera of RVFV-infected sheep and from sera of those not infected with the virus. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating the successful production of RVFV N-protein as a diagnostic reagent by Agrobacterium-mediated transient heterologous expression in N. benthamiana. Preliminary testing of the antigen showed its ability to distinguish RVFV-positive animal sera from RVFV negative animal sera when used in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cost-effective, scalable and simple production method has great potential for use in developing countries where rapid diagnosis of RVFV is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandiswa Mbewana
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, 6503200115084, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Ann E. Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, 6503200115084, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Brandon Weber
- Structural Biology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, P Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa
| | - Vuyokazi Mareledwane
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 100 Old Southpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Maryke L. Ferreira
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 100 Old Southpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Phelix A. O. Majiwa
- ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 100 Old Southpan Road, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, 6503200115084, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
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Evaluation of Fluorescence Microsphere Immunoassay for Detection of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleocapsid Protein and Glycoproteins. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01626-17. [PMID: 29563201 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01626-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic virus that infects ruminants, including cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and buffalo. Multiplexing diagnostic assays that can simultaneously detect antibodies against multiple RVFV antigens offer a high-throughput test for disease surveillance and vaccine evaluations. We describe the improvement and evaluation of a previously developed fluorescence microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against the RVFV glycoprotein (Gn) and the immunogenic nucleocapsid protein (Np). Well-characterized vaccinated and experimentally infected ruminant sera were used for the evaluation of the assay. Recombinant viral proteins were produced and then coupled to polystyrene magnetic beads for analysis using the Luminex MAGPIX system with xMAP technology. The FMIA was performed in parallel with virus neutralization tests. Our results revealed the highest median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values for the detection of IgG antibodies against RVFV Np, indicating that this antigen would be a good candidate for a screening assay. The Np and Gn targets could differentiate infected animals from animals vaccinated with a candidate subunit vaccine formulation based on the RVFV Gn and Gc proteins. The results presented in this report demonstrate that FMIA provides a rapid and robust serological diagnostic tool for the detection of antibodies against RVFV. The targets developed in this assay provide the basis for the development of a companion diagnostic test for an RVFV Gn/Gc subunit vaccine that is capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), as well as a multiplex serodiagnostic assay that can simultaneously screen for several ruminant diseases.
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10
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Hossain MM, Wilson WC, Faburay B, Richt J, McVey DS, Rowland RR. Multiplex Detection of IgG and IgM to Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleoprotein, Nonstructural Proteins, and Glycoprotein in Ovine and Bovine. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:550-7. [PMID: 27380552 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex fluorescence microsphere immunoassay (FMIA) was used to detect bovine and ovine IgM and IgG antibodies to several Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) proteins, including the major surface glycoprotein, Gn; the nonstructural proteins, NSs and NSm; and the nucleoprotein, N. Target antigens were assembled into a multiplex and tested in serum samples from infected wild-type RVFV or MP12, a modified live virus vaccine. As expected, the N protein was immunodominant and the best target for early detection of infection. Antibody activity against the other targets was also detected. The experimental results demonstrate the capabilities of FMIA for the detection of antibodies to RVFV structural and nonstructural proteins, which can be applied to future development and validation of diagnostic tests that can be used to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Hossain
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas.,2 USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - William C Wilson
- 2 USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Bonto Faburay
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jürgen Richt
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - David S McVey
- 2 USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research , Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Raymond R Rowland
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Sánchez-Matamoros A, Nieto-Pelegrín E, Beck C, Rivera-Arroyo B, Lecollinet S, Sailleau C, Zientara S, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Development of a Luminex-Based DIVA Assay for Serological Detection of African Horse Sickness Virus in Horses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 63:353-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sánchez-Matamoros
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Animal Health Department; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
- CEI Campus Moncloa; UCM-UPM; Madrid Spain
| | - E. Nieto-Pelegrín
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Animal Health Department; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - C. Beck
- Animal Health Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); UPE, UMR 1161 ANSES, INRA, ENVA; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - B. Rivera-Arroyo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Animal Health Department; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - S. Lecollinet
- Animal Health Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); UPE, UMR 1161 ANSES, INRA, ENVA; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - C. Sailleau
- Animal Health Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); UPE, UMR 1161 ANSES, INRA, ENVA; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - S. Zientara
- Animal Health Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); UPE, UMR 1161 ANSES, INRA, ENVA; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - J. M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
- Animal Health Department; Universidad Complutense Madrid; Madrid Spain
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12
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A High-Performance Multiplex Immunoassay for Serodiagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Neurological Diseases in Horses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:678084. [PMID: 26457301 PMCID: PMC4589573 DOI: 10.1155/2015/678084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are flaviviruses responsible for severe neuroinvasive infections in humans and horses. The confirmation of flavivirus infections is mostly based on rapid serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). These tests suffer from poor specificity, mainly due to antigenic cross-reactivity among flavivirus members. Robust diagnosis therefore needs to be validated through virus neutralisation tests (VNTs) which are time-consuming and require BSL3 facilities. The flavivirus envelope (E) glycoprotein ectodomain is composed of three domains (D) named DI, DII, and DIII, with EDIII containing virus-specific epitopes. In order to improve the serological differentiation of flavivirus infections, the recombinant soluble ectodomain of WNV E (WNV.sE) and EDIIIs (rEDIIIs) of WNV, JEV, and TBEV were synthesised using the Drosophila S2 expression system. Purified antigens were covalently bonded to fluorescent beads. The microspheres coupled to WNV.sE or rEDIIIs were assayed with about 300 equine immune sera from natural and experimental flavivirus infections and 172 nonimmune equine sera as negative controls. rEDIII-coupled microspheres captured specific antibodies against WNV, TBEV, or JEV in positive horse sera. This innovative multiplex immunoassay is a powerful alternative to ELISAs and VNTs for veterinary diagnosis of flavivirus-related diseases.
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13
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Mansfield KL, Banyard AC, McElhinney L, Johnson N, Horton DL, Hernández-Triana LM, Fooks AR. Rift Valley fever virus: A review of diagnosis and vaccination, and implications for emergence in Europe. Vaccine 2015; 33:5520-5531. [PMID: 26296499 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus, and is the causative agent of Rift Valley fever (RVF), a zoonotic disease characterised by an increased incidence of abortion or foetal malformation in ruminants. Infection in humans can also lead to clinical manifestations that in severe cases cause encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever. The virus is endemic throughout much of the African continent. However, the emergence of RVFV in the Middle East, northern Egypt and the Comoros Archipelago has highlighted that the geographical range of RVFV may be increasing, and has led to the concern that an incursion into Europe may occur. At present, there is a limited range of veterinary vaccines available for use in endemic areas, and there is no licensed human vaccine. In this review, the methods available for diagnosis of RVFV infection, the current status of vaccine development and possible implications for RVFV emergence in Europe, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Mansfield
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Lorraine McElhinney
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Daniel L Horton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw KT15 3NB, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
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14
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Chen R, Yu XL, Gao XB, Xue CY, Song CX, Li Y, Cao YC. Bead-based suspension array for simultaneous differential detection of five major swine viruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:919-28. [PMID: 25557628 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel multiplex detection array based on Luminex xMAP technology was developed and validated for simultaneous detection of five major viruses causing swine reproductive diseases. By combining one-step asymmetric multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with xMAP bead-based hybridization and flow cytometry analysis, the resulting multiplex assay was capable of detecting single and mixed infections of PRRSV, PCV-2, PRV, CSFV, and PPV in a single reaction. The assay accurately detected and differentiated 23 viral strains used in this study. The low detection limit was determined as 2.2-22 copies/μL (corresponding to 0.5-6.8 fg/μL DNA template) on plasmid constructs containing viral fragments. The intra-assay and inter-assay variances (CV%) were low that ranged from 2.5 to 5.4 % and 4.1 to 7.6 %, respectively. The assay was applied to test field samples and detected single and mixed viral infections. The detection rate was higher than that of uniplex conventional PCR and RT-PCR methods. The detection of PRRSV by the bead-based multiplex assay was comparable with a commercially available real time RT-PCR kit. The test procedure on purified DNA or RNA samples could be completed within 2 h. In conclusion, the bead-based suspension array presented here proved to be a high-throughput practical tool that provided highly specific and sensitive identification of single and multiple infections of five major viruses in pigs and boar semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Animal Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Technical Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No.66 Huacheng Dadao Ave., Zhujiangxincheng, Guangzhou, 510623, China,
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15
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Zhang Y, Brooks WA, Goswami D, Rahman M, Luby SP, Erdman DD. A duplex recombinant viral nucleoprotein microbead immunoassay for simultaneous detection of seroresponses to human respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus infections. J Virol Methods 2014; 206:55-62. [PMID: 24859050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serologic diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections has been shown to complement virus detection methods in epidemiologic studies. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using cultured virus lysate antigens are often used to diagnose infection by demonstration of a ≥4-fold rises in antibody titer between acute and convalescent serum pairs. In this study, hRSV and hMPV nucleocapsid (recN) proteins were expressed in a baculovirus system and their performance compared with virus culture lysate antigen in EIAs using paired serum specimens collected from symptomatic children. The recN proteins were also used to develop a duplex assay based on the Luminex microbead-based suspension array technology, where diagnostic rises in antibody levels could be determined simultaneously at a single serum dilution. Antibody levels measured by the recN and viral lysate EIAs correlated moderately (hRSV, r(2)=0.72; hMPV, r(2)=0.76); the recN EIAs identified correctly 35 of 37 (94.6%) and 48 of 50 (96%) serum pairs showing diagnostic antibody rises by viral lysate EIAs. Purified recN proteins were then coupled to microbeads and serum pairs were tested at a single dilution on a Luminex MAGPIX(®) analyzer. The duplex recN assay identified correctly 33 of 39 (85%) and 41 of 47 (86.7%) serum pairs showing diagnostic rises to hRSV and hMPV, respectively. The recN assay permits simultaneous testing for acute hRSV and hMPV infections and offers a platform for expanded multiplexing of other respiratory virus assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Zhang
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Battelle, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Doli Goswami
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen P Luby
- Woods Institute of the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dean D Erdman
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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16
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Christopher-Hennings J, Araujo KPC, Souza CJH, Fang Y, Lawson S, Nelson EA, Clement T, Dunn M, Lunney JK. Opportunities for bead-based multiplex assays in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:671-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713507256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bead-based multiplex assays (BBMAs) are applicable for high throughput, simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in solution (from several to 50–500 analytes within a single, small sample volume). Currently, few assays are commercially available for veterinary applications, but they are available to identify and measure various cytokines, growth factors and their receptors, inflammatory proteins, kinases and inhibitors, neurobiology proteins, and pathogens and antibodies in human beings, nonhuman primates, and rodent species. In veterinary medicine, various nucleic acid and protein-coupled beads can be used in, or for the development of, antigen and antibody BBMAs, with the advantage that more data can be collected using approximately the same amount of labor as used for other antigen and antibody assays. Veterinary-related BBMAs could be used for detection of pathogens, genotyping, measurement of hormone levels, and in disease surveillance and vaccine assessment. It will be important to evaluate whether BBMAs are “fit for purpose,” how costs and efficiencies compare between assays, which assays are published or commercially available for specific veterinary applications, and what procedures are involved in the development of the assays. It is expected that many veterinary-related BBMAs will be published and/or become commercially available in the next few years. The current review summarizes the BBMA technology and some of the currently available BBMAs developed for veterinary settings. Some of the human diagnostic BBMAs are also described, providing an example of possible templates for future development of new veterinary-related BBMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Christopher-Hennings
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Karla P. C. Araujo
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Carlos J. H. Souza
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Ying Fang
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Steven Lawson
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Eric A. Nelson
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Travis Clement
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Michael Dunn
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
| | - Joan K. Lunney
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Christopher-Hennings, Fang, Lawson, Nelson, Clement, Dunn)
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD (Araujo, Souza, Lunney)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corp. (EMBRAPA), Pecuaria Sul, Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Souza)
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17
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Jäckel S, Eiden M, Dauber M, Balkema-Buschmann A, Brun A, Groschup MH. Generation and application of monoclonal antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus nucleocapsid protein NP and glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Arch Virol 2013; 159:535-46. [PMID: 24100475 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a vector-borne virus that causes high neonatal mortality in livestock and deadly haemorrhagic fever in humans. In this paper, we describe the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against all three structural proteins of RVFV (glycoproteins Gn and Gc and nucleocapsid protein NP). After immunization of BALB/c mice with individual recombinant proteins, a total of 45 clones secreting ELISA-reactive monoclonal antibodies against NP, Gn and Gc epitopes were obtained. Twelve clones were directed to NP, 28 to Gn, and 5 to Gc. Western blot analysis revealed that most of the mabs were reactive to linearized epitopes on recombinant as well as native virus proteins. Six mabs against NP, 21 against Gn and all mabs against Gc also detected conformational epitopes, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence on RVFV-infected cells. All of the mabs were evaluated for their use in a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of a RVFV infection. Several mabs were identified that competed with polyclonal rabbit serum, and one of them - mab Gn123, raised against Gn protein - was selected for a proof-of-principle study with field sera from a recent Rift Valley fever outbreak. The novel Gn-based competition ELISA demonstrated high performance, offering a promising alternative and addition to serological assays based on nucleocapsid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jäckel
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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18
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Jäckel S, Eiden M, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ziller M, Jansen van Vuren P, Paweska J, Groschup M. A novel indirect ELISA based on glycoprotein Gn for the detection of IgG antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus in small ruminants. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:725-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Basile AJ, Horiuchi K, Panella AJ, Laven J, Kosoy O, Lanciotti RS, Venkateswaran N, Biggerstaff BJ. Multiplex microsphere immunoassays for the detection of IgM and IgG to arboviral diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75670. [PMID: 24086608 PMCID: PMC3783417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnosis of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) at the Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, CDC, employs a combination of individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and microsphere immunoassays (MIAs) to test for IgM and IgG, followed by confirmatory plaque-reduction neutralization tests. Based upon the geographic origin of a sample, it may be tested concurrently for multiple arboviruses, which can be a cumbersome task. The advent of multiplexing represents an opportunity to streamline these types of assays; however, because serologic cross-reactivity of the arboviral antigens often confounds results, it is of interest to employ data analysis methods that address this issue. Here, we constructed 13-virus multiplexed IgM and IgG MIAs that included internal and external controls, based upon the Luminex platform. Results from samples tested using these methods were analyzed using 8 different statistical schemes to identify the best way to classify the data. Geographic batteries were also devised to serve as a more practical diagnostic format, and further samples were tested using the abbreviated multiplexes. Comparative error rates for the classification schemes identified a specific boosting method based on logistic regression “Logitboost” as the classification method of choice. When the data from all samples tested were combined into one set, error rates from the multiplex IgM and IgG MIAs were <5% for all geographic batteries. This work represents both the most comprehensive, validated multiplexing method for arboviruses to date, and also the most systematic attempt to determine the most useful classification method for use with these types of serologic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Basile
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kalanthe Horiuchi
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Panella
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janeen Laven
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Olga Kosoy
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Lanciotti
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Brad J. Biggerstaff
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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20
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Escadafal C, Paweska JT, Grobbelaar A, le Roux C, Bouloy M, Patel P, Teichmann A, Donoso-Mantke O, Niedrig M. International external quality assessment of molecular detection of Rift Valley fever virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2244. [PMID: 23717706 PMCID: PMC3662703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals resulting in considerable economic losses due to death and abortions among infected livestock. RVF also affects humans with clinical symptoms ranging from an influenza-like illness to a hemorrhagic fever. Over the past years, RVF virus (RVFV) has caused severe outbreaks in livestock and humans throughout Africa and regions of the world previously regarded as free of the virus. This situation prompts the need to evaluate the diagnostic capacity and performance of laboratories worldwide. Diagnostic methods for RVFV detection include virus isolation, antigen and antibody detection methods, and nucleic acid amplification techniques. Molecular methods such as reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and other newly developed techniques allow for a rapid and accurate detection of RVFV. This study aims to assess the efficiency and accurateness of RVFV molecular diagnostic methods used by expert laboratories worldwide. Thirty expert laboratories from 16 countries received a panel of 14 samples which included RVFV preparations representing several genetic lineages, a specificity control and negative controls. In this study we present the results of the first international external quality assessment (EQA) for the molecular diagnosis of RVF. Optimal results were reported by 64% of the analyses, 21% of the analyses achieved acceptable results and 15% of the results revealed that there is need for improvement. Evenly good performances were achieved by specific protocols which can therefore be recommended as an accurate molecular protocol for the diagnosis of RVF. Other protocols showed uneven performances revealing the need for improved optimization and standardization of these protocols. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease posing an increasing threat to animals and humans worldwide. Recent severe outbreaks of the disease in animal and human populations in endemic regions and outside the disease's traditional geographic boundaries necessitate the need for evaluating the diagnostic performance of RVF expert laboratories. Molecular methods are increasingly used for a rapid and accurate detection of viral nucleic acid. In this study we present the results of the first international external quality assessment (EQA) for the molecular diagnosis of RVF. Such EQA studies allow participating laboratories to monitor the quality and identify possible weaknesses of current diagnostic methods. Participants to this RVF EQA were 30 expert laboratories from 16 different countries worldwide. The study demonstrated that optimal results could be achieved by the majority of laboratories. Specific protocols showed evenly good performances and can therefore be recommended to all expert laboratories. However, other methods showed uneven performances suggesting the need for improved optimization and standardization of these protocols.
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21
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van der Wal FJ, Achterberg RP, Kant A, Maassen CBM. A bead-based suspension array for the serological detection of Trichinella in pigs. Vet J 2012. [PMID: 23177539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using bead-based suspension arrays to detect serological evidence of Trichinella in pigs was assessed. Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigen was covalently coupled to paramagnetic beads and used to bind serum antibodies, which were subsequently detected using anti-swine antibody. The assay was evaluated by testing pig sera from farms where trichinellosis was endemic and comparing the results with those obtained using two commercially available ELISAs. With cut-offs established by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, digestion-negative sera from a Trichinella-free population of pigs were deemed seronegative. When anti-swine antibody was replaced with protein A/G, higher test sensitivity (94% vs. 88%) at similar test specificity (95%), was achieved. The potential use of this assay in species other than swine was also demonstrated by testing human sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J van der Wal
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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