1
|
Shanmugam ST, Steijlen A, Laurijssen D, Campos R, Steckel J, Daems W, Bassini S, Daems E, De Wael K. A 96-Well LED Array for Multiplexed Photoelectrochemical Detection of Nucleic Acids. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39264177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical detection of nucleic acid-based cancer biomarkers offers opportunities for highly sensitive, selective, and fast quantitative detection using low-cost measurement instruments. In order to establish itself as a standard method for identifying and quantifying nucleic acids, we have developed a multiplexing strategy using LED technology for photoelectrochemical detection in 96 samples simultaneously. A dedicated setup based on the 96-well plate configuration with a custom-made 96-well LED array was developed. Subsequently, a proof-of-concept study was performed for three miRNAs that are associated with prostate cancer, i.e., miRNA-141, miRNA-145, and miRNA-375. First, measurements with photosensitizer chlorin e6 and redox reporter hydroquinone free in solution proved the proper functioning of the multiplexed detection. Second, the photoelectrochemical detection of the three miRNAs at 24 nM levels was successfully demonstrated. Thereafter, linear calibration curves (R2 > 0.9 for all analytes) were made with plasma spiked with 8-500 pM miRNA. This work presents the first system for multiplexed high-throughput photoelectrochemical detection, allowing it potentially to become a cost-effective and faster alternative to RT-qPCR and gene sequencing techniques in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- Antwerp Engineering, Photoelectrochemistry and Sensing (A-PECS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Annemarijn Steijlen
- Antwerp Engineering, Photoelectrochemistry and Sensing (A-PECS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Dennis Laurijssen
- Cosys-Lab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Rui Campos
- Antwerp Engineering, Photoelectrochemistry and Sensing (A-PECS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Jan Steckel
- Cosys-Lab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Walter Daems
- Cosys-Lab, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Simone Bassini
- Antwerp Engineering, Photoelectrochemistry and Sensing (A-PECS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Elise Daems
- Antwerp Engineering, Photoelectrochemistry and Sensing (A-PECS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Antwerp Engineering, Photoelectrochemistry and Sensing (A-PECS), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu H, Wang G, Liu X, Wu W, Yu T, Zhang W, Liu X, Cheng G, Wei L, Ni L, Peng Z, Li X, Xu D, Qian P, Chen P. Establishment and application of a quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR assay for differentiation of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106646. [PMID: 38631414 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Porcine viral diarrhea is a common ailment in clinical settings, causing significant economic losses to the swine industry. Notable culprits behind porcine viral diarrhea encompass transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and porcine rotavirus-A (PoRVA). Co-infections involving the viruses are a common occurrence in clinical settings, thereby amplifying the complexities associated with differential diagnosis. As a consequence, it is therefore necessary to develop a method that can detect and differentiate all four porcine diarrhea viruses (TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA) with a high sensitivity and specificity. Presently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the go-to method for pathogen detection. In comparison to conventional PCR, TaqMan real-time PCR offers heightened sensitivity, superior specificity, and enhanced accuracy. This study aimed to develop a quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR assay, utilizing TaqMan probes, for the distinctive detection of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA. The quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR assay, as devised in this study, exhibited the capacity to avoid the detection of unrelated pathogens and demonstrated commendable specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility, boasting a limit of detection (LOD) of 27 copies/μL. In a comparative analysis involving 5483 clinical samples, the results from the commercial RT-qPCR kit and the quadruplex RT-qPCR for TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA detection were entirely consistent. Following sample collection from October to March in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, we assessed the prevalence of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA in piglet diarrhea samples, revealing positive detection rates of 0.2 % (11/5483), 8.82 % (485/5483), 1.22 % (67/5483), and 4.94 % (271/5483), respectively. The co-infection rates of PEDV/PoRVA, PEDV/PDCoV, TGEV/PED/PoRVA, and PDCoV/PoRVA were 0.39 %, 0.11 %, 0.01 %, and 0.03 %, respectively, with no detection of other co-infections, as determined by the quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR. This research not only established a valuable tool for the simultaneous differentiation of TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and PoRVA in practical applications but also provided crucial insights into the prevalence of these viral pathogens causing diarrhea in Guangxi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China; National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China
| | - Xiangzu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Yu
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China
| | | | - Xiangdong Liu
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liuqing Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lumei Ni
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., LTD, Guigang, 537100, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dequan Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Pin Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Collegel of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sozzi E, Leo G, Bertasio C, Alborali GL, Salogni C, Tonni M, Formenti N, Lelli D, Moreno A, Trogu T, Canziani S, Tolini C, Cerioli MP, Lavazza A. Presence and Characterisation of Porcine Respirovirus 1 (PRV1) in Northern Italy. Pathogens 2024; 13:85. [PMID: 38251392 PMCID: PMC10819322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine Respirovirus 1 (PRV1) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Respirovirus within the Paramyxoviridae family. Since its first detection in China in 2013, PRV1 has been identified in several American and European countries. Although its pathogenicity is uncertain, recent studies have suggested that it may play a role in the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) because of its capacity to replicate in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. This study aimed to determine the spread of PRV1 in Northern Italy and the phylogeny of the isolates. Therefore, PRV1 was investigated using real-time RT-PCR in 902 samples collected from September 2022 to September 2023 from pigs with respiratory symptoms in North Italy. Fourteen (1.55%) samples tested as PRV1-positive. The full-length fusion (F) gene, which codifies for a major surface protein, was amplified and used for phylogenetic analysis to help carry out molecular epidemiological studies on this virus. In addition, swine influenza virus (SIV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections were detected in most of the PRV1-positive samples. In conclusion, we report the detection of PRV1 in Italy and discuss its potential role as a co-factor in causing the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Sozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), Via Antonio Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (G.L.); (C.B.); (G.L.A.); (C.S.); (M.T.); (N.F.); (D.L.); (A.M.); (T.T.); (S.C.); (C.T.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lunardi M, Darold GM, Francescon RRS, Alfieri AA. First report of porcine respirovirus 1 in Brazil. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106222. [PMID: 37406836 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1), currently referred to as Respirovirus suis, was first described in deceased pigs at a Hong Kong slaughterhouse. Since then, PRV1 strains have been detected in pig herds in American, European, and Asian countries. Considering that Brazil is the fourth-largest global producer and exporter of pork, we aimed to detect the PRV1 RNA in biological samples collected from intensive pig farming in the midwestern region of Brazil. Oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from pigs of different ages at an intensive commercial pig operation. These samples were tested using reverse transcription semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. In this study, the frequency of identification of PRV1 RNA in feces was found to be 2% (1/50), whereas the detection rate of PRV1 in the respiratory mucosa was approximately 1% (1/90). Therefore, a low rate of PRV1 detection was observed only in weaned pigs aged 33-50 days. Sequence analyses revealed that the two Brazilian PRV1 strains were closely related to previously reported strains mainly from Asian countries such as Vietnam, China, and South Korea. These strains clustered with PRV1 sequences classified into the European lineage 1. This is the first report of PRV1 in a commercial pig herd in Brazil. To accurately determine the frequency of detection of PRV1 among pigs in intensive commercial pig farms in Brazil, additional prospective and retrospective studies should be conducted. These studies should aim to detect PRV1 in pig herds with diverse respiratory disease statuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela M Darold
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiaba, 3300 Historiador Rubens de Mendonça Avenue, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78050-000, Brazil.
| | - Roger R S Francescon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiaba, 3300 Historiador Rubens de Mendonça Avenue, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78050-000, Brazil.
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JM, Kim HR, Jeon GT, Baek JS, Kwon OD, Park CK. Molecular Detection of Porcine Parainfluenza Viruses 1 and 5 Using a Newly Developed Duplex Real-Time RT-PCR in South Korea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040598. [PMID: 36830385 PMCID: PMC9951646 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two species of porcine parainfluenza viruses (PPIV), PPIV1 and PPIV5, are globally distributed in pig herds and associated with porcine respiratory diseases, and a diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of the two viruses is required. In this study, a TaqMan probe-based duplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (dqRT-PCR) assay was first developed for the differential detection of PPIV1 and PPIV5 nucleocapsid protein (NP) genes in porcine clinical samples. The dqRT-PCR assay was highly sensitive, its limit of detection was approximately 10 RNA copies/reaction, it specifically amplified the targeted NP genes of PPIV1 and PPIV5 without cross-reacting with other porcine pathogens, and their clinical detection rates were 15.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The results from 441 clinical samples taken from 278 Korean domestic pig farms showed that the prevalence of PPIV1 and PPIV5 was 11.2% and 1.1%, respectively, and co-infection of both viruses was confirmed in a farm, suggesting that PPIV1 and PPIV5 are co-circulating in current Korean pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NP genes suggested that genetically diverse PPIV1 strains are circulating in Korean pig herds. The developed dqRT-PCR assay was found to be an accurate, reliable, and quantitative detection tool for PPIV1 and PPIV5 RNA in clinical pig samples and will be useful for etiological and epidemiological studies and the control of viral infections in the field.
Collapse
|
6
|
Park J, Kim HR, Kim JM, Lee KK, Kim WI, Lyoo YS, Kwon OD, Park CK, Park SC. First report of Porcine respirovirus 1 in South Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:4041-4047. [PMID: 36174972 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1) is a recently emerging porcine respiratory virus that belongs to the genus Respirovirus of the Paramyxoviridae family. Since its first detection in Hong Kong, China in 2009, PRV1 has been subsequently identified in several American and European countries, suggesting that the emerging virus may have been globally distributed. However, in Asia, the virus has been reported only in China. Here, we report that PRV1 was first detected in pigs from 16 farms located in seven provinces across Korea, with a prevalence of 71.4% based on the tested oral fluid samples, suggesting that the virus is already widespread in Korean pig herds. For further genetic characterization of the Korean PRV1 strains, a complete genome and two F gene sequences were obtained from PRV1-positive samples collected from three different pig farms. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome and F gene sequences showed that all three Korean PRV1 strains were grouped into European lineage 1 and were closely related to strains from Hong Kong (China), Germany and Poland. We could not obtain evidence for the origin of Korean PRV1 because of the limited availability of PRV1 sequences. In conclusion, PRV1 was first identified in Korean pig herds and genetically characterized in the present study. These results contribute to a better understanding of the global geographical distribution and genetic characteristics of PRV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Yuan F, Yan X, Matta T, Cino-Ozuna GA, Fang Y. Characterization of an emerging porcine respirovirus 1 isolate in the US: A novel viral vector for expression of foreign antigens. Virology 2022; 570:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Stadejek T, Cybulski P, Gauger PC, Woźniak A. European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030375. [PMID: 35335699 PMCID: PMC8948755 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently emerged respirovirus closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SenV). PPIV-1 has been detected in Asia, the Americas and Europe, but knowledge on its epidemiology and genetic diversity is very limited. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F)-protein gene obtained from samples from 12 Polish and 11 US herds were analysed and compared to previously available genetic data from the Americas, Asia and Europe. The existence of two distinct clades was observed, grouping European sequences and one Hong Kong sequence (clade 1), or one American sequence and three Asian sequences (clade 2). The mean genetic distances measured with the p-distance were 0.04 (S.E., 0.000) within both clades, and 0.095 (S.E., 0.006) between the clades. Moreover, two distinct clusters of highly similar sequences were identified, which corresponded to the geographically distant nurseries and finishing units, from three pig flows within one Polish pig-production company. The obtained data indicate that the two PPIV-1 lineages may have evolved independently in Europe and America. More studies, particularly involving Asian viruses, are necessary to understand the virus’ emergence and epidemiology and the role of carriers in the spread of PPIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Piotr Cybulski
- Goodvalley Agro S.A., Dworcowa 25, 77-320 Przechlewo, Poland;
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA;
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Detection of Porcine Respirovirus 1 (PRV1) in Poland: Incidence of Co-Infections with Influenza A Virus (IAV) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in Herds with a Respiratory Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010148. [PMID: 35062350 PMCID: PMC8781826 DOI: 10.3390/v14010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1) is also known as porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV1). The prevalence and the role of PRV1 infections for pig health is largely unknown. In order to assess the PRV1 prevalence in Poland, nasal swabs and oral fluids collected from pigs from 30 farms were examined with RT real-time PCR. Additionally, IAV and PRRSV infection statuses of PRV1-positive samples were examined. The results showed that the virus is highly prevalent (76.7% farms positive) and different patterns of PRV1 circulation in herds with mild–moderate respiratory disease were observed. Co-infections with IAV and PRRSV were infrequent and detected in 8 (23.5%) and 4 (11.8%) out of 34 PRV1-positive nasal swab pools from diseased pens, respectively. In one pen PRV1, IAV, and PRRSV were detected at the same time. Interestingly, PRV1 mean Ct value in samples with co-infections was significantly lower (29.8 ± 3.1) than in samples with a single PRV1 infection (32.5 ± 3.6) (p < 0.05), which suggested higher virus replication in these populations. On the other hand, the virus detection in pig populations exhibiting respiratory clinical signs, negative for PRRSV and IAV, suggests that PRV1 should be involved in differential diagnosis of respiratory problems.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shanmugam ST, Trashin S, De Wael K. Singlet oxygen-based photoelectrochemical detection of DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113652. [PMID: 34583105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current work, designed for the photoelectrochemical detection of DNA, evaluates light-responsive DNA probes carrying molecular photosensitizers generating singlet oxygen (1O2). We take advantage of their chromophore's ability to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation and subsequent photocurrent response. Type I, fluorescent and type II photosensitizers were studied using diode lasers at 406 nm blue, 532 nm green and 659 nm red lasers in the presensce and absence of a redox reporter, hydroquinone (HQ). Only type II photosensitizers (producing 1O2) resulted in a noticeable photocurrent in 1-4 nA range upon illumination, in particular, dissolved DNA probes labeled with chlorin e6 and erythrosine were found to give a well-detectable photocurrent response in the presence of HQ. Whereas, Type I photosensitizers and fluorescent chromophores generate negligible photocurrents (<0.15 nA). The analytical performance of the sensing system was evaluated using a magnetic beads-based DNA assay on disposable electrode platforms, with a focus to enhance the sensitivity and robustness of the technique in detecting complementary DNA targets. Amplified photocurrent responses in the range of 70-100 nA were obtained and detection limits of 17 pM and 10 pM were achieved using magnetic beads-captured chlorin e6 and erythrosine labeled DNA probes respectively. The presented novel photoelectrochemical detection can further be optimized and employed in applications for which enzymatic amplification such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not applicable owing to their limitations and as an effective alternative to colorimetric detection when rapid detection of specific nucleic acid targets is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Trashin
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schuele L, Lizarazo-Forero E, Cassidy H, Strutzberg-Minder K, Boehmer J, Schuetze S, Loebert S, Lambrecht C, Harlizius J, Friedrich AW, Peter S, Rossen JWA, Couto N. First detection of porcine respirovirus 1 in Germany and the Netherlands. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3120-3125. [PMID: 33837672 PMCID: PMC9292642 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porcine respirovirus 1, also referred to as porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV‐1), was first detected in deceased pigs from Hong Kong in 2013. It has since then been found in the USA, Chile and most recently in Hungary. Information on the pathogenicity and global spread is sparse. However, it has been speculated to play a role in the porcine respiratory disease complex. To investigate the porcine virome, we screened 53 pig samples from 26 farms within the Dutch–German border region using shotgun metagenomics sequencing (SMg). After detecting PPIV‐1 in five farms through SMg, a real‐time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT‐qPCR) assay was designed, which not only confirmed the presence of the virus in 1 of the 5 farms but found an additional 6 positive farms. Phylogenetic analysis found the closest match to be the first detected PPIV‐1 strain in Hong Kong. The Dutch‐German region represents a significant area of pig farming within Europe and could provide important information on the characterization and circulation of porcine viruses, such as PPIV‐1. With its recent detection in Hungary, these findings suggest widespread circulation of PPIV‐1 in Central Europe, highlighting the need for further research on persistence, pathogenicity and transmission in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Schuele
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erley Lizarazo-Forero
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hayley Cassidy
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Boehmer
- IVD Innovative Veterinary Diagnostics (IVD GmbH), Seelze, Germany
| | - Sabine Schuetze
- Animal Health Services, Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Loebert
- Animal Health Services, Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Lambrecht
- Animal Health Services, Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Juergen Harlizius
- Animal Health Services, Chamber of Agriculture of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Alex W Friedrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Peter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John W A Rossen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Natacha Couto
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands.,The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|