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Paik SS, Lee JM, Ko IG, Kim SR, Kang SW, An J, Kim JA, Kim D, Hwang L, Jin JJ, Kim SH, Cha JY, Choi CW. Pirfenidone Alleviates Inflammation and Fibrosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Modulating the Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8014. [PMID: 39125585 PMCID: PMC11311955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs as an acute onset condition, and patients present with diffuse alveolar damage, refractory hypoxemia, and non-cardiac pulmonary edema. ARDS progresses through an initial exudative phase, an inflammatory phase, and a final fibrotic phase. Pirfenidone, a powerful anti-fibrotic agent, is known as an agent that inhibits the progression of fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we studied the treatment efficiency of pirfenidone on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin-induced ARDS using rats. The ARDS rat model was created by the intratracheal administration of 3 mg/kg LPS of and 3 mg/kg of bleomycin dissolved in 0.2 mL of normal saline. The pirfenidone treatment group was administered 100 or 200 mg/kg of pirfenidone dissolved in 0.5 mL distilled water orally 10 times every 2 days for 20 days. The administration of LPS and bleomycin intratracheally increased lung injury scores and significantly produced pro-inflammatory cytokines. ARDS induction increased the expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad-2 signaling factors. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 imbalance occurred, resulting in enhanced fibrosis-related factors. Treatment with pirfenidone strongly suppressed the expressions of TGF-β1/Smad-2 signaling factors and improved the imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1 compared to the untreated group. These effects led to a decrease in fibrosis factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, promoting the recovery of damaged lung tissue. These results of this study showed that pirfenidone administration suppressed inflammation and fibrosis in the ARDS animal model. Therefore, pirfenidone can be considered a new early treatment for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Sook Paik
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Jeong Mi Lee
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (S.R.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Research Support Center, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Deagu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sae Rom Kim
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (S.R.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (S.R.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Jin An
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (S.R.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.A.)
| | - Jin Ah Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongyon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.S.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (L.H.); (J.-J.J.)
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Team of Efficacy Evaluation, Orient Genia Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (L.H.); (J.-J.J.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Stat University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jun-Youl Cha
- Department of Sports and Martial Arts, Howon University, Gunsan 54058, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheon Woong Choi
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea; (J.M.L.); (S.R.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.A.)
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Abu-Baih DH, Gomaa AAR, Abdel-Wahab NM, Abdelaleem ER, Zaher AMA, Hassan NF, Bringmann G, Abdelmohsen UR, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Mokhtar FA, Abdelwahab MF. Apium extract alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats via modulating the VEGF and IK-κB/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway: insights from in silico and in vivo investigations. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:88. [PMID: 38355510 PMCID: PMC10865661 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric ulcers represent a worldwide health problem, characterized by erosions that affect the mucous membrane of the stomach and may even reach the muscular layer, leading to serious complications. Numerous natural products have been assessed as anti-ulcerogenic agents, and have been considered as new approaches for treatment or prevention of gastric ulcers. The present research investigated the preventive benefits of Apium graveolens L. (Apiaceae), known as celery, seed extract towards indomethacin-induced ulceration of the stomach in rats. METHODS Metabolomic profiling, employing liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HR-ESI-MS), was implemented with the aim of investigating the chemical profile of the seeds. Histopathological analysis of gastric tissues, as well as assessment of numerous inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indicators, confirmed the in vivo evaluation. RESULTS The prior treatment with A. graveolens seed extract resulted in a substantial reduction in the ulcer index when compared to the indomethacin group, indicating an improvement in stomach mucosal injury. Moreover, the gastroprotective effect was demonstrated through examination of the oxidative stress biomarkers which was significantly attenuated upon pre-treatment with A. graveolens seed extract. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a fundamental angiogenic factor that stimulates angiogenesis, was markedly inhibited by indomethacin. A. graveolens seed extract restored this diminished level of VEGF. The dramatic reductions in NF-κB protein levels indicate a considerable attenuation of the indomethacin-induced IKκB/NF-κB p65 signaling cascade. These activities were also correlated to the tentatively featured secondary metabolites including, phenolic acids, coumarins and flavonoids, previously evidenced to exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. According to our network pharmacology study, the identified metabolites annotated 379 unique genes, among which only 17 genes were related to gastric ulcer. The PTGS2, MMP2 and PTGS1 were the top annotated genes related to gastric ulcer. The top biological pathway was the VEGF signaling pathway. CONCLUSION A. graveolens seed extract possesses significant anti-ulcer activity, similar to famotidine, against gastric lesions induced by indomethacin in rats. It is worth highlighting that the extract overcomes the negative effects of conventional chemical anti-secretory drugs because it does not lower stomach acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H Abu-Baih
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, 61111, Egypt
| | | | | | - Enas Reda Abdelaleem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Azza M Abdel Zaher
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, 11571, Egypt
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, 61111, Egypt.
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh A Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Fujairah Research Centre, Sakamkam Road, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, 44813, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Miada F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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Joo YC, Chung JY, Kwon SO, Han JH. Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist, Polydeoxyribonucleotide Treatment Improves Locomotor Function and Thermal Hyperalgesia Following Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Int Neurourol J 2023; 27:243-251. [PMID: 38171324 PMCID: PMC10762369 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2326154.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lithotomy position has been widely used in the various urologic surgery. Occasionally sensory and motor problems of the lower extremities are occurred due to the lithotomy position and these deficits may be related with sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Inflammatory process is a factor to induce functional impairment after SNI. Therefore, we evaluated the role of adenosine A2A receptor agonists, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) showing anti-inflammatory effect on locomotor function following SNI in rats. METHODS Sciatic nerve was compressed with surgical clips for 1 minute after exposing of right sciatic nerve. After 3 days of SNI, PDRN (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg) was applied to the damaged area of sciatic nerve once daily for 10 days. Walking track analysis was conducted for locomotor function and plantar test was performed for thermal pain sensitivity. Level of cyclic adenosine-3´,5´-monophosphate (cAMP) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was performed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, cAMP response element binding protein (CREP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Immunofluorescence for neurofilament was also conducted. RESULTS Locomotor function was decreased and thermal pain sensitivity was increased by SNI. SNI enhanced proinflammatory cytokines' production, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, while suppressed CREP phosphorylation and cAMP level. SNI also reduced the expression of VEGF and neurofilaments. However, treatment with PDRN inhibited proinflammatory cytokines' production and upregulated CREP phosphorylation and cAMP expression. PDRN also enhanced the expression of VEGF and neurofilaments. As a result, PDRN improved locomotor function and alleviated thermal hyperalgesia after SNI. CONCLUSION PDRN has shown potential to be used as an effective treatment for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chan Joo
- Department of Urology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Young Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Oh Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Kyung Hee Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Jo S, Baek A, Cho Y, Kim SH, Baek D, Hwang J, Cho SR, Kim HJ. Therapeutic effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide in an in vitro neuronal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6004. [PMID: 37045900 PMCID: PMC10097812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is an agonist that selectively stimulates adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A), which suppresses inflammatory responses. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by inducing neuroinflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of PDRN in an in vitro I/R injury model. The in vitro model was established with differentiated Neuro-2a cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation condition. The cells were treated with PDRN for 24 h under reoxygenation condition. As the results of RNA-seq transcriptome analysis, CSF1, IL-6, PTPN6, RAC2, and STAT1 were identified of its relation to the effect of PDRN on inflammatory responses in the model. To further investigate therapeutic effects of PDRN, RT-qPCR, western blotting, LDH assay, and TUNEL assay were performed. PDRN significantly reversed the expression of genes and proteins related to inflammatory responses. The elevated ADORA2A expression by PDRN treatment downregulated JAK/STAT pathway in the model. Furthermore, PDRN inhibited neuronal cell death in the model. Consequently, our results suggested that PDRN alleviated inflammatory responses through inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway by mediating ADORA2A expression and inhibited neuronal cell death in the model. These results provide significant insights into potential therapeutic approaches involving PDRN treatment for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmoon Jo
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Cho
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Dawoon Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim SH, Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim BK, Baek SS. Study on the pathogenesis of liver injury caused by alcohol and drugs. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:319-323. [PMID: 34805020 PMCID: PMC8566101 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142530.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, alcohol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) were administered to experimental mice. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations, and collagen type 1alpha (COL-1A) and fibronectin expressions were measured to evaluate pathophysiology of liver injury. Levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol alone treatment, but it was not statistically significant. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment significantly increased ALT and AST levels more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly enhanced by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment significantly enhanced concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly enhanced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment, but it was not statistically significant. COL-1A and fibronectin expressions were significantly increased by alcohol treatment. Alcohol with LPS treatment significantly increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with CCL4 treatment significantly increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol alone treatment. Alcohol with LPS and CCL4 treatment increased COL-1A and fibronectin expressions more than alcohol with CCL4 treatment, but it was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Technology, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Soo Baek
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, College of Art & Culture, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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A Systematic Review of Therapeutic Approaches Used in Experimental Models of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080865. [PMID: 34440069 PMCID: PMC8389661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic bladder disorder with limited therapeutic options currently available. The present review provides an extensive overview of therapeutic approaches used in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models of IC/BPS. Publications were identified by electronic search of three online databases. Data were extracted for study design, type of treatment, main findings, and outcome, as well as for methodological quality and the reporting of measures to avoid bias. A total of 100 full-text articles were included. The majority of identified articles evaluated therapeutic agents currently recommended to treat IC/BPS by the American Urological Association guidelines (21%) and therapeutic agents currently approved to treat other diseases (11%). More recently published articles assessed therapeutic approaches using stem cells (11%) and plant-derived agents (10%), while novel potential drug targets identified were proteinase-activated (6%) and purinergic (4%) receptors, transient receptor potential channels (3%), microRNAs (2%), and activation of the cannabinoid system (7%). Our results show that the reported methodological quality of animal studies could be substantially improved, and measures to avoid bias should be more consistently reported in order to increase the value of preclinical research in IC/BPS for potential translation to a clinical setting.
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Wei Y, Wang R, Ren S, Liu X, Jing M, Li R, Tong Y, Wen J, Yang T, Wang J, Zhao Y. Zuojin Pill ameliorates inflammation in indomethacin-induced gastric injury via inhibition of MAPK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114103. [PMID: 33836259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP) has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. But its effect on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced gastric injury (GI) is still uncharted. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of ZJP on indomethacin (IDO) induced gastric injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS GI was induced in rat by oral administration of 5 mg/kg IDO. Then the rats were treated with ZJP (1.26, 2.52, 5.04 g/kg, ig). The changes of food intake, body weight, gastric pH and general state observation were carried out to determine the improvement of ZJP in IDO-induced GI: HE staining and AB-PAS staining was analyzed to characterize the thickness of gastric mucosa and micro mucosal injury; in order to elucidate the effect of ZJP on IDO-induced inflammatory injury, the inflammatory infiltration of gastric tissue was observed by MPO immunohistochemical method, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of ZJP in treating IDO-induced GI was predicted with the help of network pharmacology, and the expression levels of key proteins ERK, p-ERK, P38, p-P38, JNK, p-JNK were determined to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ZJP. RESULTS Current data strongly demonstrated that ZJP alleviated food intake reduction, weight loss and gastric injury caused by IDO and made gastric pH and mucosal thickness return to normal. In addition, ZJP could reduce the level of MPO to alleviate the inflammatory infiltration of gastric tissue. Simultaneously, ZJP could down regulate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and up regulate the expression of IL-10 to reduce the damage caused by inflammatory, and create a healing environment. Furthermore, ZJP could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK, which leaded to the increase of inflammatory factors and the damage of gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION ZJP improved local inflammation by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway, and had a good therapeutic effect on IDO-induced GI. This study has reference significance for the study of ZJP in the prevention and treatment of NSAID induced gastric injury. In addition, ZJP may be a new treatment option for the prevention and treatment of NSAID induced gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sichen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Kim TH, Heo SY, Oh GW, Heo SJ, Jung WK. Applications of Marine Organism-Derived Polydeoxyribonucleotide: Its Potential in Biomedical Engineering. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:296. [PMID: 34067499 PMCID: PMC8224764 DOI: 10.3390/md19060296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) are a family of DNA-derived drugs with a molecular weight ranging from 50 to 1500 kDa, which are mainly extracted from the sperm cells of salmon trout or chum salmon. Many pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties of PDRN, which are mediated by the activation of adenosine A2A receptor and salvage pathways, in addition to promoting osteoblast activity, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis. In fact, PDRN is already marketed due to its therapeutic properties against various wound healing- and inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, this review assessed the most recent trends in marine organism-derived PDRN using the Google Scholar search engine. Further, we summarized the current applications and pharmacological properties of PDRN to serve as a reference for the development of novel PDRN-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
- Department of Marine Biology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Deajeon 34113, Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (S.-Y.H.); (G.-W.O.)
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Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim SH, Kim CJ, Jeon JW, Chung JY, Han JH. Adenosine A2A receptor agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates short-term memory impairment by suppressing cerebral ischemia-induced inflammation via MAPK pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248689. [PMID: 33735236 PMCID: PMC7971468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia causes tissue death owing to occlusion of the cerebral blood vessels, and cerebral ischemia activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adenosine A2A receptor agonist, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), suppresses the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibits anti-inflammatory effect. In the current study, the therapeutic effect of PDRN on cerebral ischemia was evaluated using gerbils. For the induction of cerebral ischemia, the common carotid arteries were exposed, and then aneurysm clips were used to occlude the common carotid arteries bilaterally for 7 minutes. In the PDRN-treated groups, the gerbils were injected intraperitoneally with 0.3 mL of saline containing 8 mg/kg PDRN, per a day for 7 days following cerebral ischemia induction. In order to confirm the participation of the adenosine A2A receptor in the effects mediated by PDRN, 8 mg/kg 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, was treated with PDRN. In the current study, induction of ischemia enhanced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased phosphorylation of MAPK signaling factors in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala. However, treatment with PDRN ameliorated short-term memory impairment by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inactivation of MAPK signaling factors in cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, PDRN treatment enhanced the concentration of cyclic adenosine-3,5'-monophosphate (cAMP) as well as phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB). Co-treatment of DMPX and PDRN attenuated the therapeutic effect of PDRN on cerebral ischemia. Based on these findings, PDRN may be developed as the primary treatment in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee Medical Center, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim SH, Kim CJ, Won KY, Na YG, Kim KH, Kim SJ. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Agonist Polydeoxyribonucleotide Alleviates Interstitial Cystitis-Induced Voiding Dysfunction by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:367-378. [PMID: 33623409 PMCID: PMC7894910 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s287346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic disorder that indicates bladder-related pain or discomfort. Patients with IC often experience urination problems, such as urinary frequency and urgency, along with pain or discomfort in the bladder area. Therefore, new treatments based on IC etiology are needed. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a biologic agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor, and PDRN has anti-inflammatory effect and inhibits apoptosis. In the current study, the effect of PDRN on cyclophosphamide-induced IC animal model was investigated using rats. Methodology To induce the IC animal model, 75 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally once every 3 days for 10 days. The rats in the PDRN-treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL physiological saline containing 8 mg/kg PDRN, once a day for 10 days after IC induction. Results Induction of IC by cyclophosphamide injection caused voiding dysfunction, bladder edema, and histological damage. Cyclophosphamide injection increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced apoptosis. In contrast, PDRN treatment alleviated voiding dysfunction, bladder edema, and histological damage. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and expressions of apoptotic factors were suppressed by PDRN treatment. These changes indicate that treatment with PDRN improves voiding function by ultimately promoting the repair of damaged bladder tissue. Conclusion The conclusion of this experiment suggests the possibility that PDRN could be used as an effective therapeutic agent for IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeoun Won
- Department of Pathology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Korea
| | - Yong Gil Na
- Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Sejong-si, 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Khae Hawn Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Sejong-si, 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
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Polydeoxyribonucleotide Ameliorates Inflammation and Apoptosis in Achilles Tendon-Injury Rats. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:79-87. [PMID: 33271004 PMCID: PMC7731881 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040428.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenosine A2A receptor agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) possesses an anti-inflammatory effect and suppress apoptotic cell death in several disorders. In this current study, the effect of PDRN on inflammation and apoptosis in rats with Achilles tendon injury was investigated. METHODS von Frey filament test and plantar test were conducted for the determination of pain threshold. Analysis of histological alterations was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3-positive cells and cleaved caspase-9-positive cells was done. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Western blot was conducted to detect the protein levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase A (PKA), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). RESULTS PDRN treatment relieved mechanical allodynia and alleviated thermal hyperalgesia after Achilles tendon injury. TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were decreased by PDRN application. PDRN injection significantly enhanced cAMP concentration and phosphorylated CREB versus CREB ratio, showing cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway was activated by PDRN application. PDRN treatment inhibited percentages of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells and caspase-9-posiive cells and the suppressed Bax versus Bcl-2 ratio in Achilles tendon injury rats. CONCLUSION PDRN is probably believed to have a good effect on pain and inflammation in the urogenital organs. PDRN may be used as a new treatment for Achilles tendon injury.
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Protective Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:88-95. [PMID: 33271005 PMCID: PMC7731878 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040430.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a substance known to suppress inflammation and accelerate wound healing. In this experiment, the effect of PDRN treatment on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-evoked acute liver injury (ALI) was investigated using mice. Methods We analyzed the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and conducted hematoxylin and eosin staining in accompany with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. Western blot analysis was also conducted to assess the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, adenosine A2A receptor, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The mice were received intraperitoneal injection of 10-mL/kg CCl4, 4 times, once every 2 days. The mice in the PDRN treatment groups received intraperitoneal injection of 200-μL distilled water comprising each concentration of PDRN for 7 days starting 1 day after first CCl4 injection. Results ALT and AST concentrations in the serum were reduced and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expressions were decreased by PDRN injection in CCl4-evoked ALI mice. PDRN injection suppressed Bax versus Bcl-2 ratio and reduced the percentage of TUNE-positive cells in CCl4-evoked ALI mice. PDRN injection overexpressed adenosine A2A receptor in CCl4-evoked ALI mice. Conclusions The therapeutic efficacy of PDRN also can be expected for CCl4-evoked acute urogenital injury in addition to ALI. The current research suggests that PDRN may be used for the therapeutic agent of CCl4-evoked ALI.
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Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim SH, Kim CJ, Han JH, Lee S, Kim HI, Shin HP, Jeon JW. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Exerts Protective Effect Against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury Through Inactivation of NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217894. [PMID: 33114315 PMCID: PMC7660684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI) causes life-threatening clinical problem, and its underlying etiology includes inflammation and apoptosis. An adenosine A2A receptor agonist, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, the protective effect of PDRN against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI was investigated using mice. For the induction of ALI, mice received intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice over seven days. Mice from the PDRN-treated groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 200 μL saline containing PDRN (8 mg/kg), once a day for seven days, starting on day 1 after the first CCl4 injection. In order to confirm that the action of PDRN occurs through the adenosine A2A receptor, 8 mg/kg 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX), an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, was treated with PDRN. Administration of CCl4 impaired liver tissue and increased the liver index and histopathologic score. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased, and apoptosis was induced by the administration of CCl4. Administration of CCl4 activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and facilitated phosphorylation of signaling factors in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In contrast, PDRN treatment suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited apoptosis. PDRN treatment inactivated NF-κB and suppressed phosphorylation of signaling factors in MAPK. As a result, liver index and histopathologic score were reduced by PDRN treatment. When PDRN was treated with DMPX, the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of PDRN disappeared. Therefore, PDRN can be used as an effective therapeutic agent for acute liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-G.K.); (J.-J.J.); (L.H.); (S.-H.K.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-G.K.); (J.-J.J.); (L.H.); (S.-H.K.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-G.K.); (J.-J.J.); (L.H.); (S.-H.K.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-G.K.); (J.-J.J.); (L.H.); (S.-H.K.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-G.K.); (J.-J.J.); (L.H.); (S.-H.K.); (C.-J.K.)
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea;
| | - Ha Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea; (H.I.K.); (H.P.S.)
| | - Hyun Phil Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea; (H.I.K.); (H.P.S.)
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05278, Korea; (H.I.K.); (H.P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-440-6280
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Colangelo MT, Galli C, Guizzardi S. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Regulation of Inflammation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Colangelo
- Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Guizzardi
- Histology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Lee SH, Yoo SH, Lee HJ, Han D, Lee J, Jeon SH, Cho EA, Park HJ. Anti-Allodynic Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in an Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e225. [PMID: 32627441 PMCID: PMC7338212 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model is one of the representative models of the neuropathic pain model. Neuropathic pain in a chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) mimics the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The administration of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which has regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects, has been studied and is used in clinical practice treating various diseases. However, the analgesic effect of PDRN in a neuropathic pain or CRPS model remains unknown. METHODS PDRN (3.3, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was administered into the subcutaneous (SC) layer of the hind paws of SNL and CPIP models. Mechanical anti-allodynic effects were then investigated using the von Frey test. In the immunohistochemical examination, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal cord were harvested and examined for the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after the 20 mg PDRN injection. RESULTS Mechanical allodynia was significantly alleviated by administration of PDRN in SNL and CPIP mice at all of the time point. As the dose of PDRN increased, the effect was greater. The 20 mg PDRN injection was found to have the most effective anti-allodynic effect. The increased expression of GFAP in DRG and the spinal cord of SNL and CPIP model decreased following the administration of PDRN than vehicle. CONCLUSION SC administration of PDRN results in the attenuation of allodynia and activation of astrocytes in neuropathic pain or CRPS models. We propose that PDRN can have significant potential advantages in neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sie Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donggyu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jeon
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hue Jung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Combination Therapy With Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Pirfenidone Alleviates Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:S56-64. [PMID: 32482058 PMCID: PMC7285703 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040152.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by its acute onset of symptoms such as bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, severe hypoxemia, and pulmonary edema. Many patients with ARDS survive in the acute phase, but then die from significant lung fibrosis. METHODS The effect of combination therapy with polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and pirfenidone on ARDS was investigated using human lung epithelial A549 cells. ARDS environment was induced by treatment with lipopolysaccharide and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Enzyme-linked immunoassay for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and hydroxyproline were conducted. Western blot for collagen type I, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 was performed. RESULTS In this study, 8-μg/mL PDRN enhanced cell viability. Combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone and pirfenidone monotherapy suppressed expressions of CTGF and hydroxyproline and inhibited expressions of collagen type I and FGF. Combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone and PDRN monotherapy suppressed expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. CONCLUSION The combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone exerted stronger therapeutic effect against lipopolysaccharide and TGF-β-induced ARDS environment compared to the PDRN monotherapy or pirfenidone monotherapy. The excellent therapeutic effect of combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone on ARDS was shown by promoting the rapid anti-inflammatory effect and inhibiting the fibrotic processes.
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Ko IG, Hwang JJ, Chang BS, Kim SH, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim CJ, Choi CW. Polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106444. [PMID: 32234670 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane resulting in pulmonary edema and accumulation of associated proteinaceous alveolar exudate. Initiation of ALI upregulates tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that induce various pro-inflammatory mediators. Polydexyribonucleotide (PDRN) is an adenosine A2A receptor agonist that exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. We investigated the therapeutic efficiency of PDRN on ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg) in 200 μL saline. The PDRN treatment group received a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 μL saline including PDRN (8 mg/kg) 1 h after ALI induction. To confirm the involvement of the adenosine A2A receptor in PDRN, 8 mg/kg 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) was applied with PDRN treatment. Rats were then sacrificed 12 h after PDRN and DMPX treatments. Intratracheal administration of LPS caused lung tissue damage and significantly increased the lung injury scores and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic factors. In addition, MAPK/NF-κB signaling factors were increased by ALI initiation. PDRN treatment potently suppressed expressions of MAPK/NF-κB signaling factors compared to the PDRN + DMPX co-treated group. These alterations led to a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic factors, and NF-κB and MAPK signaling, which promoted the recovery of damaged lung tissue. PDRN therapy demonstrated therapeutic effects for LPS-induced ALI compared to the non-treated and DMPX-treated groups. Therefore, PDRN may be used as a therapy for initial treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Soon Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Woong Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea.
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Polydeoxyribonucleotide Exerts Therapeutic Effect by Increasing VEGF and Inhibiting Inflammatory Cytokines in Ischemic Colitis Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2169083. [PMID: 32149087 PMCID: PMC7056995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2169083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic colitis is resulted from an inadequate blood supply to a segment or entire colon. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), extracted from salmon sperm, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic effects through the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). We investigated whether PDRN possesses therapeutic effectiveness on ischemic colitis rats. Ischemic colitis was induced by selective devascularization. The skin temperature on the ischemic colitis-induced region was determined. To assess the colonic damage score and collagen deposition, colonic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and Masson trichrome staining was performed. Western blot analysis for A2AR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, Bax, Bcl-2, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was performed. Skin temperature was increased and mucosal damage and collagen deposition were observed in the affected colonic tissues in the ischemic colitis rats. Expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and inflammatory mediator (COX-2) were upregulated in the ischemic colitis rats. Apoptosis was increased by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and by suppressing the phosphorylated form of ERK1/2 expression in the ischemic colitis rats. Treatment with PDRN alleviated mucosal damage reduced the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 and inhibited apoptosis in the ischemic colitis rats. PDRN treatment more enhanced the expressions of A2AR and VEGF in the ischemic colitis rats. PDRN showed therapeutic effectiveness on ischemic colitis by increasing VEGF expression and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 through enhancing A2AR expression.
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Ko IG, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim SH, Kim CJ, Han JH, Kwak MS, Yoon JY, Jeon JW. Evaluating the mucoprotective effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide against indomethacin-induced gastropathy via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:172952. [PMID: 31996319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause gastric mucosal damage and gastric ulceration. Among the most commonly used NSAIDs, indomethacin upregulates mucosal tumor necrosis factor-α, which activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) to induce various pro-inflammatory mediators. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is an adenosine A2A receptor agonist that exerts anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of PDRN in the initial treatment of gastropathy against that of ecabet sodium and irsoglandin maleate, which are commonly used medications. The rats were administrated indomethacin once a day for 7 days after 24 h of fasting to induce gastropathy. Rats in the drug-treated groups were orally administrated 500 μl of distilled water containing the drug once daily for 7 days 1 h after indomethacin administration. Indomethacin administration caused mucosal damage and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Both NF-κB and MAPK cascade factors were increased by indomethacin administration. PDRN therapy more potently suppressed the expressions of NF-κB and MAPK cascade factors compared to other drugs. The expression of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate was also increased by PDRN treatment in the indomethacin-induced gastropathy rats. These changes led to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors, which ultimately promote recovery of damaged gastric tissue. Therefore, PDRN may serve as a new therapeutic option in the initial treatment of NSAIDs-induced gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seop Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Lipopolysaccharide and Sevoflurane-Induced Postoperative Cognitive dysfunction in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S93-101. [PMID: 31795608 PMCID: PMC6905212 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938218.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a complication of surgery characterized by acute cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment, and loss of attention. The effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on the POCD environment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sevoflurane exposure were investigated in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Methods The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and WST-8 assays were performed to determine cell viability. Cyclic adenosine-3,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Immunocytochemistry was performed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and western blotting for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Results Induction of the POCD environment reduced cell viability in the MTT and WST-8 assays. PDRN treatment reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in POCD conditions, and significantly increased cAMP concentrations and the p-CREB/CREB ratio. PDRN treatment activated adenosine A2A receptors and then increased the expression of VEGF and BDNF, which had been reduced by LPS and sevoflurane exposure. Conclusions PDRN treatment showed a therapeutic effect on the LPS and sevoflurane-induced POCD environment. PDRN was shown to have an excellent therapeutic effect on POCD, not only by promoting rapid anti-inflammatory effects in damaged cells, but also by enhancing the expression of BDNF and VEGF.
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Moawad H, El Awdan SA, Sallam NA, El-Eraky WI, Alkhawlani MA. Gastroprotective effect of cilostazol against ethanol- and pylorus ligation–induced gastric lesions in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1605-1616. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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