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Shamputi D, Kaputu-Kalala-Malu C, Vivalya BMN, Paddick SM, Kalaria R. Challenges in evaluating cognitive impairment in diabetics in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Dement Neuropsychol 2024; 18:e20230082. [PMID: 39318381 PMCID: PMC11421554 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a global public health issue, with 57.5 million people living with at least one type of dementia in 2019 worldwide, and projected to rise to 152 million by 2050. Objective We assessed the cognitive function in diabetic patients aged 60 or older in Bukavu city, in the eastern Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods This case-control study involved 123 patients with established diabetes mellitus (DM) and 123 controls over 60-year-olds also with high rates of illiteracy. Cognitive function was assessed using the Swahili version of the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI-D). Results Foremost, our study revealed language-related differences between Swahili spoken in other eastern African countries such as Tanzania and Kenya, where the Swahili CSI-D is readily applied, compared to the Swahili spoken in Bukavu (DRC). Our results also showed that cognitive impairment was present in 18.7% of the total 246 participants. Remarkably, the prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was higher in the non-diabetic group (12.2 versus 25.2%; p=0.009). Participants aged 80 or older were more likely to present with cognitive impairment compared to those aged less than 80 (adjusted odds ratio - aOR=70.27; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 3.94-125.15; p=0.004). We also found that patients living with DM for more than 20 years were three times more likely to be impaired compared to those who were recently diagnosed with DM (aOR=3.63; 95%CI 1.70-18.81; p=0.026). Conclusion This study revealed that cognitive impairment was relatively high in Bukavu city. It emphasizes the lack of effective tools to assess cognitive function. This requires, therefore, that research be adapted to the intellect and cultural experiences of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shamputi
- Université Evangélique En Afrique, University Teaching Hospital of Panzi, Department of Internal Medicine, Bukavu Town, Republic Democratic of Congo
| | - Célestin Kaputu-Kalala-Malu
- University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital, Centre Neuropsychopathologique, Department of Neurology, Republic Democratic of Congo
| | | | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- University of Nairobi, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raj Kalaria
- Newcastle University, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- University of Nairobi, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
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Petersen M, Link MA, Mayer C, Nägele FL, Schell M, Fiehler J, Gallinat J, Kühn S, Twerenbold R, Omidvarnia A, Hoffstaedter F, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Thomalla G, Cheng B. Markers of Biological Brain Aging Mediate Effects of Vascular Risk Factors on Cognitive and Motor Functions: A Multivariate Imaging Analysis of 40,579 Individuals. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.24.24310926. [PMID: 39108518 PMCID: PMC11302623 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.24310926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global life expectancy brings forth challenges associated with age-related cognitive and motor declines. To better understand underlying mechanisms, we investigated the connection between markers of biological brain aging based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cognitive and motor performance, as well as modifiable vascular risk factors, using a large-scale neuroimaging analysis in 40,579 individuals of the population-based UK Biobank and Hamburg City Health Study. Employing partial least squares correlation analysis (PLS), we investigated multivariate associative effects between three imaging markers of biological brain aging - relative brain age, white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin, and peak-width of skeletonized mean diffusivity - and multi-domain cognitive test performances and motor test results. The PLS identified a latent dimension linking higher markers of biological brain aging to poorer cognitive and motor performances, accounting for 94.7% of shared variance. Furthermore, a mediation analysis revealed that biological brain aging mediated the relationship of vascular risk factors - including hypertension, glucose, obesity, and smoking - to cognitive and motor function. These results were replicable in both cohorts. By integrating multi-domain data with a comprehensive methodological approach, our study contributes evidence of a direct association between vascular health, biological brain aging, and functional cognitive as well as motor performance, emphasizing the need for early and targeted preventive strategies to maintain cognitive and motor independence in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz A Link
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix L Nägele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jullich, Jullich, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jullich, Jullich, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jullich, Jullich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jullich, Jullich, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lim AMW, Lim EU, Chen PL, Fann CSJ. Unsupervised clustering identified clinically relevant metabolic syndrome endotypes in UK and Taiwan Biobanks. iScience 2024; 27:109815. [PMID: 39040048 PMCID: PMC11260869 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of cardiovascular risk factors; however, the high prevalence and heterogeneity impede effective clinical management. We conducted unsupervised clustering on individuals from UK Biobank to reveal endotypes. Five MetS subgroups were identified: Cluster 1 (C1): non-descriptive, Cluster 2 (C2): hypertensive, Cluster 3 (C3): obese, Cluster 4 (C4): lipodystrophy-like, and Cluster 5 (C5): hyperglycemic. For all of the endotypes, we identified the corresponding cardiometabolic traits and their associations with clinical outcomes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were conducted to identify associated genotypic traits. We then determined endotype-specific genotypic traits and constructed polygenic risk score (PRS) models specific to each endotype. GWAS of each MetS clusters revealed different genotypic traits. C1 GWAS revealed novel findings of TRIM63, MYBPC3, MYLPF, and RAPSN. Intriguingly, C1, C3, and C4 were associated with genes highly expressed in brain tissues. MetS clusters with comparable phenotypic and genotypic traits were identified in Taiwan Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylwin Ming Wee Lim
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services (AICS), Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Evan Unit Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cathy Shen Jang Fann
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Alves MDR, Nascimento RDP, da Fonseca Machado AP, Dos Santos P, Aledo E, Morandi Vuolo M, Cavalheiro CO, Giaculi VO, Berilli P, Dos Santos NM, Marostica Junior MR. Hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) extract reverts glycaemic imbalance and cognitive impairment in an animal model of obesity. Food Funct 2024; 15:7669-7680. [PMID: 38961720 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The rates of overweight and obesity around the world have increased in past years. The body's adipose tissue stimulates the antioxidant and oxidation imbalance capacity at the cellular level. This scenario favors an inflammatory low-grade systemic condition starting with insulin resistance, which in turn may involve diabetes mellitus type 2 and cognitive decline afterward. Neurological diseases have been correlated to senile age diseases over time. This scenario calls for a change in the incidence of obesity in the younger generation. An unhealthy dietary consumption together with sedentary habits might lead to poor gut absorption of nutrients. Several plants and foods have bioactive compounds that can reduce or inhibit radical scavengers, reactive oxygen species, and metal ion complexes that threaten the cerebral defense system. The bitter acids from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) have been demonstrated to have promising effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism improvement, reducing inflammatory responses through alpha acids, beta acids, and analogs action. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of hop bitter acids in obese and lean mice. For that, a dry hop extract (DHE) was obtained by applying carbon dioxide as the fluid of supercritical extraction. Afterward, seventy-eight male mice of the C57BL/6J strain were weighed and randomly distributed into six groups of 13 animals each according to the diet offered: (NO) normolipidic diet, (NO1) normolipidic diet containing 0.35% alpha acids, (NO2) normolipidic diet containing 3.5% alpha acids, (HP) hyperlipidic diet, (HP1) hyperlipidic diet containing 0.35% alpha acids, and (HP2) hyperlipidic diet containing 3.5% alpha acids. After applying the glycemic tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, a better stabilization of glycemia levels and weight gain among those animals fed with DHE (NO2 and HP2) were observed in comparison to the obese control group (HP) (p < 0.05). There was also an amelioration of antioxidant capacity observed by checking the enzymatic profile by SOD and an apparent mitigation of brain degeneration by checking GSK3β and p-IRS1 proteins expression (p < 0.05). The y-maze cognitive test applied to highlight possible obesity-harmful animal brains did not indicate a statistical difference between the groups. Although the weekly dietary intake between the obese HP2 group (33.32 ± 4.11, p < 0.05) and control HP (42.3 ± 5.88, p < 0.05) was different. The bioactive compounds present in DHE have demonstrated relevant effects on glycemic control, insulin signaling, and the consequent modulatory action of the obesity-related markers with the brain's inflammatory progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana da Rocha Alves
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Roberto de Paula Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Engenharia, Rod. Dourados-Itahum Km 12, C.P.: 79804-970 - Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Philipe Dos Santos
- Rubian xtratos LTDA, Rua do Café, 375 Vila Valle, 13174-000, Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Aledo
- Rubian xtratos LTDA, Rua do Café, 375 Vila Valle, 13174-000, Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Morandi Vuolo
- Rubian xtratos LTDA, Rua do Café, 375 Vila Valle, 13174-000, Sumaré, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Cavalheiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Oliveira Giaculi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Berilli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Medina Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Roberto Marostica Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, 80 Rua Monteiro Lobato, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Alkanad M, Hani U, V AH, Ghazwani M, Haider N, Osmani RAM, M D P, Hamsalakshmi, Bhat R. Bitter yet beneficial: The dual role of dietary alkaloids in managing diabetes and enhancing cognitive function. Biofactors 2024; 50:634-673. [PMID: 38169069 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of diabetes and its association with cognitive impairment, interest in the use of dietary alkaloids and other natural products has grown significantly. Understanding how these compounds manage diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is crucial. This comprehensive review explores the etiology of DCD and the effects of alkaloids in foods and dietary supplements that have been investigated as DCD therapies. Data on how dietary alkaloids like berberine, trigonelline, caffeine, capsaicin, 1-deoxynojirimycin, nuciferine, neferine, aegeline, tetramethylpyrazine, piperine, and others regulate cognition in diabetic disorders were collected from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Science Direct, and other relevant databases. Dietary alkaloids could improve memory in behavioral models and modulate the mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of these compounds, including their effects on glucose metabolism, gut microbiota, vasculopathy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that dietary alkaloids hold promise for improving cognition in diabetic patients and could open exciting avenues for future research in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Alkanad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annegowda H V
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, India
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Pandareesh M D
- Center for Research and Innovations, Adichunchanagiri University, BGSIT, Mandya, India
| | - Hamsalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Cauvery Group of Institutions, Mysuru, India
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA-Chair in Food By-Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Fu Y, Yuan P, Zeng M, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Gao L, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Feng W, Zheng X. Dihydroquercetin regulates HIF-1α/AKT/NR2B signalling to improve impaired brain function in rats with metabolic syndrome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29807. [PMID: 38737244 PMCID: PMC11088260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is commonly used as a dietary additive, but its activity in improving brain injury with metabolic syndrome (MS) remains known. In present study, the MS rat model was induced using 10 % fructose water. The apoptosis rate of primary brain cells was detected. The HIF-1α/AKT/NR2B signalling pathway, levels of KEAP1/NRF2, HO-1 and NQO-1 were detected. In vitro experiments were performed using H2O2-stimulated PC-12 cells. The effect of DHQ on rates of cell survival and apoptosis were detected. After silencing HIF-1α, we further elucidate the mechanism of action of DHQ. The results indicated that DHQ reduced the hyperactivity and inhibited oxidative stress via increasing the levels of HIF-1α/AKT/NR2B signalling pathway, whereas regulated KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. In vitro experiments showed that the HIF-1α plays an important role in this process. Overall, DHQ may improve impaired brain function in rats with metabolic syndrome by regulating the HIF-1α/AKT/NR2B signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - PeiPei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaxin Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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7
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Li Z, Jiang YY, Long C, Peng X, Tao J, Pu Y, Yue R. Bridging metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction: role of astrocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393253. [PMID: 38800473 PMCID: PMC11116704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive dysfunction pose significant challenges to global health and the economy. Systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and autoregulatory impairment drive neurodegeneration and microcirculatory damage in MetS. Due to their unique anatomy and function, astrocytes sense and integrate multiple metabolic signals, including peripheral endocrine hormones and nutrients. Astrocytes and synapses engage in a complex dialogue of energetic and immunological interactions. Astrocytes act as a bridge between MetS and cognitive dysfunction, undergoing diverse activation in response to metabolic dysfunction. This article summarizes the alterations in astrocyte phenotypic characteristics across multiple pathological factors in MetS. It also discusses the clinical value of astrocytes as a critical pathologic diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for MetS-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-yi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyi Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajing Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueheng Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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8
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Peng Y, Qi Z, Xu Y, Yang X, Cui Y, Sun Q. AMPK and metabolic disorders: The opposite roles of dietary bioactive components and food contaminants. Food Chem 2024; 437:137784. [PMID: 37897819 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
AMPK is a key player in a variety of metabolic and physiological processes, which might be considered one of the most promising targets for both prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases. Many dietary components and contaminants have been recently demonstrated to prevent or promote the development these diseases via AMPK-mediated pathways. AMPK can be activated by diverse phytochemical substances such as EGCG, chicoric acid, tomatidine, and others, all of which have been found to contribute to preventing or ameliorating chronic disorders. On the other hand, recent studies have found that metabolic disruptions induced by pesticides such as 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, imidacloprid, permethrin, are attributed to the inactivation of AMPK. This review may contribute to the development of functional foods for treatment of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases through modulating AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zexiu Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue Cui
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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9
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Petersen M, Hoffstaedter F, Nägele FL, Mayer C, Schell M, Rimmele DL, Zyriax BC, Zeller T, Kühn S, Gallinat J, Fiehler J, Twerenbold R, Omidvarnia A, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Thomalla G, Cheng B. A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition. eLife 2024; 12:RP93246. [PMID: 38512127 PMCID: PMC10957178 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative as well as cerebrovascular conditions holds substantial implications for brain health in at-risk populations. This study elucidates the complex relationship between MetS and brain health by conducting a comprehensive examination of cardiometabolic risk factors, brain morphology, and cognitive function in 40,087 individuals. Multivariate, data-driven statistics identified a latent dimension linking more severe MetS to widespread brain morphological abnormalities, accounting for up to 71% of shared variance in the data. This dimension was replicable across sub-samples. In a mediation analysis, we could demonstrate that MetS-related brain morphological abnormalities mediated the link between MetS severity and cognitive performance in multiple domains. Employing imaging transcriptomics and connectomics, our results also suggest that MetS-related morphological abnormalities are linked to the regional cellular composition and macroscopic brain network organization. By leveraging extensive, multi-domain data combined with a dimensional stratification approach, our analysis provides profound insights into the association of MetS and brain health. These findings can inform effective therapeutic and risk mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Felix L Nägele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - D Leander Rimmele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckHamburgGermany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckHamburgGermany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Goetz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
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10
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Feng L, Gao L. The role of neurovascular coupling dysfunction in cognitive decline of diabetes patients. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1375908. [PMID: 38576869 PMCID: PMC10991808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1375908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is an important mechanism to ensure adequate blood supply to active neurons in the brain. NVC damage can lead to chronic impairment of neuronal function. Diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar and is considered an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide fMRI evidence of NVC damage in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Combined with the exploration of the major mechanisms and signaling pathways of NVC, we discuss the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the cellular structure of NVC signaling, including key receptors, ion channels, and intercellular connections. Studying these diabetes-related changes in cell structure will help us understand the underlying causes behind diabetes-induced NVC damage and early cognitive decline, ultimately helping to identify the most effective drug targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Chen TS, Mi NN, Lao HY, Wang CY, Lo WLA, Mao YR, Tang Y, Pei Z, Yuan JQ, Huang DF. Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38481272 PMCID: PMC10938845 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global dementia prevalence is surging, necessitating research into contributing factors. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, serum uric acid (SUA) levels, and dementia risk. METHODS Our prospective study comprised 466,788 participants without pre-existing MetS from the UK Biobank. We confirmed dementia diagnoses based on the ICD-10 criteria (F00-03). To evaluate the dementia risk concerning MetS, its components, and SUA levels, we applied Cox proportional hazards models, while adjusting for demographic factors. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, we identified 6845 dementia cases. Individuals with MetS had a 25% higher risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-1.31). The risk increased with the number of MetS components including central obesity, dyslipidemia for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia for triglycerides. Particularly for those with all five components (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.51-2.04). Dyslipidemia for HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia for triglycerides were independently associated with elevated dementia risk (p < 0.01). MetS was further linked to an increased risk of all-cause dementia (11%) and vascular dementia (VD, 50%) among individuals with SUA levels exceeding 400 μmol/L (all-cause dementia: HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02-1.21; VD: HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28-1.77). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides robust evidence supporting the association between MetS, its components, and dementia risk. These findings emphasize the importance of considering MetS and SUA levels in assessing dementia risk, offering valuable insights for prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sr Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning-Ning Mi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hubert Yuenhei Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision CHN-151, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Rong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Jin-Qiu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dong-Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Chen H, Sun H, Hua W, Chang H, Chen W, Ma S. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by regulating the nrf-2/HO-1 axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176344. [PMID: 38280462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying DACD has not been elucidated, and a promising therapy for this disease remains to be established. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory gasotransmitter, has emerged as a neuroprotective agent. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of H2S on DACD in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. We applied the Morris water maze to evaluate spatial learning and memory abilities. We used Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining to investigate the expression of the Nrf-2/HO-1 axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome. After NaHS (H2S donor) administration, diabetic rats exhibited improved spatial learning and memory retrieval abilities in the Morris water maze. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, the protein expression levels of the Nrf-2/HO-1 axis, the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampal region were elevated compared to those in control rats. Exogenous H2S triggered Nrf-2/HO-1 antioxidant activity and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. These findings suggested that exogenous H2S has neuroprotective effects by modulating the Nrf-2/HO-1 axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which were found to be associated with DACD. H2S treatment may be a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression of tissue damage caused by DACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongxue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongye Chang
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuainan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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13
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Zhou LN, Ma XC, Wang W. Incidence and risk factors of depression in patients with metabolic syndrome. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:245-254. [PMID: 38464768 PMCID: PMC10921290 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i2.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have explored the relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS), especially in older people. China has entered an aging society. However, there are still few studies on the elderly in Chinese communities. AIM To investigate the incidence and risk factors of depression in MetS patients in mainland China and to construct a predictive model. METHODS Data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were selected, and middle-aged and elderly patients with MetS (n = 2533) were included based on the first wave. According to the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale (CESD), participants with MetS were divided into depression (n = 938) and non-depression groups (n = 1595), and factors related to depression were screened out. Subsequently, the 2-, 4-, and 7-year follow-up data were analyzed, and a prediction model for depression in MetS patients was constructed. RESULTS The prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with MetS was 37.02%. The prevalence of depression at the 2-, 4-, and 7-year follow-up was 29.55%, 34.53%, and 38.15%, respectively. The prediction model, constructed using baseline CESD and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale scores, average sleep duration, number of chronic diseases, age, and weight had a good predictive effect on the risk of depression in MetS patients at the 2-year follow-up (area under the curve = 0.775, 95% confidence interval: 0.750-0.800, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 74%. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with MetS has increased over time. The early identification of and intervention for depressive symptoms requires greater attention in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xian-Cang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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14
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Méndez-Flores OG, Hernández-Kelly LC, Olivares-Bañuelos TN, López-Ramírez G, Ortega A. Brain energetics and glucose transport in metabolic diseases: role in neurodegeneration. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38294500 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2306427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurons and glial cells are the main functional and structural elements of the brain, and the former depends on the latter for their nutritional, functional and structural organization, as well as for their energy maintenance. METHODS Glucose is the main metabolic source that fulfills energetic demands, either by direct anaplerosis or through its conversion to metabolic intermediates. Development of some neurodegenerative diseases have been related with modifications in the expression and/or function of glial glucose transporters, which might cause physiological and/or pathological disturbances of brain metabolism. In the present contribution, we summarized the experimental findings that describe the exquisite adjustment in expression and function of glial glucose transporters from physiologic to pathologic metabolism, and its relevance to neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS A exhaustive literature review was done in order to gain insight into the role of brain energetics in neurodegenerative disease. This study made evident a critical involvement of glucose transporters and thus brain energetics in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. DISCUSSION An exquisite adjustment in the expression and function of glial glucose transporters from physiologic to pathologic metabolism is a biochemical signature of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orquídea G Méndez-Flores
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, México
| | - Luisa C Hernández-Kelly
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Gabriel López-Ramírez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, México
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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15
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Qureshi D, Collister J, Allen NE, Kuźma E, Littlejohns T. Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:447-458. [PMID: 37675869 PMCID: PMC10916994 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident dementia remains inconclusive. METHODS In 176,249 dementia-free UK Biobank participants aged ≥60 years at baseline, Cox proportional-hazards models were used to investigate the association between MetS and incident dementia. MetS was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following: elevated waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, blood glucose, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Over 15 years of follow-up (median = 12.3), 5255 participants developed dementia. MetS was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.18). The association remained consistent when restricting to longer follow-up intervals: >5 to 10 years (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27) and >10 years (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.32). Stronger associations were observed in those with ≥4 MetS components and in apolipoprotein-E (APOE)-ε4 non-carriers. DISCUSSION In this large population-based prospective cohort, MetS was associated with an increased risk of dementia. HIGHLIGHTS MetS was associated with a 12% increased risk of incident all-cause dementia. Associations remained similar after restricting the analysis to those with longer follow-up. The presence of four or five MetS components was significantly associated with dementia. Stronger associations were observed in those with a low genetic risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Qureshi
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Naomi E. Allen
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- UK Biobank LtdStockportUK
| | - Elżbieta Kuźma
- Albertinen Haus Centre for Geriatrics and GerontologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
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16
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Petersen M, Hoffstaedter F, Nägele FL, Mayer C, Schell M, Rimmele DL, Zyriax BC, Zeller T, Kühn S, Gallinat J, Fiehler J, Twerenbold R, Omidvarnia A, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Thomalla G, Cheng B. A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529531. [PMID: 36865285 PMCID: PMC9980040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative as well cerebrovascular conditions holds substantial implications for brain health in at-risk populations. This study elucidates the complex relationship between MetS and brain health by conducting a comprehensive examination of cardiometabolic risk factors, cortical morphology, and cognitive function in 40,087 individuals. Multivariate, data-driven statistics identified a latent dimension linking more severe MetS to widespread brain morphological abnormalities, accounting for up to 71% of shared variance in the data. This dimension was replicable across sub-samples. In a mediation analysis we could demonstrate that MetS-related brain morphological abnormalities mediated the link between MetS severity and cognitive performance in multiple domains. Employing imaging transcriptomics and connectomics, our results also suggest that MetS-related morphological abnormalities are linked to the regional cellular composition and macroscopic brain network organization. By leveraging extensive, multi-domain data combined with a dimensional stratification approach, our analysis provides profound insights into the association of MetS and brain health. These findings can inform effective therapeutic and risk mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Felix L. Nägele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Leander Rimmele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R. Patil
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Chou YT, Sun ZJ, Shao SC, Yang YC, Lu FH, Chang CJ, Liao TC, Li CY, Chen THH, Wu JS, Lai ECC. Autonomic modulation and the risk of dementia in a middle-aged cohort: A 17-year follow-up study. Biomed J 2023; 46:100576. [PMID: 36581249 PMCID: PMC10749883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered autonomic modulation, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), has been found to be associated with dementia risk in the elderly. However, long-term follow-up study evaluating the association between autonomic modulation from middle-age and the incidence of dementia has been limited. METHODS This retrospective cohort analyzed data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database covering the period from 2001 to 2017, with a linkage to citywide health examinations conducted by Tainan Metropolitan City, Taiwan. We included subjects aged 45-64 years. The mean follow-up period was 15.75 ± 3.40 years. The measurements of HRV included resting heart rate, high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), ratio between the 30th and 15th R-R interval after standing up from the supine position (30/15 ratio), ratio between the R-R intervals during expiration and inspiration, and the ratio between the high- and low-frequency components (LF/HF). The main study outcome was the incidence of dementia. We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models to compare the risk of dementia among different HRV subgroups. RESULTS We included 565 participants with a mean age of 53 (SD: 6) years, of whom 44% were male. The risk of dementia was significantly increased in association with lower parasympathetic HRV modulation, including SDNN (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.55-6.73) and 30/15 ratio (HR: 3.52, 95%CI: 1.67-7.42). Moreover, the risk of dementia was increased in subjects with higher LF/HF ratios (HR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.12-3.72). CONCLUSIONS Lower parasympathetic activity and higher sympathetic-vagal imbalance in middle-age were associated with dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Chou
- Department of Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Sun
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hwa Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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18
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Wu M, Jiang H, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhang H, Li X, Shao Z. OGT-1 regulates synaptic assembly through the insulin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1919-1930. [PMID: 37991448 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of synapses are precisely regulated, and the misregulation often leads to neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. Besides intrinsic genetically encoded signaling pathways, synaptic structure and function are also regulated by extrinsic factors, such as nutrients. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a nutrient sensor, is abundant in the nervous system and required for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. However, whether OGT is involved in synaptic development and the mechanism underlying the process are largely unknown. In this study, we found that OGT-1, the OGT homolog in C. elegans, regulates the presynaptic assembly in AIY interneurons. The insulin receptor DAF-2 acts upstream of OGT-1 to promote the presynaptic assembly by positively regulating the expression of ogt-1. This insulin-OGT-1 axis functions most likely by regulating neuronal activity. In this study, we elucidated a novel mechanism for synaptic development, and provided a potential link between synaptic development and insulin-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhe Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuekun Li
- School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, The Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Machado-Fragua MD, Sabia S, Fayosse A, Hassen CB, van der Heide F, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A. Is metabolic-healthy obesity associated with risk of dementia? An age-stratified analysis of the Whitehall II cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:436. [PMID: 37957712 PMCID: PMC10644649 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolically healthy obesity is hypothesized to be a benign condition but whether this is the case for dementia remains debated. We examined the role of age at assessment of metabolic-obesity phenotypes in associations with incident dementia. METHODS Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and poor metabolic health (≥ 2 of elevated serum triglycerides, low HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, and elevated serum fasting glucose) were used to define four metabolic-obesity phenotypes (metabolically healthy (MHNO) and unhealthy non-obesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy obesity (MUO)) at < 60, 60 to < 70, and ≥ 70 years using 6 waves of data from the Whitehall II study and their associations with incident dementia was examined using Cox regression. RESULTS Analyses with exposures measured < 60, 60 to < 70, and ≥ 70 years involved 410 (5.8%), 379 (5.6%), and 262 (7.4%) incident dementia cases over a median follow-up of 20.8, 10.3, and 4.2 years respectively. In analyses of individual components, obesity before 60 years (HR 1.41, 95% CI: [1.08, 1.85]) but not at older ages was associated with dementia; unhealthy metabolic status when present < 60 years (HR 1.33, 95% CI: [1.08, 1.62]) and 60 to < 70 years (HR 1.32, 95% CI: [1.07, 1.62]) was associated with dementia. Compared to the metabolically healthy non-obesity group, the risk of dementia was higher in those with metabolically healthy obesity before 60 years (1.69; 95% CI: [1.16, 2.45]); this was not the case when metabolic-obesity phenotype was present at 60 to < 70 years or ≥ 70 years. Analyses at older ages were on smaller numbers due to death and drop-out but inverse probability weighting to account for missing data yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with metabolically healthy obesity before age 60 had a higher risk of incident dementia over a 27-year follow-up; the excess risk dissipates when metabolic health and obesity are measured after 70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France.
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Céline Ben Hassen
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Frank van der Heide
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Paris, France
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Koutsonida M, Koskeridis F, Markozannes G, Kanellopoulou A, Mousas A, Ntotsikas E, Ioannidis P, Aretouli E, Tsilidis KK. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in the Greek cohort of Epirus Health Study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3523-3533. [PMID: 37162663 PMCID: PMC10495510 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is considered an important risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. However, the evidence in middle-aged individuals is still conflicting. The aim of the study was to explore the association between metabolic syndrome and its individual components with cognitive function and to investigate possible interaction between sex, age and genetic predisposition for metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer's disease in a middle-aged Greek cohort. METHODS A total of 2,077 healthy adults (mean age: 46.7 years) were included in the primary cross-sectional analysis and 305 of them in secondary prospective analyses. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the revised National Cholesterol Education-Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Cognitive function was measured primarily with the Trail Making, Verbal fluency and Logical Memory test, and in secondary prospective analyses with online versions of Posner cueing task, an emotional recognition task, Corsi block-tapping task and Stroop task. RESULTS Multivariable linear regressions showed an association of metabolic syndrome with lower performance in attention (β=1.62 seconds, 95% CI=0.20, 3.04) and memory (β=-0.62 words, 95% CI=-1.19, -0.05) that could be driven by associations with elevated fasting glucose and abdominal obesity. Similar associations were observed in the secondary prospective analyses. CONCLUSION In summary, metabolic syndrome was associated with cognitive deficits in domains related with the cognitive profile of vascular cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Koutsonida
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fotios Koskeridis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Afroditi Kanellopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Abdou Mousas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Ntotsikas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Aretouli
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Tong XW, Zhang YT, Li X, Yu ZW, Pu SD, Xu YX, Shan YY, Gao XY. Uric acid index is a risk for mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:425-439. [PMID: 37523135 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new uric acid (UA) index has recently been proposed, while serum uric acid (SUA), fasting triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose levels in the index are shown to affect cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the clinical value of the UA index for assessing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study with 616 participants. A generalized additive model was used to determine a linear or curvilinear relationship between cognitive performance and the UA index. Logistic regression and random forest models were both developed. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was delineated and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS MCI was diagnosed in 313 participants (50.81%). Compared with the T2D-normal cognitive function group, MCI subjects had higher UA indexes, lower cognitive scores, and lower education levels (p < 0.001). Generalized additive models showed the UA index and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score to be decreased linearly (p < 0.001). The UA index AUC was 0.751 (95% CI = 0.713-0.789, p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point for the identification of MCI based on the UA index was 11.26 (sensitivity: 62.3%, specificity: 75.9%). Results for females in the cohort yielded an AUC change of + 2.5%, the less-educated population (AUC change of + 4.7%), and the hypertensive population (AUC change of + 1.1%). The AUCs were 0.791 (95% CI = 0.720-0.863) for the random forest model and 0.804 (95% CI = 0.770-0.837) for the logistic regression model, and no statistical significance was found (p = 0.758). CONCLUSION This study showed that the increased UA index was independently associated with MCI in patients with T2D, especially among female, less-educated, and hypertensive patients. It could be a potential indicator of MCI in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-Wei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Pu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Yan Shan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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22
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Rosca CI, Lighezan DF, Nisulescu DD, Sharma A, Neagu MN, Nistor D, Georgescu D, Kundnani NR. Metabolic Syndrome: A Strange Companion of Atrial Fibrillation; A Blessing in Disguise from the Neuropsychiatric Point of View. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2012. [PMID: 37509651 PMCID: PMC10377522 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of metabolic syndrome (MetSy) brings together components that individually represent a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which over time can prove to be more harmful if a combined effect of these is exhibited. Method: A single-centre retrospective study in an academic medical unit was conducted. We analysed the link between the MetSy and the occurrence of neuropsychic complications among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We sifted through the files of the patients admitted during 2015-2016 to the Municipal Emergency University Hospital Timisoara, Romania, with the diagnosis of AF. We divided these AF patients into two groups: the first group comprised patients with atrial fibrillation and MetSy (267 patients), while the second group comprised AF patients without MetSy (843 patients). We analysed the occurrence of neuropsychic changes (stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, cognitive impairment, and silent lacunar infarction) among the two groups. Results: Cognitive impairment (p-value = 0.0081) and dementia (p-value < 0.0001) were less frequent in patients with AF and MetSy than in those with AF without MetSy. Regarding the presence of stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD), we could not demonstrate the existence of any statistically significant difference between the two groups. Using logistic regression (enter test), we found that MetSy might have a protective effect (OR = 0.4040, 95% CI [0.2132; 0.7654], p-value = 0.0054) for the occurrence of dementia in those patients. Furthermore, obesity was the only factor with a possible protective effect from all the constituents of the MetSy when analysed together (with a significance level of p-value = 0.0004 for the logistic regression). The protective effect of MetSy against stroke occurrence was supplementarily proven by a longer period of survival without stroke from the AF diagnosis (3.521 years, p = 0.0304) compared to patients with AF without MetSy (3.286 years to first stroke occurrence). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome might offer protection against the occurrence of dementia among patients with AF, but no effect was noted when compared with the presence of stroke. Further studies on larger cohorts can help us reach a conclusion regarding the positive effects of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Ilie Rosca
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostasis, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Florin Lighezan
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostasis, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | | | - Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Cardiology-Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 3000041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Marioara Nicula Neagu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Discipline of Physiology, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daciana Nistor
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Centre of Imuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in Cancer, 3000723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Doina Georgescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Haemostasis, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology-Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, 3000041 Timișoara, Romania
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23
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Vásquez E, Kuniholm MH, Appleton AA, Rubin LH, Adimora AA, Fischl MA, Fox E, Mack WJ, Holman S, Moran CA, Minkoff H, Plankey MW, Sharma A, Tien PC, Weber KM, Gustafson DR. Midlife body mass index, central adiposity and neuropsychological performance over 10 years in women living with and without HIV. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1108313. [PMID: 37484940 PMCID: PMC10361616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Observations of overweight and obesity in association with neuropsychological performance (NP) vary over the adult life course depending on baseline levels, biological sex, age, race, temporality of measurements, and other factors. Therefore, similar published analyses across cohorts are inconsistent. In our sample of women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV (WWOH), we conducted comparable analyses as those published in men with and without HIV. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and NP. Methods Four hundred thirty two 432 virologically-suppressed WLWH and 367 WWOH, ≥40 years in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with anthropometry and NP assessments every two years from 2009-2019 were included in the study. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for six NP domains: learning, memory, executive function, processing speed, attention and working memory, and motor function. Multivariable linear regression models stratified by HIV status were used to examine cross-sectional associations of BMI and WC by NP domain; repeated measures analyses assessed baseline BMI and WC in association with longitudinal change in NP. Covariates included sociodemographic, behavioral, and HIV-related characteristics. Results At baseline among all women, the median age was 45 years, 65% were Non-Latinx Black women, and 45% were obese women. Obese WLWH (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2) had poorer executive function (β=-2.27, 95%CI [-4.46, -0.07]) versus WLWH with healthy BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Longitudinally over ~8 years, obese versus overweight WWOH improved on memory (β=2.19, 95%CI [0.13, 4.26]), however overweight versus healthy WWOH experienced declining memory (β= -2.67, 95%CI [-5.40, -0.07]). Increasing WC was associated with declining executive, processing speed, and motor function (p's<0.05); an at-risk WC was associated with improved memory (β=1.81, 95%CI [0.19, 3.44]) among WWOH. Among WLWH, increasing BMI was associated with improved learning (β=0.07, 95%CI [0.00, 0.15]. Conclusion Our cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses evaluating the associations of BMI and WC and NP were mixed compared to previous reports. This illustrates the importance of sociodemographic characteristics, baseline levels of exposures and outcomes, HIV status, temporality of measurements, and other factors when evaluating aging HIV epidemiology study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vásquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mark H. Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Leah H. Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ada A. Adimora
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Margaret A. Fischl
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ervin Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Susan Holman
- Department of Medicine/STAR Program, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Caitlin Anne Moran
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Grady Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Program, Atlanta, United States
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Neurology, State of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Michael W. Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- Cook County Health/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deborah R. Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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24
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Machado-Fragua MD, Fayosse A, Yerramalla MS, van Sloten TT, Tabak AG, Kivimaki M, Sabia S, Singh-Manoux A. Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Dementia: Role of Number and Age at Measurement of Components in a 28-Year Follow-up of the Whitehall II Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2127-2135. [PMID: 35819815 PMCID: PMC9472484 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests an inconsistent association between Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident dementia. We examined the role of number of MetS components and age at their assessment for incident dementia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MetS components (fasting glucose, triglycerides, waist circumference, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol) on 7,265, 6,660, and 3,608 participants at <60, 60 to <70, and ≥70 years of age were used to examine associations with incident dementia using cause-specific Cox regression. RESULTS Analyses of MetS measured at <60, 60 to <70, and ≥70 years involved 393 (5.4%), 497 (7.5%), and 284 (7.9%) dementia cases over a median follow-up of 20.8, 10.4, and 4.2 years, respectively. Every additional MetS component before 60 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13 [95% CI 1.05, 1.23]) and 60 to <70 (HR 1.08 [95% CI 1.00, 1.16]) but not ≥70 years (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.96, 1.13]) was associated with higher dementia risk. MetS defined conventionally (≥3 components) before 60 years (HR 1.23 [95% CI 0.96, 1.57]), between 60 and 70 years (HR 1.14 [95% CI 0.91, 1.42]), or >70 years of age (HR 1.10 [95% CI 0.86, 1.40]) was not associated with incident dementia. Multistate models showed higher risk of dementia in those with ≥1 (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.08, 3.66]) and ≥2 MetS components (HR 1.69 [95% CI 1.12, 2.56]) before 60 years of age, even when they remained free of cardiovascular disease over the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Risk of incident dementia increases with every additional MetS component present in midlife rather than after accumulation of three components; only part of this risk is mediated by cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manasa Shanta Yerramalla
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas T van Sloten
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM) and Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K.,Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Séverine Sabia
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
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25
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Ehtewish H, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Mechanistic Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6144. [PMID: 35682821 PMCID: PMC9181591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other forms of dementia are recognized as common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies or definitive clinical diagnostic and prognostic tools for dementia, and the mechanisms underpinning the link between T2DM and cognitive dysfunction remain equivocal. Some of the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in diabetes patients include hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and altered insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, cerebral microvascular injury, and buildup of cerebral amyloid and tau proteins. Given the skyrocketing global rates of diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, there is an urgent need to discover novel biomarkers relevant to the co-morbidity of both conditions to guide future diagnostic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive background of the potential risk factors, the identified biomarkers of diabetes-related cognitive decrements, and the underlying processes of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Aging, poor glycemic control, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemic episodes, depression, and vascular complications are associated with increased risk of dementia. Conclusive research studies that have attempted to find specific biomarkers are limited. However, the most frequent considerations in such investigations are related to C reactive protein, tau protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, advanced glycation end products, glycosylated hemoglobin, and adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ehtewish
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha 34110, Qatar
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26
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TLR4 mutation protects neurovascular function and cognitive decline in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:104. [PMID: 35488354 PMCID: PMC9052472 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a low-grade proinflammatory state in which abnormal metabolic and cardiovascular factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. Events, such as the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, increased plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, tissue hypoxia, and sympathetic hyperactivity in MS may contribute to the direct or indirect activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR4, which is thought to be a major component of this syndrome. Activation of the innate immune response via TLR4 may contribute to this state of chronic inflammation and may be related to the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration observed in MS. In this study, we investigated the role of TLR4 in the brain microcirculation and in the cognitive performance of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MS mice. Methods Wild-type (C3H/He) and TLR4 mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice were maintained under a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 24 weeks. Intravital video-microscopy was used to investigate the functional capillary density, endothelial function, and endothelial–leukocyte interactions in the brain microcirculation. Plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adipokines and metabolic hormones were measured with a multiplex immunoassay. Brain postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were evaluated by western blotting; astrocytic coverage of the vessels, microglial activation and structural capillary density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results The HFD-induced MS model leads to metabolic, hemodynamic, and microcirculatory alterations, as evidenced by capillary rarefaction, increased rolling and leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules, endothelial dysfunction, and less coverage of astrocytes in the vessels, which are directly related to cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. The same model of MS reproduced in mice deficient for TLR4 because of a genetic mutation does not generate such changes. Furthermore, the comparison of wild-type mice fed a HFD and a normolipid diet revealed differences in inflammation in the cerebral microcirculation, possibly related to lower TLR4 activation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that TLR4 is involved in the microvascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with HFD-induced MS and possibly has a causal role in the development of cognitive decline. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02465-3.
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Smith PJ, Sherwood A, Hinderliter AL, Mabe S, Tyson C, Avorgbedor F, Watkins LL, Lin PH, Kraus WE, Blumenthal JA. Cerebrovascular Function, Vascular Risk, and Lifestyle Patterns in Resistant Hypertension. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:345-357. [PMID: 35275539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and blunted cerebral hemodynamic recruitment are thought to be important mechanisms linking hypertension to cerebrovascular and cognitive outcomes. Few studies have examined cardiovascular or dietary correlates of CVR among hypertensives. OBJECTIVE To delineate associations between cardiometabolic risk, diet, and cerebrovascular functioning among individuals with resistant hypertension from the TRIUMPH trial (n = 140). METHODS CVR was assessed by examining changes in tissue oxygenation (tissue oxygenation index [TOI] and oxygenated hemoglobin [HBO2]) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a breath holding test, a standardized CVR assessment to elicit a hypercapnic response. Participants also underwent fNIRS during three cognitive challenge tasks. Vascular function was assessed by measurement of brachial artery flow mediated dilation and hyperemic flow response. Cardiometabolic fitness was assessed from peak VO2 on an exercise treadmill test and body mass index. Dietary patterns were quantified using the DASH eating score. Cognitive function was assessed using a 45-minute test battery assessing Executive Function, Processing Speed, and Memory. RESULTS Greater levels fitness (B = 0.30, p = 0.011), DASH compliance (B = 0.19, p = 0.045), and lower obesity (B = -0.30, p = 0.004), associated with greater changes in TOI, whereas greater flow-mediated dilation (B = 0.19, p = 0.031) and lower stroke risk (B = -0.19, p = 0.049) associated with greater HBO2. Similar associations were found for cerebral hemodynamic recruitment, and associations between CVR and cognition were moderated by duration of hypertension. CONCLUSION Impaired CVR elevated cardiometabolic risk, obesity, vascular function, and fitness among hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan L Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Mabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Crystal Tyson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Forgive Avorgbedor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lana L Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Berkowitz L, Cabrera-Reyes F, Salazar C, Ryff CD, Coe C, Rigotti A. Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:785124. [PMID: 35097004 PMCID: PMC8795367 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.785124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides –the most widely studied sphingolipid class– have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Berkowitz
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Loni Berkowitz
| | - Fernanda Cabrera-Reyes
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher Coe
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism & Center of Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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The microRNA-455 Null Mouse Has Memory Deficit and Increased Anxiety, Targeting Key Genes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010554. [PMID: 35008980 PMCID: PMC8745123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain to be elucidated. Recently, microRNA-455-3p has been identified as a circulating biomarker of early AD, with increased expression in post-mortem brain tissue of AD patients. MicroRNA-455-3p also directly targets and down-regulates APP, with the overexpression of miR-455-3p suppressing its toxic effects. Here, we show that miR-455-3p expression decreases with age in the brains of wild-type mice. We generated a miR-455 null mouse utilising CRISPR-Cas9 to explore its function further. Loss of miR-455 resulted in increased weight gain, potentially indicative of metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, performance on the novel object recognition task diminished significantly in miR-455 null mice (p = 0.004), indicating deficits in recognition memory. A slight increase in anxiety was also captured on the open field test. BACE1 and TAU were identified as new direct targets for miR-455-3p, with overexpression of miR-455-3p leading to a reduction in the expression of APP, BACE1 and TAU in neuroblastoma cells. In the hippocampus of miR-455 null mice at 14 months of age, the levels of protein for APP, BACE1 and TAU were all increased. Such findings reinforce the involvement of miR-455 in AD progression and demonstrate its action on cognitive performance.
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Song P, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Han P, Xie F, Guo Q. Association between Sleep Duration and Mild Cognitive Impairment at Different Levels of Metabolic Disease in Community-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:139-146. [PMID: 35166305 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS), sleep duration and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. METHODS The study comprised of 1367 community-dwelling Chinese participants (563 men; mean age: 71.0 years) recruited from Tianjin and Shanghai, China who were invited to participate in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome guidelines were used to define MetS. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale were used for the initial classification of patients with MCI. We divided sleep duration into five groups (≤6 h, 6-8 h which was used as the reference, 8-9 h, 9-10 h, and >10 h). Nutritional status was assessed by Mini Nutrition Assessment Short Form. RESULTS The overall incidence of metabolic syndrome was 46.7%, the overall incidence of mild cognitive impairment was 17.4%. In logistic regression analysis model, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors such as nutritional status and physical activity level, there was a significant positive association between long sleep duration (> 10h) and mild cognitive impairment in general population and metabolic syndrome population (p<0.05), but the association was not significant in non-metabolic syndrome group. In addition, in the long sleep duration group, the components of metabolic syndrome, elevated blood glucose were significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long sleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of MCI in older adults with MetS, but not in those without MetS. The prevention of MCI may be more effective in the population of MetS with long sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Song
- Qi Guo, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China, Phone: 86-22-8333-6977, FAX: 86-22-8333-6977, E-mail: ; Fandi Xie, M.D. Jiangwan hospital, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 1878 Sichuan North Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China, Phone: 65422593-2002, E-mail:
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Min KH, Kang SO, Oh SJ, Han JM, Lee KE. Association Between Gout and Dementia in the Elderly: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:1177-1185. [PMID: 33593591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The data showing the association between gout and dementia are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether gout is associated with the risk of dementia in the elderly. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used population-based representative claims data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. We used the Elderly Cohort database which represents 10% of the elderly Koreans over the age of 60, from 2002 to 2013. We assessed the association of gout with a new diagnosis of dementia with Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted the data for potential covariates such as demographics (age, sex) and comorbidities. RESULTS We included 22,178 patients with gout and 113,590 without. In each group, 2,557 (11.53%) and 18,264 (16.08%) patients, respectively, had dementia. In multivariable analyses, gout was independently associated with a significantly lower hazard ratio of incident dementia, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.60-0.66). A sub-group analysis conducted to find out the effects of gout medication showed that febuxostat use significantly decreased incident dementia. CONCLUSION Gout was independently associated with a 37% lower risk of dementia in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Min
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Oh Kang
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy (KHM, SOK, SJO, JMH, KEL), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea.
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Peng SY, Wu IW, Sun CC, Lee CC, Liu CF, Lin YZ, Yeung L. Investigation of Possible Correlation Between Retinal Neurovascular Biomarkers and Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 34902002 PMCID: PMC8684295 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.14.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between retinal neurovascular biomarkers and early cognitive impairment among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Patients with CKD stage ≥3 were evaluated using the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Patients were classified as having a low (<24), middle (24 to 27), and high (>27) MMSE level. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, GCC global loss volume, and GCC focal loss volume were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Superficial vascular plexus vessel density, deep vascular plexus vessel density (DVP-VD), and size of the foveal avascular zone were obtained by OCT angiography. Results The study enrolled 177 patients with a mean ± SD age of 64.7 ± 6.6 years. The mean ± SD MMSE score was 27.25 ± 2.30. Thirteen, 65, and 99 patients were classified as having a low, middle, and high MMSE level, respectively. The patients with a high MMSE level were younger, had more years of education, had less severe CKD, and had higher DVP-VD than patients with a low MMSE level. The multivariable regression revealed that age (coefficient, 0.294; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.195–0.393; P = 0.041), years of education (coefficient, 0.294; 95% CI, 0.195–0.393; P < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (coefficient, 0.019; 95% CI, 0.004–0.035; P = 0.016), and DVP-VD (coefficient, 0.109; 95% CI, 0.007–0.212; P = 0.037) were independent factors associated with MMSE score. Conclusions Retinal DVP-VD was associated with early cognitive impairment among patients with CKD. Translational Relevance DVP-VD measured by OCT angiography may facilitate early detection of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yen Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Zi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ling Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Komleva YK, Potapenko IV, Lopatina OL, Gorina YV, Chernykh A, Khilazheva ED, Salmina AB, Shuvaev AN. NLRP3 Inflammasome Blocking as a Potential Treatment of Central Insulin Resistance in Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111588. [PMID: 34769018 PMCID: PMC8583950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. In recent years, attention of researchers has increasingly been focused on studying the role of brain insulin resistance (BIR) in the AD pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation makes a significant contribution to the BIR due to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. This study was devoted to the understanding of the potential therapeutic roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurodegeneration occurring concomitant with BIR and its contribution to the progression of emotional disorders. METHODS To test the impact of innate immune signaling on the changes induced by Aβ1-42 injection, we analyzed animals carrying a genetic deletion of the Nlrp3 gene. Thus, we studied the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in health and neurodegeneration in maintaining brain insulin signaling using behavioral, electrophysiological approaches, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and real-time PCR. RESULTS We revealed that NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for insulin-dependent glucose transport in the brain and memory consolidation. Conclusions NLRP3 knockout protects mice against the development of BIR: Taken together, our data reveal the protective role of Nlrp3 deletion in the regulation of fear memory and the development of Aβ-induced insulin resistance, providing a novel target for the clinical treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.L.L.); (Y.V.G.); (E.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilia V. Potapenko
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.L.L.); (Y.V.G.); (E.D.K.)
- Shared Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Technologies, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yana V. Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.L.L.); (Y.V.G.); (E.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Anatoly Chernykh
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Elena D. Khilazheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical & Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (O.L.L.); (Y.V.G.); (E.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Brain Cytology, Division of Brain Sciences, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton N. Shuvaev
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (I.V.P.); (A.C.); (A.B.S.); (A.N.S.)
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Wang Y, Xie Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Li C, Chen F, Ren C, Xu Z, Liu M, Li L, Li T, Wang W. Development and Clinical Translation of a Perioperative Nomogram Incorporating Free Fatty Acids to Predict Poor Outcome of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Following Endovascular Treatment. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629997. [PMID: 34385967 PMCID: PMC8354211 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A reliable prediction of clinical outcome is important for clinicians to set appropriate medical strategies in treating patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this study, we aim to establish a perioperative nomogram involving serum lipid signatures for predicting poor outcomes at 3 months in patients with aSAH following endovascular therapy. Methods: Data of patients with aSAH receiving endovascular therapy were collected. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to screen independent predictors related to unfavorable outcomes defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mFS) ≥3. A novel nomogram based on these significant features was conducted. The clinical application of this nomogram was assessed by decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve. Results: A total number of patients included in this study were 213 (average age 58.9 years, 65.7% female), representing a poor 3-month outcome rate of 48.8%. Free fatty acid (FFA) levels on admission were efficient in predicting poor outcomes compared with other contents in serum lipids. Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed advanced age (P = 0.034), poor Hunt Hess (HH) (odds ratio, OR = 3.7, P < 0.001) and mFS (OR = 6.0, P < 0.001), aneurysms in the posterior circulation (OR = 4.4, P = 0.019), and higher FFA levels on admission (OR = 3.1, P = 0.021) were negative independent predictors of poor 3 months outcome. A novel nomogram composed of these significant features presented a concordance index (C-index) of 0.831 while the practical benefit was validated by DCA and clinical impact curve. An online calculator based on R programming promoted the clinical application of this nomogram. Conclusion: Nomogram involving age, HH grade, mFS, aneurysm location, and serum FFA levels was sufficient to provide an individualized prediction of 3-month poor outcome for each patient with aSAH who underwent endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongfan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Houzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengtao Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Luo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Cadar D, Ma Y, Ajnakina O, Steptoe A. Authors' response to comments on: Higher risk of dementia in English older individuals who are overweight or obese. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1041-1042. [PMID: 33822949 PMCID: PMC8485682 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Marseglia A, Darin-Mattsson A, Skoog J, Rydén L, Hadarsson-Bodin T, Kern S, Rydberg Sterner T, Shang Y, Zettergren A, Westman E, Skoog I. Metabolic syndrome is associated with poor cognition: a population-based study of 70-year-olds without dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2275-2283. [PMID: 34228116 PMCID: PMC8599084 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual conditions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been related to dementia; however, their combined impact on the preclinical stage is unknown. We investigated the associations between MetS and domain-specific cognitive function as well as the role of sociodemographic, cardiovascular, and genetic factors. Methods Within the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study-Birth cohort 1944, 1131 dementia-free participants (aged 70 years) were examined during 2014–2016. MetS (central obesity plus at least 2 factors [reduced HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, or blood glucose]) was identified according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Five cognitive domains (memory, attention/perceptual speed, executive function, verbal fluency, visuospatial abilities) were generated after z-standardizing raw scores from 10 neuropsychological tests. Education, heart disease, claudication (indicating peripheral atherosclerosis), and apolipoprotein genotype were ascertained by trained staff. Data were analyzed with linear regression models. Results Overall, 618 participants (55%) had MetS. In multiadjusted linear regressions, MetS was related to poorer performance in attention/perceptual speed (β −0.14 [95% CI −0.25, −0.02]), executive function (β −0.12 [95% CI −0.23, −0.01]), and verbal fluency (β −0.19 [95% CI −0.30, −0.08]). These associations were present only among individuals who did not carry any APOE-ε4 allele or were highly educated. However, among those with MetS, high education was related to better cognitive performance. MetS together with comorbid heart disease or claudication was associated with even worse cognitive performance than each alone. Conclusions MetS is associated with poor attention/perceptual speed, executive function, and verbal fluency performance. Education, apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele, and comorbid cardiovascular disease influenced the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marseglia
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Darin-Mattsson
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Skoog
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Rydén
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Timothy Hadarsson-Bodin
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ying Shang
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Mölndal, Sweden
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Szoeke C, Downie SJ, Parker AF, Phillips S. Sex hormones, vascular factors and cognition. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100927. [PMID: 34119528 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
After more than a century of research, we have failed to develop a pharmacological prevention or cure for dementia. There are strong indicators that sex hormones influence cognition. In this paper we discuss the role of these hormones at the intersection between vascular disease and dementia, in light of the mounting literature covering the shared risk factors, pathological features alongside the timeline of hormonal change with the evolution of vascular and neurodegenerative disease. Interactive risk factors and the role of inflammation over the duration of disease evolution are highlighted. Our summary tables assessing the impact of estrogen-based hormone therapy on cognition over the past 45 years illustrate the effort expended to determine the ideal age for intervention and the type, dose, administration, and duration of therapy that might improve or protect cognition as well as alleviate menopausal symptoms. As the prevalence of dementia is rising and is higher in women, it is crucial we advance our knowledge from the "inconclusive" position statement on menopausal hormone therapy of the US Preventive Services Task Force.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Szoeke
- Healthy Ageing Program, Centre for Medical Research (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - S J Downie
- Healthy Ageing Program, Centre for Medical Research (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A F Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Phillips
- Healthy Ageing Program, Centre for Medical Research (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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38
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Rojas M, Chávez-Castillo M, Pirela D, Parra H, Nava M, Chacín M, Angarita L, Añez R, Salazar J, Ortiz R, Durán Agüero S, Gravini-Donado M, Bermúdez V, Díaz-Camargo E. Metabolic Syndrome: Is It Time to Add the Central Nervous System? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072254. [PMID: 34208833 PMCID: PMC8308252 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The syndrome affects 25% of adults worldwide. The definition of MS has evolved over the last 80 years, with various classification systems and criteria, whose limitations and benefits are currently the subject of some controversy. Likewise, hypotheses regarding the etiology of MS add more confusion from clinical and epidemiological points of view. The leading suggestion for the pathophysiology of MS is insulin resistance (IR). IR can affect multiple tissues and organs, from the classic “triumvirate” (myocyte, adipocyte, and hepatocyte) to possible effects on organs considered more recently, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be clinical expressions of CNS involvement. However, the association between MCI and MS is not understood. The bidirectional relationship that seems to exist between these factors raises the questions of which phenomenon occurs first and whether MCI can be a precursor of MS. This review explores shared pathophysiological mechanisms between MCI and MS and establishes a hypothesis of a possible MCI role in the development of IR and the appearance of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 08002, Colombia;
| | - Lissé Angarita
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Concepción 4260000, Chile;
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela; (M.R.); (D.P.); (H.P.); (M.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Rina Ortiz
- Posgrado, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cantón de Cuenca 010101, Ecuador;
| | - Samuel Durán Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Los Leones 8420524, Chile;
| | - Marbel Gravini-Donado
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia;
| | - Edgar Díaz-Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
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Hoffmann J, Busse S, von Hoff F, Borucki K, Frodl T, Busse M. Association Between Homocysteine and Vitamin Levels in Demented Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:1781-1792. [PMID: 33998538 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is known that the nutritional status among elderly persons and, in particular, patients with dementia, is compromised, malnutrition that results in insufficient uptake of several vitamins is often not diagnosed. OBJECTIVE An elevated homocysteine level is a known strong risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several B vitamins are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. Therefore, we investigated the serum levels of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 in 97 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or different forms of dementia and 54 elderly control persons without dementia. RESULTS Compared to aged non-demented people, vitamins B1, B6, B12, and folate were decreased in serum of patients with AD, and patients with Lewy body dementia had reduced vitamin B12 level. Vitamin B6 was diminished in VaD. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed no alterations in vitamin levels. Age was identified as an important factor contributing to the concentrations of vitamin B1 and B6 in serum, but not vitamin B12 and folate. Increased levels of total homocysteine were detected especially in MCI and AD. Homocysteine correlated negatively with levels of vitamins B6, B12, and folate and positively with Q Albumin. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that despite increased homocysteine already present in MCI, vitamin levels are decreased only in dementia. We propose to determine the vitamin levels in patients with cognitive decline, but also elderly people in general, and recommend supplementing these nutrients if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Busse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franz von Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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40
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Bandyopadhyay S. Role of Neuron and Glia in Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Vascular Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:653334. [PMID: 34211387 PMCID: PMC8239194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.653334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenicity and vascular dysfunction are the key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), involving dysregulated cellular interactions. An intricate balance between neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and vascular cells sustains the normal neuronal circuits. Conversely, cerebrovascular diseases overlap neuropathologically with AD, and glial dyshomeostasis promotes AD-associated neurodegenerative cascade. While pathological hallmarks of AD primarily include amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, microvascular disorders, altered cerebral blood flow (CBF), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability induce neuronal loss and synaptic atrophy. Accordingly, microglia-mediated inflammation and astrogliosis disrupt the homeostasis of the neuro-vascular unit and stimulate infiltration of circulating leukocytes into the brain. Large-scale genetic and epidemiological studies demonstrate a critical role of cellular crosstalk for altered immune response, metabolism, and vasculature in AD. The glia associated genetic risk factors include APOE, TREM2, CD33, PGRN, CR1, and NLRP3, which correlate with the deposition and altered phagocytosis of Aβ. Moreover, aging-dependent downregulation of astrocyte and microglial Aβ-degrading enzymes limits the neurotrophic and neurogenic role of glial cells and inhibits lysosomal degradation and clearance of Aβ. Microglial cells secrete IGF-1, and neurons show a reduced responsiveness to the neurotrophic IGF-1R/IRS-2/PI3K signaling pathway, generating amyloidogenic and vascular dyshomeostasis in AD. Glial signals connect to neural stem cells, and a shift in glial phenotype over the AD trajectory even affects adult neurogenesis and the neurovascular niche. Overall, the current review informs about the interaction of neuronal and glial cell types in AD pathogenesis and its critical association with cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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41
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Biomarkers for evaluating the effects of exercise interventions in patients with MCI or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111424. [PMID: 34051283 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the biomarkers for evaluating the effects of exercise interventions in patients with cognitive impairment associated with aging, as well as their responses to exercise interventions. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: We systematically searched different electronic database, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus up to April 2020. Clinical controlled trials with exercise interventions in patients with cognitive impairment were included. The main outcomes included all the biomarkers used to evaluate the effects of exercise interventions. If data for certain biomarkers was enough (more than 2 studies), meta-analyses would be performed to estimate the effect sizes by calculating the standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Finally, we included 33 articles from 26 trials. The biomarkers included neurotrophic factors, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress markers, neuropathological hallmarks, metabolic biomarkers and genotypes. The meta-analyses indicated that exercise significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 (SMD = -0.45; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.18) and low-density lipoprotein (SMD = -0.26; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that aerobic exercise also could decrease the levels of TNF-α (SMD = -1.21; 95% CI: -2.29, -0.14). There were some important cognition-related biomarkers which were rarely measured, such as Aβ, tau and IGF-1. CONCLUSION Regular exercise showed positive effects on reducing inflammation and regulating lipid metabolism. But the available evidence is limited and more studies with different exercise interventions should be conducted to test the effects of exercise on other important cognition-related biomarkers in patients with cognitive dysfunction.
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Takahashi S, Fukushima H, Yu Z, Tomita H, Kida S. Tumor necrosis factor α negatively regulates the retrieval and reconsolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:79-88. [PMID: 33677026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural inflammation is associated with cognitive decline, especially learning and memory. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a major cytokine generated during neuroinflammation. Previous studies indicated that TNFα impairs hippocampus-dependent memory including contextual fear and spatial memories. However, it is unknown which memory processes are impaired by TNFα. Here, we show that TNFα blocked the retrieval and reconsolidation of contextual fear and spatial memories. Micro-infusion of TNFα into the dorsal hippocampus at 6-18 h before retrieval impaired the retrieval of contextual fear memory, although micro-infusion before contextual fear conditioning had no effect on memory formation. Interestingly, hippocampal TNFα micro-infusion before memory retrieval decreased freezing responses, even at 24 h after retrieval, suggesting that TNFα impairs the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Similarly, hippocampal TNFα micro-infusion impaired the retrieval and reconsolidation of spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Consistent with these observations, hippocampal TNFα micro-infusion before retrieval blocked the induction of c-fos expression in the hippocampus, which is a marker of neural activation, in response to the retrieval of contextual fear memory. Collectively, our findings indicate that TNFα negatively regulates the retrieval and reconsolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hotaka Fukushima
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
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Cho Y, Han K, Kim DH, Park YM, Yoon KH, Kim MK, Lee SH. Cumulative Exposure to Metabolic Syndrome Components and the Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:424-435. [PMID: 33849249 PMCID: PMC8090478 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disturbances are modifiable risk factors for dementia. Because the status of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components changes over time, we aimed to investigate the association of the cumulative exposure to MetS and its components with the risk of dementia. METHODS Adults (n=1,492,776; ≥45-years-old) who received health examinations for 4 consecutive years were identified from a nationwide population-based cohort in Korea. Two exposure-weighted scores were calculated: cumulative number of MetS diagnoses (MetS exposure score, range of 0 to 4) and the composite of its five components (MetS component exposure score, range of 0 to 20). Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for dementia were analyzed using the multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS Overall, 47.1% of subjects were diagnosed with MetS at least once, and 11.5% had persistent MetS. During the mean 5.2 years of follow-up, there were 7,341 cases (0.5%) of incident dementia. There was a stepwise increase in the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia with increasing MetS exposure score and MetS component exposure score (each P for trend <0.0001). The HR of all-cause dementia was 2.62 (95% CI, 1.87 to 3.68) in subjects with a MetS component exposure score of 20 compared with those with a score of 0. People fulfilling only one MetS component out of 20 already had an approximately 40% increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION More cumulative exposure to metabolic disturbances was associated with a higher risk of dementia. Of note, even minimal exposure to MetS components had a significant effect on the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Da Hye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Park
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR,
USA
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
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Propolis in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030348. [PMID: 33652692 PMCID: PMC7996839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous product collected by bees from plants to protect and maintain the homeostasis of their hives. Propolis has been used therapeutically by humans for centuries. This review article attempts to analyze the potential use of propolis in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated chronic diseases. MetS and its chronic diseases were shown to be involved in at least seven out of the top 10 causes of death in 2019. Patients with MetS are also at a heightened risk of severe morbidity and mortality in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Propolis with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is potentially useful in ameliorating the symptoms of MetS and its associated chronic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on propolis and its therapeutic benefit in MetS and its chronic diseases, with an emphasis on in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as human clinical trials. Moreover, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action of propolis are also discussed. Propolis inhibits the development and manifestation of MetS and its chronic diseases by inhibiting of the expression and interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGEs), inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, and promoting the cellular antioxidant systems.
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Differentially expressed genes accompanying neurobehavioral deficits in a modified rat model of vascular dementia. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135774. [PMID: 33640362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia refers to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. The heterogeneity of cerebrovascular disease renders it challenging to elucidate the neuropathological substrates and mechanisms underlying vascular dementia. In this study, we performed neurobehavioral tests, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) tests to evaluate a rat model of modified two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) and identify the differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of 2-VO versus sham rats by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations. Compared with the sham group, the 2-VO group revealed significantly reduced spontaneous motor behaviors, a lack of exploration for new objects, and varying degrees of spatial memory impairment. Although the genetic background of vascular dementia is well established for monogenic disorders, the relationship between key regulatory genes and signaling pathways remains obscure. Using RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses, we identified 58 upregulated genes and 137 downregulated genes in the hippocampus of 2-VO rats compared to sham rats. Results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. ErbB3, a gene mainly involved in cranial nervous system development, negative regulation of neuronal apoptosis, and signal transduction, was downregulated in the hippocampus of 2-VO rats compared to sham rats. Moreover, ERBB3 plays an important role in neuron-protecting ERBB and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, both of which were found to be enriched by GO and KEGG functional pathway analyses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of vascular dementia may help establish potential treatment targets for cognitive deficits.
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Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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47
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Blevins BL, Vinters HV, Love S, Wilcock DM, Grinberg LT, Schneider JA, Kalaria RN, Katsumata Y, Gold BT, Wang DJJ, Ma SJ, Shade LMP, Fardo DW, Hartz AMS, Jicha GA, Nelson KB, Magaki SD, Schmitt FA, Teylan MA, Ighodaro ET, Phe P, Abner EL, Cykowski MD, Van Eldik LJ, Nelson PT. Brain arteriolosclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:1-24. [PMID: 33098484 PMCID: PMC8503820 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain arteriolosclerosis (B-ASC), characterized by pathologic arteriolar wall thickening, is a common finding at autopsy in aged persons and is associated with cognitive impairment. Hypertension and diabetes are widely recognized as risk factors for B-ASC. Recent research indicates other and more complex risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. Here, we describe aspects of the unique architecture of brain arterioles, histomorphologic features of B-ASC, relevant neuroimaging findings, epidemiology and association with aging, established genetic risk factors, and the co-occurrence of B-ASC with other neuropathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). There may also be complex physiologic interactions between metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension and inflammation) and brain arteriolar pathology. Although there is no universally applied diagnostic methodology, several classification schemes and neuroimaging techniques are used to diagnose and categorize cerebral small vessel disease pathologies that include B-ASC, microinfarcts, microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In clinical-pathologic studies that factored in comorbid diseases, B-ASC was independently associated with impairments of global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed, and has been linked to autonomic dysfunction and motor symptoms including parkinsonism. We conclude by discussing critical knowledge gaps related to B-ASC and suggest that there are probably subcategories of B-ASC that differ in pathogenesis. Observed in over 80% of autopsied individuals beyond 80 years of age, B-ASC is a complex and under-studied contributor to neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Blevins
- Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol and Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samantha J Ma
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lincoln M P Shade
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Shino D Magaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, University Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - Panhavuth Phe
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Epidemiology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Departments of Pathology and Genomic Medicine and Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Antonazzo B, Marano G, Romagnoli E, Ronzoni S, Frati G, Sani G, Janiri L, Mazza M. Impact of arterial hypertension and its management strategies on cognitive function and dementia: a comprehensive umbrella review. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 70:285-297. [PMID: 33258570 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive decline and dementia recognize multiple risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, often involved simultaneously with complex interactions. Several studies have shown that both arterial hypertension and hypotension are associated with a greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia, but clinical evidence on this point is conflicting. Our aim was to conduct an umbrella review on cognitive function, dementia, and blood pressure, with particular attention to epidemiological, prognostic and therapeutic aspects. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a dedicated literature search on PubMed for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that focused on arterial pressure, hypertension, hypotension and similar conditions, and cognitive function, cognitive decline and dementia. The internal validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses was formally analyzed using the OQAQ tool. The umbrella review was planned in accordance with current international recommendations and was described as specified by the PRISMA guidelines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Seventeen systematic reviews (including 13 meta-analyses) were included, for a total of 675 clinical studies and over 1 million patients. Hypertension results to be associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer's dementia, greater risk of vascular dementia and greater risk of cognitive decline. Orthostatic hypotension seems to be associated with greater risk of Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia and dementia of Parkinson's disease. Therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces lower risk of cardiovascular events, greater risk of hypertension and greater risk of bradycardia, while the anti-hypertensive therapy leads to a lower risk of dementia of all types and lower risk of cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS To date, the evidence on the relationship between blood pressure, cognitive decline and dementia provides somewhat heterogeneous data. Further studies are clearly needed, with explicit inclusion criteria as objective as possible, adequate follow-up and precise characterization of implemented cardiovascular and cognitive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Romagnoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Janiri
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
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Koszewicz M, Jaroch J, Brzecka A, Ejma M, Budrewicz S, Mikhaleva LM, Muresanu C, Schield P, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Avila-Rodriguez M, Aliev G. Dysbiosis is one of the risk factor for stroke and cognitive impairment and potential target for treatment. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105277. [PMID: 33166735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 million people have various forms of cognitive impairment basically caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cerebrovascular diseases as well as stroke. Often these conditions coexist and exacerbate one another. The damaged area in post-stroke dementia may lead to neurodegenerative lesions. Gut microbiome functions like an endocrine organ by generating bioactive metabolites that can directly or indirectly impact human physiology. An alteration in the composition and function of intestinal flora, i.e. gut dysbiosis, is implicated in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Additionally, gut dysbiosis may accelerate the progression of cognitive impairment. Dysbiosis may result from obesity; metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and sleep disorders, Lack of physical activity is associated with dysbiosis as well. These may coexist in various patterns in older people, enhancing the risk, incidence, and progression of cerebrovascular lesions, neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitive impairment, creating a vicious circle. Recently, it has been reported that several metabolites produced by gut microbiota (e.g., trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids) may be linked to neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. New treatment modalities, including prebiotic and probiotics, may normalize the gut microbiota composition, change the brain-gut barrier, and decrease the risk of the pathology development. Fecal microbiota transplantation, sometimes in combination with other methods, is used for remodeling and replenishing the symbiotic gut microbiome. This promising field of research is associated with basic findings of bidirectional communication between body organs and gut microbiota that creates new possibilities of pharmacological treatments of many clinical conditions. The authors present the role of gut microbiota in physiology, and the novel therapeutic targets in modulation of intestinal microbiota Personalized therapies based on their personal genome make up could offer benefits by modulating microbiota cross-talk with brain and cardiovascular system. A healthy lifestyle, including pre and probiotic nutrition is generally recommended. Prevention may also be enhanced by correcting gut dysbiosis resulting a reduced risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment including dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Koszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Borowska 213, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaroch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wrocław, Bartla 5, Poland; Department of Cardiology, Lower Silesian Specialist Hospital, Fieldorfa 2, 54-049 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-439, Wroclaw, Grabiszynska 105, Poland
| | - Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Borowska 213, Poland
| | - Slawomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Borowska 213, Poland
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute of Human Morphology», 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Cristian Muresanu
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapies, Str. Trifoiului nr. 12 G, 400478, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pamela Schield
- School of Education & Athletics, Salem University, Salem, WV 26426, United States
| | | | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA
| | - Marco Avila-Rodriguez
- Health Sciences Faculty, Clinic Sciences Department, University of Tolima, 730006 Ibague, Colombia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Institute of Human Morphology», 3, Tsyurupy Str., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation; I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia; GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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50
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Age and diet modify acute microhemorrhage outcome in the mouse brain. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 98:99-107. [PMID: 33259985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are considered as asymptomatic lesions, but might impair cognition in non-demented elderly individuals. The aging process includes poor vascular health, enhanced at midlife by metabolic disturbances upon high-fat diet (HFD). The onset of CMHs could thus have more serious consequences in midlife subjects with metabolic disturbances. This hypothesis was tested through the induction of multiple CMHs, using cyclodextrin nanoparticles injection, in mice at midlife (14 month old) or at a younger stage (5 month old) after 12 months or 3 months of normal diet or HFD (40% of animal fat) respectively. When induced at 14 months of age, CMHs were not larger but were more numerous (+25%) in mice on HFD compared with mice on normal diet. They slowed down the locomotor activity significantly but caused neither a change in the working memory nor a difference in the visual recognition memory decline. When induced at 5 months of age, CMHs provoked slighter locomotor and cognitive symptoms, regardless the diet. No spontaneous progression of CMHs toward larger hemorrhages was observed after onset when HFD was prolonged up to midlife. Consistently, no precipitated cognitive decline was observed. Middle-age plus time of metabolic disturbances represent enhanced risk factors for CMH outcome.
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