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Zhang Z, Leng Z, Kang L, Yan X, Shi J, Ji Y, Guo C, Fang K, Wang Z, Li Z, Sun M, Zhao Z, Feng A, Chen Z, Zhang S, Wan D, Chen T, Xu M. Alcohol inducing macrophage M2b polarization in colitis by modulating the TRPV1-MAPK/NF-κB pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155580. [PMID: 38810558 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages exhibit different phenotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and promote inflammation or tissue repair depending on their polarization state. Alcohol is a widely used solvent in pharmaceutical formulations, and its consumption is associated with an increased risk of colitis; however, its effects on macrophages in IBD remain poorly understood. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol on macrophages in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and understand the underlying mechanisms. METHODS DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice were exposed to varying concentrations of alcohol, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, and 5-aminosalicylic acid. The distal colon was resected, fixed, stained, and histologically analyzed, through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescence staining. Ratio [Ca2+]i measurements, western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, cytokine measurements, and RNA sequencing analyses were also performed. Peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells were used for in vitro experiments, and various assays were performed to evaluate cellular responses, gene expression, and signaling pathways. RESULTS Alcohol exacerbated DSS-treated mice colitis and promoted the secretion of various inflammatory cytokines from colonic macrophages. Alcohol enhances the calcium ion influx induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in peritoneal macrophages, while the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) inhibits LPS- and/or alcohol- induced calcium influx in macrophages. Alcohol and LPS activate the MAPK/P38, MAPK/ERK, and NF-κB signaling pathways and induce the macrophage M2b polarization, resulting in the increased expression level of inflammatory cytokines such as Tnf, Il1b, and Il10. Additionally, CPZ can inhibit the facilitatory effects of alcohol or LPS on the abovementioned pathways and inflammatory factors, reversing macrophage M2b polarization and promoting alcohol-induced colitis. The inhibition of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) partially suppressed the alcohol and LPS effects on macrophages. CONCLUSION Alcohol exacerbates experimental colitis and induces M2b polarization of macrophage via TRPV1-MAPK/NF-κB. Our study provides new insights into the potential therapeutic targets for IBD treatment by elucidating the role of TRPV1 in alcohol-exacerbated colitis, using CPZ as a potential therapeutic option. The identification of transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1) as a therapeutic target expands the scope of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuyun Leng
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Yan
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Shi
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Fang
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingchuang Sun
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Zhao
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Feng
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhukai Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Allam S, Krüger D, Michel K, Schnabl K, Klingenspor M, Schemann M, Annaházi A. Mechanisms involved in the muscle relaxing effects of STW 5 in guinea pig stomach. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14761. [PMID: 38342975 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The herbal preparation STW 5 ameliorates functional dyspepsia partly by relaxing smooth muscle of the proximal stomach, thus improving gastric accommodation. We explored the unknown pathways responsible for this effect by testing targets known to modulate gastric smooth muscle relaxation. METHODS STW 5-induced relaxation of smooth muscle strips from guinea pig gastric corpus before and after pharmacological interventions were recorded with force transducers in an organ bath. ORAI1 mRNA expression was tested in the proximal stomach. KEY RESULTS Blockade of Ca2+ -activated K+ and Cl- channels, voltage-gated L- or T-type Ca2+ channels, TRPA1-, TRPV1-, adenosine or 5-HT4 receptors, antagonizing ryanodine receptors, inhibiting cyclooxygenase or sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase did not affect STW 5-evoked relaxation. Likewise, protein-kinase A or G were not involved. However, the relaxation evoked by STW 5 was significantly reduced by phorbol-12-myristat-13-acetat, an activator of protein-kinase C, by 2- aminoethyldiphenylborinate, an inhibitor of the IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum or by SKF-96365, a nonselective store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) blocker. Furthermore, the mixed TRPC3/SOCE inhibitor Pyr3, but not the selective TRPC3 blocker Pyr10, reduced the effect of STW 5. Finally, BTP2, a potent blocker of ORAI-coupled SOCE, almost abolished STW 5-evoked relaxation. Expression of ORAI1 could be demonstrated in the corpus/fundus. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES STW 5 inhibited SOCE, most likely ORAI channels, which are modulated by IP3- and PKC-dependent mechanisms. Our findings impact on the design of drugs to induce muscle relaxation and help identify phytochemicals with similar modes of actions to treat gastrointestinal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Allam
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Dagmar Krüger
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Klaus Michel
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anita Annaházi
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Zhang Z, Engel MA, Koch E, Reeh PW, Khalil M. Menthacarin induces calcium ion influx in sensory neurons, macrophages and colonic organoids of mice. Life Sci 2020; 264:118682. [PMID: 33127519 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Menthacarin is a herbal combination that is clinically used for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In several clinical studies, Menthacarin reduced visceral hypersensitivity-related symptoms. Pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity is multifactorial. This involves several cell types and different transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs); these ion channels are highly conductive for calcium ions. Since transient changes in cytosolic calcium levels are crucial for many functions of living cells, we investigated if Menthacarin can induce calcium influx in sensory, largely nociceptive, neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and colonic organoids. MAIN METHODS We employed the calcium imaging technique on sensory neurons from DRG, PMs and colonic organoids isolated from mice. All cells were superfused by Menthacarin at several concentrations (600, 1200, 1800 μg/ml) during the experiments, followed by calcium ionophor ionomycin (Iono., 1 μM) as a positive control. KEY FINDINGS Menthacarin induced concentration-dependent calcium ion influx in all investigated cell types. Furthermore, repeated applications of Menthacarin induced tachyphylaxis (desensitisation) of calcium responses in sensory neurons and colonic organoids. SIGNIFICANCE Menthacarin-induced calcium influx into sensory neurons, macrophages and colonic organoids is probably related to its clinical desensitising effects in patients with FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Engel
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - E Koch
- Preclinical Research, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology und Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Khalil
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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