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Feng Y, Luo H, Huang J, Zhang Y, Wen J, Li L, Mi Z, Gao Q, He S, Liu X, Zhai X, Wang X, Zhang L, Niu T, Zheng Y. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a novel molecular target of bortezomib. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:588. [PMID: 39138149 PMCID: PMC11322525 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), such as bortezomib and calfizomib, were backbone agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In this study, we investigated bortezomib interactors in MM cells and identified dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) as a molecular target of bortezomib. DLD catalyzes the oxidation of dihydrolipoamide to form lipoamide, a reaction that also generates NADH. Our data showed that bortezomib bound to DLD and inhibited DLD's enzymatic function in MM cells. DLD knocked down MM cells (DLD-KD) had decreased levels of NADH. Reduced NADH suppressed assembly of proteasome complex in cells. As a result, DLD-KD MM cells had decreased basal-level proteasome activity and were more sensitive to bortezomib. Since PIs were used in many anti-MM regimens in clinics, we found that high expression of DLD correlated with inferior prognosis of MM. Considering the regulatory role of DLD in proteasome assembly, we evaluated DLD targeting therapy in MM cells. DLD inhibitor CPI-613 showed a synergistic anti-MM effect with bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our findings elucidated DLD as an alternative molecular target of bortezomib in MM. DLD-targeting might increase MM sensitivity to PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Hematology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyue Mi
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyao He
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology/Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhang F, Hao Y, Yang N, Liu M, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Liu H, Li J. Oridonin-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis: a dual approach to suppress the growth of osteosarcoma cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:198. [PMID: 38347435 PMCID: PMC10863210 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common aggressive bone malignancy tumors in adolescents. With the application of new chemotherapy regimens, finding new and effective anti-OS drugs to coordinate program implementation is urgent for the patients of OS. Oridonin had been proved to mediate anti-tumor effect on OS cells, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The effects of oridonin on the viability, clonal formation and migration of 143B and U2OS cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assays and wound-healing test. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to explore the mechanism of oridonin on OS. Western blot (WB), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relative proteins and genes. Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit and flow cytometry examination were used to detect the level of apoptosis. Iron assay kit was used to evaluate the relative Fe2+ content. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and lipid peroxidation production was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit and ROS assay kit. RESULTS Oridonin could effectively inhibit the survival, clonal formation and metastasis of OS cells. The KEGG results indicated that oridonin is associated with the malignant phenotypic signaling pathways of proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in OS. Oridonin was capable of inhibiting expressions of BAX, cl-caspase3, SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 proteins and mRNA, while promoting the expressions of Bcl-2 and ACSL4 in 143B and U2OS cells. Additionally, we found that oridonin could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ in OS cells, as well as reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and these effects could be significantly reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). CONCLUSION Oridonin can trigger apoptosis and ferroptosis collaboratively in OS cells, making it a promising and effective agent for OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yage Luo
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jitian Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
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