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Du H, Diao C, Zhuo Y, Zheng X, Hu Z, Lu S, Jin W, Zhou L, Liu JF. Assembly of novel sequences for Chinese domestic pigs reveals new genes and regulatory variants providing new insights into their diversity. Genomics 2024; 116:110782. [PMID: 38176574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing understanding that a reference genome representing an individual cannot capture all the gene repertoire of a species. Here, we conduct a population-scale missing sequences detection of Chinese domestic pigs using whole-genome sequencing data from 534 individuals. We identify 132.41 Mb of sequences absent in the reference assembly, including eight novel genes. In particular, the breeds spread in Chinese high-altitude regions perform significantly different frequencies of new sequences in promoters than other breeds. Furthermore, we dissect the role of non-coding variants and identify a novel sequence inserted in the 3'UTR of the FMO3 gene, which may be associated with the intramuscular fat phenotype. This novel sequence could be a candidate marker for meat quality. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the missing sequences in Chinese domestic pigs and indicates that this dataset is a valuable resource for understanding the diversity and biology of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chenguang Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yue Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengzheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Dou X, Yan D, Liu S, Gao N, Ma Z, Shi Z, Dong N, Shan A. Host Defense Peptides in Nutrition and Diseases: A Contributor of Immunology Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3125-3140. [PMID: 36753427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are primary components of the innate immune system with diverse biological functions, such as antibacterial ability and immunomodulatory function. HDPs are produced and released by immune and epithelial cells against microbial invasion, which are widely distributed in humans, animals, plants, and microbes. Notably, there are great differences in endogenous HDP distribution and expression in humans and animals. Moreover, HDP expression could be regulated by exogenous substances, such as nutrients, and different physiological statuses in health and disease. In this review, we systematically assessed the regulation of expression and mechanism of endogenous HDPs from nutrition and disease perspectives, providing a basis to identify the specificity and regularity of HDP expression. Furthermore, the regulation mechanism of HDP expression was summarized systematically, and the differences in the regulation between nutrients and diseases were explored. From this review, we provide novel ideas targeted the immune regulation of HDPs for protecting host health in nutrition and practical and effective new ideas using the immune regulation theory for further research on protecting host health from pathogenic infection and excessive immunity diseases under the global challenge of the antibiotic-abuse-induced series of problems, including food security and microbial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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Zhao X, Jiang L, Fang X, Guo Z, Wang X, Shi B, Meng Q. Host-microbiota interaction-mediated resistance to inflammatory bowel disease in pigs. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:115. [PMID: 35907917 PMCID: PMC9338544 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease resistance phenotypes are associated with immune regulatory functions and immune tolerance and have implications for both the livestock industry and human health. Microbiota plays an essential role in regulating immunity and autoimmunity in the host organism, but the influence of host-microbiota interactions on disease resistance phenotypes remains unclear. Here, multiomics analysis was performed to identify potential regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance at both the microbiome and host levels in two pig breeds. RESULTS Acute colitis models were established in Min pigs and Yorkshire pigs, and control and diseased individuals were compared. Compared with Yorkshire pigs under the same nutritional and management conditions, Min pigs exhibited strong disease resistance, as indicated by a low disease activity index (DAI) and a low histological activity index (HAI). Microbiota sequencing analysis showed that potentially harmful microbes Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides and Streptococcus were enriched in diseased individuals of the two breeds. Notably, potentially beneficial microbes, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridia and Eubacterium, and several genera belonging to Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae were enriched in diseased Min pigs and were found to be positively associated with the microbial metabolites related to intestinal barrier function. Specifically, the concentrations of indole derivatives and short-chain fatty acids were increased in diseased Min pigs, suggesting beneficial action in protecting intestinal barrier. In addition, lower concentrations of bile acid metabolites and short-chain fatty acids were observed in diseased Yorkshire pigs, which were associated with increased potentially harmful microbes, such as Bilophila and Alistipes. Concerning enrichment of the immune response, the increase in CD4+ T cells in the lamina propria improved supervision of the host immunity response in diseased Min pigs, contributing to the maintenance of Th2-type immune superiority and immune tolerance patterns and control of excessive inflammation with the help of potentially beneficial microbes. In diseased Yorkshire pigs, more terms belonging to biological processes of immunity were enriched, including Toll-like receptors signalling, NF-κB signalling and Th1 and Th17-type immune responses, along with the increases of potentially harmful microbes and damaged intestinal barrier. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, the results for the two pig breeds highlight that host-microbiota crosstalk promotes a disease resistance phenotype in three ways: by maintaining partial PRR nonactivation, maintaining Th2-type immune superiority and immunological tolerance patterns and recovering gut barrier function to protect against colonic diseases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyu Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Sun G, Song X, Zou Y, Teng T, Jiang L, Shi B. Dietary Glucose Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Development and Immune Homeostasis Disorders Induced by Chronic Cold Stress in Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147730. [PMID: 35887078 PMCID: PMC9317271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotherms are easily challenged by chronic cold stress. In this study, the development and injury of the small intestine in the Min pig model and Yorkshire pig model under chronic cold stress, and the molecular mechanisms by which glucose supplementation reduces small intestinal mucosal damage were investigated. The results showed that morphological structure lesions of the jejunal mucosa and ileal mucosa were visible in Yorkshire pigs under chronic cold stress. Meanwhile, the Occludin mRNA and protein expression in jejunal mucosa of Yorkshire pigs was decreased. Chronic cold stress enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the myeloid differentiation main response 88 (MyD88), nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, mature-IL-1β, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB 1) mRNA and protein expression in jejunal mucosa of Yorkshire pigs, whereas the mRNA and protein of Bax was triggered in ileal mucosa. In Min pigs, no such deleterious consequences were observed. Dietary glucose supplementation ameliorates small intestinal mucosal injury, declined TLR4 and MyD88 expression in jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, chronic cold stress induced the small intestinal mucosa damage in Yorkshire pigs, whereas glucose supplementation mitigated the deleterious effects of chronic cold stress on the small intestine.
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Characteristics of faecal bacterial flora and volatile fatty acids in Min pig, Landrace pig, and Yorkshire pig. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Shi S, Shen T, Liu Y, Chen L, Wang C, Liao C. Porcine Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptides: A Review of the Activity and Latest Advances. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:664139. [PMID: 34055951 PMCID: PMC8160099 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.664139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional antibiotics have made great contributions to human health and animal husbandry since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, but bacterial resistance and drug residues are growing threats to global public health due to the long-term uncontrolled application of antibiotics. There is a critical need to develop new antimicrobial drugs to replace antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are distributed in all kingdoms of life, presenting activity against pathogens as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities; consequently, they have prospects as new potential alternatives to antibiotics. Porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptides (PMAPs), the porcine cathelicidin family of AMPs, have been reported in the literature in recent years. PMAPs have become an important research topic due to their strong antibacterial activity. This review focuses on the universal trends in the biochemical parameters, structural characteristics and biological activities of PMAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Shi
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Tengfei Shen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Wang C, Yang Y, Gao N, Lan J, Dou X, Li J, Shan A. L-Threonine upregulates the expression of β-defensins by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressing SIRT1 expression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:5821-5836. [PMID: 34047325 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00269d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial peptide (AMP), found in all forms of life and playing a pivotal role in the innate immune system, has been developed as a new strategy for maintaining intestinal health and reducing antibiotic usage due to its ability to resist pathogens and commensal microbes. The current study investigated the effects of l-threonine on β-defensin expression, the intestinal mucosal barrier and inflammatory cytokine expression in porcine intestinal epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2). The results revealed that in IPEC-J2 cells, l-threonine significantly increased the expression of β-defensin (including pBD-1, pBD-2, and pBD-3) in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). By using different concentrations and treatment times of l-threonine, the results showed that the expression of β-defensin was upregulated to the greatest extent in IPEC-J2 cells cultured with 1 mM l-threonine for 24 h. Although the mRNA expression levels of β-defensins were markedly increased (P < 0.05), there was relatively little inducible pBD-1, pBD-2 and pBD-3 mRNA expression at the sub-confluent and confluent densities in comparison with post-confluent densities. Furthermore, we found that l-threonine enhanced the β-defensin expression by suppressing the expression of SIRT1, which increased acetylated p65 expression, and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, which induced the translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, l-threonine significantly prevented LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by attenuating the decreasing tendency of the mRNA expression of Mucin1 and Mucin2 (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, l-threonine enhanced the expression of β-defensins upon LPS challenge in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). l-Threonine obviously decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines compared to that in untreated cells (P < 0.05). In conclusion, l-threonine can upregulate β-defensin expression and reduce inflammatory cytokine expression in IPEC-J2 cells; meanwhile, l-threonine alleviates LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. The l-threonine-mediated modulation of endogenous defensin expression may be a promising approach to reduce antibiotic use, enhance disease resistance and intestinal health in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Lan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiujing Dou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Teng T, Gao F, He W, Fu H, Guo J, Bai G, Shi B. An Early Fecal Microbiota Transfer Improves the Intestinal Conditions on Microflora and Immunoglobulin and Antimicrobial Peptides in Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4830-4843. [PMID: 32252520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of early fecal microbial transfer (FMT) on the microflora of recipient piglets, where Yorkshire newborn piglets and Min sows (an indigenous pig breed in China) were used as the fecal recipients and donors, respectively, to reveal the changes in immunity and development-related functions of the intestinal mucosa driven by FMT. The recipient group was inoculated with fecal microbial fluids from days 1 to 10. On day 21, the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria was reduced; the concentrations of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the jejunal mucosa, and that of IgG in the ileal mucosa of the recipient group, were increased (P < 0.05). On day 40, the relative abundance of the Firmicutes in the recipient group was increased, while that of Bacteroides was decreased. The concentrations of IgG and IgM in the ileal mucosa of the recipient group were increased. FMT protected the intestine by modulating the antimicrobial peptides of the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05). The results of this study revealed that early FMT can improve the gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal immunity, and intestinal development-related functions of Yorkshire piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guangdong Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Use of modified halloysite nanotubes in the feed reduces the toxic effects of zearalenone on sow reproduction and piglet development. Theriogenology 2015; 83:932-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xiong HT, Gao YH, Liu D, Wang YZ, Du HH. High level of hepcidin mRNA expression is associated with high production of immune factors in Tibetan pigs. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li HX, Lu XJ, Li CH, Chen J. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of two distinct liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) genes in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:330-339. [PMID: 24727197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) plays a vital role in the host innate immune system. In the present study, two LEAP-2 genes (LcLEAP-2A and LcLEAP-2C) from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) were cloned, both of which consist of 3 exons and 2 introns. The LcLEAP-2A transcripts were expressed in a wide range of tissues, with the highest mRNA levels found in the liver and intestine, while LcLEAP-2C transcripts showed obvious lower mRNA levels in all tested tissues compared to LcLEAP-2A. Upon infection by Vibrio alginolyticus, LcLEAP-2A transcripts were significantly up-regulated in liver, trunk kidney, spleen, head kidney, and gill, but down-regulated in intestine. In addition, significant up-regulation of LcLEAP-2C transcripts were also detected in all tissues tested, including intestine. The LcLEAP-2A and LcLEAP-2C mature peptides were chemically synthesized and found to exhibit selective antimicrobial activity in vitro against various species of bacteria. LcLEAP-2C, but not LcLEAP-2A, had antimicrobial activity against V. alginolyticus. Moreover, LcLEAP-2C treatment at low concentrations was evaluated and found to improve survival rate in V. alginolyticus-infected large yellow croaker, resulting in a decrease in bacterial load and expression of inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that LcLEAP-2 isoforms play an important role in innate immunity by killing bacteria and inhibiting early inflammatory response in large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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