1
|
Ro Y, Choi W, Hong L, Min K, Ryu I, Kim D. Application of tenotomy on Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) with spastic paresis symptoms in the field. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e45. [PMID: 37271513 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine spastic paresis (BSP) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by hypertension and stiffness of hindlimb. Two Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) calves developed BSP or BSP-like symptoms, and a tenotomy of superficial tendon of medial head and deep tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle was performed for treatment. A cast was applied postoperatively to prevent muscle rupture and was removed three weeks later. The prognosis was evaluated at 3 weeks, 6 and 18 months postoperatively. Neither calf showed any other postoperative sequelae. This is the first case study to report the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BSP in Hanwoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younghye Ro
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Woojae Choi
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Leegon Hong
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Min
- Hoengseong National Livestock Cooperative Federation Veterinary Clinic, Hoengseong National Livestock Cooperative Federation, Hoengseong 25235, Korea
| | - Inkwang Ryu
- Ryu Inkwang Veterinary Clinic, Yeongwol 26214, Korea
| | - Danil Kim
- Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Samarin AA, Norouzian MA, Afzalzadeh A. Effect of trace mineral source on biochemical and hematological parameters, digestibility, and performance in growing lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:40. [PMID: 35006384 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To study the efficacy of organic trace mineral supplementation on blood parameters, digestibility, and growth as compared to inorganic sources, 18 Zandi male lambs (with initial body weight, 28.5 ±1.4 kg and 110±5 days old) were divided into three groups of six animals in each in a completely randomized design. Lambs in the control group were fed basal diet containing 63 kg/100 kg of concentrate mixture, 22 kg/100 kg of alfalfa hay, and 15 kg/100 kg wheat straw. Animals in the experimental groups were additionally supplemented with trace minerals supplied by sulfates or a diet in which 25.7 ppm Zn, 14.3 ppm Mn, 8.9 ppm Cu from mineral-amino acid complex, and 0.86 ppm Co from Co glucoheptonate replaced with similar amounts of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co from sulfates. All lambs were kept in individual pens with cemented floor and provision of individual feeding and watering. Lambs fed with either organic or inorganic trace mineral supplement showed higher dry matter intake and growth rate and better feed conversion efficiency (P<0.05) as compared to the control group. Blood glucose, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and hepatic enzymes were similar among the treatments. Triglycerides (P<0.01) concentration was lower for mineral-supplemented groups. Blood vitamin B12 concentration increased with mineral supplementation and was higher for the lambs fed with organic source of trace elements as compared with those fed with inorganic mineral and the control diet (P=0.04). The results of this study showed that feeding organic trace elements improves growth performance of finishing lambs but did not affect nutrient digestibility and blood parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Abdian Samarin
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Norouzian
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Afzalzadeh
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yazlık MO, Çolakoğlu HE, Pekcan M, Kaya U, Küplülü Ş, Kaçar C, Polat M, Vural MR. Effects of injectable trace element and vitamin supplementation during the gestational, peri-parturient, or early lactational periods on neutrophil functions and pregnancy rate in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 225:106686. [PMID: 33450436 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of injectable trace element and vitamin combination on phagocytic, oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Cows were to assigned to the following groups: (1) injectable trace element supplementation (ITES, n = 44, containing zinc, manganese, copper, selenium); (2) injectable vitamin supplementation (VIT, n = 48, containing vitamins A, D3, E); (3) ITES + VIT (n = 46); and (4) control (CON, n = 44). Cows were administered four injections between 230 and 260 days of the gestational period, on day of parturition, and 30 days postpartum. Neutrophil function was assessed at 10 days before and after calving. Phagocytosis was greater in cows of the ITES + VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05) while oxidative burst was similar among groups. There were greater non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in cows of the ITES+VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05). Cows supplemented with ITES+ VIT had less SOD activity than those supplemented with ITES or vitamin during the pre- to post-partum transition period (P < 0.05). The total odds of pregnancy were greater in cows supplemented with trace element and/or vitamin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of ITES and/or VIT resulted in an increased total pregnancy rate. Vitamin or trace element supplementation did not differ with the control group in both the prepartum and postpartum period for immune variables. There, however, was greater phagocytosis in cows supplemented with vitamin and trace elements during the prepartum period that might be related to metabolic-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Onur Yazlık
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Esra Çolakoğlu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mert Pekcan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 31070, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Küplülü
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Kaçar
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 36300, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Mert Polat
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Vural
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Top-dressing of chelated phytogenic feed additives in the diet of lactating Friesian cows to enhance feed utilization and lactational performance. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present experiment evaluated the inclusion of chelated phytogenic feed additives mixture in the diet of lactating cows for the first 3 months of lactation. A week before calving, thirty multiparous Friesian cows were divided into three treatments in a complete randomized design and fed a basal diet without supplementation (Control treatment), or the control diet supplemented with chelated phytogenic additives at 3 g (PHY3 treatment), or at 6 g/cow/d (PHY6 treatment). Menthol, levomenthol, β-linaloolm, anethole, hexadecanoic acid and pmenthane were the principal compounds identified in the additives mixture. Milk production, total solid, protein, fat, and lactose were increased with PHY3, but decreased by PHY6 (P<0.01). Whereas the PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) milk contents of Ca and Zn, PHY3 and PHY6 treatments increased (P<0.05) milk Fe and Mn concentrations. Though the PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) nutrient digestibility, the PHY6 treatment decreased (P<0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and proportional acetate and propionate and decreased butyrate, while the PHY6 treatment decreased ruminal VFA concentration and proportional acetate. The PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) serum total protein, glucose, total antioxidant capacity, and the concentrations of Ca and Zn. Both PHY3 and PHY6 treatment decreased (P<0.05) the concentrations of serum triglycerides, and cholesterol. Daily inclusion of 3 g/cow of chelated feed additives mixture in diet of lactating cows improved milk production and ruminal fermentation, but additives dose of 6 g/cow/d had negative impact on cows’ performance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Daniel JB, Kvidera SK, Martín-Tereso J. Total-tract digestibility and milk productivity of dairy cows as affected by trace mineral sources. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9081-9089. [PMID: 32828500 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemical characteristics associated with different sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn such as sulfate, hydroxychloride, or organic chelate may affect the interaction between the metals and other components present within the gut of a ruminant (i.e., microorganisms and nutrients). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different supplemental trace mineral strategies on apparent total-tract digestibility, rumen fermentation, and dairy productivity. Using 52 Holstein cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with periods of 21 d, 4 treatments differing in their sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn were tested: sulfate form, hydroxychloride form, a mix of sulfate and organic chelate forms (70 and 30%, respectively), and a mix of hydroxychloride and organic chelate forms (70 and 30%, respectively). Treatments were formulated to provide 15, 40, and 20 mg of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively, per kilogram of dry matter. This level of supplementation, together with the basal level present in forages and feed ingredients, resulted in a total average supply of 19, 79, and 84 mg of Cu, Zn, and Mn, respectively, per kilogram of dry matter. Cows had ad libitum access to a total mixed ration, which provided 15.3% of crude protein, 21.7% of starch, and 35.3% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Data were summarized by period with trace minerals and period as fixed effects and the repeated cow as random effect using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Apparent total-tract NDF and crude protein digestibility was reduced (-0.8% and -1.0%, respectively) when organic chelate trace minerals were fed, whereas apparent total-tract NDF digestibility was improved (+0.8%) when sulfate trace minerals were replaced by hydroxychloride trace minerals. Cows supplemented with the hydroxychloride source had lower ruminal butyric acid concentration compared with cows fed sulfate trace minerals (13.3 vs. 14.6%). In addition, fat- and protein-corrected milk and milk fat yields were improved (+1.0 kg/d and +51 g/d, respectively) in multiparous cows when trace minerals were supplemented as hydroxychloride compared with sulfate. These effects were not observed in primiparous cows. These results confirm that trace mineral sources affect apparent total-tract digestibility and indicate that milk productivity may also be affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Daniel
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
| | - S K Kvidera
- Micronutrients USA LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46241
| | - J Martín-Tereso
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dehghan Shahreza F, Seifi HA, Mohri M. The effects of dry period body condition score on some trace minerals, oxidative, and inflammatory indicators in transition dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Body condition score (BCS) management throughout the dry period to calving is one of the strategies that can ensure optimal overall health and high milk yield after parturition.
Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BCS during the dry period on serum concentrations of some trace elements, oxidative, and inflammatory indices during the transition period of Holstein cows.
Methods
Fifty multiparous cows were classified based on their dry BCS (scale of 1 to 5) at the beginning of dry period as non-fat (NFC) (BCS <3.75; BCS minimum: 3; BCS maximum: 3.5, BCS means: 3.36; n = 25), and fat (FC) (BCS ≥ 3.75; BCS maximum: 4.25, means: 3.87; n = 25) groups, and received similar diet and kept under same management condition. Sampling was performed at 14 ± 2 days before expected calving date and 10, 20 and 30 days after calving.
Key results
FC had lower zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Furthermore, iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly higher in FC in comparison with NFC –14 days before parturition. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and haptoglobin (Hp) elevated significantly in FC 20 days after calving, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in NFC on day 14 before calving. Its activities increased significantly in FC on day30thof lactation. In addition, the highest serum ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) and copper (Cu) and the lowest serum paraoxonase 1(PON1) and iron (Fe) concentrations were observed on day 20th of lactation.
Conclusion
Serum Zn, Mn, and Cr amounts were significantly affected by BCS. Furthermore, fat cows had more extensively endogenous antioxidant and inflammatory responses.
Implication
Our data highlights the fact that although all cellular metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory processes varied at different times of transition period, fat cows are more susceptible to metabolic and health disorders than non-fat animals.
Collapse
|
7
|
Roshanzamir H, Rezaei J, Fazaeli H. Colostrum and milk performance, and blood immunity indices and minerals of Holstein cows receiving organic Mn, Zn and Cu sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6:61-68. [PMID: 32211530 PMCID: PMC7083722 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of supplementing the basal diets with Mn, Zn and Cu, as sulphate, glycine or methionine salts, on colostrum and milk performance, some blood immunity indices and blood minerals of pre- and post-partum Holstein cows were accessed. Forty cows in different groups received: 1) a diet without supplementary Mn, Zn and Cu (control), 2) a diet containing Mn, Zn and Cu sulphates, 3) a diet containing Mn, Zn and Cu glycine, or 4) a diet containing Mn, Zn and Cu methionine with 10 cows per group from d 60 before calving (dry period) to d 100 of lactation. Dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), colostrum and milk performance, milk somatic cell count (SCC), blood and milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), and blood Mn, Zn and Cu were determined. Dietary supplementation with Mn, Zn and Cu as methionine, glycine or sulphate salts had positive effects on DMD, DMI, colostrum and milk performance, milk SCC, and blood Mn and Zn. Addition of Mn, Zn and Cu in diets could increase (P < 0.05) blood and milk TAC and blood IgA and IgM in the cows and their new-born calves. There were no differences in DMI, DMD, colostrum and milk yields, milk SCC, blood Mn (except d 50 postpartum), Zn and Cu and TAC (except d 50 postpartum) among the organic and inorganic minerals-supplemented groups (P > 0.05), however, the blood concentrations of IgA (except d 1 postpartum) and IgM in the cows supplemented with organic Mn, Zn and Cu were higher (P < 0.05) than those in the cows receiving the sulphate sources of minerals. Overall, dietary supplementation of Mn, Zn and Cu as methionine, glycine or sulphate salts can improve colostrum and milk performance, blood Zn and Mn and immunity indices in Holstein cows and their new-born calves. Moreover, the organic sources of Mn, Zn and Cu have advantage over the sulphate forms in terms of the blood immunoglobulins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habiballah Roshanzamir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Fazaeli
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3146618361, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bach À. Effects of nutrition and genetics on fertility in dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:40-54. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal reproductive function in dairy cattle is mandatory to maximise profits. Dairy production has progressively improved milk yields, but, until recently, the trend in reproductive performance has been the opposite. Nutrition, genetics, and epigenetics are important aspects affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows. In terms of nutrition, the field has commonly fed high-energy diets to dairy cows during the 3 weeks before calving in an attempt to minimise postpartum metabolic upsets. However, in the recent years it has become clear that feeding high-energy diets during the dry period, especially as calving approaches, may be detrimental to cow health, or at least unnecessary because cows, at that time, have low energy requirements and sufficient intake capacity. After calving, dairy cows commonly experience a period of negative energy balance (NEB) characterised by low blood glucose and high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. This has both direct and indirect effects on oocyte quality and survival. When oocytes are forced to depend highly on the use of energy resources derived from body reserves, mainly NEFA, their development is compromised due to a modification in mitochondrial β-oxidation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of NEB on reproduction is mediated by a hormonal (both metabolic and reproductive) environment. Some authors have attempted to overcome the NEB by providing the oocyte with external sources of energy via dietary fat. Conversely, fertility is affected by a large number of genes, each with small individual effects, and thus it is unlikely that the decline in reproductive function has been directly caused by genetic selection for milk yield per se. It is more likely that the decline is the consequence of a combination of homeorhetic mechanisms (giving priority to milk over other functions) and increased metabolic pressure (due to a shortage of nutrients) with increasing milk yields. Nevertheless, genetics is an important component of reproductive efficiency, and the incorporation of genomic information is allowing the detection of genetic defects, degree of inbreeding and specific single nucleotide polymorphisms directly associated with reproduction, providing pivotal information for genetic selection programs. Furthermore, focusing on improving bull fertility in gene selection programs may represent an interesting opportunity. Conversely, the reproductive function of a given cow depends on the interaction between her genetic background and her environment, which ultimately modulates gene expression. Among the mechanisms modulating gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) and epigenetics seem to be most relevant. Several miRNAs have been described to play active roles in both ovarian and testicular function, and epigenetic effects have been described as a consequence of the nutrient supply and hormonal signals to which the offspring was exposed at specific stages during development. For example, there are differences in the epigenome of cows born to heifers and those born to cows, and this epigenome seems to be sensitive to the availability of methyl donor compounds of the dam. Lastly, recent studies in other species have shown the relevance of paternal epigenetic marks, but this aspect has been, until now, largely overlooked in dairy cattle.
Collapse
|