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Mekky RH, Abdel-Sattar E, Abdulla MH, Segura-Carretero A, Al-Khayal K, Eldehna WM, Del Mar Contreras M. Metabolic profiling and antioxidant activity of fenugreek seeds cultivars 'Giza 2' and 'Giza 30' compared to other geographically-related seeds. Food Chem X 2024; 24:101819. [PMID: 39328377 PMCID: PMC11426063 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses a comparative comprehensive metabolic profiling of two Egyptian cultivars of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds 'Giza 2' and 'Giza 30' via RP-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS and MS/MS. Briefly, 126 metabolites were detected in the samples under investigation, being classified into hydroxybenzoic acids (8), hydroxycinnamic acids (7), flavonoids (49 with a predominancy of flavones in particular apigenin derivatives), coumarins (1), furostanol saponins (17), alkaloids (2), amino acids (11), peptides (2), jasmonates (6), nucleosides (30), organic acids (16), terpenoids (1), and sugars (3). In addition, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined and compared with other geographically related seeds (chickpea Giza-1, sesame Giza-32, and linseed, Giza-10), showing slight differences among them but higher values than the other geographically related seeds that were segregated from them upon chemometric analysis. This is the first comprehensive metabolic profiling of these cultivars, presenting an initial account of some metabolites found in Fabaceae, such as apigenin di C pentoside, with a significant occurrence of biologically active furostanol saponins. It gives a prospect of fenugreeks richness of bioactive metabolites as an essential functional food that could add value to the food and nutraceutical industries' sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregiόn Building, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Khayal Al-Khayal
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria; Canal El Mahmoudia St., Alexandria 21648, Egypt
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Bottje WG, Asiamah E, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Salahuddin M, Lohakare J. Immune modulation and cecal microbiome changes in broilers fed with fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based probiotics. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104130. [PMID: 39121644 PMCID: PMC11364116 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive broiler production systems face challenges like enteric diseases, impacting global food security. Strategies to enhance broiler immunity and gut health, particularly amidst antibiotic growth promoter restrictions, are crucial. The present study investigated the combined effects of fenugreek seeds (FS) and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on immune-related gene expression in the ileum and alteration of microbial population in the cecum of broiler. The study involved 160 Ross 308 broiler chicks, which were divided into four groups consisting of 5 replicates, each containing eight birds. The chicks were grown for a period of 42 d, during which they had ad libitum access to feed and water. Dietary treatments were: Control (basal diet), FS5 (basal + 5g/kg fenugreek seeds), FS5DFM (basal + 5g/kg fenugreek seeds + 0.1g/kg Bacillus-based DFM), and DFM (basal + 0.1g/kg Bacillus-based DFM). Ileum tissue and cecal contents were collected on d 42 for gene expression and gut microbiome analysis. Ileal gene expression analysis revealed the downregulation of IL-6, IL-8L2, CASP6, PTGS2, and IRF7 in both FSs and DFMs groups compared to the control, suggesting individual immunomodulatory effects. However, avian β-defensin genes exhibited complex regulation, highlighting the need for further investigation. Cecal microbiome diversity remained stable, with subtle shifts in specific taxa influenced by FSs and DFMs. Interestingly, the combination of the FSs and DFMs uniquely impacted specific taxa, including Clostridiales vadin BB60. These findings suggest that both FSs and DFMs demonstrated potential for improving broiler immunity through inflammation reduction. The combination of FSs and DFMs offers a synergistic effect in immune modulation and specific microbial modulation, warranting further investigation with pathogen challenge models for comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Emmanuel Asiamah
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Ahmed A A Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt; Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA.
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Hou X, Dai P, Song X, Long X, Gao J, Chai T. Understanding the Effect of Compound Probiotics on the Health of Rabbits and Its Mechanisms Through Metagenomics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:815-828. [PMID: 37160588 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of probiotics on growth performance, immunity, intestinal flora, and antioxidant capacity of rabbits. Three hundred New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Groups A, B, C, and D were the lactobacillus group, compound probiotic group, control group, and antibiotic group, respectively. The results showed compared with the control group, the average weight of groups A, B, and D increased by 14.88%, 12.33%, and 11.97%, respectively. Moreover, the index of immune organs and the IgG and IgM in serum of group B were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in group B and catalase (CAT) in group A were significantly increased (P < 0.05). At week 5, the contents of rabbit cecum were taken for metagenome sequencing, and the results showed probiotics increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, and decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, we found probiotics could enrich metabolic pathways such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. According to the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD), we found antibiotic resistance ontology (ARO) in cecum mainly included β-lactamases, macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase II, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance protein. Among them, there were 1964, 2105, and 1982 types of ARO in group B, group D, and groups A and C, respectively. These results showed probiotics played a beneficial role in maintaining or enhancing the health and growth of rabbits and could replace antibiotics under certain feeding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Peiqiang Dai
- Sino-Science Biological Research Institute, Taian, China
| | - Xingdong Song
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianrong Long
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Taian Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271000, China.
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Vijayaram S, Razafindralambo H, Ghafarifarsani H, Sun YZ, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Synergetic response on herbal and probiotic applications: a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1315-1329. [PMID: 38411877 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Herbs and their by-products are important traditional medicines and food supplements; they provide numerous beneficial effects for animals. Consequently, probiotics are living cell organisms, nontoxic, and friendly microbes. Probiotics have numerous beneficial activities such as inhibition of pathogens, enhancement of the immune system, growth, disease resistance, improving water quality, reducing toxic effects, synthesis of vitamins, prevention of cancer, reduction of irritable bowel syndrome, and more positive responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic combinations have more active responses and produce new substances to enhance beneficial responses in animals. Herbal and probiotic mixture report is still limited applications for animals. However, the mechanisms by which they interact with the immune system and gut microbiota in animals are largely unclear. This review provides some information on the effect of herbal and probiotic blend on animals. This review discusses current research advancements to fulfill research gaps and promote effective and healthy animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerengaraj Vijayaram
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hary Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, Campus Universitaire de La Faculté de Gembloux AgroBio Tech/Université de Liège, B5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Konmy B, Bossikponsi MG, Dansou CC, Arigbo KB, Houmenou GT, Adoho CA, Azando EVB, Doko Allou SY, Olounladé PA. Evaluation of the effect of Carica papaya seed on the growth performance of fattening rabbits. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:134. [PMID: 38642256 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Successful breeding depends on feeding. The present study aims to evaluate the Carica papaya seed effect on the growth performance of rabbits. The zootechnical parameters studied are weight growth, average daily gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, and carcass characteristics of kits. The experiment was conducted on 48 rabbits, divided into 4 groups, for 6 weeks. Forty-eight rabbits were divided into four (04) groups of 3 repetitions of 4 rabbits. The animals were fed diets containing various levels of papaya seed powder at variable contents: 0% (group T0), 4% (group T1), 6% (group T2), and 8% (group T3). At the end of the experiment, three animals were slaughtered in each animal group to assess the quality of the carcasses and organs. 6% of the seeds of Carica papaya significantly improved (p < 0.05) the average daily gain of the kits: T2 (22.40 g / d) compared to the T0 group (11.32 g / d), T1 (12.20 g / d) and T3 (17.53 g / d). The best Feed Conversion Ratio (0.80) was recorded in the animals of group T2. In contrast, the highest carcass yield was recorded in the rabbits of group T3 (62.70%). In conclusion, 6% was optimal in the feed rations of fattened rabbits to improve production performance. Breeders can consider the benefits of introducing Carica papaya seeds into the rabbits' diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Konmy
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Mariano G Bossikponsi
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Christian C Dansou
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Kisito B Arigbo
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Geraldo T Houmenou
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
- Laboratory of Ecology, Health, and Animal Production, Department of Animal and Fisheries Production Sciences and Techniques, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Carine A Adoho
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Erick V B Azando
- Laboratory of Ecology, Health, and Animal Production, Department of Animal and Fisheries Production Sciences and Techniques, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Sanni-Yo Doko Allou
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Pascal A Olounladé
- Zootechnical Research and Livestock System Unit, Laboratory of Animal and Fisheries Science (LaSAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 BP: 55, Porto-Novo, Benin.
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Zeng X, Chen Y, Li W, Liu S. Application of fenugreek in ruminant feed: implications for methane emissions and productivity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16842. [PMID: 38313019 PMCID: PMC10838068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human demand for meat and dairy products will increase as a result of economic development and population growth, and the farming of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, will also increase. Methane (CH4) emission from the enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a significant contributor to global warming. Meanwhile, growth performance is often limited and animals are more vulnerable to diseases in high-density, intensive farming, greatly reducing livestock productivity, so developing ways to reduce CH4 emissions and improve ruminant productivity has become a research hotspot. Studies have reported that fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as feed additives have the potential to reduce ruminant methane and improve the productivity. However, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. Methodology In this review, databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were used for the literature search. The initial keywords search was fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. For more focused search, we added terms such as methane, rumen fermentation, growth, milk production and antioxidants. All were done for ruminants. The literature that conforms to the theme of this article is selected, summarized, and finally completed this article. Results By regulating the rumen microbiome (suppressing protozoans, methanogenic bacteria, and fungi), fenugreek can lower CH4 emissions according to many in vitro anaerobic fermentation experiments. Fenugreek secondary metabolites (saponins and tannins) are responsible for this impact, but it is still unclear exactly how they work. Therefore, more long-term in vivo experiments are needed to verify its efficacy. Fenugreek is also rich in alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids. These compounds have been shown to have beneficial effects on ruminant growth, lactation, and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, fenugreek has a great opportunity to develop into a new green feed additive. Conclusions This review provides a summary of the effect of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and production performance by ruminants. In addition, based on the available data, the possible biochemical pathway of fenugreek to reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants was described. Overall, the livestock feed industry has the opportunity to develop natural, environmentally-friendly feed additives based on fenugreek.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbiao Zeng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Bottje WG, Asiamah E, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Salahuddin M, Lohakare J. Modulation of Immune Response and Cecal Microbiota by Dietary Fenugreek Seeds in Broilers. Vet Sci 2024; 11:57. [PMID: 38393075 PMCID: PMC10891824 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek seeds (FSs) are a natural source of bioactive compounds that may modulate the immune system and gut microbiota in broilers. This study examined the effects of dietary fenugreek seed powder on immune-related gene expression and cecal microbiota composition in broilers. A total of 144 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three dietary groups, CON (0 g/kg FS, FS5 (5 g/kg FS) and FS10 (10 g/kg FS), each with 6 replicates of 8 birds. Ileum tissues and cecal contents were collected on day 42 for the mRNA expression of inflammation and antimicrobial defense-related genes and cecal microbiome diversity, respectively. The results indicated that fenugreek seeds downregulated mRNA-level inflammation and antimicrobial defense-related genes: IL6, IL8L2, CASP6, PTGS2, IRF7, AvBD9, AvBD10, and AvBD11. Moreover, fenugreek seeds altered the cecal microbial community by increasing the population of Firmicutes and decreasing the population of Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Verrucomicrobiota at the phylum level and increasing Alistipes, Bacteriodes and Prevotellaceae at the genera level. These findings suggest that fenugreek seeds have a positive impact on the immunological profile and microbiome of broiler chickens, possibly through the interplay of the immune system and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Asiamah
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Md Salahuddin
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA;
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Arreguin-Nava MA, Romano N, Bottje WG, Asiamah E, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Lohakare J. Effect of fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials on the growth performance, blood biochemicals, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1298587. [PMID: 38089709 PMCID: PMC10713732 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential synergistic impact of the combination of fenugreek seeds (FS) and Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) on growth performance, intestinal health, and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 160 one-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two levels of FS (0 and 5 g/kg) and two levels of Bacillus-DFM (0 and 0.1 g/kg), with five replicates of 8 birds each. RESULTS The result showed that dietary supplementation of FS at 5 g/kg did not improve the growth performance of broilers but impaired the early growth performance by reducing body weight gain and increasing feed conversion ratio, which was recovered during finisher phase. Dietary supplementation of Bacillus-based DFM at 0.1 g/kg did not affect the performance variables but increased the feed conversion ratio. The interaction of fenugreek seeds and Bacillus-based DFM showed synergistic effects on growth performance during the later stages of production. However, antagonistic effects were observed on the blood parameters and the gut morphology. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that FS and DFM had different effects on the broiler health and production depending on the phase of production. The interaction between FS and DFM revealed synergistic effects on growth performance during the finisher phase, but antagonistic effects on blood parameters and gut morphology. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the dosage and combination of FS and DFM for broiler health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Nicholas Romano
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Emmanuel Asiamah
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Poultry Center, Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, United States
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Paneru D, Tellez-Isaias G, Romano N, Lohakare G, Bottje WG, Lohakare J. Effect of Graded Levels of Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds on the Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050207. [PMID: 35622735 PMCID: PMC9146639 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seeds (FS) as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. In the first experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 160) straight-run broilers were fed FS at 0 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, and 10 g/kg of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 35 days) with four replicates of ten birds each. In the second experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 144) male broilers were fed 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g FS per kilogram of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 42 days) with six replicates of eight birds each. In addition to growth performance, hematological parameters and intestinal histomorphology were measured in the second experiment. FS linearly reduced the body weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.001), feed intake (FI) (p < 0.05), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05) during the starter phase in both experiments. However, no significant effects on BWG, FI, and FCR were observed during the finisher phase. Moreover, the overall BWG and FI were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of FS, but BWG and FI were similar in the 5 g/kg FS group and control group. The inclusion of FS had a linear increase in white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, and lymphocyte count (p < 0.005) and the decrease in hematocrit % (p = 0.004) and total bilirubin (p = 0.001). The villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio of jejunum and ileum were significantly lower in 5 g FS and 10 g FS treatments (p < 0.001) compared to the control. The result indicates that the dietary inclusion of FS reduces the early growth performance, increases the WBC counts, and negatively affects the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Paneru
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Nicholas Romano
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Gautami Lohakare
- Little Rock Central High School, 1500 S Park St, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
| | - Walter G. Bottje
- Center of Excellence in Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (G.T.-I.); (W.G.B.)
| | - Jayant Lohakare
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Probiotics in Rabbit Farming: Growth Performance, Health Status, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123388. [PMID: 34944165 PMCID: PMC8698186 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit's complex microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a critical role in feed digestion, in vitamin production, in fermentative activity with production of volatile fatty acids, and stimulation of immune response, as well as in the infection defence against pathogens and countering environmental stresses. To prevent digestive disorders of this fragile ecosystem, rabbit breeders adopt suitable diets supplemented with additives such as probiotics. Probiotics can interact with the host and with the other microflora leading to an increased health status. A review on the effects of probiotics on rabbit growth performance, health status, and meat quality was conducted to reduce the incidence of digestive diseases and enhance productive performance. Some authors observed that the supplementation of probiotics to the diet improved feed conversion ratio and growth and digestion coefficients, while other authors reported a lack of effect on the live performance. Benefits derived from the use of probiotics were observed on the mortality and the morbidity. The studies performed, to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation in diets on the immune response, showed variations in the results. Some authors reported no significant effect on haematological parameters, such as total protein, immunoglobulins, and IgG, while others observed a significant increase or decrease of the same parameters. Most of the research reported significant modifications of intestinal morphology and positive effects on the GIT microbiota, supporting the host's natural defences. Regarding the carcass and meat quality, the studies reported only partial and opposing results.
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Kadja L, Dib AL, Lakhdara N, Bouaziz A, Espigares E, Gagaoua M. Influence of Three Probiotics Strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 on the Biochemical and Haematological Profiles and Body Weight of Healthy Rabbits. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111194. [PMID: 34827188 PMCID: PMC8615081 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, probiotics are used as growth promoters on a large scale to improve the productivity of several animals’ species within the aim of reducing the presence of antibiotic residues in animal products consumed by humans. Several reports evidenced the positive effect of probiotic supplementation on the growth performances and health of rabbits, mainly through the balance of the intestinal microbiota of the host animal. Therefore, certain probiotics, including Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Saccharomyces, can improve the biochemical and haematological profiles, especially in production animals. In this context, this study was performed on rabbits for the economic importance they play as a source of meat proteins in developing countries and their use as experimental models in research and biomedicine. This study then aimed to evaluate the effect of three strains of probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, on the biochemical and haematological parameters and their influence on the rabbit’s weight of the ITELV2006 strain. The findings evidenced that the probiotic strain affected the biochemical and haematological parameters. Further, the strains showed a positive effect on the weight gain of the rabbits. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of three strains of probiotics, these being Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BB-12 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, on the body weight, animal performances and blood parameters of rabbits (male and female) of the ITELV2006 strain. The supplementation of the feed of the rabbits with the three probiotic strains allowed observing positive effects on most of the biochemical and haematological parameters investigated during a period of 60 days (30 days of supplementation and 30 days without treatment). Further, there was a significant improvement in the body weight of the rabbits at the end of the experiment. The effect of the three probiotics investigated in this trial was found to be related to the sex of the rabbits and to the intake period (duration). Ultimately, these findings raise the possibility of using probiotics to investigate in an in-depth and specific manner based on fixed factors such as the strain, the gender and age of the animals, the main underlying mechanisms and effects, which would allow achieving optimal and adapted health benefits and sustainable production. In the context of animal production, it is worth investigating in a targeted study the effect of the three strains on muscle growth and development and finding evidence of the possible consequences on meat quality traits of the rabbits supplemented with probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Kadja
- Gestion Santé et Productions Animales Research Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires El-Khroub, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (L.K.); (A.L.D.); (N.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Amira Leila Dib
- Gestion Santé et Productions Animales Research Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires El-Khroub, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (L.K.); (A.L.D.); (N.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Nedjoua Lakhdara
- Gestion Santé et Productions Animales Research Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires El-Khroub, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (L.K.); (A.L.D.); (N.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Assia Bouaziz
- Gestion Santé et Productions Animales Research Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires El-Khroub, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria; (L.K.); (A.L.D.); (N.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Elena Espigares
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mohammed Gagaoua
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: or
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