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Wang CY, Qin F, Wang CG, Kim D, Li JJ, Chen XL, Wang HS, Lee SK. Novel lignans from Zanthoxylum nitidum and antiproliferation activity of sesaminone in osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106445. [PMID: 36893545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Seven previously undescribed tetrahydrofuran lignans with different configurations and unusual isopentenyl substitutions, nitidumlignans D-J (corresponding to compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10), along with 14 known lignans, were isolated from Zanthoxylum nitidum. Notably, compound 4 is an uncommon naturally occurring furan-core lignan derived from tetrahydrofuran aromatization. The antiproliferation activity of the isolated compounds (1-21) was determined in various human cancer cell lines. The structure-activity study revealed that the steric positioning and chirality of the lignans exert important effects on their activity and selectivity. In particular, compound 3 (sesaminone) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity in cancer cells, including acquired osimertinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer (HCC827-osi) cells. Compound 3 also inhibited colony formation and induced the apoptotic death of HCC827-osi cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that 3 downregulated the activation of the c-Met/JAK1/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in the HCC827-osi cells. In addition, the combination of 3 and osimertinib exhibited synergistic effects on the antiproliferative activity against HCC827-osi cells. Overall, these findings inform the structure elucidation of novel lignans isolated from Z. nitidum, and sesaminone was identified as a potential compound for exerting antiproliferative effects on osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yi Wang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xian-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Dalvi SD, Chau K, Sajjan S, Chakraborty B, Karam P, Khutti S, Gimenez C, Das K. Adequacy of pleural fluid cytology for comprehensive molecular analysis of lung adenocarcinoma: Experience of a large health-care system. Cytojournal 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 35510120 PMCID: PMC9063584 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_18_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pleural fluid evaluation is an effective modality for identifying actionable genetic mutations to guide therapy in lung carcinoma. Clinicians requesting molecular studies often send large volumes of fluid to be processed that is not possible or cost effective and is hence not standard of practice in most cytopathology laboratories. We wanted to establish the characteristics of an adequate specimen that would yield reliable results with current molecular testing platforms. Material and Methods: A review of 500 malignant pleural effusions, from pulmonary and non-pulmonary sources, was undertaken over a 4-year period. Of these 44 cases (from 42 patients) that were positive for primary lung adenocarcinoma were included in the study. Molecular analysis was performed on 42 specimens. A complete next generation sequencing (NGS) panel was performed on 36 specimens. Individual testing for estimated glomerular filtration rate, KRAS, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and ROS1 was performed on six specimens. The number of malignant cells and proportion of tumor to non-tumor nucleated cells (T: NT) on cell blocks was recorded as <20%, 20–50% and >50%. Results: The minimum volume on which a complete NGS panel could be performed was 20 ml with cell count of 1000 and T: NT proportion of 20–50%. The minimum number of tumor cells required for successful molecular analysis for T: NT proportion of <20%, 20–50%, and >50% was 300, 250, and 170 cells, respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that tumor cell proportion, rather than specimen volume, is of prime importance for determining the efficacy of pleural fluid for molecular studies. Evaluation of both absolute and relative numbers of tumor cells is critical for assessing the adequacy and predicting successful yield for molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Dilip Dalvi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Karen Chau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Sujata Sajjan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Baidarbhi Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Priyanka Karam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Seema Khutti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Cecilia Gimenez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
| | - Kasturi Das
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, New York, United States,
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Qin F, Wang CY, Kim D, Wang HS, Zhu YK, Lee SK, Yao GY, Liang D. Nitidumpeptins A and B, Cyclohexapeptides Isolated from Zanthoxylum nitidum var. tomentosum: Structural Elucidation, Total Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity in Cancer Cells. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1462-1470. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Yi Wang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Kui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui-Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Korolkova OY, Widatalla SE, Williams SD, Whalen DS, Beasley HK, Ochieng J, Grewal T, Sakwe AM. Diverse Roles of Annexin A6 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and EGFR-Targeted Therapies. Cells 2020; 9:E1855. [PMID: 32784650 PMCID: PMC7465958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium (Ca2+)-dependent membrane-binding Annexin A6 (AnxA6), is a multifunctional, predominantly intracellular scaffolding protein, now known to play relevant roles in different cancer types through diverse, often cell-type-specific mechanisms. AnxA6 is differentially expressed in various stages/subtypes of several cancers, and its expression in certain tumor cells is also induced by a variety of pharmacological drugs. Together with the secretion of AnxA6 as a component of extracellular vesicles, this suggests that AnxA6 mediates distinct tumor progression patterns via extracellular and/or intracellular activities. Although it lacks enzymatic activity, some of the AnxA6-mediated functions involving membrane, nucleotide and cholesterol binding as well as the scaffolding of specific proteins or multifactorial protein complexes, suggest its potential utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for various cancers. In breast cancer, the low AnxA6 expression levels in the more aggressive basal-like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype correlate with its tumor suppressor activity and the poor overall survival of basal-like TNBC patients. In this review, we highlight the potential tumor suppressor function of AnxA6 in TNBC progression and metastasis, the relevance of AnxA6 in the diagnosis and prognosis of several cancers and discuss the concept of therapy-induced expression of AnxA6 as a novel mechanism for acquired resistance of TNBC to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Y. Korolkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Sarrah E. Widatalla
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Stephen D. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Diva S. Whalen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.Y.K.); (S.E.W.); (S.D.W.); (D.S.W.); (H.K.B.); (J.O.)
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5
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Novel Epigenetic Biomarkers in Pregnancy-Related Disorders and Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111459. [PMID: 31752198 PMCID: PMC6912400 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the majority of cancers and gestational diseases are prognostically stage- and grade-dependent, the ultimate goal of ongoing studies in precision medicine is to provide early and timely diagnosis of such disorders. These studies have enabled the development of various new diagnostic biomarkers, such as free circulating nucleic acids, and detection of their epigenetic changes. Recently, extracellular vesicles including exosomes, microvesicles, oncosomes, and apoptotic bodies have been recognized as powerful diagnostic tools. Extracellular vesicles carry specific proteins, lipids, DNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs of the cells that produced them, thus reflecting the function of these cells. It is believed that exosomes, in particular, may be the optimal biomarkers of pathological pregnancies and cancers, especially those that are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, such as ovarian cancer. In the present review, we survey and critically appraise novel epigenetic biomarkers related to free circulating nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, focusing especially on their status in trophoblasts (pregnancy) and neoplastic cells (cancers).
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Song Z, Wang W, Li M, Liu J, Zhang Y. Cytological-negative pleural effusion can be an alternative liquid biopsy media for detection of EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients. Lung Cancer 2019; 136:23-29. [PMID: 31421258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though the possibility of using malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) as alternatives for tumor tissues in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation test has been examined, the diagnosis of MPE is often clinically challenging, especially if the cytology is negative for malignancy. The aim of this study was to examine whether cytological-negative PE (CNPE) is useful in detecting EGFR mutation and evaluated its feasibility for predicting clinical outcomes. METHOD In this study, we performed capture-based targeted sequencing using a panel consisting of 520 lung cancer-related genes to detect EGFR mutation status in 121 MPEs and 40 CNPE samples from 161 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients. Patients underwent TKI treatment with gefitinib, icotinib or erlotinib if EGFR sensitizing mutations were detected at their tumor biopsies or pleural effusion sediment. RESULTS We revealed a mutation detection rate of 99.2% and 100% for MPE and CNPE, respectively (p = 1). The maximum allelic fraction (maxAF) of MPE and CNPE were 57.4% and 56.8%, respectively (p = 0.77). CNPE supernatant is comparable to MPE in reflecting the mutational profile of lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR activating mutations were detected in 47.5% (19/40) of CNPE supernatant sample and 32.5% (13/40) of matched tumor biopsies. CNPE sample is superior to tumor tissues in identifying EFGR mutation. Among the 72 EGFR-TKI treated patients, 51 were cytology positive and the remaining 21 were cytology negative. Our data showed that MPE patients exhibited comparable PFS (p = 0.41) and OS (p = 0.26) with CNPE patients treated with EGFR-TKI. Among the 21 CNPE patients received TKI treatment, patients harboring either L858R or exon 19 deletion had longer PFS than patients without a detectable mutation (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Collectively, we demonstrated that CNPE supernatant provided a comprehensive profile of NSCLC, and can serve as a reliable lipid biopsy media for EGFR mutational detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Song
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Min Li
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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7
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AXL degradation in combination with EGFR-TKI can delay and overcome acquired resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:361. [PMID: 31043587 PMCID: PMC6494839 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has been a major obstacle in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. AXL has been reported to mediate EGFR-TKIs. Recently, third generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib has been approved and yet its acquired resistance mechanism is not clearly understood. We found that AXL is involved in both gefitinib and osimertinib resistance using in vitro and in vivo model. In addition, AXL overexpression was correlated with extended protein degradation rate. We demonstrate targeting AXL degradation is an alternative route to restore EGFR-TKIs sensitivity. We confirmed that the combination effect of YD, an AXL degrader, and EGFR-TKIs can delay or overcome EGFR-TKIs-driven resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells, xenograft tumors, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Therefore, combination of EGFR-TKI and AXL degrader is a potentially effective treatment strategy for overcoming and delaying acquired resistance in NSCLC.
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8
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Goto T, Hirotsu Y, Amemiya K, Mochizuki H, Omata M. Understanding Intratumor Heterogeneity and Evolution in NSCLC and Potential New Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070212. [PMID: 29932159 PMCID: PMC6071014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in innovative technology, including next-generation sequencing, have allowed comprehensive genomic analysis and the elucidation of the genomic aspect of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). Moreover, models of the evolution of the cancer genome have been proposed by integrating these analyses. Cancer has been considered to accumulate genetic abnormalities for clonal evolution in time and space, and these evolutionary patterns vary depending on the organs of primary sites. Selection pressure is an important determinant of such evolutionary patterns. With weak selection pressure, more diverse clones coexist, and heterogeneity increases. Heterogeneity is maximized when there is no selection pressure; in other words, neutral evolution occurs. Some types of cancer such as lung cancer evolve in conditions that have maintained close to neutral evolution and produce diverse variants. This ITH is a key factor contributing to the lethal outcome of cancer, therapeutic failure, and drug resistance. This factor reaffirms the complexity and subtle adaptability of cancer. It is expected that further understanding of ITH and cancer genome evolution will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome ITH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Hirotsu
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Kenji Amemiya
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Mochizuki
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
| | - Masao Omata
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Kofu 400-8506, Japan.
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Volckmar AL, Sültmann H, Riediger A, Fioretos T, Schirmacher P, Endris V, Stenzinger A, Dietz S. A field guide for cancer diagnostics using cell-free DNA: From principles to practice and clinical applications. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:123-139. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Volckmar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Division of Cancer Genome Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anja Riediger
- Division of Cancer Genome Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; University and Regional Laboratories; Region Skåne Lund Sweden
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Dietz
- Division of Cancer Genome Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
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Zito Marino F, Rossi G, Brunelli M, Malzone MG, Liguori G, Bogina G, Morabito A, Rocco G, Franco R, Botti G. Diagnosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement in cytological samples through a fluorescence in situ hybridization-based assay: Cytological smears versus cell blocks. Cancer Cytopathol 2017; 125:303-312. [PMID: 28195686 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) status analysis of lung cytological specimens should be successfully encouraged in routine practice because biopsy specimens are not always available. To date, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved both fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as diagnostic tests for identifying ALK-positive patients eligible for treatment with crizotinib. Although ALK IHC is an optimal diagnostic tool, FISH becomes mandatory in equivocal cases. ALK FISH of paraffin-embedded tissue material is still the gold standard, whereas the cytological specimen assay has not yet been completely standardized. Many controversial data have been reported on the adequacy of cytology cell blocks (CBs) versus conventional smears for FISH testing. This review discusses some critical issues related to ALK FISH of cytological samples, including the triaging of collected specimens to optimize the material, the use of CBs versus conventional smears, and alternative methods for an ALK rearrangement diagnosis. Conventional smears have the advantages of an immediate evaluation, no probe tissue-related artifactual loss, no fixation-related alterations, and usually sufficient material for an analytic preparation. On the other hand, CBs have several advantages, including the appropriate conservation of the tissue architecture, an absence of problems related to cell overlapping, and the ability to evaluate neoplastic cells in a dark field. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:303-312. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy.,Pathology Unit, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Unit of Pathologic Anatomy, Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Anatomic Pathology Section Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Liguori
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bogina
- Section of Pathologic Anatomy, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Thoracic Surgical and Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgical and Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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11
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Chen TL, Chang JWC, Wang CL, Yang CT, Wang MC, Chiou CC. A primer and probe set for detecting multiple types of EGFR exon 19 deletions. Anal Biochem 2016; 513:61-67. [PMID: 27601284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
EGFR exon 19 deletion is an important indicator for tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer. However, detection of exon 19 deletions faces a challenge: there are more than 30 types of mutations reported at the hotspot. Moreover, considering the application in body fluid samples, assays with high sensitivity and specificity are necessary for the detection of rare mutant alleles. Here, we describe a single tube reaction which could detect at least 29 types of exon 19 deletions with only an unlabeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamp and a pair of DNA probes. The PNA clamp was used to inhibit amplification of wild-type templates; and the DNA probes were used to generate melting peaks for multiple types of mutations. Under optimal condition, the assay was able to detect as low as 0.01% mutant DNA in wild-type background, and had a limit of detection of 10 pg genomic DNA. Feasibility of the assay was tested in body fluid samples from lung cancer patients. The assay detected 100% and 60% of deletions in pleural effusions and plasma, respectively. We believe the present assay can be used in the clinical laboratories and has potential to be adapted for a microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Wen-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chia Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiuan-Chian Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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12
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Migali C, Bielinska AM, Bhosle J, O'Brien M. Development in the diagnostic lung cancer pathway: implication for treatment. Lung Cancer Manag 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.14.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The diagnostic pathway of lung cancer is a multidisciplinary process that has rapidly changed in the last few years. Most advances relate to lung adenocarcinoma, which needs to be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma and other histological subtypes, since most targetable mutations occur in adenocarcinomas. Tumor heterogeneity can influence sampling and diagnosis, particularly relevant when using small biopsies or cytology samples. Re-biopsy at progression should become part of the diagnostic process, since it can alter the clinical management, explain mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and lead to biomarker development. Innovation in plasma-circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, and functional imaging are expected to contribute significantly to the noninvasive lung cancer diagnostic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Migali
- Department of Medicine, Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Anna Maria Bielinska
- Department of Medicine, Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Jaishree Bhosle
- Department of Medicine, Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Mary O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
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Ma C, Wei S, Song Y. T790M and acquired resistance of EGFR TKI: a literature review of clinical reports. J Thorac Dis 2012; 3:10-8. [PMID: 22263058 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2010.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib are promising therapies for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with somatic activating mutations in the EGFR gene have dramatic response initially, but would eventually develop resistance to these TKIs. Subsequent studies found that a secondary mutation in the EGFR gene (T790M mutation) and amplification of the MET proto-oncogene could be the main resistance mechanisms involved. The current review is focused on T790M, which is thought to cause steric hindrance and impair the binding of gefitinib/erlotinib. The T790M is present as a minor allele before TKI therapy and accounts for about half of the acquired resistant cases. Conflicting results were reported for gefitinib-resistant, T790M-acquired patients who had switched to erlotinib treatment, which was proposed to be efficacious. The switch therapy was presumed to work for EGFR wild type patients and previously gefitinib responding patients. MET amplification accounts for about 20% of TKI acquired-resistant patients by a different molecular pathway from T790M; some of these patients will also concurrently have T790M mutation and might still not respond to irreversible TKI. As for the detection of T790M, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), especially mutant-enriched PCR was found to be more sensitive than direct DNA sequencing. In addition, whole genome amplification might also be useful and can be incorporated with future noninvasive method for detecting T790M. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to TKI resistance is crucial in the development of effective treatment and the design of future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Hamzeh-Mivehroud M, Mahmoudpour A, Dastmalchi S. Identification of new peptide ligands for epidermal growth factor receptor using phage display and computationally modeling their mode of binding. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:246-59. [PMID: 22136656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptide phage display, a powerful method for ligand identification, was used to identify new peptide ligands for epidermal growth factor receptor. A-431 cells expressing epidermal growth factor receptor were used as the matrix in a cell-based subtractive biopanning approach using a 7-mer peptide displaying phage library. Two novel peptide ligands were identified and tested for their affinities and functional effects on epidermal growth factor receptor. The identified peptides were able to inhibit the epidermal growth factor-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of affinity binding experiments showed that the natural ligand, that is epidermal growth factor, was able to inhibit competitively the binding of peptide-bearing phage to epidermal growth factor receptor expressing A-431 cells. Molecular modeling studies were used to calculate the free energies for the binding of peptides to the receptor-binding site as well as proposing the interaction modes for this binding. The calculated values for the binding energies were found to be similar to our experimental data and those of previously reported studies.
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Author's reply: Use of discard pleural fluid in molecular research. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; 9. [PMID: 24222788 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.114-c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Taniguchi K, Uchida J, Nishino K, Kumagai T, Okuyama T, Okami J, Higashiyama M, Kodama K, Imamura F, Kato K. Quantitative detection of EGFR mutations in circulating tumor DNA derived from lung adenocarcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7808-15. [PMID: 21976538 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examination of somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is now a diagnostic routine for treatment of cancer using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Circulating tumor DNA is a promising target for noninvasive diagnostics. We evaluated its utility by quantitatively detecting activating and resistant mutations, which were measured with BEAMing (beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-three patients with lung cancer with progressive disease after EGFR-TKI treatment and 21 patients who had never been treated with EGFR-TKIs were studied. Their primary tumors were confirmed to have activating mutations. In the plasma DNA of each patient, the activating mutation found in the corresponding primary tumor and the T790M resistance mutation were quantified by BEAMing. RESULTS In 32 of 44 patients, activating mutations were detected in the plasma DNA [72.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 58.0%-83.6%]. The T790M mutation was detected in 10 of 23 patients in the first group (43.5%; 95% CI, 25.6%-53.4%). The ratio of T790M to activating mutations ranged from 13.3% to 94.0%. The peak of the distribution of the mutation allele fraction in the plasma DNA was in the 0.1% to 1% range. CONCLUSIONS The major advantage of BEAMing is its ability to calculate the fraction of T790M-positive alleles from the alleles with activating mutations. This feature enables the detection of increases and decreases in the number of T790M mutations in cancer cells, regardless of normal cell DNA contamination, which may be useful for monitoring disease progression. Circulating tumor DNA could potentially be used as an alternative method for EGFR mutation detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Taniguchi
- Research Institute, Departments of Thoracic Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Zhao J, Zhao J, Huang J, Chen Y, Jiang J, Wu W, Wang P, Liu L, Li L, Wu L, Wang M, Chen W. A novel method for detection of mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor. Lung Cancer 2011; 74:226-32. [PMID: 21439672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the rapid and sensitive screening of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) hot-spot mutations, we developed a novel method combining mutant-enriched PCR with amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) TaqMan real-time PCR in a one-step reaction tube. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed two pairs of primers to enrich and genotyping each mutation (E746_A750del and L858R): nest primers and ARMS primers. Before the PCR assays were carried out, the restriction enzymes were used to cut wild alleles. The results showed that this method could detect mutant alleles mixed samples containing 0.1% with a cutoff ΔCt value of 12. We used this method in a survey of 73 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples, detecting 14 mutant samples of E746_A750del and 12 mutant samples of L858R. The results well agreed with the results of DxS. All unmatched samples were identified by sequencing and the results showed that our method has high specificity. CONCLUSION The mutant-enriched ARMS TaqMan PCR could be useful in the detection of mutation in clinical samples containing only a small number of mutant alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Arcila ME, Oxnard GR, Nafa K, Riely GJ, Solomon SB, Zakowski MF, Kris MG, Pao W, Miller VA, Ladanyi M. Rebiopsy of lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors and enhanced detection of the T790M mutation using a locked nucleic acid-based assay. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1169-80. [PMID: 21248300 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation T790M is reported in approximately 50% of lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors and is a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker. Its assessment can be challenging due to limited tissue availability and underdetection at low mutant allele levels. Here, we sought to determine the feasibility of tumor rebiopsy and to more accurately assess the prevalence of the T790M using a highly sensitive locked nucleic acid (LNA) PCR/sequencing assay. MET amplification was also analyzed. METHODS Patients with acquired resistance were rebiopsied and samples were studied for sensitizing EGFR mutations. Positive cases were evaluated for T790M using standard PCR-based methods and a subset were re-evaluated with an LNA-PCR/sequencing method with an analytical sensitivity of approximately 0.1%. MET amplification was assessed by FISH. RESULTS Of 121 patients undergoing tissue sampling, 104 (86%) were successfully analyzed for sensitizing EGFR mutations. Most failures were related to low tumor content. All patients (61/61) with matched pretreatment and resistance specimens showed concordance for the original sensitizing EGFR mutation. Standard T790M mutation analysis on 99 patients detected 51(51%) mutants. Retesting of 30 negative patients by the LNA-based method detected 11 additional mutants for an estimated prevalence of 68%. MET was amplified in 11% of cases (4/37). CONCLUSIONS The re-biopsy of lung cancer patients with acquired resistance is feasible and provides sufficient material for mutation analysis in most patients. Using high sensitivity methods, the T790M is detected in up to 68% of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Arcila
- Molecular Diagnostics Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Zou H, Taylor WR, Harrington JJ, Hussain FTN, Cao X, Loprinzi CL, Levine TR, Rex DK, Ahnen D, Knigge KL, Lance P, Jiang X, Smith DI, Ahlquist DA. High detection rates of colorectal neoplasia by stool DNA testing with a novel digital melt curve assay. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:459-70. [PMID: 19026650 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current stool DNA tests identify about half of individuals with colorectal cancers and miss most individuals with advanced adenomas. We developed a digital melt curve (DMC) assay to quantify low-abundance mutations in stool samples for detection of colorectal neoplasms and compared this test with other approaches. METHODS We combined a melt curve assay with digital polymerase chain reaction and validated the quantitative range. We then evaluated its ability to detect neoplasms in 2 clinical studies. In study I, stool samples from patients with colorectal tumors with known mutations (KRAS, APC, BRAF, TP53) were assayed. In study II, archived stool samples from patients with advanced adenomas containing known KRAS mutations were assayed, along with controls. Results were compared with those from the stool DNA test PreGenPlus (Exact Sciences, Marlborough, MA), Hemoccult, and HemoccultSensa (both Beckman-Coulter, Fullerton, CA). RESULTS The DMC assay detected samples in which only 0.1% of target genes were mutated. In study I, the DMC assay detected known mutations in 28 (90%) of 31 tumor samples and 6 (75%) of 8 advanced adenoma samples. In study II, the DMC assay detected 16 (59%) of 27 advanced adenoma samples that contained KRAS mutations, compared with 7% with the Hemoccult, 15% with the HemoccultSensa, and 26% with the PreGenPlus assays (P < .05 for each, compared with the DMC assay); specificities did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS The DMC assay has a high level of sensitivity in detecting individuals with colon neoplasms and is better than current stool screening methods in detecting those with advanced adenomas. Further studies are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zou
- Miles and Shirley Fiterman Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Montagut C, Sharma SV, Shioda T, McDermott U, Ulman M, Ulkus LE, Dias-Santagata D, Stubbs H, Lee DY, Singh A, Drew L, Haber DA, Settleman J. Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Cancer Res 2008; 68:4853-61. [PMID: 18559533 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activating BRAF kinase mutations arise in approximately 7% of all human tumors, and preclinical studies have validated the RAF-mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase-ERK signaling cascade as a potentially important therapeutic target in this setting. Selective RAF kinase inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical development, and based on the experience with other kinase-targeted therapeutics, it is expected that clinical responses to these agents, if observed, will lead to the eventual emergence of drug resistance in most cases. Thus, it is important to establish molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance to develop effective therapeutic strategies to overcome or prevent drug resistance. To anticipate potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to RAF inhibitors during the course of treatment, we established drug-resistant clones from a human melanoma-derived cell line harboring the recurrent V600E activating BRAF mutation, which exhibits exquisite sensitivity to AZ628, a selective RAF kinase inhibitor. We determined that elevated CRAF protein levels account for the acquisition of resistance to AZ628 in these cells, associated with a switch from BRAF to CRAF dependency in tumor cells. We also found that elevated CRAF protein levels may similarly contribute to primary insensitivity to RAF inhibition in a subset of BRAF mutant tumor cells. Interestingly, AZ628-resistant cells demonstrating either primary drug insensitivity or acquired drug resistance exhibit exquisite sensitivity to the HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. Geldanamycin effectively promotes the degradation of CRAF, thereby revealing a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to RAF inhibition in a subset of BRAF mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Montagut
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
EGFR kinase inhibitors constitute an important class of lung cancer treatments. While they produce dramatic responses in a subset of patients-primarily those with activating EGFR mutations-remissions are typically limited to several months due to acquired drug resistance, frequently associated with the secondary T790M mutation in EGFR. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Li et al. report that an irreversible EGFR kinase inhibitor, HKI-272, had limited activity in a mouse lung cancer model driven by an EGFR mutant harboring T790M and an activating mutation. However, combining HKI-272 with rapamycin promoted rapid tumor regression, suggesting a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Settleman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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