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Peled N, Fuchs V, Kestenbaum EH, Oscar E, Bitran R. An Update on the Use of Exhaled Breath Analysis for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 12:81-92. [PMID: 34429674 PMCID: PMC8378913 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s320493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has historically been the main responsible for cancer associated deaths. Owing to this is our current inability to screen for and diagnose early pathological findings, preventing us from a timely intervention when cure is still achievable. Over the last decade, together with the extraordinary progress in therapeutical alternatives in the field, there has been an ongoing search for a biomarker that would allow for this. Numerous technologies have been developed but their clinical application is yet to come. In this review, we provide an update on volatile organic compounds, a non-invasive method that can hold the key for detecting early metabolic pathway changes in carcinogenesis. For its compilation, web-based search engines of scientific literature such as PubMed were explored and reviewed, using articles, research, and papers deemed meaningful by authors discretion. After a brief description, we depict how this technique can complement current methods and present the value of electronic noses in the identification of the “breathprint”. Lastly, we bring some of the latest updates in the field together with the current limitations and final remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Peled
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Fuchs
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Emily H Kestenbaum
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elron Oscar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Raul Bitran
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Nishii K, Ohashi K, Tamura T, Ninomiya K, Matsubara T, Senoo S, Kano H, Watanabe H, Oda N, Makimoto G, Higo H, Kato Y, Ninomiya T, Kubo T, Yamamoto H, Tomida S, Hotta K, Tabata M, Toyooka S, Maeda Y, Kiura K. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in exhaled breath condensate using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:393. [PMID: 33193853 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of certain oncogenic driver mutations, including those of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is essential for determining treatment strategies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study assessed the feasibility of testing exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for EGFR mutations by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Samples were collected from 12 patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations that were admitted to Okayama University Hospital between June 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017. A total of 21 EBC samples were collected using the RTube™ method and EGFR mutations (L858R, exon 19 deletions or T790M) were assessed through ddPCR analysis (EBC-ddPCR). A total of 3 healthy volunteer samples were also tested to determine a threshold value for each mutation. Various patient characteristics were determined, including sex (3 males and 9 females), age (range 54-81 years; median, 66 years), smoking history (10 had never smoked; 2 were former smokers), histology (12 patients exhibited adenocarcinoma), clinical stage (9 patients were stage IV; 3 exhibited post-operative recurrence) and EGFR mutation type (4 had L858R; 8 had exon 19 deletions; 8 had T790M). EBC-ddPCR demonstrated positive droplets in 8 of the 12 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of each mutation was as follows: 27.3 and 80.0% for EGFR L858R, 30.0 and 90.9% for EGFR Ex19del, and 22.2 and 100% for EGFR T790M. EBC-ddPCR analysis of EGFR mutations exhibited modest sensitivity and acceptable specificity. EBC-ddPCR is a minimally invasive and replicable procedure and may be a complementary method for EGFR testing in patients where blood or tissue sampling proves difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Nishii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kadoaki Ohashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tamura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takehiro Matsubara
- Okayama University Hospital Biobank, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoru Senoo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromi Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Go Makimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hisao Higo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Ninomiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubo
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Okayama University Hospital Biobank, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hotta
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tabata
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Kezeminasab S, Emamalizadeh B, Khoubnasabjafari M, Jouyban A. Exhaled Breath Condensate: A Non-Invasive Source for Tracking of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Lung Diseases. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases have been recognized as an extensive cause of morbidity and mortality in the worldwide. The high degree of clinical heterogeneity and nonspecific initial symptoms of lung diseases contribute to a delayed diagnosis. So, the molecular and genomic profiling play a pivotal role in promoting the pulmonary diseases. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a novel and potential method for sampling the respiratory epithelial lining fluid is to assess the inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, drugs and genetic alterations in the pathophysiologic processes of lung diseases. The recent studies on the analysis of EBC from both a genetic and epigenetic point of view were searched from database and reviewed. This review provides an overview of the current findings in the tracking of genomic and epigenetic alterations which are potentially effective in better management of cancer detection. In addition, respiratory microbiota DNA using EBC samples in association with pulmonary disease especially lung cancer were investigated. Various studies have concluded that EBC has a great potential for analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA alterations as well as epigenetic modifications and identification of respiratory microbiome. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) based genomic profiling of EBC samples is recommended as a promising approach to establish personalized based prevention, diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment follow-ups for patients with lung diseases especially lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kezeminasab
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azerbaijan (KIPA) Science-Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Tetik Vardarli A, Pelit L, Aldag C, Korba K, Celebi C, Dizdas TN, Uzun UC, Tayfur E, Aykut A, Karakus HS, Baysal E, Goksel O, Pelit F, Yalcin F, Ertas FN, Basbinar Y, Veral A, Gunduz C, Goksel T. Concordance in molecular genetic analysis of tumour tissue, plasma, and exhaled breath condensate samples from lung cancer patients. J Breath Res 2020; 14:036001. [PMID: 32031993 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Lung adenocarcinoma is characterized by poor prognosis and short survival rates. Therefore, tools to identify the tumoural molecular structure and guide effective diagnosis and therapy decisions are essential. Surgical biopsies are highly invasive and not conducive for patient follow-up. To better understand disease prognosis, novel non-invasive analytic methods are needed. The aim of the present study is to identify the genetic mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, plasma, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples by next-generation sequencing and evaluate their utility in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. METHOD FFPE, plasma, and EBC samples were collected from 12 lung adenocarcinoma patients before treatment. DNA was extracted from the specimens using an Invitrogen PureLink Genomic DNA Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Amplicon-based sequencing was performed using Ion AmpliSeq Colon and Lung Cancer Research Panel v2. RESULTS Genetic alterations were detected in all FFPE, plasma, and EBC specimens. The mutations in PIK3CA, MET, PTEN, SMAD4, and FGFR2 genes were highly correlated in six patients. Somatic and novel mutations detected in tissue and EBC samples were highly correlated in one additional patient. The EGFR p.L858R and KRAS p.G12C driver mutations were found in both the FFPE tissue specimens and the corresponding EBC samples of the lung adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSION The driver mutations were detected in EBC samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients. The analysis of EBC samples represents a promising non-invasive method to detect mutations in lung cancer and guide diagnosis and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Tetik Vardarli
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Izmir-Turkey
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Campanella A, De Summa S, Tommasi S. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:044002. [PMID: 31282387 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab2f9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection at both early and metastatic stage is a pressing medical need. Although many improvements have been made in the treatment and in the early screening of this cancer, most diagnosis are made at a late stage, when a lot of genetic and epigenetic changes have occurred. A promising source of biomarkers reflective of the pathogenesis of lung cancer is exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a biological fluid and a natural matrix of the respiratory tract. Molecules such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, metabolites and volatile compounds are present in EBC, and their presence/absence or their variation in concentrations can be used as biomarkers. The aims of this review are to briefly describe exhaled breath composition, firstly, and then to document some of the EBC candidate biomarkers for lung cancer by dividing them according to their origin (genome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome and microbiota) in order to demonstrate the potential use of EBC as a helpful tool in cancer diagnostics, molecular profiling, therapy monitoring and screening of high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Campanella
- Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Koc A, Goksel T, Pelit L, Korba K, Dizdas TN, Baysal E, Uzun UC, Kaya OO, Ozyilmaz B, Kutbay YB, Ozdemir TR, Kirbiyik O, Erdogan KM, Guvenc MS, Kocal GC, Basbinar Y. cfDNA in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and contamination by ambient air: toward volatile biopsies. J Breath Res 2019; 13:036006. [PMID: 30970343 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab17ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath is a source of volatile and nonvolatile biomarkers in the body that can be accessed non-invasively and used for monitoring. The collection of lung secretions by conventional methods such as bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum collection, and core biopsies is limited by the invasive nature of these methods. Non-invasive collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides fluid samples that are representative of airway lining fluids. Various volatile and nonvolatile biomarkers can be detected in volatile condensates, such as H2O2, nitric oxide, lipid mediators, cytokines, chemokines, DNA, and microRNAs. Studies have examined cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma samples from non-small-cell lung cancer patients, offering to new insights and fostering development of the liquid biopsy. However, few studies have examined cfDNA in EBC samples. This study examined whether EBC is an appropriate source of cfDNA using housekeeping-gene-specific primer probes and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in healthy subjects. Ambient (room) air is contaminated with DNA, so caution is needed. Preliminary studies indicated that volatile biopsies are becoming an important diagnostic tool in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Koc
- Department of Translational Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. Genetic Diagnosis Center, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Izmir, Turkey
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Yuan S, Zou Y, Xie J. [Progress in Non-invasive Detection of EGFR Mutation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2019; 21:912-917. [PMID: 30591099 PMCID: PMC6318567 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.12.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
在过去的十年里,癌症患者的管理模式已经逐渐转向为基于分子突变检测的个体化模式。表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)基因突变是非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的重要驱动因素,针对EGFR的靶向治疗和传统化疗相比,显示出显著的安全性和有效性。然而,并不是所有的EGFR突变患者都可接受EGFR靶向治疗,不同的突变类型往往预示着不同的临床结局,如敏感性突变EGFR 19-Del、L858R和耐药性突变20ins。此外,如今已经开发出第三代TKI药物Osimertinib(AZD9291)和Rociletinib(CO-1686)可使因EGFR T790M突变,导致初代TKI耐药的患者进一步获益。因此,治疗前了解患者EGFR突变状态,治疗过程中持续监测耐药基因EGFR T790M突变情况,对NSCLC患者靶向药物的管理有着重要的意义。最近几年来,“液体活检”技术得到快速的发展,让我们看到采用非侵入性方法以实时监测耐药性突变成为现实的可能。在本综述中,我们回顾了NSCLC中检测EGFR突变的多种非侵入性检测技术在不同液体样本的临床应用。
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yeqing Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine,
the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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8
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Zhuang J, Yu Y, Li Z, Lu S. Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in targeted therapy of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients with EGFR mutation: a pooled analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53675-53683. [PMID: 28881841 PMCID: PMC5581140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This pooled analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung squamous cell carcinoma with EGFR mutation. METHODS Advanced stage (IIIB/IV) lung squamous cell carcinoma patients with EGFR mutations treated with EGFR-TKIs were extracted from the publications searched from the databases of EMBASE, Medline (Ovid SP), Web of Science, Cochrane library, PubMed Publisher, ASCO meeting abstract and Google Scholar before August 2016, or identified from the database of Shanghai Chest Hospital from July 2014 to August 2016. Pooled objective response rate, disease control rate and median progression-free survival were accessed directly or by Kaplan-Meier method and combined in different studies by Comprehensive Meta Analysis software via one-group dichotomous or continuous analysis functions. RESULTS The combined objective response rate, disease control rate and median progression-free survival were 31.6% (95%CI, 24.1%∼40.2%), 72.0% (95% CI, 63.5%∼79.2%) and 3.08 months (95% CI, 2.31-3.84 months) in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients with EGFR mutation. CONCLUSION The EGFR-TKIs had a modest response for EGFR mutated lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and might be a selective option for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Youssef O, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G, Piirilä P, Knuuttila A, Knuutila S. Exhaled breath condensate as a source of biomarkers for lung carcinomas. A focus on genetic and epigenetic markers-A mini-review. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:905-914. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Virinder Kaur Sarhadi
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS-Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aija Knuuttila
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Zhang H, Cao J, Li L, Liu Y, Zhao H, Li N, Li B, Zhang A, Huang H, Chen S, Dong M, Yu L, Zhang J, Chen L. Identification of urine protein biomarkers with the potential for early detection of lung cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11805. [PMID: 26133466 PMCID: PMC4488871 DOI: 10.1038/srep11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and has an overall 5-year survival rate lower than 15%. Large-scale clinical trials have demonstrated a significant relative reduction in mortality in high-risk individuals with low-dose computed tomography screening. However, biomarkers capable of identifying the most at-risk population and detecting lung cancer before it becomes clinically apparent are urgently needed in the clinic. Here, we report the identification of urine biomarkers capable of detecting lung cancer. Using the well-characterized inducible Kras (G12D) mouse model of lung cancer, we identified alterations in the urine proteome in tumor-bearing mice compared with sibling controls. Marked differences at the proteomic level were also detected between the urine of patients and that of healthy population controls. Importantly, we identified 7 proteins commonly found to be significantly up-regulated in both tumor-bearing mice and patients. In an independent cohort, we showed that 2 of the 7 proteins were up-regulated in urine samples from lung cancer patients but not in those from controls. The kinetics of these proteins correlated with the disease state in the mouse model. These tumor biomarkers could potentially aid in the early detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 510060, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nan Li
- Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 510060, China
| | - Bo Li
- Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 510060, China
| | - Aiqun Zhang
- General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huanwei Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mengqiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Liang Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
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11
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Exhaled breath analysis for lung cancer detection using ion mobility spectrometry. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114555. [PMID: 25490772 PMCID: PMC4260864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional methods for lung cancer detection including computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy are expensive and invasive. Thus, there is still a need for an optimal lung cancer detection technique. METHODS The exhaled breath of 50 patients with lung cancer histologically proven by bronchoscopic biopsy samples (32 adenocarcinomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 8 small cell carcinomas), were analyzed using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and compared with 39 healthy volunteers. As a secondary assessment, we compared adenocarcinoma patients with and without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. RESULTS A decision tree algorithm could separate patients with lung cancer including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. One hundred-fifteen separated volatile organic compound (VOC) peaks were analyzed. Peak-2 noted as n-Dodecane using the IMS database was able to separate values with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 89.7%. Incorporating a decision tree algorithm starting with n-Dodecane, a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 100% was achieved. Comparing VOC peaks between adenocarcinoma and healthy subjects, n-Dodecane was able to separate values with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 89.7%. Fourteen patients positive for EGFR mutation displayed a significantly higher n-Dodecane than for the 14 patients negative for EGFR (p<0.01), with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 78.6%. CONCLUSION In this prospective study, VOC peak patterns using a decision tree algorithm were useful in the detection of lung cancer. Moreover, n-Dodecane analysis from adenocarcinoma patients might be useful to discriminate the EGFR mutation.
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12
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Fleischhacker M, Dietrich D, Liebenberg V, Field JK, Schmidt B. The role of DNA methylation as biomarkers in the clinical management of lung cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 7:363-83. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.814397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Shimada K, Serada S, Fujimoto M, Nomura S, Nakatsuka R, Harada E, Iwahori K, Tachibana I, Takahashi T, Kumanogoh A, Kishimoto T, Naka T. Molecular mechanism underlying the antiproliferative effect of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1483-91. [PMID: 23962256 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the major cause of death by cancer and the number of LC patients is increasing worldwide. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of gene delivery using suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1), an endogenous inhibitor of intracellular signaling pathways, for the treatment of LC. To examine the antitumor effect of SOCS-1 overexpression on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, NSCLC cells (A549, LU65, and PC9) were infected with adenovirus-expressing SOCS-1 vector. The cell proliferation assay showed that A549 and LU65, but not PC9, were sensitive to SOCS-1 gene-mediated suppression of cell growth. Although JAK inhibitor I could also inhibit proliferation of A549 and LU65 cells, SOCS-1 gene delivery appeared to be more potent as SOCS-1 could suppress focal adhesion kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Enhanced phosphorylation of the p53 protein was detected by means of phospho-kinase array in SOCS-1 overexpressed A549 cells compared with control cells, whereas no phosphorylation of p53 was observed when JAK inhibitor I was used. Furthermore, treatment with adenoviral vector AdSOCS-1 in vivo significantly suppressed NSCLC proliferation in a xenograft model. These results suggest that the overexpression of SOCS-1 gene is effective for antitumor therapy by suppressing the JAK/STAT, focal adhesion kinase, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways and enhancing p53-mediated antitumor activity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Shimada
- Laboratory for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate and Serum of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Chronic Dis 2013; 2013:578613. [PMID: 26464846 PMCID: PMC4590922 DOI: 10.1155/2013/578613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading causes of deaths worldwide which are associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Lung cancer, in particular, has a very high mortality rate due to the characteristically late diagnosis. As such, identification of novel biomarkers which allow for early diagnosis of these diseases could improve outcome and survival rate. Markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) are examples of potential diagnostic markers for both COPD and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They may even be useful in monitoring treatment response. In the serum, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 of the S100 proteins are proinflammatory markers. They have been indicated in several inflammatory diseases and cancers including secondary metastasis into the lung. It is highly likely that they not only have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC but also prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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15
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Aisner DL, Marshall CB. Molecular pathology of non-small cell lung cancer: a practical guide. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 138:332-46. [PMID: 22912349 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpfr12wjkceezz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional distinction between small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is no longer sufficient for treatment planning. It is advised to handle small diagnostic specimens prudently because they are often the only specimen available for molecular analysis. Pathologists are experiencing pressure to subclassify lung carcinoma based on extremely small tumor samples, because NSCLC tumor subtyping is now essential to determine molecular testing strategies. Evaluation for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements are now considered to be the standard of care in advanced-stage pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical stains can aid in subclassifying NSCLC, but performing these ancillary studies can significantly reduce the quantity of tissue available for molecular tests, requiring careful balancing of these 2 needs. The pathologist plays a pivotal role in facilitating clear and timely communication between the clinical oncology care team and the molecular laboratory to ensure that the appropriate tests are ordered and optimal material is submitted for testing.
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