1
|
Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Caramori G, Cari L, Chung KF, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Jesenak M, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, O'Mahony L, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Sokolowska M, Van Esch BCAM, Stellato C. Metabolic pathways in immune senescence and inflammaging: Novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An EAACI position paper from the Task Force for Immunopharmacology. Allergy 2024; 79:1089-1122. [PMID: 38108546 DOI: 10.1111/all.15977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases. Altered cell metabolism is also a hallmark of cell senescence, a condition characterized by loss of proliferative activity in cells that remain metabolically active. Accelerated senescence can be triggered by acute or chronic stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, replicative senescence occurs as part of the physiological aging process and has protective roles in cancer surveillance and wound healing. Importantly, cell senescence can also change or hamper response to diverse therapeutic treatments. Understanding the metabolic pathways of senescence in immune and structural cells is therefore critical to detect, prevent, or revert detrimental aspects of senescence-related immunopathology, by developing specific diagnostics and targeted therapies. In this paper, we review the main changes and metabolic alterations occurring in senescent immune cells (macrophages, B cells, T cells). Subsequently, we present the metabolic footprints described in translational studies in patients with chronic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and review the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials of therapeutic approaches aiming at targeting metabolic pathways to antagonize pathological senescence. Because this is a recently emerging field in allergy and clinical immunology, a better understanding of the metabolic profile of the complex landscape of cell senescence is needed. The progress achieved so far is already providing opportunities for new therapies, as well as for strategies aimed at disease prevention and supporting healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Caramori
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Pneumologia, Italy
| | - L Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Z Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - E F Knol
- Departments of Center of Translational Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Teaching Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - F Levi-Schaffer
- Institute for Drug Research, Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - O Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - B C A M Van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefanache A, Lungu II, Butnariu IA, Calin G, Gutu C, Marcu C, Grierosu C, Bogdan Goroftei ER, Duceac LD, Dabija MG, Popa F, Damir D. Understanding How Minerals Contribute to Optimal Immune Function. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3355733. [PMID: 37946846 PMCID: PMC10632063 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3355733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient mineral supply is vital not only for the innate immune system but also for the components of the adaptive immune defense, which encompass defense mechanisms against pathogens and the delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation in the long term. Generally, a well-balanced diet is capable of providing the necessary minerals to support the immune system. Nevertheless, specific vulnerable populations should be cautious about obtaining adequate amounts of minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium. Inadequate levels of these minerals can temporarily impair immune competence and disrupt the long-term regulation of systemic inflammation. Therefore, comprehending the mechanisms and sources of these minerals is crucial. In exceptional circumstances, mineral deficiencies may necessitate supplementation; however, excessive intake of supplements can have adverse effects on the immune system and should be avoided. Consequently, any supplementation should be approved by medical professionals and administered in recommended doses. This review emphasizes the crucial significance of minerals in promoting optimal functioning of the immune system. It investigates the indispensable minerals required for immune system function and the regulation of inflammation. Moreover, it delves into the significance of maintaining an optimized intake of minerals from a nutritional standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Stefanache
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ionut-Iulian Lungu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11 Pacurari Street, Iasi 700511, Romania
| | - Cristian Gutu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Constantin Marcu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Carmen Grierosu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11 Pacurari Street, Iasi 700511, Romania
| | | | - Letitia-Doina Duceac
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | | | - Florina Popa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Dunarea de Jos, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati 800008, Romania
| | - Daniela Damir
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim CS, Jung MH, Choi EY, Shin DM. Probiotic supplementation has sex-dependent effects on immune responses in association with the gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:883-898. [PMID: 37780220 PMCID: PMC10522805 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.5.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Probiotics have been suggested as potent modulators of age-related disorders in immunological functions, yet little is known about sex-dependent effects of probiotic supplements. Therefore, we aimed to investigate sex-dependent effects of probiotics on profiles of the gut microbiota and peripheral immune cells in healthy older adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, healthy elderly individuals ≥ 65 yrs old were administered probiotic capsules (or placebo) for 12 wk. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. Peripheral immune cells were profiled using flow cytometry for lymphocytes (natural killer, B, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cells), dendritic cells, monocytes, and their subpopulations. RESULTS Compared with placebo, phylum Firmicutes was significantly reduced in the probiotic group in women, but not in men. At the genus level, sex-specific responses included reductions in the relative abundances of pro-inflammatory gut microbes, including Catabacter and unclassified_Coriobacteriales, and Burkholderia and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, in men and women, respectively. Peripheral immune cell profiling analysis revealed that in men, probiotics significantly reduced the proportions of dendritic cells and CD14+ CD16- monocytes; however, these effects were not observed in women. In contrast, the proportion of total CD4+ T cells was significantly reduced in women in the probiotic group. Additionally, serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels showed a decreasing tendency that were positively associated with changes in gut bacteria, including Catabacter (ρ = 0.678, P < 0.05) and Burkholderia (ρ = 0.673, P < 0.05) in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that probiotic supplementation may reduce the incidence of inflammation-related diseases by regulating the profiles of the gut microbiota and peripheral immune cells in healthy elders in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Information Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paparazzo E, Geracitano S, Lagani V, Citrigno L, Bartolomeo D, Aceto MA, Bruno F, Maletta R, Passarino G, Montesanto A. Thymic function and survival at advance ages in nursing home residents from Southern Italy. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:16. [PMID: 37038200 PMCID: PMC10084596 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosenescence is a complex process characterized by an age-related remodelling of immune system. The prominent effects of the immunosenescence process is the thymic involution and, consequently, the decreased numbers and functions of T cells. Since thymic involution results in a collapse of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, a reliable biomarker of its activity is represented by the quantification of signal joint T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (sjTRECs) levels. Although it is reasonable to think that thymic function could play a crucial role on elderly survival, only a few studies investigated the relationship between an accurate measurement of human thymic function and survival at old ages. METHODS AND FINDINGS By quantifying the amount sjTRECs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the decrease in thymic output in 241 nursing home residents from Calabria (Southern Italy) was evaluated to investigate the relationship between thymic function and survival at old ages. We found that low sjTREC levels were associated with a significant increased risk of mortality at older ages. Nursing home residents with lower sjTREC exhibit a near 2-fold increase in mortality risk compared to those with sjTREC levels in a normal range. CONCLUSION Thymic function failure is an independent predictor of mortality among elderly nursing home residents. sjTREC represents a biomarker of effective ageing as its blood levels could anticipate individuals at high risk of negative health outcomes. The identification of these subjects is crucial to manage older people's immune function and resilience, such as, for instance, to plan more efficient vaccinal campaigns in older populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Paparazzo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Silvana Geracitano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal, 23952, Saudi Arabia
- SDAIA-KAUST Center of Excellence in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST, Thuwal, 23952, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Luigi Citrigno
- National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation - (IRIB), 87050 Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Denise Bartolomeo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Mirella Aurora Aceto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme (CZ), 88046, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme (CZ), 88046, Italy
| | - Raffaele Maletta
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme (CZ), 88046, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), Lamezia Terme (CZ), 88046, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kassis A, Fichot MC, Horcajada MN, Horstman AMH, Duncan P, Bergonzelli G, Preitner N, Zimmermann D, Bosco N, Vidal K, Donato-Capel L. Nutritional and lifestyle management of the aging journey: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1087505. [PMID: 36761987 PMCID: PMC9903079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With age, the physiological responses to occasional or regular stressors from a broad range of functions tend to change and adjust at a different pace and restoring these functions in the normal healthy range becomes increasingly challenging. Even if this natural decline is somehow unavoidable, opportunities exist to slow down and attenuate the impact of advancing age on major physiological processes which, when weakened, constitute the hallmarks of aging. This narrative review revisits the current knowledge related to the aging process and its impact on key metabolic functions including immune, digestive, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular functions; and revisits insights into the important biological targets that could inspire effective strategies to promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, Beaconsfield, QC, Canada,Amira Kassis,
| | | | | | | | - Peter Duncan
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Preitner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diane Zimmermann
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Donato-Capel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Laurence Donato-Capel,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gut microbiome and aging nexus and underlying mechanism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5349-5358. [PMID: 35882675 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the United Nations population profile, the number of individuals aged 60 and over in high-income nations is expected to rise from 302 million to over 366 million between 2019 and 2030, so there is an increasing emphasis on nutrition and health in older people. Numerous studies have demonstrated the crucial role that gut microbiota plays in maintaining human health. As a model of healthy aging, centenarians have different gut microbiota from ordinary elderly people. The core microbiome of centenarians in various countries has shown some common characteristics, which are worth further exploration. In this review, the significance of the human gut microbiota to health is briefly discussed, and the characteristics of the gut microbiota of long-lived senior persons of different ages and in different countries are described. Moreover, this review lists dietary interventions and fecal microbiota transplantation. In the end, it discusses the pros and cons of using probiotics to enhance the health of seniors through focused management of the gut microbiota. It aims to pave the way for further investigation into the nexus between gut microbiota, probiotics, and longevity, and then to reveal the underlying mechanism to promote longevity. KEY POINTS: • Gut microbial structure in different age groups and the characteristics of gut microbiota in centenarians. • Dietary interventions, fecal transplants, and probiotics target the modulation of gut microbiota for healthy aging.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Dong C, Han Y, Gu Z, Sun C. Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942796. [PMID: 35983061 PMCID: PMC9379926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism of immunosenescence, the association with aging and successful aging, and the effects on diseases are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling diseases effectively and achieve successful aging, we conducted the review and found that changes of aging-related phenotypes, deterioration of immune organ function and alterations of immune cell subsets participated in the process of immunosenescence, which had great effects on the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudian Han
- Information Center, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sorrenti V, Benedetti F, Buriani A, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Davinelli S, Zella D, Scapagnini G. Immunomodulatory and Antiaging Mechanisms of Resveratrol, Rapamycin, and Metformin: Focus on mTOR and AMPK Signaling Networks. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080912. [PMID: 35893737 PMCID: PMC9394378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging results from the progressive dysregulation of several molecular pathways and mTOR and AMPK signaling have been suggested to play a role in the complex changes in key biological networks involved in cellular senescence. Moreover, multiple factors, including poor nutritional balance, drive immunosenescence progression, one of the meaningful aspects of aging. Unsurprisingly, nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions could help maintain an optimal biological response by providing essential bioactive micronutrients required for the development, maintenance, and the expression of the immune response at all stages of life. In this regard, many studies have provided evidence of potential antiaging properties of resveratrol, as well as rapamycin and metformin. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated for these molecules a number of positive effects associated with healthy aging. The current review focuses on the mechanisms of action of these three important compounds and their suggested use for the clinical treatment of immunosenescence and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Largo Egidio Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesca Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere® Study Center, Via Prima Strada 23/3, 35129 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Davide Zella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (F.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (D.Z.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Giosia P, Stamerra CA, Giorgini P, Jamialahamdi T, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. The role of nutrition in inflammaging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101596. [PMID: 35219904 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Old age is characterized by a peculiar low-grade, chronic, and "sterile" inflammatory state, which has been termed "inflammaging." This is believed to substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases and to the progression of the ageing process. An adequate nutritional status is of great importance for maintaining proper immune system functionality and preventing frailty in the elderly. METHODS The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize what is known about the interaction between inflammaging and nutrition, focusing on the role of the Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota and calorie restriction (CR) in reducing systemic inflammation and improving clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary components may affect inflammation directly, counteracting the low grade age-related inflammation. In this regard, healthy diets, including the Mediterranean diet, are associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory mediators, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), that are hallmarks of inflammaging. Among the components of a healthy diet, a higher intake of whole grains, vegetables and fruits, nuts and fish are all associated with lower inflammation. One area of promising research is the microbiome-ageing interaction. Indeed, dysbiosis plays a role in sub-optimal metabolism, immune function and brain function and contributes to the poor health and impaired well-being associated with ageing. Modulation of the gut microbiota has shown promising results in some disorders. Additionally, the discovery of several molecular pathways associated with ageing, and the characterization of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) in modulating metabolic pathways and preventing inflammation, should encourage research on CR mimetics, drugs able to promote lifespan and extend healthspan.
Collapse
|
10
|
Weyh C, Krüger K, Peeling P, Castell L. The Role of Minerals in the Optimal Functioning of the Immune System. Nutrients 2022; 14:644. [PMID: 35277003 PMCID: PMC8840645 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals fulfil a wide variety of functions in the optimal functioning of the immune system. This review reports on the minerals that are essential for the immune system's function and inflammation regulation. We also discuss nutritional aspects of optimized mineral supply. The supply of minerals is important for the optimal function of the innate immune system as well as for components of adaptive immune defense; this involves defense mechanisms against pathogens in addition to the long-term balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation. Generally, a balanced diet is sufficient to supply the required balance of minerals to help support the immune system. Although a mineral deficiency is rare, there are nevertheless at-risk groups who should pay attention to ensure they are receiving a sufficient supply of minerals such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium. A deficiency in any of these minerals could temporarily reduce immune competence, or even disrupt systemic inflammation regulation in the long term. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms and supply of these minerals is important. In exceptional cases, a deficiency should be compensated by supplementation; however, supplement over-consumption may be negative to the immune system, and should be avoided. Accordingly, any supplementation should be medically clarified and should only be administered in prescribed concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Sport and Exercise Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA 6010, Australia
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Domaszewska K, Boraczyński M, Tang YY, Gronek J, Wochna K, Boraczyński T, Wieliński D, Gronek P. Protective Effects of Exercise Become Especially Important for the Aging Immune System in The Covid-19 Era. Aging Dis 2022; 13:129-143. [PMID: 35111366 PMCID: PMC8782560 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multietiological process and a major risk factor for most non-genetic, chronic diseases including geriatric syndromes that negatively affect healthspan and longevity. In the scenario of "healthy or good aging", especially during the COVID-19 era, the proper implementation of exercise as "adjuvant" or "polypill" to improve disease-related symptoms and comorbidities in the general population is a top priority. However, there is still a gap concerning studies analyzing influence of exercise training to immune system in older people. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of well-established findings in exercise immunology and immunogerontology, but with a focus on the main exercise-induced mechanisms associated with aging of the immune system (immunosenescence). The scientific data strongly supports the notion that regular exercise as a low-cost and non-pharmacological treatment approach, when adjusted on an individual basis in elderly, induce multiple rejuvenating mechanisms: (1) affects the telomere-length dynamics (a "telo-protective" effect), (2) promote short- and long-term anti-inflammatory effects (via e.g., triggering the anti-inflammatory phenotype), 3) stimulates the adaptive immune system (e.g., helps to offset diminished adaptive responses) and in parallel inhibits the accelerated immunosenescence process, (4) increases post-vaccination immune responses, and (5) possibly extends both healthspan and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Domaszewska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Michał Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Joanna Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Dance and Gymnastics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Krystian Wochna
- Laboratory of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Wieliński
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Dance and Gymnastics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Factors associated with unintentional weight loss among older adults in a geriatric outpatient clinic of university hospital. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260233. [PMID: 34793549 PMCID: PMC8601429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is defined as unintentional reduction of more than 5% of baseline body weight over 6 to 12 months. UWL is a common problem in the older adults, resulting in increased rate of morbidity and mortality. With specific reference to Thailand, no information on factors associated with UWL in older adults could be traced. The aims of this research were to identify the factors associated with UWL and to assess the common causes of UWL among older adults in the geriatric outpatient clinic of university hospital. Methods A case-control study was conducted from June 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2020. Eighty older adults aged 60 years or older were enrolled in the UWL group while the non-UWL group consisted of 160 participants. Data collection was performed by structural questionnaire including baseline characteristics, psychosocial factors, health information, lifestyle behaviors, and medications. The factors associated with UWL were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Causes of UWL were recorded from electronic medical records. Results The mean age of the 240 participants was 79.6 years (SD 7.4). Most patients were female (79.2%) and had fewer than 12 years of education (62.6%). The three common causes of UWL were reduced appetite (20.1%), dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (13.7%) and medications (11.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of >1 (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.37–4.73; P = 0.003), vitamin D deficiency (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.62–9.97; P = 0.003), and hemoglobin level of <12 g/dL (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.32–4.63; P = 0.005) were factors significantly associated with UWL. Conclusions Factors associated with UWL were CCI score >1, vitamin D deficiency, and hemoglobin level of <12 g/dl. The early detection of these associated factors, reduced appetite, dementia and polypharmacy may be important in UWL prevention in older adults.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chigangaidze RK, Chinyenze P. Is It "Aging" or Immunosenescence? The COVID-19 Biopsychosocial Risk Factors Aggravating Immunosenescence as Another Risk Factor of the Morbus. A Developmental-clinical Social Work Perspective. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2021; 64:676-691. [PMID: 33975529 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1923604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has proliferated ageism. The impetus of this article is to show that immunosenescence is a risk factor to COVID-19 and not aging per se. Based on the idea that some older people are also healthier than younger ones, the emphasis of this article is on immunosenescence and not aging as a risk factor of COVID-19 complications. The paper utilizes a biopsychosocial approach to expound on the link between immunosenescence and COVID-19 risk factors. The article explores biological factors such as malnutrition, comorbidities, substance abuse, and sex. It also expands on psychosocial factors such as mental health disorders, homelessness, unemployment, lack of physical exercises, stigma, and discrimination. The article calls for gerontological social work to assume a developmental-clinical social work perspective to prevent the early onset and progression of immunosenescence. It calls for gerontological social work to prevent factors that promote unhealthy aging. The article promotes a preventative stance to practice and not just curative approaches. Treatment involves primary prevention which emphasizes on avoiding the onset of unhealthy aging. It is this approach that gerontological social work should aim also to address in building resilience in the face of pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Chigangaidze
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Social Work, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Patience Chinyenze
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Social Work, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Budamagunta V, Foster TC, Zhou D. Cellular senescence in lymphoid organs and immunosenescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19920-19941. [PMID: 34382946 PMCID: PMC8386533 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a multi-faceted phenomenon at the root of age-associated immune dysfunction. It can lead to an array of pathological conditions, including but not limited to a decreased capability to surveil and clear senescent cells (SnCs) and cancerous cells, an increased autoimmune responses leading to tissue damage, a reduced ability to tackle pathogens, and a decreased competence to illicit a robust response to vaccination. Cellular senescence is a phenomenon by which oncogene-activated, stressed or damaged cells undergo a stable cell cycle arrest. Failure to efficiently clear SnCs results in their accumulation in an organism as it ages. SnCs actively secrete a myriad of molecules, collectively called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which are factors that cause dysfunction in the neighboring tissue. Though both cellular senescence and immunosenescence have been studied extensively and implicated in various pathologies, their relationship has not been greatly explored. In the wake of an ongoing pandemic (COVID-19) that disproportionately affects the elderly, immunosenescence as a function of age has become a topic of great importance. The goal of this review is to explore the role of cellular senescence in age-associated lymphoid organ dysfunction and immunosenescence, and provide a framework to explore therapies to rejuvenate the aged immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Budamagunta
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tourkochristou E, Triantos C, Mouzaki A. The Influence of Nutritional Factors on Immunological Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665968. [PMID: 34135894 PMCID: PMC8201077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Through food intake, humans obtain a variety of nutrients that are essential for growth, cellular function, tissue development, energy, and immune defense. A special interaction between nutrients and gut-associated lymphoid tissue occurs in the intestinal tract. Enterocytes of the intestinal barrier act as sensors for antigens from nutrients and the intestinal microbiota, which they deliver to the underlying immune system of the lamina propria, triggering an immune response. Studies investigating the mechanism of influence of nutrition on immunological outcomes have highlighted an important role of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics) in modulating immune homeostasis. Nutrients exert their role in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating the expression of TLRs, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus interfering with immune cell crosstalk and signaling. Chemical substrates derived from nutrient metabolism may act as cofactors or blockers of enzymatic activity, influencing molecular pathways and chemical reactions associated with microbial killing, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Immune cell function appears to be influenced by certain nutrients that form parts of the cell membrane structure and are involved in energy production and prevention of cytotoxicity. Nutrients also contribute to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses by modulating B and T lymphocyte differentiation, proliferation and activation, and antibody production. The purpose of this review is to present the available data from the field of nutritional immunology to elucidate the complex and dynamic relationship between nutrients and the immune system, the delineation of which will lead to optimized nutritional regimens for disease prevention and patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
García-Montero C, Fraile-Martínez O, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Pekarek L, Castellanos AJ, Noguerales-Fraguas F, Coca S, Guijarro LG, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo A, Sanchez-Trujillo L, Lahera G, Bujan J, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Álvarez-Mon MA, Ortega MA. Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota-Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:699. [PMID: 33671569 PMCID: PMC7927055 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent diseases of our time, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer) are rising worldwide. All of them share the condition of an "inflammatory disorder", with impaired immune functions frequently caused or accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota. These multifactorial maladies also have in common malnutrition related to physiopathology. In this context, diet is the greatest modulator of immune system-microbiota crosstalk, and much interest, and new challenges, are arising in the area of precision nutrition as a way towards treatment and prevention. It is a fact that the westernized diet (WD) is partly responsible for the increased prevalence of NCDs, negatively affecting both gut microbiota and the immune system. Conversely, other nutritional approaches, such as Mediterranean diet (MD), positively influence immune system and gut microbiota, and is proposed not only as a potential tool in the clinical management of different disease conditions, but also for prevention and health promotion globally. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the regulatory role of nutritional components of WD and MD in the gut microbiota and immune system interplay, in order to understand, and create awareness of, the influence of diet over both key components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Alejandro J. Castellanos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
| | - Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (F.N.-F.); (A.A.)
- Department of General Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Hospital, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Asúnsolo
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (F.N.-F.); (A.A.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
| | - Lara Sanchez-Trujillo
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares,28806 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (L.P.); (A.J.C.); (N.G.-H.); (J.B.); (J.M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (L.S.-T.)
- University Center for the Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Z, Hu Y, Xu M, Chen Z, Yang W, Jiang Z, Li M, Jin H, Cui G, Chen P, Wang L, Zhao G, Ding Y, Zhao Y, Yin W. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy adults aged 60 years and older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:803-812. [PMID: 33548194 PMCID: PMC7906628 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30987-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed for older adults, in whom morbidity and mortality due to the disease are increased. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a candidate COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2, in adults aged 60 years and older. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial of CoronaVac in healthy adults aged 60 years and older in Renqiu (Hebei, China). Vaccine or placebo was given by intramuscular injection in two doses (days 0 and 28). Phase 1 comprised a dose-escalation study, in which participants were allocated to two blocks: block 1 (3 μg inactivated virus in 0·5 mL of aluminium hydroxide solution per injection) and block 2 (6 μg per injection). Within each block, participants were randomly assigned (2:1) using block randomisation to receive CoronaVac or placebo (aluminium hydroxide solution only). In phase 2, participants were randomly assigned (2:2:2:1) using block randomisation to receive either CoronaVac at 1·5 μg, 3 μg, or 6 μg per dose, or placebo. All participants, investigators, and laboratory staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary safety endpoint was adverse reactions within 28 days after each injection in all participants who received at least one dose. The primary immunogenicity endpoint was seroconversion rate at 28 days after the second injection (which was assessed in all participants who had received the two doses of vaccine according to their random assignment, had antibody results available, and did not violate the trial protocol). Seroconversion was defined as a change from seronegative at baseline to seropositive for neutralising antibodies to live SARS-CoV-2 (positive cutoff titre 1/8), or a four-fold titre increase if the participant was seropositive at baseline. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04383574). FINDINGS Between May 22 and June 1, 2020, 72 participants (24 in each intervention group and 24 in the placebo group; mean age 65·8 years [SD 4·8]) were enrolled in phase 1, and between June 12 and June 15, 2020, 350 participants were enrolled in phase 2 (100 in each intervention group and 50 in the placebo group; mean age 66·6 years [SD 4·7] in 349 participants). In the safety populations from both phases, any adverse reaction within 28 days after injection occurred in 20 (20%) of 100 participants in the 1·5 μg group, 25 (20%) of 125 in the 3 μg group, 27 (22%) of 123 in the 6 μg group, and 15 (21%) of 73 in the placebo group. All adverse reactions were mild or moderate in severity and injection site pain (39 [9%] of 421 participants) was the most frequently reported event. As of Aug 28, 2020, eight serious adverse events, considered unrelated to vaccination, have been reported by seven (2%) participants. In phase 1, seroconversion after the second dose was observed in 24 of 24 participants (100·0% [95% CI 85·8-100·0]) in the 3 μg group and 22 of 23 (95·7% [78·1-99·9]) in the 6 μg group. In phase 2, seroconversion was seen in 88 of 97 participants in the 1·5 μg group (90·7% [83·1-95·7]), 96 of 98 in the 3 μg group (98·0% [92·8-99·8]), and 97 of 98 (99·0% [94·5-100·0]) in the 6 μg group. There were no detectable antibody responses in the placebo groups. INTERPRETATION CoronaVac is safe and well tolerated in older adults. Neutralising antibody titres induced by the 3 μg dose were similar to those of the 6 μg dose, and higher than those of the 1·5 μg dose, supporting the use of the 3 μg dose CoronaVac in phase 3 trials to assess protection against COVID-19. FUNDING Chinese National Key Research and Development Program and Beijing Science and Technology Program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wu
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - Miao Xu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Beijing Key Tech Statistics Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Renqiu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Renqiu, Hebei, China
| | | | - Panpan Chen
- Renqiu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Renqiu, Hebei, China
| | | | - Guoqing Zhao
- Beijing Key Tech Statistics Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhu Ding
- Renqiu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Renqiu, Hebei, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Potential roles of micronutrient deficiency and immune system dysfunction in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nutrition 2021; 82:111047. [PMID: 33277150 PMCID: PMC7647394 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies indicate that a robust immune response across different cell types is crucial in recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An enormous number of investigations point to the vital importance of various micronutrients in the interactions between the host immune system and viruses, including COVID-19. There are complex and multifaceted links among micronutrient status, the host immune response, and the virulence of pathogenic viruses. Micronutrients play a critical role in the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, particularly in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory host responses. Furthermore, inadequate amounts of micronutrients not only weaken the immune system in combating viral infections, but also contribute to the emergence of more virulent strains via alterations of the genetic makeup of the viral genome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence that suggests the contribution of micronutrients in the spread as well as the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Both the presence of micronutrient deficiencies among infected individuals and the effect of micronutrient supplementation on the immune responses and overall outcome of the disease could be of great interest when weighing the use of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. These investigations could be of great value in dealing with future viral epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arnold JW, Roach J, Fabela S, Moorfield E, Ding S, Blue E, Dagher S, Magness S, Tamayo R, Bruno-Barcena JM, Azcarate-Peril MA. The pleiotropic effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides on the aging gut. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 33509277 PMCID: PMC7845053 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have an extensively demonstrated beneficial impact on intestinal health. In this study, we determined the impact of GOS diets on hallmarks of gut aging: microbiome dysbiosis, inflammation, and intestinal barrier defects ("leaky gut"). We also evaluated if short-term GOS feeding influenced how the aging gut responded to antibiotic challenges in a mouse model of Clostridioides difficile infection. Finally, we assessed if colonic organoids could reproduce the GOS responder-non-responder phenotypes observed in vivo. RESULTS Old animals had a distinct microbiome characterized by increased ratios of non-saccharolytic versus saccharolytic bacteria and, correspondingly, a lower abundance of β-galactosidases compared to young animals. GOS reduced the overall diversity, increased the abundance of specific saccharolytic bacteria (species of Bacteroides and Lactobacillus), increased the abundance of β-galactosidases in young and old animals, and increased the non-saccharolytic organisms; however, a robust, homogeneous bifidogenic effect was not observed. GOS reduced age-associated increased intestinal permeability and increased MUC2 expression and mucus thickness in old mice. Clyndamicin reduced the abundance Bifidobacterium while increasing Akkermansia, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Bacillus, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus in old mice. The antibiotics were more impactful than GOS on modulating serum markers of inflammation. Higher serum levels of IL-17 and IL-6 were observed in control and GOS diets in the antibiotic groups, and within those groups, levels of IL-6 were higher in the GOS groups, regardless of age, and higher in the old compared to young animals in the control diet groups. RTqPCR revealed significantly increased gene expression of TNFα in distal colon tissue of old mice, which was decreased by the GOS diet. Colon transcriptomics analysis of mice fed GOS showed increased expression of genes involved in small-molecule metabolic processes and specifically the respirasome in old animals, which could indicate an increased oxidative metabolism and energetic efficiency. In young mice, GOS induced the expression of binding-related genes. The galectin gene Lgals1, a β-galactosyl-binding lectin that bridges molecules by their sugar moieties and is an important modulator of the immune response, and the PI3K-Akt and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were also induced in young mice. Stools from mice exhibiting variable bifidogenic response to GOS injected into colon organoids in the presence of prebiotics reproduced the response and non-response phenotypes observed in vivo suggesting that the composition and functionality of the microbiota are the main contributors to the phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Dietary GOS modulated homeostasis of the aging gut by promoting changes in microbiome composition and host gene expression, which was translated into decreased intestinal permeability and increased mucus production. Age was a determining factor on how prebiotics impacted the microbiome and expression of intestinal epithelial cells, especially apparent from the induction of galectin-1 in young but not old mice. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery Roach
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Information Technology Services and Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Salvador Fabela
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Current affiliation: Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily Moorfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric Blue
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Dagher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Scott Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rita Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose M Bruno-Barcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease (CGIBD), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bouamama S, Merzouk H, Latrech H, Charif N, Bouamama A. Royal jelly alleviates the detrimental effects of aging on immune functions by enhancing the in vitro cellular proliferation, cytokines, and nitric oxide release in aged human PBMCS. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13619. [PMID: 33491244 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging strongly delays the immunity. Our research aims to assess the in vitro effects of royal jelly (RJ) on the immune function of aged PBMCs. PBMCs were obtained from 10 healthy aged and young donors by the gradient density centrifugation method and further cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with or without RJ in the presence of Con A. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay along with the measurement of interleukins, Nitric oxide (NO), Glutathione (GSH), and Malondialdehydes (MDA). Our results showed that RJ improved PBMCs proliferation significantly in the elderly subjects, accompanied by the increase in NO (p = .001) and the release of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 cytokines. RJ also increased the intracellular GSH (p = .001) and MDA (p = .001) levels in aged PBMCs. In young subjects, RJ enhanced PBMCs proliferation potency, IL-4, IL-6, GSH, and intracellular MDA levels but with a concomitant decrease in NO and IL-2 cytokine secretion as compared with non RJ-treated cells. In conclusion, RJ restored functions of the aged PBMCs as well as the young control subjects, indicating a beneficial effect on immune status during the aging process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Royal jelly is a well-known edible dietary compound, used traditionally to treat many diseases throughout the world. Since antiquity, it was shown to have medicinal importance. The immuno-enhancing potential of this food was largely and scientifically established by the lipid and protein fractions. The present study illustrates the anti-aging and stimulatory effects of the fresh RJ whole extract, from local Algerian honey bee: Apis mellifera intermissa, on the immunity of aged men. This study provides the experimental evidence supporting anti-immunosenesence effects of royal jelly. RJ supplementation can be used in the old age management and human age-related complications, especially, associated with the weaknesses of the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Bouamama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Research Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology, and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hafida Merzouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Research Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology, and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Hamidou Latrech
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Blida University, Blida, Algeria
| | - Naima Charif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria.,Research Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology, and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Amina Bouamama
- Department of Foreign Languages, Literatures and Languages Faculty, Abou-Bekr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilms E, An R, Smolinska A, Stevens Y, Weseler AR, Elizalde M, Drittij MJ, Ioannou A, van Schooten FJ, Smidt H, Masclee AAM, Zoetendal EG, Jonkers DMAE. Galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation in prefrail older and healthy adults increased faecal bifidobacteria, but did not impact immune function and oxidative stress. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3019-3031. [PMID: 33509667 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ageing is associated with an increased risk of frailty, intestinal microbiota perturbations, immunosenescence and oxidative stress. Prebiotics such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) may ameliorate these ageing-related alterations. We aimed to compare the faecal microbiota composition, metabolite production, immune and oxidative stress markers in prefrail elderly and younger adults, and investigate the effects of GOS supplementation in both groups. METHODS In a randomised controlled cross-over study, 20 prefrail elderly and 24 healthy adults received 21.6 g/day Biotis™ GOS (containing 15.0 g/day GOS) or placebo. Faecal 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota and short-chain fatty acids were analysed at 0, 1 and 4 weeks of intervention.Volatile organic compounds were analysed in breath, and stimulated cytokine production, CRP, malondialdehyde, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and uric acid (UA) in blood at 0 and 4 weeks. RESULTS Principle coordinate analysis showed differences in microbial composition between elderly and adults (P≤0.05), with elderly having lower bifidobacteria (P≤0.033) at baseline. In both groups, GOS affected microbiota composition (P≤0.05), accompanied by increases in bifidobacteria (P<0.001) and decreased microbial diversity (P≤0.023). Faecal and breath metabolites, immune and oxidative stress markers neither differed between groups (P ≥ 0.125) nor were affected by GOS (P ≥ 0.236). TEAC values corrected for UA were higher in elderly versus adults (P<0.001), but not different between interventions (P ≥ 0.455). CONCLUSIONS Elderly showed lower faecal bifidobacterial (relative) abundance than adults, which increased after GOS intake in both groups. Faecal and breath metabolites, parameters of immune function and oxidative stress were not different at baseline, and not impacted by GOS supplementation. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV WITH STUDY ID NUMBER NCT03077529.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yala Stevens
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antje R Weseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Elizalde
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Drittij
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Athanasia Ioannou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in the immunological pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 (adults and elderly). Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:559-579. [PMID: 33084959 PMCID: PMC7576552 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic is affecting the entire world with more than 25 million confirmed cases in August 2020 according to the World Health Organization. It is known that the virus can affect several tissues and can progress to a respiratory failure in severe cases. To prevent the progression to this stage of the disease and minimize all the damage caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) the immune system must be in its integrity. A healthy nutritional status are fundamental to efficient immunological protection and consequently a good response to SARS-CoV-2. Micronutrients and bioactive compounds perform functions in immune cells that are extremely essential to stop SARS-CoV-2. Their adequate consumption is part of a non-pharmacological intervention to keep the immune system functioning. This review has as main objective to inform how micronutrients and bioactive compounds could act in the essential immunological pathways could stop SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the functions that have already established in the literature and transposing to this scenario.
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu W, Wong G, Hwang YY, Larbi A. The untwining of immunosenescence and aging. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:559-572. [PMID: 33165716 PMCID: PMC7665974 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From a holistic point of view, aging results from the cumulative erosion of the various systems. Among these, the immune system is interconnected to the rest as immune cells are present in all organs and recirculate through bloodstream. Immunosenescence is the term used to define the remodelling of immune changes during aging. Because immune cells-and particularly lymphocytes-can further differentiate after their maturation in response to pathogen recognition, it is therefore unclear when senescence is induced in these cells. Additionally, it is also unclear which signals triggers senescence in immune cells (i) aging per se, (ii) specific response to pathogens, (iii) underlying conditions, or (iv) inflammaging. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge and concepts linked to immunosenescence and we focus this review on lymphocytes and T cells, which represent the typical model for replicative senescence. With the evidence presented, we propose to disentangle the senescence of immune cells from chronological aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Palomar-Abril V, Soria-Comes T, Tarazona Campos S, Martín Ureste M, Giner Bosch V, Maestu Maiques IC. Impact of Age on Inflammation-Based Scores among Patients Diagnosed with Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Oncology 2020; 98:528-533. [PMID: 32203963 DOI: 10.1159/000506204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory and nutritional indexes are prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, a low grade of chronic inflammation has been described in the older population (inflammaging). We aimed to evaluate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) in young and older patients diagnosed with locally advanced NSCLC to determine if significant differences between these groups exist. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study analyzing the impact of age on the NLR, PNI, ALI, PLR, and GPS among patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC at Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset between 2010 and 2015. RESULTS We included 124 patients (84 young, 40 older patients). The median hemoglobin level and leukocyte count were lower in the older patients (p = 0.0158 and p = 0.001, respectively). A higher median C-reactive protein level was also found in this group (p = 0.0095). Regarding specific inflammatory indexes, the PNI, comprising inflammatory and nutritional parameters, was lower among the older patients (p = 0.0463). The median NLR, ALI, and PLR were similar in both age groups. Moreover, no differences between the age groups were found in the percentage of patients showing high versus low NLR (cutoff point, 5) or ALI (cutoff point, 18) or in the different GPS groups. CONCLUSIONS The baseline PNI, hemoglobin level, and lymphocyte count were lower among the older patients; furthermore, CRP was higher, possibly, because of a more prominent inflammatory status in older patients with lung cancer. No other immunological or nutritional analytical variables were different between the age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Palomar-Abril
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain,
| | - Teresa Soria-Comes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Tarazona Campos
- Genomics of Gene Expression Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Martín Ureste
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Giner Bosch
- Department of Statistics and Operative Investigations, ETSI Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tarazona-Meza CE, Hanson C, Pollard SL, Romero Rivero KM, Galvez Davila RM, Talegawkar S, Rojas C, Rice JL, Checkley W, Hansel NN. Dietary patterns and asthma among Peruvian children and adolescents. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:63. [PMID: 32171269 PMCID: PMC7071620 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is one of the conditions that contributes to the global burden of respiratory diseases and has been previously associated with diet intake. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between diet, assessed by a developed score, and asthma in Peruvian children. METHODS This study was a cross sectional analysis nested within an unmatched case-control study of children in two peri-urban communities of Lima, Peru. We evaluated 767 children and adolescents (573 with asthma, 194 controls) between 9 and 19 years. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with food groups classified as "healthy" or "unhealthy". Asthma control, Lung function and atopy were assessed by Asthma Control Test, Spirometry and InmunoCAP 250 test, respectively. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 13.8 years (SD 2.6). Mean diet score was 5 (SD 1.23; range 2-8). Healthy Diet Score was associated with asthma status [OR 0.83, 95% CI (0.72, 0.95), p = 0.009] in adjusted analysis. Thus, participants with higher HDS, had lower odds of asthma. In sensitivity analyses, when adjusting for atopy, results did not change significantly. [OR 0.85, 95% CI (0.72, 0.99); p = 0.04]. No association between the HDS and asthma control, FEV1, nor FeNO were observed. Atopy did not modify the association between diet and asthma outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In our study cohort, better diet quality was associated with lower odds of asthma, but was not associated with asthma control. Diet modification may be a potential intervention to impact the increasing prevalence of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Tarazona-Meza
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Biomedical Research Unit, Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Carlos Gonzales 251, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Division of Medical Nutrition Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984035 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4035, USA
| | - Suzanne L Pollard
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 1830 E, Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Karina M Romero Rivero
- Biomedical Research Unit, Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Carlos Gonzales 251, San Miguel, Lima, Peru.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 1830 E, Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rocio M Galvez Davila
- Biomedical Research Unit, Asociacion Benefica PRISMA, Carlos Gonzales 251, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - Sameera Talegawkar
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW. 7th Floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Carlos Rojas
- Monitoring and Evaluation Office, UNICEF Peru, Parque Meliton Porras No. 350, Miraflores, Lima, Peru
| | - Jessica L Rice
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 1830 E, Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 1830 E, Monument, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilms E, Troost FJ, Elizalde M, Winkens B, de Vos P, Mujagic Z, Jonkers DMAE, Masclee AAM. Intestinal barrier function is maintained with aging - a comprehensive study in healthy subjects and irritable bowel syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:475. [PMID: 31949225 PMCID: PMC6965102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that intestinal barrier function is compromised with aging. We aimed to assess the effects of aging on intestinal barrier function in humans in vivo and ex vivo. In this cross-sectional study, healthy subjects and subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of older (65–75 years) and young adult age (18–40 years) were compared. In vivo gastrointestinal site-specific permeability was assessed by a multi-sugar test, taking into account potential confounders. Sigmoid biopsies were collected from subgroups of healthy young adults and elderly for ex vivo Ussing chamber experiments, gene transcription of barrier-related genes and staining of junctional proteins. No significant differences between healthy young adults and elderly were found for small intestinal, colonic and whole gut permeability (P ≥ 0.142). In IBS patients, gastroduodenal and colonic permeability did not differ significantly (P ≥ 0.400), but small intestinal and whole gut permeability were higher in elderly versus young adults (P ≤ 0.009), mainly driven by the IBS-diarrhea subtype. Ussing chamber experiments with or without stressor (P ≥ 0.052), and relative expression of intestinal barrier-related genes (P ≥ 0.264) showed no significant differences between healthy elderly and young adults, as confirmed by immunofluorescent stainings. Overall, the functional capacity of the intestinal barrier is maintained in elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Freddy J Troost
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Food Innovation and Health Research, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Elizalde
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics; CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, section Immunoendocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zlatan Mujagic
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine; NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barrera-Vázquez OS, Gomez-Verjan JC. The Unexplored World of Human Virome, Mycobiome, and Archaeome in Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 75:1834-1837. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the last decades, improvements in different aspects of sanitation, medical care, and nutrition, among others, have permitted an increase in the average lifespan of human population around the world. These advances have stimulated an increased interest in the study of the aging process and age-sensitive characteristics, such as the microbial community that colonizes the human body (microbiome). The human microbiome is composed of bacteria (bacteriome), archaea (archaeome), fungi (mycobiome), and viruses (virome). To date, research has mainly been centered on the composition of the bacteriome, with other members remain poorly studied. Interestingly, changes in the composition of the microbiome have been implicated in aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, in the present perspective, we suggest expanding the scope to research to include the role and the possible associations that the other members of the microbiome could have in the aging organism. An expanded view of the microbiome would increase our knowledge of the physiology of aging and may be particularly valuable for the treatment and diagnosis of age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Aiello A, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Davinelli S, Gambino CM, Ligotti ME, Zareian N, Accardi G. Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2247. [PMID: 31608061 PMCID: PMC6773825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by remodeling of the immune system. With time, this leads to a decline in immune efficacy, resulting in increased vulnerability to infectious diseases, diminished responses to vaccination, and a susceptibility to age-related inflammatory diseases. An age-associated immune alteration, extensively reported in previous studies, is the reduction in the number of peripheral blood naïve cells, with a relative increase in the frequency of memory cells. These two alterations, together with inflamm-aging, are considered the hallmarks of immunosenescence. Because aging is a plastic process, it is influenced by both nutritional and pharmacological interventions. Therefore, the role of nutrition and of immunomodulation in immunosenescence is discussed, due to the multifactorial influence on these hallmarks. The close connection between nutrition, intake of bioactive nutrients and supplements, immune function, and inflammation demonstrate the key role of dietary strategies as regulators of immune response and inflammatory status, hence as possible modulators of the rate of immunosenescence. In addition, potential options for therapeutic intervention are clarified. In particular, the use of interleukin-7 as growth factor for naïve T cells, the function of checkpoint inhibitors in improving T cell responses during aging and, the potential of drugs that inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinases and their interaction with nutrient signaling pathways are discussed. Finally, it is suggested that the inclusion of appropriate combinations of toll-like receptor agonists may enhance the efficacy of vaccination in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Hematological Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nahid Zareian
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Hematological Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Study of the Immune Response in the Elderly: Is It Necessary to Develop a Vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis for the Aged? J Aging Res 2019; 2019:9287121. [PMID: 31534800 PMCID: PMC6724425 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9287121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Literature reports the association between aging and decline in the immune system function. The elderly have a higher risk of developing infectious diseases and are often less responsive to vaccines that are effective in the young. The case fatality rate of invasive meningococcal disease is higher in the elderly; therefore, vaccination for this population should be evaluated. Although new vaccines have been developed against Neisseria meningitidis, there is still a need to evaluate a vaccine for those older than 60 years, as the currently licensed vaccines are not indicated for this population.
Collapse
|
30
|
An R, Wilms E, Masclee AAM, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Jonkers D. Age-dependent changes in GI physiology and microbiota: time to reconsider? Gut 2018; 67:2213-2222. [PMID: 30194220 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our life expectancy is increasing, leading to a rise in the ageing population. Ageing is associated with a decline in physiological function and adaptive capacity. Altered GI physiology can affect the amount and types of nutrients digested and absorbed as well as impact the intestinal microbiota. The intestinal microbiota is considered a key player in our health, and a variety of studies have reported that microbiota composition is changing during ageing. Since ageing is associated with a decline in GI function and adaptive capacity, it is crucial to obtain insights into this decline and how this is related to the intestinal microbiota in the elderly. Hence, in this review we focus on age-related changes in GI physiology and function, changes of the intestinal microbiota with ageing and frailty, how these are associated and how intestinal microbiota-targeted interventions may counteract these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Preshaw PM, Henne K, Taylor JJ, Valentine RA, Conrads G. Age-related changes in immune function (immune senescence) in caries and periodontal diseases: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S153-S177. [PMID: 28266110 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the evidence regarding immune senescence in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and dental caries. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases utilizing medical subject headings (MeSH terms) supplemented by screening of review articles and other relevant texts was undertaken. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were included (43 for periodontitis, 30 for caries). Study results were found to be generally heterogeneous. Regarding periodontitis, human studies suggest evidence for altered neutrophil function and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 ) in older compared to younger subjects, and animal experiments suggest increased expression of genes that contribute to a pro-inflammatory state in older compared to younger animals. Regarding dental caries, research relating to changes in immune functioning and the impact of ageing is in its infancy. A small number of studies have reported components of innate and adaptive immunity that affect the composition of saliva and dental biofilms with possible impacts on caries progression. CONCLUSION There is evidence that immune functioning related to periodontitis and (less investigated) dental caries alters with increasing age. In both conditions, age-associated mechanistic changes in immune functioning are complex and incompletely understood and it is not clear how these relate to disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maijo M, Ivory K, Clements SJ, Dainty JR, Jennings A, Gillings R, Fairweather-Tait S, Gulisano M, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Carding SR, Nicoletti C. One-Year Consumption of a Mediterranean-Like Dietary Pattern With Vitamin D3 Supplements Induced Small Scale but Extensive Changes of Immune Cell Phenotype, Co-receptor Expression and Innate Immune Responses in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Results From the United Kingdom Arm of the NU-AGE Trial. Front Physiol 2018; 9:997. [PMID: 30093866 PMCID: PMC6070774 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the major features of aging are chronic low grade inflammation and a decline in immune function. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is considered to be a valuable tool to improve health status, and although beneficial effects have been reported, to date, immunological outcomes have not been extensively studied. We aimed to test the hypothesis that 1 year of a tailored intervention based on the MedDiet with vitamin D (10 μg/day) would improve innate immune responses in healthy elderly subjects (65-79 years) from the English cohort (272 subjects recruited) of the NU-AGE randomized, controlled study (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01754012). Of the 272 subjects forming the United Kingdom cohort a subgroup of 122 subjects (61 in the intervention group and 61 in the control group) was used to evaluate ex vivo innate immune response, phenotype of circulating immune cells, and levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated for all the parameters analyzed. After adjustment by gender, MedDiet-females with a BMI < 31 kg/m2 had a significant upregulation of circulating CD40+CD86+ cells (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.01-11.75, P = 0.0437). Furthermore, in all MedDiet subjects, regardless of gender, we observed a MedDiet-dependent changes, although not statistically significant of immune-critical parameters including T cell degranulation, cytokine production and co-receptor expression. Overall, our study showed that adherence to an individually tailored Mediterranean-like dietary pattern with a daily low dose of vitamin D3 supplements for 1 year modified a large variety of parameters of immune function in healthy, elderly subjects. We interpreted these data as showing that the MedDiet in later life could improve aspects of innate immunity and thus it could aid the design of strategies to counteract age-associated disturbances. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01754012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Maijo
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Ivory
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Clements
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R Dainty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simon R Carding
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Programme, Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ryu DH, Yu HT, Kim SA, Lee YM, Hong SH, Yoon YR, Kim DJ, Kim HC, Moon HB, Shin EC, Lee DH. Is Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Organochlorine Pesticides a New Risk Factor of T-cell Immunosenescence? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1159-1167. [PMID: 29991517 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: T-cell immunosenescence, a hallmark of an aging immune system, is potentially linked to the risk of developing cancer and other aging-related diseases. Chronic infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been widely studied as a risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence, but the role of persistent chemicals has never been examined. As a typical example of persistent chemicals, we evaluated whether organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are related to T-cell immunosenescence in the general population.Methods: Serum concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and trans-nonachlor were measured in 95 Korean adults ages 30 to 64 years. T-cell immunosenescence was assessed by the frequencies of CD8+CD57+, CD8+CD28-, CD4+CD57+, and CD4+CD28- T lymphocytes in 20 mL of fresh peripheral blood.Results: The senescence of CD8+ T lymphocytes was the most consistently associated with OCPs. For quartiles of measurements of OCPs, adjusted mean percentages of CD8+CD57+ and CD8+CD28- T lymphocytes in the CD8+ T lymphocyte population were 23.9, 27.6, 31.0, and 38.7 (P trend < 0.01) and 25.6, 27.3, 28.0, and 35.5 (P trend = 0.02), respectively. When we compared the strength of the associations among OCPs, CMV IgG titer, and age, OCPs showed the strongest association with markers of immunosenescence. Importantly, the association between OCPs and immunosenescence markers was more prominent among participants without known risk factors, such as a young age or low CMV immunoglobulin G titer.Conclusions: Chronic exposure to low-dose OCPs may be a new risk factor for T-cell immunosenescence.Impact: T-cell immunosenescence may be one possible mechanism linking low-dose OCPs and many chronic diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1159-67. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-A Kim
- BK 21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea. .,BK 21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alves AS, Ishimura ME, Duarte YADO, Bueno V. Parameters of the Immune System and Vitamin D Levels in Old Individuals. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1122. [PMID: 29910802 PMCID: PMC5992391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The increased number of individuals older than 80 years, centenarians, and supercentenarians is not a synonym for healthy aging, since severe infections, hospitalization, and disability are frequently observed. In this context, a possible strategy is to preserve the main characteristics/functions of the immune system with the aim to cause less damage to the organism during the aging process. Vitamin D acts on bone marrow, brain, breast, malignant cells, and immune system and has been recommended as a supplement. We aimed to evaluate whether immune parameters and vitamin D serum levels are correlated. Methods We evaluated some features of the immune system using the peripheral blood of individuals older than 80 years (n = 12) compared to young subjects (n = 10). In addition, we correlated these findings with vitamin D serum levels. Results Old individuals presented metabolic parameters of healthy aging and maintained preserved some features of immunity such as CD4/CD8 ratio, and low production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after stimulus. On the other hand, we observed increase in the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reduction in circulating leukocytes, in the percentage of total CD8+, and in CD8+ Naïve T cells, in addition to increase in the percentage of CD8+ effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) T cells. We found seropositivity for CMV in 97.7%, which was correlated with the decrease of CD8+ Naïve T cells and increase in CD8+ EMRA T cells. Vitamin D levels were insufficient in 50% of old individuals and correlated positively with total CD8+ T cells and negatively with CD8+ EMRA T cells. Conclusion In the studied population, longevity was correlated to maintenance of some immune parameters. Considering the limitations of the study as size of the sample and lack of functional assays, it was found that vitamin D in old individuals was correlated to some features of the immune system, mainly in the CD8 compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Soares Alves
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayari Eika Ishimura
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valquiria Bueno
- Division of Immunology, DMIP Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Current status of perioperative management for elderly patients. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2017; 54:299-313. [PMID: 28855453 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.54.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Souza M, Jansen A, Martins A, Rodrigues L, Rezende N. Body composition in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 62:831-836. [PMID: 28001256 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.09.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the body composition and nutritional status of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) adult patients. Method A cross-sectional study of 60 NF1 patients (29 men, 31 women) aged ≥ 18 years who were evaluated from September 2012 to September 2013 in a Neurofibromatosis Outpatient Reference Center. Patients underwent nutritional assessment including measurements of weight, stature, waist circumference (WC), upper-arm circumference (UAC), and skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac). Body mass index (BMI), upper-arm total area (UATA), upper-arm muscle area (UAMA), upper-arm fat area (UAFA), body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass, fat-free mass, fat mass index, and fat-free mass index were also calculated. Results The mean age of the study population was 34.48±10.33 years. The prevalence of short stature was 28.3%. Low weight was present in 10% of the sample and 31.7% of patients had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Reduced UAMA (<5th percentile) was present in 43.3% and no difference was found in UAFA between the sexes. The BFP was considered high in 30% and 17 (28.3%) patients had a WC above the World Health Organization cutoffs. Conclusion In this study, NF1 patients had a high prevalence of underweight, short stature, and reduced UAMA, with no difference between the sexes. Reduced UAMA was more prevalent in underweight patients; however, this was also observed in the normal and overweight patients. Further studies should investigate the distribution of body tissues in NF1 patients, including differences between men and women, and the influence of diet and nutrition on clinical features in NF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Souza
- Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ann Jansen
- Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins
- Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Rodrigues
- Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nilton Rezende
- Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Long-term associations between inflammatory dietary scores in relation to long-term C-reactive protein status measured 12 years later: findings from the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:306-314. [PMID: 28166841 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognised as a key underlying mechanism for several chronic diseases, including cancer and CVD. Nutrition represents a host of key modifiable factors that influence chronic inflammation. Dietary inflammatory scores were developed to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet and have been associated with inflammatory biomarkers in cross-sectional and short-term longitudinal studies. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), the alternate dietary inflammatory index (ADII) and long-term C-reactive protein (CRP). We also tested age as an effect modifier of this relationship. Participants were selected in the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study, which included subjects aged 45-60 years old for men and 35-60 years old for women in 1994. Participants with ≥3 24-h dietary records at baseline and a CRP measurement at the 12-year follow-up evaluation were included in the present study (n 1980). The relationships between the DII and ADII and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated using logistic multivariable regression. All analyses were stratified by age (cut-off at median age=50 years old). The overall associations between DII and ADII and long-term CRP were not statistically significant (P trend across tertiles=0·16 for DII and 0·10 for ADII). A quantitative interaction was found between ADII score and age (P=0·16 for ADII, 0·36 for DII). In stratified analyses the ADII was significantly prospectively associated with CRP only in younger participants: OR tertile 3 v. tertile 1: 1·79 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·07). Pro-inflammatory diets may have long-term effect on CRP only in younger subjects.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim DY, Kim CO, Lim H. Quality of diet and level of physical performance related to inflammatory markers in community-dwelling frail, elderly people. Nutrition 2017; 38:48-53. [PMID: 28526382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether diet quality and functional status were associated with serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in frail, elderly, community-dwelling individuals. METHODS Seventy-eight frail, elderly individuals (age ≥65 y, usual gait speed <0.6 m/s and Mini Nutritional Assessment <24) participated in this cross-sectional study from the National Home Healthcare Services in Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Diet quality was assessed using mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the diet, which was calculated by averaging the sum of the nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) for the intakes of energy, protein, and 11 micronutrients. Grip strength was measured as an indicator of muscle strength, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) was measured as an indicator of physical performance. The levels of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were obtained from serum samples. RESULTS MAR and NAR scores for phosphorus; vitamins A, B1, and B6; and niacin were negatively associated with IL-6 (β = -0.006, -0.004, -0.004, -0.007, -0.004, and -0.005, respectively; P < 0.05). SPPB score, as well as NAR scores for vitamin B6, niacin, and vitamin C, were negatively associated with TNF-α (β = -0.098, -0.006, -0.006, and -0.004, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MAR of the diet was inversely associated with IL-6 concentration in frail elderly individuals, and higher SPPB score was associated with lower levels of TNF-α. Results from the present study suggest that improving diet quality and physical performance might lower levels of inflammation in this frail, elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-O Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Research Center, Yang Ji Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tu W, Rao S. Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2111. [PMID: 28082969 PMCID: PMC5186782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the human immune system to protect against infectious disease declines with age and efficacy of vaccination reduces significantly in the elderly. Aging of the immune system, also termed as immunosenescence, involves many changes in human T cell immunity that is characterized by a loss in naïve T cell population and an increase in highly differentiated CD28- memory T cell subset. There is extensive data showing that latent persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is also associated with age-related immune dysfunction in the T cells, which might enhance immunosenescence. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related and HCMV-related immunosenescence is critical for the development of effective age-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies. In this review, we will address the role of both aging and HCMV infection that contribute to the T cell senescence and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms in aged T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Tu
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Faculty of ESTeM, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Immunosenescence during ageing is a major challenge which weakens the ability of older individuals to respond to infection or vaccination. There has been much interest in dietary strategies to improve immunity in older people, but there is an assumption that modulation of the immune response in older people will be based on the same principles as for younger adults. Recent evidence suggests that ageing fundamentally alters the impact of nutrition on immune function. As a result, interpretation of data from studies investigating the impact of diet on immune function is highly dependent on subject age. Study design is critically important when investigating the efficacy of dietary components, and most studies involving older people include rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria based on medical history, laboratory tests, general health status and often nutritional status. However, immunological status is rarely accounted for, but can vary significantly, even amongst healthy older people. There are several clear examples of age-related changes in immune cell composition, phenotype and/or function, which can directly alter the outcome of an intervention. This review uses two case studies to illustrate how the effects of n-3 PUFA and probiotics differ markedly in young v. older subjects. Evidence from both suggests that baseline differences in immunosenescence influence the outcome of an intervention, highlighting the need for detailed immunological characterisation of subjects prior to interventions. Finally, future work elucidating alterations in metabolic regulation within cells of the immune system as a result of ageing may be important in understanding the impact of diet on immune function in older people.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The war on cancer has been fought during the past several decades primarily based on the somatic mutation model of cancer. This has resulted in the emphasis on cancer screening and elimination of any detected cancerous/precancerous cells as the primary method of cancer prevention. This approach has reduced mortality from some cancers, but age-adjusted cancer mortality rates continue to be high. The lack of significant progress in reducing cancer mortality rates may be indicative of a fundamental flaw in the cancer model used. An alternative model of cancer is the immune suppression model of cancer based on the tremendous increase in cancers when the immune system is suppressed. According to this model, the key carcinogenic event is the suppression of the immune system which enables the already existing covert cancers to grow uncontrollably, causing cancer. Hence, cancer screening would consist of identifying those with weak immune system response. The primary mode of cancer prevention and treatment would be boosting of the immune system, for example, through exercise, infection, and low-dose radiation, as they are all known to enhance immune system response and reduce cancers. There is sufficient evidence to justify clinical trials of this approach for cancer screening, prevention, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Doss
- Diagnostic Imaging, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CT, Gollamudi SPK, Myint KS, Peh WM, Merchant RA. Not Just Atypical Presentation, but Also Atypical Site: Tuberculosis in Elderly Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:e51-2. [PMID: 27550801 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tsu Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Khin Saw Myint
- Department of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Ming Peh
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma A Merchant
- Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
McElhaney J, Gavazzi G, Flamaing J, Petermans J. The role of vaccination in successful independent ageing. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
44
|
Jonkers DMAE. Microbial perturbations and modulation in conditions associated with malnutrition and malabsorption. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:161-72. [PMID: 27086883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem, which can be considered an accessory organ. It involves complex microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions with indispensable functions for the human host with regard to the intestinal epithelium and barrier function, the innate and adaptive immune system, and its large metabolic capacity. Saccharolytic fermentation results in the production of short chain fatty acids, which exert an array of beneficial effects, while proteolytic fermentation leads to an increase in potentially harmful metabolites. In addition, numerous other microbial metabolites are being produced with various intestinal as well as extra-intestinal effects. Their generation depends on the composition of the microbiota as well as the availability of substrates, which both vary along the GI tract. Diet impacts the intestinal microbiota composition and activity in early infancy as well as in adults. Microbial perturbations have been demonstrated in subjects with under-nutrition and/or malabsorption. The bidirectional interactions between the microbiome, nutrient availability and GI function, can contribute to a vicious circle, further impairing health outcome in conditions associated with malnutrition and/or malabsorption. Integrated multivariate approaches are needed to further unravel the complex interaction between microbiome, diet and host factors, as well as possible modulation thereof by prebiotics or probiotics. The present overview will briefly outline the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, its association with nutrient intake and availability, and will address the role of the intestinal microbiota in malnutrition and malabsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Infektionsschutz und spezielle Hygienemaßnahmen in klinischen Disziplinen. KRANKENHAUS- UND PRAXISHYGIENE 2016. [PMCID: PMC7152143 DOI: 10.1016/b978-3-437-22312-9.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Knowles LM, Skeath P, Jia M, Najafi B, Thayer J, Sternberg EM. New and Future Directions in Integrative Medicine Research Methods with a Focus on Aging Populations: A Review. Gerontology 2015; 62:467-76. [DOI: 10.1159/000441494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses existing and developing state-of-the-art noninvasive methods for quantifying the effects of integrative medicine (IM) in aging populations. The medical conditions of elderly patients are often more complex than those of younger adults, making the multifaceted approach of IM particularly suitable for aging populations. However, because IM interventions are multidimensional, it has been difficult to examine their effectiveness and mechanisms of action. Optimal assessment of IM intervention effects in the elderly should include a multifaceted approach, utilizing advanced analytic methods to integrate psychological, behavioral, physiological, and biomolecular measures of a patient's response to IM treatment. Research is presented describing methods for collecting and analyzing psychological data; wearable unobtrusive devices for monitoring heart rate variability, activity and other behavioral responses in real time; immunochemical methods for noninvasive molecular biomarker analysis, and considerations and analytical approaches for the integration of these measures. The combination of methods and devices presented in this review will provide new approaches for evaluating the effects of IM interventions in real-life ambulatory settings of older adults, and will extend the concept of mobile health to the domains of IM and healthy aging.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yashin AI, Arbeev KG, Arbeeva LS, Wu D, Akushevich I, Kovtun M, Yashkin A, Kulminski A, Culminskaya I, Stallard E, Li M, Ukraintseva SV. How the effects of aging and stresses of life are integrated in mortality rates: insights for genetic studies of human health and longevity. Biogerontology 2015; 17:89-107. [PMID: 26280653 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing proportions of elderly individuals in developed countries combined with substantial increases in related medical expenditures make the improvement of the health of the elderly a high priority today. If the process of aging by individuals is a major cause of age related health declines then postponing aging could be an efficient strategy for improving the health of the elderly. Implementing this strategy requires a better understanding of genetic and non-genetic connections among aging, health, and longevity. We review progress and problems in research areas whose development may contribute to analyses of such connections. These include genetic studies of human aging and longevity, the heterogeneity of populations with respect to their susceptibility to disease and death, forces that shape age patterns of human mortality, secular trends in mortality decline, and integrative mortality modeling using longitudinal data. The dynamic involvement of genetic factors in (i) morbidity/mortality risks, (ii) responses to stresses of life, (iii) multi-morbidities of many elderly individuals, (iv) trade-offs for diseases, (v) genetic heterogeneity, and (vi) other relevant aging-related health declines, underscores the need for a comprehensive, integrated approach to analyze the genetic connections for all of the above aspects of aging-related changes. The dynamic relationships among aging, health, and longevity traits would be better understood if one linked several research fields within one conceptual framework that allowed for efficient analyses of available longitudinal data using the wealth of available knowledge about aging, health, and longevity already accumulated in the research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy I Yashin
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A102E, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
| | - Konstantin G Arbeev
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liubov S Arbeeva
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deqing Wu
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Igor Akushevich
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mikhail Kovtun
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arseniy Yashkin
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Kulminski
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Miaozhu Li
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svetlana V Ukraintseva
- The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,The Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024 W. Main Street, Room A105, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kawakami H, Park H, Park S, Kuwata H, Shephard R, Aoyagi Y. Effects of enteric-coated lactoferrin supplementation on the immune function of elderly individuals: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
49
|
Hunsche C, Hernandez O, De la Fuente M. Impaired Immune Response in Old Mice Suffering from Obesity and Premature Immunosenescence in Adulthood. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|
50
|
Kerch G. The potential of chitosan and its derivatives in prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2158-82. [PMID: 25871293 PMCID: PMC4413205 DOI: 10.3390/md13042158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related, diet-related and protein conformational diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, cancer, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases are common in the elderly population. The potential of chitosan, chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives in prevention and treatment of age-related dysfunctions is reviewed and discussed in this paper. The influence of oxidative stress, low density lipoprotein oxidation, increase of tissue stiffness, protein conformational changes, aging-associated chronic inflammation and their pathobiological significance have been considered. The chitosan-based functional food also has been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garry Kerch
- Department of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Azenes 14/24, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia.
| |
Collapse
|