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Srivastava P, Bhoumik S, Yadawa AK, Kesherwani R, Rizvi SI. Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation affects cellular ionic balance: relevance to aging. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0129. [PMID: 38963236 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Aging results into disruptive physiological functioning and cellular processes that affect the composition and structure of the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is the major regulator of ionic homeostasis that regulates the functioning of membrane transporters and exchangers. Coenzyme Q10 is a lipid-soluble antioxidant molecule that declines during aging and age-associated diseases. The present study aims to explore the role of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation to rats during aging on membrane transporters and redox biomarkers. The study was conducted on young and old male Wistar rats supplemented with 20 mg/kg b.w. of Coenzyme Q10 per day. After a period of 28 days, rats were sacrificed and erythrocyte membrane was isolated. The result exhibits significant decline in biomarkers of oxidative stress in old control rats when compared with young control. The effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation was more pronounced in old rats. The functioning of membrane transporters and Na+/H+ exchanger showed potential return to normal levels in the Coenzyme Q10 treated rats. Overall, the results demonstrate that Coenzyme Q10 plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in cells which interconnects with membrane integrity. Thus, Coenzyme Q10 supplementation may play an important role in protecting age related alterations in erythrocyte membrane physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisha Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, 314956 University of Allahabad , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Sukanya Bhoumik
- Department of Biochemistry, 314956 University of Allahabad , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Arun K Yadawa
- Department of Biochemistry, 314956 University of Allahabad , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Rashmi Kesherwani
- Department of Biochemistry, 314956 University of Allahabad , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, 314956 University of Allahabad , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
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Yadav S, Deepika, Moar K, Kumar A, Khola N, Pant A, Kakde GS, Maurya PK. Reconsidering red blood cells as the diagnostic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2400019. [PMID: 38822416 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) are usually considered simple cells and transporters of gases to tissues. HYPOTHESIS However, recent research has suggested that RBCs may have diagnostic potential in major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). RESULTS This review summarizes the current knowledge on changes in RBC in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other NDDs. It discusses the deposition of neuronal proteins like amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein, polyamines, changes in the proteins of RBCs like band-3, membrane transporter proteins, heat shock proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and altered metabolic pathways in RBCs during neurodegeneration. It also highlights the comparison of RBC diagnostic markers to other in-market diagnoses and discusses the challenges in utilizing RBCs as diagnostic tools, such as the need for standardized protocols and further validation studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The evidence suggests that RBCs have diagnostic potential in neurodegenerative disorders, and this study can pave the foundation for further research which may lead to the development of novel diagnostic approaches and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somu Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Nikhila Khola
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ganseh S Kakde
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
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3
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Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Bouzas C, García S, Argelich E, Casares M, Ugarriza L, Llompart I, Tur JA, Sureda A. Impact of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Antioxidant Status and Metabolic Parameters in NAFLD Patients: A 24-Month Lifestyle Intervention Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:480. [PMID: 38671927 PMCID: PMC11047536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is recognized as a healthy dietary pattern. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. OBJECTIVES To assess the antioxidant status in erythrocytes, plasma, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of NAFLD patients following a 24-month lifestyle intervention based on the MedDiet. Adult patients (n = 40; aged 40-60 years) diagnosed with NAFLD by magnetic resonance imaging were divided into two groups based on their adherence to the MedDiet. Consumption was assessed using a validated 143-item semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Anthropometrics, biochemistry parameters, intrahepatic fat contents (IFC), antioxidants, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in plasma and erythrocytes before and after the intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, body mass index (BMI) and plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol), triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), and cytokeratin-18 (CK18) decreased, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) increased. Participants with high adherence to MedDiet showed lower IFC, hepatic enzyme (AST, ALT, and GGT), glycemia, oxidase LDL (oxLDL) plasma levels, and erythrocyte MDA levels. Higher antioxidant activity (erythrocyte catalase-CAT, superoxide dismutase-SOD, glutathione peroxidase-GPx, glutathione reductase-GRd, and total glutathione-GSH as well as PBMCs-CAT gene expression) was observed in these patients, along with a reduction of PBMCs reactive oxygen species production and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. Inverse associations were observed between adherence to the MedDiet and BMI, glycemia, AST, IFC, and CK18 plasma levels and oxLDL, CAT, SOD, and GRd activities in erythrocytes. A significant linear regression was observed between adherence to the MedDiet and antioxidant score. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the MedDiet is associated with improved plasma and PBMC antioxidant and inflammatory biomarker profiles and high antioxidant defences in erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Silvia García
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Emma Argelich
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- C.S. Camp Redó, IBSalut, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Llompart
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain (M.M.-M.); (I.L.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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Oulas A, Savva K, Karathanasis N, Spyrou GM. Ranking of cell clusters in a single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis framework using prior knowledge. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011550. [PMID: 38635836 PMCID: PMC11060557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prioritization or ranking of different cell types in a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) framework can be performed in a variety of ways, some of these include: i) obtaining an indication of the proportion of cell types between the different conditions under study, ii) counting the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cell types and conditions in the experiment or, iii) prioritizing cell types based on prior knowledge about the conditions under study (i.e., a specific disease). These methods have drawbacks and limitations thus novel methods for improving cell ranking are required. Here we present a novel methodology that exploits prior knowledge in combination with expert-user information to accentuate cell types from a scRNA-seq analysis that yield the most biologically meaningful results with respect to a disease under study. Our methodology allows for ranking and prioritization of cell types based on how well their expression profiles relate to the molecular mechanisms and drugs associated with a disease. Molecular mechanisms, as well as drugs, are incorporated as prior knowledge in a standardized, structured manner. Cell types are then ranked/prioritized based on how well results from data-driven analysis of scRNA-seq data match the predefined prior knowledge. In additional cell-cell communication perturbations between disease and control networks are used to further prioritize/rank cell types. Our methodology has substantial advantages to more traditional cell ranking techniques and provides an informative complementary methodology that utilizes prior knowledge in a rapid and automated manner, that has previously not been attempted by other studies. The current methodology is also implemented as an R package entitled Single Cell Ranking Analysis Toolkit (scRANK) and is available for download and installation via GitHub (https://github.com/aoulas/scRANK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Oulas
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Bioinformatics Department, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Savva
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Bioinformatics Department, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nestoras Karathanasis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Bioinformatics Department, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George M. Spyrou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Bioinformatics Department, Nicosia, Cyprus
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5
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Larkin SK, Hernández C, van Beers EJ, van Wijk R, Kuypers FA. The RoxyScan is a novel measurement of red blood cell deformability under oxidative and shear stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6344. [PMID: 38491086 PMCID: PMC10943210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to both oxidative and shear stress, a condition that the red blood cell (RBC) continuously experiences in the circulation in vivo can be mimicked in a Couette type viscometer and monitored by ektacytometry. RBCs maintain their deformation and orientation under shear stress and oxidative stress until a threshold is reached at which these conditions appear to overwhelm the elaborate and complex pathways that maintain a proper redox environment in the cell. Oxidative stress under shear alters the ability of the cell to deform, changes cell morphology, its orientation in the shear stress field, and appears to alter intracellular and membrane characteristics. The application of the RoxyScan technology allows the comparison of oxidant effects and the role of antioxidant systems. This provides the opportunity to study the ability of RBC to deal with oxidative stress in various conditions, including RBC disorders such as sickle cell disease (SCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Larkin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, UCSF RBClab, 5700 MLK Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA.
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Department Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard J van Beers
- Center for Benign Hematology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis - Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Wijk
- Department Central Diagnostic Laboratory - Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans A Kuypers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, UCSF RBClab, 5700 MLK Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
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6
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Huang YX, Lin KH, Chiang JC, Chen WM, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3 Activation Is Involved in the Regulation of Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2315. [PMID: 38397002 PMCID: PMC10889550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a unique form of programmed cell death trigged by lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, has been implicated in embryonic erythropoiesis and aging. Our previous research demonstrated that lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3) activation mitigated oxidative stress in progeria cells and accelerated the recovery of acute anemia in mice. Given that both processes involve iron metabolism, we hypothesized that LPA3 activation might mediate cellular ferroptosis. In this study, we used an LPA3 agonist, 1-Oleoyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerophosphothionate (OMPT), to activate LPA3 and examine its effects on the ferroptosis process. OMPT treatment elevated anti-ferroptosis gene protein expression, including solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), in erastin-induced cells. Furthermore, OMPT reduced lipid peroxidation and intracellular ferrous iron accumulation, as evidenced by C11 BODIPY™ 581/591 Lipid Peroxidation Sensor and FerroOrange staining. These observations were validated by applying LPAR3 siRNA in the experiments mentioned above. In addition, the protein expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), a key regulator of oxidative stress, was also enhanced in OMPT-treated cells. Lastly, we verified that LPA3 plays a critical role in erastin-induced ferroptotic human erythroleukemia K562 cells. OMPT rescued the erythropoiesis defect caused by erastin in K562 cells based on a Gly A promoter luciferase assay. Taken together, our findings suggest that LPA3 activation inhibits cell ferroptosis by suppressing lipid oxidation and iron accumulation, indicating that ferroptosis could potentially serve as a link among LPA3, erythropoiesis, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xun Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Chung Chiang
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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de Paula CP, de Oliveira da Silva JPM, Romanello KS, Bernardo VS, Torres FF, da Silva DGH, da Cunha AF. Peroxiredoxins in erythrocytes: far beyond the antioxidant role. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1335-1353. [PMID: 37728644 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The red blood cells (RBCs) are essential to transport oxygen (O2) and nutrients throughout the human body. Changes in the structure or functioning of the erythrocytes can lead to several deficiencies, such as hemolytic anemias, in which an increase in reactive oxidative species generation is involved in the pathophysiological process, playing a significant role in the severity of several clinical manifestations. There are important lines of defense against the damage caused by oxidizing molecules. Among the antioxidant molecules, the enzyme peroxiredoxin (Prx) has the higher decomposition power of hydrogen peroxide, especially in RBCs, standing out because of its abundance. This review aimed to present the recent findings that broke some paradigms regarding the three isoforms of Prxs found in RBC (Prx1, Prx2, and Prx6), showing that in addition to their antioxidant activity, these enzymes may have supplementary roles in transducing peroxide signals, as molecular chaperones, protecting from membrane damage, and maintenance of iron homeostasis, thus contributing to the overall survival of human RBCs, roles that seen to be disrupted in hemolytic anemia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Peres de Paula
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Exact and Technology Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - João Pedro Maia de Oliveira da Silva
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Karen Simone Romanello
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danilo Grünig Humberto da Silva
- Department of Biology, Paulista State University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus de Três Lagoas, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson Ferreira da Cunha
- Genetics and Evolution Department, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
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8
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Sun X, Zhang R, Fan Z, Liu Z, Hua Q. Predictive value of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio for contrast-induced nephropathy after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention. Perfusion 2023; 38:1511-1518. [PMID: 35950360 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221119422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the relationship of either hemoglobin or red blood cell distribution width (RDW) with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has been reported individually. To date, no studies have evaluated the predictive value of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) for CIN. METHODS A total of 1658 elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were retrospectively screened. Preoperative complete blood count was collected and the HRR was calculated as the ratio of hemoglobin to RDW. CIN was defined as an absolute ≥0.5 mg/dL (44.2 μmol/L) or a relative ≥25% increase in creatinine level at 72 h after contrast administration. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were conducted to determine the effective predictors for CIN. The ROC curve analysis was plotted to determine the optimal cutoff value for HRR in predicting CIN. RESULTS The overall incidence of CIN was 8.38%. The HRR was significantly lower in the CIN group compared with the non-CIN group (0.87 ± 0.15 vs 1.24 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). After multivariate regression analysis was performed, HRR was noted to be an effective predictor for the development of CIN (OR 1.617, 95% CI 1.439-2.706, p = 0.014), along with age, creatinine, eGFR, hs-CRP and contrast volume. An optimal cutoff value of 0.94 or lower for HRR was identified with 82.4% sensitivity and 63.5% specificity to predict CIN. CONCLUSION Lower HRR on admission was an effective predictor for CIN in elderly patients with STEMI undergoing emergency PCI. HRR may be a convenient, economical and reliable biomarker for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijng Huaxin Hospital, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Pospieszna B, Kusy K, Slominska EM, Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Zieliński J. Sports Participation Promotes Beneficial Adaptations in the Erythrocyte Guanylate Nucleotide Pool in Male Athletes Aged 20-90 Years. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:987-997. [PMID: 37377627 PMCID: PMC10292611 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s406555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The guanine nucleotide pool (GTP, guanosine-5'-triphosphate; GDP, guanosine-5'-diphosphate, and GMP, guanosine-5'-monophosphate) is an essential energy donor in various biological processes (eg protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis) and secures several vital regulatory functions in the human body. The study aimed to predict the trends of age-related changes in erythrocyte guanine nucleotides and examine whether competitive sport and related physical training promote beneficial adaptations in erythrocyte guanylate concentrations. Methods The study included 86 elite endurance runners (EN) aged 20-81 years, 58 sprint-trained athletes (SP) aged 21-90 years, and 62 untrained individuals (CO) aged 20-68 years. Results The concentration of erythrocyte GTP and total guanine nucleotides (TGN) were highest in the SP group, lower in the EN group, and lowest in the CO group. Both athletic groups had higher guanylate energy charge (GEC) values than the CO group (p = 0.012). Concentrations of GTP, TGN, and GEC value significantly decreased, while GDP and GMP concentrations progressively increased with age. Conclusion Such a profile of change suggests a deterioration of the GTP-related regulatory function in older individuals. Our study explicitly shows that lifelong sports participation, especially of sprint-oriented nature, allows for maintaining a higher erythrocyte guanylate pool concentration, supporting cells' energy metabolism, regulatory and transcription properties, and thus more efficient overall body functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pospieszna
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Spinelli S, Straface E, Gambardella L, Caruso D, Falliti G, Remigante A, Marino A, Morabito R. Aging Injury Impairs Structural Properties and Cell Signaling in Human Red Blood Cells; Açaì Berry Is a Keystone. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040848. [PMID: 37107223 PMCID: PMC10135063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is the ability of cells to modulate their shape to ensure transit through narrow capillaries of the microcirculation. A loss of deformability can occur in several pathological conditions, during natural RBC aging through an increase in membrane protein phosphorylation, and/or through the structural rearrangements of cytoskeletal proteins due to oxidative conditions, with a key role played by band 3. Due to the close relationship between aging and oxidative stress, flavonoid-rich foods are good candidates to counteract age-related alterations. This study aims to verify the beneficial role of Açaì extract in a d-Galactose (d-Gal)-induced model of aging in human RBCs. To this end, band 3 phosphorylation and structural rearrangements in membrane cytoskeleton-associated proteins, namely spectrin, ankyrin, and/or protein 4.1, are analyzed in RBCs treated with 100 mM d-Gal for 24 h, with or without pre-incubation with 10 μg/mL Açaì extract for 1 h. Furthermore, RBC deformability is also measured. Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3, membrane cytoskeleton-associated proteins, and RBC deformability (elongation index) are analyzed using western blotting analysis, FACScan flow cytometry, and ektacytometry, respectively. The present data show that: (i) Açaì berry extract restores the increase in band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and Syk kinase levels after exposure to 100 mM d-Gal treatment; and (ii) Açaì berry extract partially restores alterations in the distribution of spectrin, ankyrin, and protein 4.1. Interestingly, the significant decrease in membrane RBC deformability associated with d-Gal treatment is alleviated by pre-treatment with Açaì extract. These findings further contribute to clarify mechanisms of natural aging in human RBCs, and propose flavonoid substances as potential natural antioxidants for the treatment and/or prevention of oxidative-stress-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caruso
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology of Papardo Hospital, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falliti
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology of Papardo Hospital, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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11
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Remigante A, Spinelli S, Straface E, Gambardella L, Caruso D, Falliti G, Dossena S, Marino A, Morabito R. Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin in a H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress Model in Red Blood Cells: Functional Role of Band 3 Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910991. [PMID: 36232293 PMCID: PMC9569818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifespan, red blood cells (RBCs) are exposed to a large number of stressors and are therefore considered as a suitable model to investigate cell response to oxidative stress (OS). This study was conducted to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of the natural antioxidant quercetin (Q) on an OS model represented by human RBCs treated with H2O2. Markers of OS, including % hemolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, oxidation of protein sulfhydryl groups, CD47 and B3p expression, methemoglobin formation (% MetHb), as well as the anion exchange capability through Band 3 protein (B3p) have been analyzed in RBCs treated for 1 h with 20 mM H2O2 with or without pre-treatment for 1 h with 10 μM Q, or in RBCs pre-treated with 20 mM H2O2 and then exposed to 10 µM Q. The results show that pre-treatment with Q is more effective than post-treatment to counteract OS in RBCs. In particular, pre-exposure to Q avoided morphological alterations (formation of acanthocytes), prevented H2O2-induced OS damage, and restored the abnormal distribution of B3p and CD47 expression. Moreover, H2O2 exposure was associated with a decreased rate constant of SO42− uptake via B3p, as well as an increased MetHb formation. Both alterations have been attenuated by pre-treatment with 10 μM Q. These results contribute (1) to elucidate OS-related events in human RBCs, (2) propose Q as natural antioxidant to counteract OS-related alterations, and (3) identify B3p as a possible target for the treatment and prevention of OS-related disease conditions or aging-related complications impacting on RBCs physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caruso
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology, Papardo Hospital, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falliti
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology, Papardo Hospital, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kim S, Song SH, Lee CW, Kwon JT, Park EY, Oh JK, Kim HJ, Park E, Kim B. Low-Level Environmental Mercury Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Residents Living Near National Industrial Complexes in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Thyroid 2022; 32:1118-1128. [PMID: 35950626 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested that mercury may be linked to thyroid cancer due to its bioaccumulation in the thyroid gland, but no studies have evaluated the association between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk. We examined the relationship between mercury exposure and thyroid cancer risk, with the potential modification of hematological parameters. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study among residents living near industrial complexes in South Korea (recruited from 2003 to 2011). Incident thyroid cancer cases (C73, ICD-10 code) were identified from the National Cancer Registry and Statistics Korea. Urinary mercury concentrations were measured using thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS). Cox proportional hazards regression models (adjusted for age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and employment) were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval [CI] between mercury exposure and the incidence of thyroid cancer. Results: We documented 69 cases of thyroid cancer in a total of 5213 participants during follow-up (median 8.7 years). The geometric mean of urinary mercury concentration was 1.8 μg/L for thyroid cancer cases and 1.2 μg/L for noncases (p for difference = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, those in the highest tertile of urinary mercury levels had a twofold higher risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.97 [CI 1.03 - 3.80] in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile, p for trend = 0.043). This association was stronger for those with lower mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin status. Conclusions: Urinary mercury concentration was positively associated with the risk of thyroid cancer among residents living near national industrial complexes, and this association was influenced by red blood cell indices status. These results provide some evidence suggesting the adverse effects of environmental metal pollution in the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Song
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Lee
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Taek Kwon
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Cancer Big Data Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Park
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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13
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Methodologies and tools to shed light on erythrophagocytosis. Biochimie 2022; 202:166-179. [PMID: 35952949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant circulating cell of the human body. RBC are constantly exposed to multiple stresses in the circulation, leading to molecular and structural impairments and death. The physiological process of RBC senescence or ageing is referred to as eryptosis. At the end of their lifespan, aged RBC are recognized and removed from the blood by professional phagocytes via a phenomenon called erythrophagocytosis (EP); the phagocytosis of RBC. Some genetic and acquired diseases can influence eryptosis, thereby affecting RBC lifespan and leading to hemolytic anemia. In some diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, eryptosis and EP can participate in disease progression with both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Therefore, investigating the process of EP in vivo and in vitro, as well as in different cell types, will not only contribute to the understanding of the physiological steps of EP, but also to the deciphering of the specific mechanisms involving RBC and EP that underlie certain pathologies. In this review, the process of EP is introduced and the different methods for studying EP are discussed together with examples of the experimental procedures and materials required.
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14
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Remigante A, Spinelli S, Straface E, Gambardella L, Caruso D, Falliti G, Dossena S, Marino A, Morabito R. Açaì (Euterpe oleracea) Extract Protects Human Erythrocytes from Age-Related Oxidative Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152391. [PMID: 35954235 PMCID: PMC9368007 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a process characterised by a general decline in physiological functions. The high bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the aging rate. Due to the close relationship between aging and oxidative stress (OS), functional foods rich in flavonoids are excellent candidates to counteract age-related changes. This study aimed to verify the protective role of Açaì extract in a d-Galactose (d-Gal)-induced model of aging in human erythrocytes. Markers of OS, including ROS production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, oxidation of protein sulfhydryl groups, as well as the anion exchange capability through Band 3 protein (B3p) and glycated haemoglobin (A1c) have been analysed in erythrocytes treated with d-Gal for 24 h, with or without pre-incubation for 1 h with 0.5–10 µg/mL Açaì extract. Our results show that the extract avoided the formation of acanthocytes and leptocytes observed after exposure to 50 and 100 mM d-Gal, respectively, prevented d-Gal-induced OS damage, and restored alterations in the distribution of B3p and CD47 proteins. Interestingly, d-Gal exposure was associated with an acceleration of the rate constant of SO42− uptake through B3p, as well as A1c formation. Both alterations have been attenuated by pre-treatment with the Açaì extract. These findings contribute to clarify the aging mechanisms in human erythrocytes and propose functional foods rich in flavonoids as natural antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of OS-related disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Daniele Caruso
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology of Papardo Hospital, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Falliti
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology of Papardo Hospital, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.C.); (G.F.)
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Life-long sports engagement enhances adult erythrocyte adenylate energetics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23759. [PMID: 34887502 PMCID: PMC8660807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity reduces age-related metabolic and functional decline. The energy stored in adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) is essential to enable multiple vital functions of erythrocytes and body tissues. Our study aimed to predict the rate of age-related changes in erythrocyte adenylate energetics in athletes and untrained controls. The erythrocyte concentration of adenylates was measured in 68 elite endurance runners (EN, 20–81 years), 58 elite sprinters (SP, 21–90 years), and 62 untrained individuals (CO, 20–68 years). Resting concentrations of ATP, total adenine nucleotide pool, and ADP/AMP ratio were lowest in the CO group and highest in the SP group. The concentration of erythrocyte ADP and AMP was lowest in the EN group and highest in the CO group. In all studied groups, we found a significant increase in the concentration of most erythrocyte adenylate metabolites with age. For ADP and AMP, the trend was also significant but decreasing. Our study strongly suggests that lifelong sports and physical activity participation supports erythrocyte energetics preservation. Although the direction and the predicted rates of change are similar regardless of the training status, the concentrations of particular metabolites are more advantageous in highly trained athletes than in less active controls. Of the two analyzed types of physical training, sprint-oriented training seems to be more efficient in enhancing erythrocyte metabolism throughout adulthood and old age than endurance training.
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16
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Notariale R, Infantino R, Palazzo E, Manna C. Erythrocytes as a Model for Heavy Metal-Related Vascular Dysfunction: The Protective Effect of Dietary Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6604. [PMID: 34203038 PMCID: PMC8235350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic environmental pollutants associated with severe ecological and human health risks. Among them is mercury (Hg), widespread in air, soil, and water, due to its peculiar geo-biochemical cycle. The clinical consequences of Hg exposure include neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, increased risk for cardiovascular diseases is also reported due to a direct effect on cardiovascular tissues, including endothelial cells, recently identified as important targets for the harmful action of heavy metals. In this review, we will discuss the rationale for the potential use of erythrocytes as a surrogate model to study Hg-related toxicity on the cardiovascular system. The toxic effects of Hg on erythrocytes have been amply investigated in the last few years. Among the observed alterations, phosphatidylserine exposure has been proposed as an underlying mechanism responsible for Hg-induced increased proatherogenic and prothrombotic activity of these cells. Furthermore, following Hg-exposure, a decrease in NOS activity has also been reported, with consequent lowering of NO bioavailability, thus impairing endothelial function. An additional mechanism that may induce a decrease in NO availability is the generation of an oxidative microenvironment. Finally, considering that chronic Hg exposure mainly occurs through contaminated foods, the protective effect of dietary components is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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17
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Balistreri CR. Vascular ageing and the related complications in the brain: New insights on related mechanisms and their translational applications. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111469. [PMID: 33737001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Corso Tukory, 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
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