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Jung YJ, Hosseininasab N, Park J, Hyun S, Jung JK, Kwak JH. Microwave-Promoted Total Synthesis of Puniceloid D for Modulating the Liver X Receptor. Molecules 2024; 29:416. [PMID: 38257329 PMCID: PMC10821398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing global health concern is metabolic syndrome, which is defined by low HDL, diabetes, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Nuclear receptors are attractive targets for treatment of diseases associated with metabolic syndrome. Liver X receptors (LXRs) have become one of the most significant pharmacological targets among nuclear receptors. Multiple research studies emphasize the essential function of the liver X receptor (LXR) in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Puniceloid D, among natural products, demonstrated promising effects on LXRα. However, attempts at the total synthesis of natural products were faced with challenges, including long synthetic steps and low yields, requiring a more efficient approach. In this study, for the first time, we successfully synthesized puniceloid D through a seven-step process and conducted docking studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the interactions involved in the binding of puniceloid D to LXR within different heterodimeric contexts. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome could be improved by these findings, which might assist with the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Narges Hosseininasab
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (N.H.); (J.P.); (S.H.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Jungjin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (N.H.); (J.P.); (S.H.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Soonsil Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (N.H.); (J.P.); (S.H.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (N.H.); (J.P.); (S.H.); (J.-K.J.)
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea; (N.H.); (J.P.); (S.H.); (J.-K.J.)
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Cui Y, Yuan X, Zhao Z, Li C, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Zhang Z. The activation of liver X receptors in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells and mice restricts infection by bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109948. [PMID: 38113573 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is prevalent worldwide and is an important pathogen that represents a serious threat to the development of the cattle industry by causing significant economic losses. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and have become attractive therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we found that LXRs in both Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and mice were associated with BVDV infection. GW3965, an agonist for LXRs, significantly inhibited BVDV RNA and protein levels in MDBK cells. In vivo studies in a mouse model also confirmed the inhibitory role of GW3965 in BVDV replication and the ameliorating effect of GW3965 on pathological injury to the duodenum. In vitro investigations of the potential mechanisms involved showed that GW3965 significantly inhibited BVDV-induced increases in cholesterol levels and viral internalization. Furthermore, the antiviral activity of GW3965 was significantly reduced following cholesterol replenishment, thus demonstrating that cholesterol was involved in the resistance of GW3965 to BVDV replication. Further studies indicated the role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) in the antiviral activity of GW3965. We also demonstrated the significant antiviral effect of 25hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a product of the catalysis of cholesterol by CH25H. In addition, the anti-BVDV effects of demethoxycurcumin (DMC), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), and saikosaponin-A (SSA), three natural agonizts of LXRs, were also confirmed in both MDBK cells and mice. However, the antiviral activities of these agents were weakened by SR9243, a synthetic inhibitor of LXRs. For the first time, our research demonstrated that the activation of LXRs can exert significant anti-BVDV effects in MDBK cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Xueying Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China.
| | - Zecai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China; Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China.
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Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Hjazi A, Ahsan M, Alghamdi MI, Kareem AK, Al-Saidi DN, Qasim MT, Romero-Parra RM, Zabibah RS, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Mustafa YF, Hosseini-Fard SR, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Unraveling the impact of 27-hydroxycholesterol in autoimmune diseases: Exploring promising therapeutic approaches. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154737. [PMID: 37542860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) in autoimmune diseases has become a subject of intense research in recent years. This oxysterol, derived from cholesterol, has been identified as a significant player in modulating immune responses and inflammation. Its involvement in autoimmune pathogenesis has drawn attention to its potential as a therapeutic target for managing autoimmune disorders effectively. 27-OHC, an oxysterol derived from cholesterol, has emerged as a key player in modulating immune responses and inflammatory processes. It exerts its effects through various mechanisms, including activation of nuclear receptors, interaction with immune cells, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Additionally, 27-OHC has been implicated in the dysregulation of lipid metabolism, neurotoxicity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Understanding the intricate interplay between 27-OHC and autoimmune diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, holds promise for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that 27-OHC may interact with specific receptors and transcription factors, thus influencing gene expression and cellular processes in autoimmune disorders. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which 27-OHC influences immune dysregulation and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Further investigations into the molecular pathways and signaling networks involving 27-OHC are warranted to unravel its full potential as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases, thereby offering new avenues for disease intervention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Ahsan
- King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed I Alghamdi
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A K Kareem
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Dahlia N Al-Saidi
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Research group in educational statistics, National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Han N, Yuan M, Yan L, Tang H. Emerging Insights into Liver X Receptor α in the Tumorigenesis and Therapeutics of Human Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1184. [PMID: 37627249 PMCID: PMC10452869 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is identified as a protein activated by ligands that interacts with the promoters of specific genes. It regulates cholesterol, bile acid, and lipid metabolism in normal physiological processes, and it participates in the development of some related diseases. However, many studies have demonstrated that LXRα is also involved in regulating numerous human malignancies. Aberrant LXRα expression is emerging as a fundamental and pivotal factor in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and metastasis. Herein, we outline the expression levels of LXRα between tumor tissues and normal tissues via the Oncomine and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0 databases; summarize emerging insights into the roles of LXRα in the development, progression, and treatment of different human cancers and their diversified mechanisms; and highlight that LXRα can be a biomarker and therapeutic target in diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Yuan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Libo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Deng C, Liu Q, Zhao H, Qian L, Lei W, Yang W, Liang Z, Tian Y, Zhang S, Wang C, Chen Y, Yang Y. Activation of NR1H3 attenuates the severity of septic myocardial injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10517. [PMID: 37206244 PMCID: PMC10189481 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most sepsis deaths are due to the development of multiple organ failure, in which heart failure is a recognized manifestation of sepsis. To date, the role of liver X receptors α (NR1H3) in sepsis is still uncertain. Here, we hypothesized that NR1H3 mediates multiple essential sepsis-related signalings to attenuate septic heart failure. Adult male C57BL/6 or Balbc mice and HL-1 myocardial cell line were performed for in vivo and in vitro experiments, respectively. NR1H3 knockout mice or NR1H3 agonist T0901317 was applied to evaluate the impact of NR1H3 on septic heart failure. We found decreased myocardial expression levels of NR1H3-related molecules while increased NLRP3 level in septic mice. NR1H3 knockout worsensed cardiac dysfunction and injury in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), in association with exacerbated NLRP3-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis-related markers. The administration of T0901317 reduced systemic infection and improve cardiac dysfunction in septic mice. Moreover, Co-IP assays, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, confirmed that NR1H3 directly repressed NLRP3 activity. Finally, RNA-seq detection further clarified an overview of the roles of NR1H3 in sepsis. In general, our findings indicate that NR1H3 had a significant protective effect against sepsis and sepsis-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 Yanta West RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Department of General SurgeryTangdu Hospital, The Airforce Medical University1 Xinsi RoadXi'an710038China
| | - Lu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University1 Jianshe EastZhengzhou450052China
| | - Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 Yanta West RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest University229 Taibai North RoadXi'an710069China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular DiseasesXi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University10 Fengcheng Three RoadXi'an710021China
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Hartmann H, Ho WY, Chang JC, Ling SC. Cholesterol dyshomeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon? FEBS J 2022; 289:7688-7709. [PMID: 34469619 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease, is characterized by the selective degeneration of motor neurons leading to paralysis and eventual death. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, including systemic dysmetabolism, have been proposed to contribute to ALS. Among them, dyslipidemia, i.e., abnormal level of cholesterol and other lipids in the circulation and central nervous system (CNS), has been reported in ALS patients, but without a consensus. Cholesterol is a constituent of cellular membranes and a precursor of steroid hormones, oxysterols, and bile acids. Consequently, optimal cholesterol levels are essential for health. Due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cholesterol cannot move between the CNS and the rest of the body. As such, cholesterol metabolism in the CNS is proposed to operate autonomously. Despite its importance, it remains elusive how cholesterol dyshomeostasis may contribute to ALS. In this review, we aim to describe the current state of cholesterol metabolism research in ALS, identify unresolved issues, and provide potential directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Hartmann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Yun Ho
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jer-Cherng Chang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Liver X Receptor Regulation of Glial Cell Functions in the CNS. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092165. [PMID: 36140266 PMCID: PMC9496004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of liver X receptors (LXRs) in glial cells (microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) in the central nervous system (CNS). LXRs are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors that, in adults, regulate genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, the modulation of inflammatory responses and glutamate homeostasis. The study of LXR knockout mice has revealed that LXRβ plays a key role in maintaining the health of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, large motor neurons in the spinal cord and retinal ganglion cells in the eye. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), LXRβ is responsible for the health of the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea. In addition, LXRs are essential for the homeostasis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in LXRαβ−/− mice, the lateral ventricles are empty and lined with lipid-laden cells. As LXRαβ−/− mice age, lipid vacuoles accumulate in astrocytes surrounding blood vessels. By seven months of age, motor coordination becomes impaired, and there is a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord of LXRβ−/− mice. During development, migration of neurons in the cortex and cerebellum is retarded in LXRβ−/− mice. Since LXRs are not expressed in dopaminergic or motor neurons in adult mice, the neuroprotective effects of LXRs appear to come from LXRs in glial cells where they are expressed. However, despite the numerous neurological deficits in LXR−/− rodents, multiple sclerosis has the clear distinction of being the only human neurodegenerative disease in which defective LXR signaling has been identified. In this review, we summarize the regulation and functions of LXRs in glial cells and analyze how targeting LXRs in glial cells might, in the future, be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases and, perhaps, disorders caused by aberrant neuronal migration during development.
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Manosroi W, Phudphong P, Atthakomol P, Phimphilai M. The differences of serum lipid profiles between primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 36045354 PMCID: PMC9429522 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The data on lipid profile differences between primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH) patients are inconsistent and inconclusive. Most studies reported lower levels of lipid profiles in PA than in EH. This meta-analysis aimed to explore differences in serum lipid profiles including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL levels in PA patients and EH patients. METHODS A search of published studies was performed using PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases from their inception through August 2022. Thirty studies involving 11,175 patients were identified. Inclusion criteria included 1) observational studies which contained data on any of the lipid profiles of interest (TG, TC, LDL and HDL) which could be acquired from baseline data or the outcomes, 2) data which should be compared between adult PA and EH patients and 3) the use of appropriate methods to diagnose PA. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess effect size by using STATA program version 15.0. Risk of bias was assessed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies. RESULTS Levels of the lipid parameters TG (SMD - 0.16 mmol/L; 95%CI (- 0.25, - 0.07)), TC (SMD - 0.30 mmol/L; 95%CI (- 0.41, - 0.19)) and LDL (SMD - 0.17 mmol/L; 95%CI (- 0.27, - 0.08)) were significantly lower in PA than in EH patients. There was no statistically significant difference in HDL between PA and EH patients (SMD - 0.08 mmol/L; 96%CI (- 0.23,0.07)). High levels of heterogeneity for TG, TC, HDL and LDL were observed in all studies. Risk of bias among the studies was low to moderate. CONCLUSION Lower levels of TG, TC and LDL were observed in PA than in EH patients. Further study should be conducted to address the underlying mechanisms of lipid alteration in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intrawarorot Road Soi 2, Si Phum, Amphoe Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Pitchaporn Phudphong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intrawarorot Road Soi 2, Si Phum, Amphoe Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pichitchai Atthakomol
- Orthopaedics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mattabhorn Phimphilai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intrawarorot Road Soi 2, Si Phum, Amphoe Mueang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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10
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Griffiths WJ, Wang Y. Sterols, Oxysterols, and Accessible Cholesterol: Signalling for Homeostasis, in Immunity and During Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:723224. [PMID: 34690800 PMCID: PMC8531217 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.723224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we discuss the concept of accessible plasma membrane cholesterol and its involvement as a signalling molecule. Changes in plasma membrane accessible cholesterol, although only being minor in the context of total cholesterol plasma membrane cholesterol and total cell cholesterol, are a key regulator of overall cellular cholesterol homeostasis by the SREBP pathway. Accessible cholesterol also provides the second messenger between patched 1 and smoothened in the hedgehog signalling pathway important during development, and its depletion may provide a mechanism of resistance to microbial pathogens including SARS-CoV-2. We revise the hypothesis that oxysterols are a signalling form of cholesterol, in this instance as a rapidly acting and paracrine version of accessible cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
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11
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Zanotti I, Potì F, Cuchel M. HDL and reverse cholesterol transport in humans and animals: Lessons from pre-clinical models and clinical studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159065. [PMID: 34637925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accept cholesterol from cells and to promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) represents the best characterized antiatherogenic function of HDL. Studies carried out in animal models have unraveled the multiple mechanisms by which these lipoproteins drive cholesterol efflux from macrophages and cholesterol uptake to the liver. Moreover, the influence of HDL composition and the role of lipid transporters have been clarified by using suitable transgenic models or through experimental design employing pharmacological or nutritional interventions. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), an in vitro assay developed to offer a measure of the first step of RCT, has been shown to associate with cardiovascular risk in several human cohorts, supporting the atheroprotective role of RCT in humans as well. However, negative data in other cohorts have raised concerns on the validity of this biomarker. In this review we will present the most relevant data documenting the role of HDL in RCT, as assessed in classical or innovative methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zanotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Potì
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39/F, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Division of Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175311. [PMID: 34500744 PMCID: PMC8434053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use has been growing recently and it is legally consumed in many countries. Cannabis has a variety of phytochemicals including cannabinoids, which might impair the peripheral systems responses affecting inflammatory and immunological pathways. However, the exact signaling pathways that induce these effects need further understanding. The objective of this study is to investigate the serum proteomic profiling in patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) as compared with healthy control subjects. The novelty of our study is to highlight the differentially changes proteins in the serum of CUD patients. Certain proteins can be targeted in the future to attenuate the toxicological effects of cannabis. Blood samples were collected from 20 male individuals: 10 healthy controls and 10 CUD patients. An untargeted proteomic technique employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed in this study to assess the differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis identified a total of 121 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression between CUD patients (experimental group) and healthy individuals (control group). For instance, the serum expression of inactive tyrosine protein kinase PEAK1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 were increased in CUD group. In contrast, the serum expression of transthyretin and serotransferrin were reduced in CUD group. Among these proteins, 55 proteins were significantly upregulated and 66 proteins significantly downregulated in CUD patients as compared with healthy control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) found that these differentially expressed proteins are linked to p38MAPK, interleukin 12 complex, nuclear factor-κB, and other signaling pathways. Our work indicates that the differentially expressed serum proteins between CUD and control groups are correlated to liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (RXR), farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation, and acute phase response signaling.
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13
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Rey M, Kruse MS, Magrini-Huamán RN, Gómez J, Simirgiotis MJ, Tapia A, Feresin GE, Coirini H. Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) Decoction Improves the Hypercholesterolemia and Alters the Expression of LXRs in Rat Liver and Hypothalamus. Metabolites 2021; 11:579. [PMID: 34564396 PMCID: PMC8467473 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet consumption induces hypercholesterolemia. The effect of Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. (Asteraceae) was studied on the levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides, and on the expression of liver X receptors (LXRs) in a hypercholesterolemic model. Adult male rats received a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD; normal diet + bovine fat + cholesterol). After 14 days, rats received water (W) or a decoction of the aerial parts of T. absinthioides (Ta; 10% w/v) for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Four and six weeks of Ta improved the levels of TC and HDL-c in HFD. After 6 weeks of Ta, the expression of LXRs in HFD was the same as that in ND in both tissues. The Ta chemical profile was studied with an ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography Orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS/MS). Fifty-one compounds were identified, of which twelve are reported for the first time. Among these compounds, caffeoylquinic acid and its derivatives could modify the lipid profile and the expression of LXRs. This is the first in vivo report of T. absinthioides, which may be a potential candidate against hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rey
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
| | - María S Kruse
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
| | - Rocío N Magrini-Huamán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Av. José Ignacio de la Roza 1516, San Juan 5400, Argentina
| | - Jessica Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Mario J Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan (UNSJ), Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CABA, Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Argentina
| | - Héctor Coirini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) C1428ADN, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Argentina
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14
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Dash R, Mitra S, Ali MC, Oktaviani DF, Hannan MA, Choi SM, Moon IS. Phytosterols: Targeting Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:383-401. [PMID: 32600224 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200628022812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived sterols, phytosterols, are well known for their cholesterol-lowering activity in serum and their anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, phytosterols have received considerable attention due to their beneficial effects on various non-communicable diseases, and recommended use as daily dietary components. The signaling pathways mediated in the brain by phytosterols have been evaluated, but little is known about their effects on neuroinflammation, and no clinical studies have been undertaken on phytosterols of interest. In this review, we discuss the beneficial roles of phytosterols, including their attenuating effects on inflammation, blood cholesterol levels, and hallmarks of the disease, and their regulatory effects on neuroinflammatory disease pathways. Despite recent advancements made in phytosterol pharmacology, some critical questions remain unanswered. Therefore, we have tried to highlight the potential of phytosterols as viable therapeutics against neuroinflammation and to direct future research with respect to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Plasma Bio-display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul-01897, Korea
| | - Md Chayan Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-38066, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
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15
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Samadi A, Sabuncuoglu S, Samadi M, Isikhan SY, Chirumbolo S, Peana M, Lay I, Yalcinkaya A, Bjørklund G. A Comprehensive Review on Oxysterols and Related Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:110-136. [PMID: 32175830 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200316142659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review aims to provide a complete and comprehensive summary of current literature relevant to oxysterols and related diseases. Oxidation of cholesterol leads to the formation of a large number of oxidized products, generally known as oxysterols. They are intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although oxysterols are considered as metabolic intermediates, there is a growing body of evidence that many of them are bioactive, and their absence or excess may be part of the cause of a disease phenotype. These compounds derive from either enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol. This study provides comprehensive information about the structures, formation, and types of oxysterols even when involved in certain disease states, focusing on their effects on metabolism and linkages with these diseases. The role of specific oxysterols as mediators in various disorders, such as degenerative (age-related) and cancer-related disorders, has now become clearer. Oxysterol levels may be employed as suitable markers for the diagnosis of specific diseases or in predicting the incidence rate of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, lung cancer, breast cancer, and infertility. However, further investigations may be required to confirm these mentioned possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Samadi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Suna Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahshid Samadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Selen Yilmaz Isikhan
- Vocational Higher School of Social Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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16
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Li M, Yang T, Gao L, Xu H. An inadvertent issue of human retina exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: A safety assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128484. [PMID: 33022499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a group of chemical compounds that present a considerable public health problem due to their pervasiveness and associations with chronic diseases. EDCs can interrupt the endocrine system and interfere with hormone homeostasis, leading to abnormalities in human physiology. Much attention has been focused on the adverse effects EDCs have on the reproductive system, neurogenesis, neuroendocrine system, and thyroid dysfunction. The eye is usually directly exposed to the surrounding environment; however, the influences of EDCs on the eye have received comparatively little attention. Ocular diseases, such as ocular surface diseases and retinal diseases, have been implicated in hormone deficiency or excess. Epidemiologic studies have shown that EDC exposure not only causes ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye, but also associates with visual deficits and retinopathy. EDCs can pass through the human blood-retinal barrier and enter the neural retina, and can then accumulate in the retina. The retina is an embryologic extension of the central nervous system, and is extremely sensitive and vulnerable to EDCs that could be passed across the placenta during critical periods of retinal development. Subtle alterations in the retinal development process usually result in profound immediate, long-term, and delayed effects late in life. This review, based on extensive literature survey, briefly summarizes the current knowledge about the impact of representative manufactured EDCs on retinal toxicity, including retinal structure alterations and dysfunction. We also highlight the potential mechanism of action of EDCs on the retina, and the predictive retinal models of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cold Environmental Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Bottalico LN, Weljie AM. Cross-species physiological interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals with the circadian clock. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113650. [PMID: 33166531 PMCID: PMC7993548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are endocrine-active chemical pollutants that disrupt reproductive, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic health across species. The circadian clock is a transcriptional oscillator responsible for entraining 24-hour rhythms of physiology, behavior and metabolism. Extensive bidirectional cross talk exists between circadian and endocrine systems and circadian rhythmicity is present at all levels of endocrine control, from synthesis and release of hormones, to sensitivity of target tissues to hormone action. In mammals, a range of hormones directly alter clock gene expression and circadian physiology via nuclear receptor (NR) binding and subsequent genomic action, modulating physiological processes such as nutrient and energy metabolism, stress response, reproductive physiology and circadian behavioral rhythms. The potential for EDCs to perturb circadian clocks or circadian-driven physiology is not well characterized. For this reason, we explore evidence for parallel endocrine and circadian disruption following EDC exposure across species. In the reviewed studies, EDCs dysregulated core clock and circadian rhythm network gene expression in brain and peripheral organs, and altered circadian reproductive, behavioral and metabolic rhythms. Circadian impacts occurred in parallel to endocrine and metabolic alterations such as impaired fertility and dysregulated metabolic and energetic homeostasis. Further research is warranted to understand the nature of interaction between circadian and endocrine systems in mediating physiological effects of EDC exposure at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Duez H, Pourcet B. Nuclear Receptors in the Control of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:630536. [PMID: 33716981 PMCID: PMC7947301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.630536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense specialized in the clearing of invaders whether foreign elements like microbes or self-elements that accumulate abnormally including cellular debris. Inflammasomes are master regulators of the innate immune system, especially in macrophages, and are key sensors involved in maintaining cellular health in response to cytolytic pathogens or stress signals. Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic complexes typically composed of a sensor molecule such as NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs), an adaptor protein including ASC and an effector protein such as caspase 1. Upon stimulation, inflammasome complex components associate to promote the cleavage of the pro-caspase 1 into active caspase-1 and the subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-18 and IL-1β. Deficiency or overactivation of such important sensors leads to critical diseases including Alzheimer diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, cancers, acute liver diseases, and cardiometabolic diseases. Inflammasomes are tightly controlled by a two-step activation regulatory process consisting in a priming step, which activates the transcription of inflammasome components, and an activation step which leads to the inflammasome complex formation and the subsequent cleavage of pro-IL1 cytokines. Apart from the NF-κB pathway, nuclear receptors have recently been proposed as additional regulators of this pathway. This review will discuss the role of nuclear receptors in the control of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the putative beneficial effect of new modulators of inflammasomes in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including colitis, fulminant hepatitis, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion and brain diseases.
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19
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Lorvellec M, Pellegata AF, Maestri A, Turchetta C, Alvarez Mediavilla E, Shibuya S, Jones B, Scottoni F, Perocheau DP, Cozmescu AC, Delhove JM, Kysh D, Gjinovci A, Counsell JR, Heywood WE, Mills K, McKay TR, De Coppi P, Gissen P. An In Vitro Whole-Organ Liver Engineering for Testing of Genetic Therapies. iScience 2020; 23:101808. [PMID: 33305175 PMCID: PMC7708813 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Explosion of gene therapy approaches for treating rare monogenic and common liver disorders created an urgent need for disease models able to replicate human liver cellular environment. Available models lack 3D liver structure or are unable to survive in long-term culture. We aimed to generate and test a 3D culture system that allows long-term maintenance of human liver cell characteristics. The in vitro whole-organ "Bioreactor grown Artificial Liver Model" (BALM) employs a custom-designed bioreactor for long-term 3D culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hiHEPs) in a mouse decellularized liver scaffold. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) and lentiviral (LV) vectors were introduced by intravascular injection. Substantial AAV and LV transgene expression in the BALM-grown hiHEPs was detected. Measurement of secreted proteins in the media allowed non-invasive monitoring of the system. We demonstrated that humanized whole-organ BALM is a valuable tool to generate pre-clinical data for investigational medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Lorvellec
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alessandro Filippo Pellegata
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research & Teaching Department, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Alice Maestri
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chiara Turchetta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Elena Alvarez Mediavilla
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Soichi Shibuya
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research & Teaching Department, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Brendan Jones
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research & Teaching Department, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Federico Scottoni
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research & Teaching Department, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dany P. Perocheau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrei Claudiu Cozmescu
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Juliette M. Delhove
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Daniel Kysh
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Asllan Gjinovci
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John R. Counsell
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tristan R. McKay
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research & Teaching Department, Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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20
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Zhao L, Lei W, Deng C, Wu Z, Sun M, Jin Z, Song Y, Yang Z, Jiang S, Shen M, Yang Y. The roles of liver X receptor α in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4807-4828. [PMID: 33305467 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα; also known as NR1H3), an isoform of LXRs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and plays essential roles in the transcriptional control of cholesterol homeostasis. Previous in-depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models with deficient LXRα have also demonstrated various physiological functions of this receptor within inflammatory responses. LXRα activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions resulting in the modulation and the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. The tight "repercussions" between LXRα and inflammation, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, have suggested that LXRα could be pharmacologically targeted in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of LXRα in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will help in the design of future experimental researches on the potential of LXRα and advance the investigation of LXRα as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Branch of National Clinical Reasearch Center of Geriatrics Disease, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Buñay J, Fouache A, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Zhu Z, Kocer A, Morel L, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Screening for liver X receptor modulators: Where are we and for what use? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3277-3293. [PMID: 33080050 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that are canonically activated by oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since the mid-90s, numerous groups have identified LXRs as endocrine receptors that are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions. As a result, when their expression is genetically modified in mice, phenotypic analyses reveal endocrine disorders ranging from infertility to diabetes and obesity, nervous system pathologies such Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, immunological disturbances, inflammatory response, and enhancement of tumour development. Based on such findings, it appears that LXRs could constitute good pharmacological targets to prevent and/or to treat these diseases. This review discusses the various aspects of LXR drug discovery, from the tools available for the screening of potential LXR modulators to the current situational analysis of the drugs in development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Bouchareb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhekun Zhu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvere Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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22
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Holota H, Thirouard L, Monrose M, Garcia M, De Haze A, Saru JP, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. FXRα modulates leydig cell endocrine function in mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110995. [PMID: 32827571 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis exert a major control over endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis corresponds to a cascade with the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the synthesis and the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary. The LH signaling pathway controls the steroidogenic activity of the Leydig cells via the activation of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. In order to avoid a runaway system, sex steroids exert a negative feedback within hypothalamus and pituitary. Testicular steroidogenesis is locally controlled within Leydig cells. The present work reviews some local regulations of steroidogenesis within the Leydig cells focusing mainly on the roles of the Farnesoid-X-Receptor-alpha and its interactions with several orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Further studies are required to reinforce our knowledge of the regulation of testicular endocrine function, which is necessary to ensure a better understanding of fertility disorders and then proposed an adequate treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Holota
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Thirouard
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mélusine Monrose
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manon Garcia
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saru
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR-6293, GReD, F-63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Moradifard S, Hoseinbeyki M, Emam MM, Parchiniparchin F, Ebrahimi-Rad M. Association of the Sp1 binding site and -1997 promoter variations in COL1A1 with osteoporosis risk: The application of meta-analysis and bioinformatics approaches offers a new perspective for future research. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108339. [PMID: 33339581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by several genetic markers. Many studies have examined the link between the Sp1 binding site +1245 G > T (rs1800012) and -1997 G > T (rs1107946) variations in the COL1A1 gene with osteoporosis risk. However, the findings of these studies have been contradictory; therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to aggregate additional information and obtain increased statistical power to more efficiently estimate this correlation. A meta-analysis was conducted with studies published between 1991-2020 that were identified by a systematic electronic search of the Scopus and Clarivate Analytics databases. Studies with bone mineral density (BMD) data and complete genotypes of the single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) for the overall and postmenopausal female population were included in this meta-analysis and analyzed using the R metaphor package. A relationship between rs1800012 and significantly decreased BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was found in individuals carrying the "ss" versus the "SS" genotype in the overall population according to a random effects model (p < 0.0001). Similar results were also found in the postmenopausal female population (p = 0.003 and 0.0002, respectively). Such findings might be an indication of increased osteoporosis risk in both studied groups in individuals with the "ss" genotype. Although no association was identified between the -1997 G > T and low BMD in the overall population, those individuals with the "GT" genotype showed a higher level of BMD than those with "GG" in the subgroup analysis (p = 0.007). To determine which transcription factor (TF) might bind to the -1997 G > T in COL1A1, 45 TFs were identified based on bioinformatics predictions. According to the GSE35958 microarray dataset, 16 of 45 TFs showed differential expression profiles in osteoporotic human mesenchymal stem cells relative to normal samples from elderly donors. By identifying candidate TFs for the -1997 G > T site, our study offers a new perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Emam
- Rheumatology Ward, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
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Balgoma D, Zelleroth S, Grönbladh A, Hallberg M, Pettersson C, Hedeland M. Anabolic androgenic steroids exert a selective remodeling of the plasma lipidome that mirrors the decrease of the de novo lipogenesis in the liver. Metabolomics 2020; 16:12. [PMID: 31925559 PMCID: PMC6954146 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) is a source of public concern because of their adverse effects. Supratherapeutic doses of AASs are known to be hepatotoxic and regulate the lipoproteins in plasma by modifying the metabolism of lipids in the liver, which is associated with metabolic diseases. However, the effect of AASs on the profile of lipids in plasma is unknown. OBJECTIVES To describe the changes in the plasma lipidome exerted by AASs and to discuss these changes in the light of previous research about AASs and de novo lipogenesis in the liver. METHODS We treated male Wistar rats with supratherapeutic doses of nandrolone decanoate and testosterone undecanoate. Subsequently, we isolated the blood plasma and performed lipidomics analysis by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS Lipid profiling revealed a decrease of sphingolipids and glycerolipids with palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids. In addition, lipid profiling revealed an increase in free fatty acids and glycerophospholipids with odd-numbered chain fatty acids and/or arachidonic acid. CONCLUSION The lipid profile presented herein reports the imprint of AASs on the plasma lipidome, which mirrors the downregulation of de novo lipogenesis in the liver. In a broader perspective, this profile will help to understand the influence of androgens on the lipid metabolism in future studies of diseases with dysregulated lipogenesis (e.g. type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Balgoma
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala Biomedicinska Centrum BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Zelleroth
- The Beijer Laboratory, Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Biological Research on Drug Dependence, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Pettersson
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Liver X Receptors and Male (In)fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215379. [PMID: 31671745 PMCID: PMC6862486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors acting as ‘cholesterol sensors’ to regulate lipid homeostasis in cells. The two isoforms, LXRα (NR1H3) and LXRβ (NR1H2), are differentially expressed, with the former expressed predominantly in metabolically active tissues and the latter more ubiquitously. Both are activated by oxidised cholesterol metabolites, endogenously produced oxysterols. LXRs have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus a number of newly emerging roles. They are implicated in regulating lipid balance in normal male reproductive function and may provide a link between male infertility and lipid disorders and/or obesity. Studies from Lxr knockout mouse models provide compelling evidence to support this. More recently published data suggest distinct and overlapping roles of the LXR isoforms in the testis and recent evidence of a role for LXRs in human male fertility. This review summarises the current literature and explores the likely link between LXR, lipid metabolism and male fertility as part of a special issue on Liver X receptors in International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
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26
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Chang RC, Thomas KN, Bedi YS, Golding MC. Programmed increases in LXRα induced by paternal alcohol use enhance offspring metabolic adaptation to high-fat diet induced obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 30:161-172. [PMID: 31767168 PMCID: PMC6807343 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paternally inherited alterations in epigenetic programming are emerging as relevant factors in numerous disease states, including the growth and metabolic defects observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In rodents, chronic paternal alcohol use induces fetal growth restriction, as well as sex-specific alterations in insulin signaling and lipid homeostasis in the offspring. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the observed metabolic irregularities are the consequence of paternally inherited alterations liver x receptor (LXR) activity. Methods Male offspring of alcohol-exposed sires were challenged with a high-fat diet and the molecular pathways controlling glucose and lipid homeostasis assayed for LXR-induced alterations. Results Similar to findings in studies employing LXR agonists we found that the male offspring of alcohol-exposed sires display resistance to diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis when challenged with a high-fat diet. This improved metabolic adaptation is mediated by LXRα trans-repression of inflammatory cytokines, releasing IKKβ inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway. Interestingly, paternally programmed increases in LXRα expression are liver-specific and do not manifest in the pancreas or visceral fat. Conclusions These studies identify LXRα as a key mediator of the long-term metabolic alterations induced by preconception paternal alcohol use. Chronic paternal alcohol use induces up-regulation of LXRα in the male offspring. Male offspring of alcohol-exposed fathers are protected from diet-induced obesity. Paternally-inherited up-regulation of LXRα only manifests in the liver. Improved metabolic adaptation is linked to LXRα suppression of cytokine production. Male offspring exhibit the same phenotypes observed in studies of LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Chang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kara N Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yudhishtar S Bedi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael C Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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27
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Duc D, Vigne S, Pot C. Oxysterols in Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184522. [PMID: 31547302 PMCID: PMC6770630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a member of the sterol family that plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized into several molecules including bile acids, hormones, and oxysterols. Studies from the last few decades have demonstrated that oxysterols are not only active metabolites but are further involved in the modulation of immune responses. Liver X Receptors (LXRs), nuclear receptors for oxysterols, are important for cholesterol homeostasis and regulation of inflammatory response but are still poorly characterized during autoimmune diseases. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of oxysterols during autoimmune conditions and focus on the implication of LXR-dependent and LXR-independent pathways. We further highlight the importance of these pathways in particular during central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in both experimental models and human studies. Finally, we discuss our vision about future applications and research on oxysterols related to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Duc
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center and Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Solenne Vigne
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center and Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center and Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Moore ES, Daugherity EK, Karambizi DI, Cummings BP, Behling-Kelly E, Schaefer DMW, Southard TL, McFadden JW, Weiss RS. Sex-specific hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism alterations in Fancd2-deficient mice following dietary challenge. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15623-15637. [PMID: 31434739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA damage-response pathway result in genomic instability, developmental defects, hematopoietic failure, cancer predisposition, and metabolic disorders. The endogenous sources of damage contributing to FA phenotypes and the links between FA and metabolic disease remain poorly understood. Here, using mice lacking the Fancd2 gene, encoding a central FA pathway component, we investigated whether the FA pathway protects against metabolic challenges. Fancd2 -/- and wildtype (WT) mice were fed a standard diet (SD), a diet enriched in fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid (Paigen diet), or a diet enriched in lipid alone (high-fat diet (HFD)). Fancd2 -/- mice developed hepatobiliary disease and exhibited decreased survival when fed a Paigen diet but not a HFD. Male Paigen diet-fed mice lacking Fancd2 had significant biliary hyperplasia, increased serum bile acid concentration, and increased hepatic pathology. In contrast, female mice were similarly impacted by Paigen diet feeding regardless of Fancd2 status. Upon Paigen diet challenge, male Fancd2 -/- mice had altered expression of genes encoding hepatic bile acid transporters and cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism proteins, including Scp2/x, Abcg5/8, Abca1, Ldlr, Srebf1, and Scd-1 Untargeted lipidomic profiling in liver tissue revealed 132 lipid species, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids, that differed significantly in abundance depending on Fancd2 status in male mice. We conclude that the FA pathway has sex-specific impacts on hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism, findings that expand the known functions of the FA pathway and may provide mechanistic insight into the metabolic disease predisposition in individuals with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Moore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Erin K Daugherity
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.,Center for Animal Resources and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - David I Karambizi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Deanna M W Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Joseph W McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Robert S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Mouzat K, Chudinova A, Polge A, Kantar J, Camu W, Raoul C, Lumbroso S. Regulation of Brain Cholesterol: What Role Do Liver X Receptors Play in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3858. [PMID: 31398791 PMCID: PMC6720493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXR) alpha and beta are two members of nuclear receptor superfamily documented as endogenous cholesterol sensors. Following conversion of cholesterol in oxysterol, both LXR isoforms detect intracellular concentrations and act as transcription factors to promote expression of target genes. Among their numerous physiological roles, they act as central cholesterol-lowering factors. In the central nervous system (CNS), cholesterol has been shown to be an essential determinant of brain function, particularly as a major constituent of myelin and membranes. In the brain, LXRs act as cholesterol central regulators, and, beyond this metabolic function, LXRs have additional roles such as providing neuroprotective effects and lowering neuroinflammation. In many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), dysregulations of cholesterol and oxysterol have been reported. In this paper, we propose to focus on recent advances in the knowledge of the LXRs roles on brain cholesterol and oxysterol homeostasis, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and their putative involvement in neurodegenerative disorders. We will discuss their potential use as candidates for both molecular diagnosis and as promising pharmacological targets in the treatment of ALS, AD, or MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mouzat
- Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Nimes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France.
| | - Aleksandra Chudinova
- Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Nimes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Anne Polge
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - Jovana Kantar
- Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Nimes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - William Camu
- ALS Reference Center, Montpellier University Hospital and University of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, Inserm UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Nimes University Hospital, 30029 Nîmes, France
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Retinal and optic nerve degeneration in liver X receptor β knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16507-16512. [PMID: 31371497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904719116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is an extension of the brain. Like the brain, neurodegeneration of the retina occurs with age and is the cause of several retinal diseases including optic neuritis, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are expressed in the brain where they play a key role in maintenance of cerebrospinal fluid and the health of dopaminergic neurons. Herein, we report that LXRs are expressed in the retina and optic nerve and that loss of LXRβ, but not LXRα, leads to loss of ganglion cells in the retina. In the retina of LXRβ-/- mice, there is an increase in amyloid A4 and deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates but no change in the level of apoptosis or autophagy in the ganglion cells and no activation of microglia or astrocytes. However, in the optic nerve there is a loss of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in astrocytes and an increase in activation of microglia. Since loss of AQP4 and microglial activation in the optic nerve precedes the loss of ganglion cells, and accumulation of Aβ in the retina, the cause of the neuronal loss appears to be optic nerve degeneration. In patients with optic neuritis there are frequently AQP4 autoantibodies which block the function of AQP4. LXRβ-/- mouse is another model of optic neuritis in which AQP4 antibodies are not detectable, but AQP4 function is lost because of reduction in its expression.
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Fouache A, Zabaiou N, De Joussineau C, Morel L, Silvente-Poirot S, Namsi A, Lizard G, Poirot M, Makishima M, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA, Trousson A. Flavonoids differentially modulate liver X receptors activity-Structure-function relationship analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:173-182. [PMID: 30959154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) α (NR1H3) and β (NR1H2) are nuclear receptors that have been involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, principally in the control of cholesterol homeostasis, as well as in the control of the cell death and proliferation balance. These receptors are thus promising therapeutic targets in various pathologies such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes and/or cancers. These receptors are known to be activated by specific oxysterol compounds. The screening for LXR-specific ligands is a challenging process: indeed, these molecules should present a specificity towards each LXR-isoform. Because some natural products have significant effects in the regulation of the LXR-regulated homeostasis and are enriched in flavonoids, we have decided to test in cell culture the effects of 4 selected flavonoids (galangin, quercetin, apigenin and naringenin) on the modulation of LXR activity using double-hybrid experiments. In silico, molecular docking suggests specific binding pattern between agonistic and antagonistic molecules. Altogether, these results allow a better understanding of the ligand binding pocket of LXRα/β. They also improve our knowledge about flavonoid mechanism of action, allowing the selection and development of better LXR selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Nada Zabaiou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Université Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, 18000, Jijel, Algeria.
| | - Cyrille De Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | - Amira Namsi
- University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, UR/11ES09, Lab. 'Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology', 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team Bio-peroxIL, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" (EA7270)/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Broom DR, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Shirvani H. Effects of exercise on reverse cholesterol transport: A systemized narrative review of animal studies. Life Sci 2019; 224:139-148. [PMID: 30922848 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCTr) is the mechanism by which excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for hepatobiliary excretion, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis. Exercise affects RCTr, by influencing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) through remodeling and by promoting hepatobiliary sterol excretion. The objectives of this systematized review of animal studies is to summarize the literature and provide an overview of the effects of chronic exercise (at least two weeks) on apolipoproteins (Apo A-I, Apo-E), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG4, ABCG5, ABCG8), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies conducted from the earliest available date to August 2018. KEY FINDINGS Most of studies investigate the effects of low to moderate intensity aerobic training on RCTr elements. The majority were on exercised rats undertaking moderate intensity aerobic training. SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights that moderate intensity and longer-term training has a greater effect on RCTr elements than low intensity training. There a few studies examining high intensity training which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Robert Broom
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ma L, Nelson ER. Oxysterols and nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 484:42-51. [PMID: 30660701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are derivatives of cholesterol and an important regulator of cholesterol metabolism, in part due to their role as ligands for nuclear receptors, such as the liver X receptors. Oxysterols are also known to be ligands for the RAR-related orphan receptors, involved in normal T cell differentiation. However, increasing evidence supports a role for oxysterols in the progression of several diseases. Here, we review recent developments in oxysterol research, highlighting the biological functions that oxysterols exert through their target nuclear receptors: the liver X receptors, estrogen receptors, RAR-related orphan receptors and the glucocorticoid receptor. We also bring the regulation of the immune system into the context of interaction between oxysterols and nuclear receptors, discussing the effect of such interaction on the pro-inflammatory function of macrophages and the development of T cells. Finally, we examine the impact that oxysterols have on various disease models, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis, stressing the role of nuclear receptors if previously identified. This review underscores the need to consider the multifaceted roles of oxysterols in terms of multiple receptor engagements and selective modulation of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Ma
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States.
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Berends AMA, Buitenwerf E, Gruppen EG, Sluiter WJ, Bakker SJL, Connelly MA, Kerstens MN, Dullaart RPF. Primary aldosteronism is associated with decreased low-density and high-density lipoprotein particle concentrations and increased GlycA, a pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:79-87. [PMID: 30372543 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism (PA) may confer increased cardiovascular risk beyond effects on systemic blood pressure, but contributing mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We compared plasma (apo)lipoproteins and lipoprotein particle characteristics, GlycA, a pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker of enhanced chronic inflammation, and plasma total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, between patients with PA, control subjects without hypertension, subjects with untreated hypertension and subjects with treated hypertension. METHODS Twenty PA patients were individually matched with 2819 control subjects without hypertension, 501 subjects with untreated hypertension and 878 subjects with treated hypertension participating in the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease) cohort study with respect to age, sex, body mass index, smoking and statin use. The Vantera® Clinical Analyzer was used to determine NMR-based laboratory parameters. RESULTS Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) B, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), LDL particle and HDL particle concentrations were all decreased in PA subjects vs control subjects and subjects with untreated hypertension (P < 0.016). Triglycerides (TG) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) concentrations were lower in PA subjects vs subjects with (untreated) hypertension. GlycA was increased in PA vs the three comparator groups (P < 0.016). Total BCAA concentrations were unaltered in PA. CONCLUSIONS Primary aldosteronism is associated with lower concentrations of LDL and HDL particles and to some extent also with lower TG and TRL particle concentrations. PA is also characterized by increased GlycA levels, indicating enhanced low-grade chronic inflammation. Low HDL particle concentrations and increased GlycA could contribute to accelerated cardiovascular disease development in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M A Berends
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Buitenwerf
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Sluiter
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings (LabCorp), Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michiel N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dalla Valle A, Vertongen P, Spruyt D, Lechanteur J, Suain V, Gaspard N, Brion JP, Gangji V, Rasschaert J. Induction of Stearoyl-CoA 9-Desaturase 1 Protects Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity and Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:726. [PMID: 31708874 PMCID: PMC6822410 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In bone diseases such as osteonecrosis and osteoporosis, a shift toward a preferential differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) into adipocytes at the expense of the osteoblastic lineage is described, leading to excessive accumulation of adipocytes in the bone marrow of the patients. The influence of cytokines and adipokines secreted by adipocytes on skeletal health is already well-documented but the impact of free fatty acids release on bone cell biology and viability is an emerging concept. We have previously demonstrated that the saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitate (Palm) is cytotoxic for human MSC (hMSC) and osteoblasts whereas oleate (Ole), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), has no toxic effect. Moreover, Ole protects cells against lipotoxicity. Our observations led us to propose that the toxicity of the SFA is not correlated to its intracellular accumulation but could rather be related to the intracellular SFA/MUFA ratio, which finally determines the toxic effect of SFA. Therefore, in the present study, we have investigated the potential protective role of the enzyme stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase 1 (SCD1) against the deleterious effects of Palm. SCD1 is an enzyme responsible for desaturation of SFA to MUFA; its activation could therefore lead to modifications of the intracellular SFA/MUFA ratio. In the present study, we showed that hMSC express SCD1 and liver X receptors (LXRs), transcription factors regulating SCD1 expression. Human MSC treatment with a LXRs agonist triggered SCD1 expression and drastically reduced Palm-induced cell mortality, caspases 3/7 activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. We also observed that, in the presence of Palm, the LXRs agonist provoked lipid droplets formation, augmented the total cellular neutral lipid content but decreased the SFA/MUFA ratio when compared to Palm treatment alone. Addition of an inhibitor of SCD1 activity abrogated the positive effects of the LXRs agonist, suggesting that SCD1 could play a key role in protecting hMSC against lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Dalla Valle
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Vertongen
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Spruyt
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Suain
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gaspard
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Gangji
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanne Rasschaert
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Joanne Rasschaert
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Buñay J, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. LXRs are finally being adequately targeted in atherosclerosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:S28. [PMID: 30613603 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Cariello M, Ducheix S, Maqdasy S, Baron S, Moschetta A, Lobaccaro JMA. LXRs, SHP, and FXR in Prostate Cancer: Enemies or Ménage à Quatre With AR? NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2018; 15:1550762918801070. [PMID: 30718981 PMCID: PMC6348739 DOI: 10.1177/1550762918801070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and androgen receptor (AR, NR3C4) clearly play a crucial role in
prostate cancer progression. Besides, the link between metabolic disorders and
the risk of developing a prostate cancer has been emerging these last years.
Interestingly, “lipid” nuclear receptors such as LXRα/NR1H3 and LXRβ/NR1H2 (as
well as FXRα/NR1H4 and SHP/NR0B2) have been described to decrease the lipid
metabolism, while AR increases it. Moreover, these former orphan nuclear
receptors can regulate androgen levels and modulate AR activity. Thus, it is not
surprising to find such receptors involved in the physiology of prostate. This
review is focused on the roles of liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptor
(FXR), and small heterodimeric partner (SHP) in prostate physiology and their
capabilities to interfere with the androgen-regulated pathways by modulating the
levels of active androgen within the prostate. By the use of prostate cancer
cell lines, mice deficient for these nuclear receptors and human tissue
libraries, several authors have pointed out the putative possibility to
pharmacologically target these receptors. These data open a new field of
research for the development of new drugs that could overcome the castration
resistance in prostate cancer, a usual phenomenon in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Oncologico "Giovanni Paolo II," Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bousset L, Rambur A, Fouache A, Bunay J, Morel L, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Trousson A, de Joussineau C. New Insights in Prostate Cancer Development and Tumor Therapy: Modulation of Nuclear Receptors and the Specific Role of Liver X Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2545. [PMID: 30154328 PMCID: PMC6164771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence has been dramatically increasing these last years in westernized countries. Though localized PCa is usually treated by radical prostatectomy, androgen deprivation therapy is preferred in locally advanced disease in combination with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, PCa goes into a castration-resistant state in the vast majority of the cases, leading to questions about the molecular mechanisms involving the steroids and their respective nuclear receptors in this relapse. Interestingly, liver X receptors (LXRα/NR1H3 and LXRβ/NR1H2) have emerged as new actors in prostate physiology, beyond their historical roles of cholesterol sensors. More importantly LXRs have been proposed to be good pharmacological targets in PCa. This rational has been based on numerous experiments performed in PCa cell lines and genetic animal models pointing out that using selective liver X receptor modulators (SLiMs) could actually be a good complementary therapy in patients with a castration resistant PCa. Hence, this review is focused on the interaction among the androgen receptors (AR/NR3C4), estrogen receptors (ERα/NR3A1 and ERβ/NR3A2), and LXRs in prostate homeostasis and their putative pharmacological modulations in parallel to the patients' support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amandine Rambur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julio Bunay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Qasimi MI, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. The effects of phytosterols on the sexual behavior and reproductive function in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Poult Sci 2018. [PMID: 28637324 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols (PS) are plant origin sterols naturally found in many foods and added as food additives. Since 1950, PS have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to lower serum cholesterol and inhibit cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent studies have found that PS act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals in laboratory animals. Therefore, this study was aimed at finding the mechanism(s) for PS effects on the sexual behaviors and reproductive functions in male Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). At 15 d of age, 30 male Japanese quails were randomly assigned to 3 groups for the chronic in-vivo experiment. Animals were gavaged daily with single dose of PS suspension (PS dissolved in medium chain triglyceride [MCT]) into the crop sac from 15-100 d of age. Following maturation, a sexual behavior test, semen collection, and test of fertilization ability were performed. Blood was collected by cervical dislocation at 100 day of age for hormones analysis. To observe the direct effects of PS on the testis, interstitial cells of the normal testes were cultured for 24 h. Ovine-LH (O-LH) was used for half of each group to stimulate interstitial cells for testosterone production. The results showed that chronic doses of PS reduced (P < 0.01) mount and copulation behavior in male quails (primarily in the group receiving 800 mg/kg BW). Both acute in vitro and chronic in vivo experiments revealed a reduction in testosterone (P < 0.05) after PS treatments; concomitantly, Leydig cell numbers were also low (P < 0.05) at a dose of 800 mg/kg BW. Real-time PCR results showed lower expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) at the same dose. The results suggested that feeding large amounts of PS reduced testosterone levels and sexual behavior by affecting Leydig cell proliferation, and cholesterol trafficking, 17β-HSD expression in the testes of male Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ibrahim Qasimi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Department of Basic Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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41
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Czarnowicki T, Dohlman AB, Malik K, Antonini D, Bissonnette R, Chan TC, Zhou L, Wen HC, Estrada Y, Xu H, Bryson C, Shen J, Lala D, Ma'ayan A, McGeehan G, Gregg R, Guttman-Yassky E. Effect of short-term liver X receptor activation on epidermal barrier features in mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 120:631-640.e11. [PMID: 29567358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in maintaining epidermal barrier and suppressing inflammatory responses in model systems. The LXR agonist VTP-38543 showed promising results in improving barrier function and inflammatory responses in model systems. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety, tolerability, cellular and molecular changes, and clinical efficacy of the topical VTP-38543 in adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS A total of 104 ambulatory patients with mild to moderate AD were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial between December 2015 and September 2016. VTP-38543 cream in 3 concentrations (0.05%, 0.15%, and 1.0%) or placebo was applied twice daily for 28 days. Pretreatment and posttreatment skin biopsy specimens were obtained from a subset of 33 patients. Changes in SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis, Eczema Area and Severity Index, Investigator's Global Assessment, and tissue biomarkers (by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining) were evaluated. RESULTS Topical VTP-38543 was safe and well tolerated. VTP-38543 significantly increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of epidermal barrier differentiation (loricrin and filaggrin, P = .02) and lipid (adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, P < .01) measures and reduced epidermal hyperplasia markers (thickness, keratin 16 mRNA). VTP-38543 nonsignificantly suppressed cellular infiltrates and down-regulated mRNA expression of several TH17/TH22-related (phosphatidylinositol 3, S100 calcium-binding protein A12) and innate immunity (interleukin 6) markers. CONCLUSION Topical VTP-38543 is safe and well tolerated. Its application led to improvement in barrier differentiation and lipids. Longer-term studies are needed to clarify whether a barrier-based approach can induce meaningful suppression of immune abnormalities. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02655679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School, New York, New York
| | - Kunal Malik
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Diane Antonini
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | | | - Tom C Chan
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Huei-Chi Wen
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Bryson
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Jie Shen
- Allergan plc, Irvine, California
| | - Deepak Lala
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School, New York, New York
| | - Gerard McGeehan
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Richard Gregg
- Vitae Pharmaceuticals Inc, an Allergan affiliate, Irvine, California
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
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42
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Sèdes L, Thirouard L, Maqdasy S, Garcia M, Caira F, Lobaccaro JMA, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Cholesterol: A Gatekeeper of Male Fertility? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:369. [PMID: 30072948 PMCID: PMC6060264 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for mammalian cell functions and integrity. It is an important structural component maintaining the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane. The balance between synthesis and catabolism of cholesterol should be tightly regulated to ensure normal cellular processes. Male reproductive function has been demonstrated to be dependent on cholesterol homeostasis. Here we review data highlighting the impacts of cholesterol homeostasis on male fertility and the molecular mechanisms implicated through the signaling pathways of some nuclear receptors.
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43
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Whitfield M, Guiton R, Rispal J, Acar N, Kocer A, Drevet JR, Saez F. Dyslipidemia alters sperm maturation and capacitation in LXR-null mice. Reproduction 2017; 154:827-842. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (dyslipidemia) are causes of male infertility, but little is known about their impact on male gametes when considering post-testicular maturation events, given that studies concentrate most often on endocrine dysfunctions and testicular consequences. In this study, three-month-old wild-type (wt) and Liver-X-Receptors knock out (Lxrα;β−/−) males were fed four weeks with a control or a lipid-enriched diet containing 1.25% cholesterol (high cholesterol diet (HCD)). The HCD triggered a dyslipidemia leading to sperm post-testicular alterations and infertility. Sperm lipids were analyzed by LC–MS and those fromLxrα;β−/−males fed the HCD showed higher chol/PL and PC/PE ratios compared towt-HCD (P < 0.05) and lower oxysterol contents compared to wt (P < 0.05) orLxrα;β−/−(P < 0.05). These modifications impaired membrane-associated events triggering the tyrosine phosphorylation normally occurring during the capacitation process, as shown by phosphotyrosine Western blots. Using flow cytometry, we showed that a smaller subpopulation of spermatozoa fromLxrα;β−/−-HCD males could raise their membrane fluidity during capacitation (P < 0.05 vswtorwt-HCD) as well as their intracellular calcium concentration (P < 0.05 vsLxrα;β−/−andP < 0.001 vswt). The accumulation of the major sperm calcium efflux pump (PMCA4) was decreased inLxrα;β−/−males fed the HCD (P < 0.05 vsLxrα;β−/−andP < 0.001 vswt). This study is the first showing an impact of dyslipidemia on post-testicular sperm maturation with consequences on the capacitation signaling cascade. It may lead to the identification of fertility prognostic markers in this pathophysiological situation, which could help clinicians to better understand male infertilities which are thus far classified as idiopathic.
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44
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Blass B. Homobispiperidinyl Derivatives as Liver X Receptor Beta Agonists, Compositions, and Their Use. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:783-785. [PMID: 28835786 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blass
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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45
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Huang Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang C, Zhou L, Jia Y, Li X. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ginsenoside Compound K Derivatives as a Novel Class of LXRα Activator. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071232. [PMID: 28737726 PMCID: PMC6152260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound K is one of the active metabolites of Panaxnotoginseng saponins, which could attenuate the formation of atherosclerosis in mice modelsvia activating LXRα. We synthesized and evaluated a series of ginsenoside compound K derivatives modified with short chain fatty acids. All of the structures of this class of ginsenoside compound K derivative exhibited comparable or better biological activity than ginsenoside compound K. Especially structure 1 exhibited the best potency (cholesteryl ester content: 41.51%; expression of ABCA1 mRNA: 319%) and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yingxian Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Chenping Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yi Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China.
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46
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Ouedraogo ZG, Fouache A, Trousson A, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Role of the liver X receptors in skin physiology: Putative pharmacological targets in human diseases. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:59-68. [PMID: 28259649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that have been shown to regulate various physiological functions such as lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. Concordant reports have elicited the possibility to target them to cure many human diseases including arteriosclerosis, cancer, arthritis, and diabetes. The high relevance of modulating LXR activities to treat numerous skin diseases, mainly those with exacerbated inflammation processes, contrasts with the lack of approved therapeutic use. This review makes an assessment to sum up the findings regarding the physiological roles of LXRs in skin and help progress towards the therapeutic and safe management of their activities. It focuses on the possible pharmacological targeting of LXRs to cure or prevent selected skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouedraogo
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Chen M, Yang F, Yang X, Lai X, Gao Y. Systematic Understanding of Mechanisms of a Chinese Herbal Formula in Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome by an Integrated Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122114. [PMID: 27999264 PMCID: PMC5187914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is becoming a worldwide health problem. Wendan decoction (WDD)—a famous traditional Chinese medicine formula—has been extensively employed to relieve syndromes related to MS in clinical practice in China. However, its pharmacological mechanisms still remain vague. In this study, a comprehensive approach that integrated chemomics, principal component analysis, molecular docking simulation, and network analysis was established to elucidate the multi-component and multi-target mechanism of action of WDD in treatment of MS. The compounds in WDD were found to possess chemical diversity, complexity and drug-likeness compared to MS drugs. Six nuclear receptors were obtained to have strong binding affinity with 217 compounds of five herbs in WDD. The importance roles of targets and herbs were also identified due to network parameters. Five compounds from Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata can hit all six targets, which can assist in screening new MS drugs. The pathway network analysis demonstrated that the main pharmacological effects of WDD might lie in maintaining lipid and glucose metabolisms and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. This study provided a comprehensive system approach for understanding the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of WDD during the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Fafu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xuemei Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xinmei Lai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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48
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Mouzat K, Raoul C, Polge A, Kantar J, Camu W, Lumbroso S. Liver X receptors: from cholesterol regulation to neuroprotection-a new barrier against neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3801-8. [PMID: 27510420 PMCID: PMC11108529 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays a central role in numerous nervous system functions. Cholesterol is the major constituent of myelin sheaths, is essential for synapse and dendrite formation, axon guidance as well as neurotransmission. Among regulators of cholesterol homeostasis, liver X receptors (LXRs), two members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, play a determinant role. LXRs act as cholesterol sensors and respond to high intracellular cholesterol concentration by decreasing plasmatic and intracellular cholesterol content. Beyond their cholesterol-lowering role, LXRs have been proposed as regulators of immunity and anti-inflammatory factors. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism combined to neuroinflammatory context have been described in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is characterized by the progressive loss of motoneurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to severe paralytic condition and death of patients in a median time of 3 years. Motoneuron degeneration is accompanied by chronic neuroinflammatory response, involving microglial and astrocytic activation, infiltration of blood-derived immune cells and release of pro-inflammatory factors. We propose to discuss here the role of LXRs as a molecular link between the central nervous system cholesterol metabolism, neuroinflammation, motoneuron survival and their potential as promising therapeutic candidates for ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mouzat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- INSERM UMR1051, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cédric Raoul
- INSERM UMR1051, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Polge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Jovana Kantar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
- INSERM UMR1051, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - William Camu
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM UMR1051, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Neurology Department, ALS Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM UMR1051, The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
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