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Palmeirim AF, Araújo-Fernandes AC, Castro-Fernandes AS, Guedes P, Cassari J, Mata VA, Yoh N, Rocha R, Martínez-Arribas J, Alves-Martins F. Insectivorous bat activity dataset across different land-use types in the Islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, Central West Africa. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e131955. [PMID: 39281305 PMCID: PMC11393485 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background São Tomé and Príncipe oceanic islands, in Central West Africa, are characterised by exceptional levels of endemism. Since human colonisation in the mid-15th century, São Tomé and Príncipe have lost 74% and 67% of their native habitat, respectively. Today, these islands are mainly covered by remaining old-growth forests, secondary regrowth forests, shaded plantations (mostly of cocoa), oil palm plantations (in the case of São Tomé), small-scale agricultural areas and urban areas. Yet, little is known about how species on these islands are coping with land-use changes. Island ecosystems are particularly important for bats, with about 25% of the world's bat species being entirely restricted to island systems. São Tomé and Príncipe Islands comprise six and four native insectivorous bats, respectively. Two species, Chaerephontomensis and Macronycteristhomensis, are island-endemics in São Tomé; Pseudoromiciaprincipis is an island-endemic in Príncipe; and Miniopterusnewtoni is endemic from both São Tomé and Príncipe. Here, we present a dataset comprising a comprehensive compilation of occurrence records derived from acoustic sampling of insectivorous bats across the predominant land-use types of both the São Tomé and Príncipe Islands. In each sampling site, standardised surveys consisted of deploying one Audio Moth device that recorded for 1 minute every 5 minutes over a 48-hour period. We identified a total of 19,437 bat-passes across the 115 sites surveyed in São Tomé Island and 17,837 bat-passes across the 50 sites surveyed in Príncipe Island. New information Based on a sampling effort of 1,584 hours of recordings manually processed to identify all the contained bat passes, this dataset, publicly available on GBIF, provides comprehensive information on the activity of insectivorous bats across two endemic-rich oceanic islands in the Gulf of Guinea. For each bat pass identified, we report the identified species, geographic coordinates, land-use type, altitude, date and time. This is the first public dataset providing detailed information on species-level habitat use for insectivorous bats on oceanic islands in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Palmeirim
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York City, United States of America EcoHealth Alliance New York City United States of America
| | - Ana Catarina Araújo-Fernandes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Castro-Fernandes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
| | - Patricia Guedes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - José Cassari
- Monte Pico Association, Monte Café, São Tomé and Príncipe Monte Pico Association Monte Café São Tomé and Príncipe
| | - Vanessa A Mata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Natalie Yoh
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, Canterbury, United Kingdom Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation Canterbury United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Biology, University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Javier Martínez-Arribas
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Fernanda Alves-Martins
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão Vairão Portugal
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Cox DTC, Gaston KJ. Cathemerality: a key temporal niche. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:329-347. [PMID: 37839797 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day and night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, and it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed and invariant. The term 'cathemeral', was coined in 1987, when Tattersall noted activity in a Madagascan primate during the hours of both daylight and darkness. Initially thought to be rare, cathemerality is now known to be a quite widespread form of time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, and mammals. Herein we provide a synthesis of present understanding of cathemeral behaviour, arguing that it should routinely be included alongside diurnal and nocturnal strategies in schemes that distinguish and categorise species across taxa according to temporal niche. This synthesis is particularly timely because (i) the study of animal activity patterns is being revolutionised by new and improved technologies; (ii) it is becoming apparent that cathemerality covers a diverse range of obligate to facultative forms, each with their own common sets of functional traits, geographic ranges and evolutionary history; (iii) daytime and nighttime activity likely plays an important but currently neglected role in temporal niche partitioning and ecosystem functioning; and (iv) cathemerality may have an important role in the ability of species to adapt to human-mediated pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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Teixeira S, Smeraldo S, Russo D. Unveiling the Potential Distribution of the Highly Threatened Madeira Pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus maderensis): Do Different Evolutionary Significant Units Exist? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:998. [PMID: 37508426 PMCID: PMC10376549 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of islands has played a significant role in shaping the unique evolutionary histories of many species of flora and fauna, including bats. One notable example is the Madeira pipistrelle (Pipistrellus maderensis), which inhabits the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands. Despite the high biogeographic and conservation importance of this species, there is limited information on its ecology and evolutionary history across different archipelagos. In our study, we employed species distribution models (SDMs) to identify suitable habitats for the Madeira pipistrelle and determine the environmental factors influencing its distribution. Additionally, we conducted molecular comparisons using mitochondrial DNA data from various Macaronesian islands. Molecular analyses provided compelling evidence for the presence of distinct Evolutionary Significant Units on the different archipelagos. We identified distinct haplotypes in the populations of Madeira and the Canary Islands, with a genetic distance ranging from a minimum of 2.4% to a maximum of 3.3% between samples from different archipelagos. In support of this, SDMs highlighted relevant dissimilarities between the environmental requirements of the populations of the three archipelagos, particularly the climatic niche. Our research demonstrates that deeper investigations that combine ecological, morphological, and genetic areas are necessary to implement tailored conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Teixeira
- Faculty of Life Sciences (FCV), Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-082 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Sonia Smeraldo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via della Salute, 2, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Russo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Eitan O, Weinberg M, Danilovich S, Barkai Y, Assa R, Yovel Y. Functional daylight echolocation in highly visual bats. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R309-R310. [PMID: 35413254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bats rely on echolocation for operating in dim light or dark conditions. Accordingly, most research on echolocation is performed under dark conditions with a few exceptions. Bat species that emerge to forage before sunset have been shown to use echolocation even in relatively high light levels1-3. It has been argued that for insectivorous bats, as light levels decrease, echolocation rapidly becomes advantageous over vision for detecting tiny insects during dusk or dawn2 and that information from the two sensory modalities is integrated4,5. Functional use of echolocation in broad daylight in insectivorous bats has been scarcely reported6,7. Here, we report functional use of echolocation in broad daylight in highly visual fruit bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofri Eitan
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Maya Weinberg
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sasha Danilovich
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yuval Barkai
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Reut Assa
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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5
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Cox DTC, Gardner AS, Gaston KJ. Diel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1753. [PMID: 33741946 PMCID: PMC7979707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian life shows huge diversity, but most groups remain nocturnal in their activity pattern. A key unresolved question is whether mammal species that have diversified into different diel niches occupy unique regions of functional trait space. For 5,104 extant mammals we show here that daytime-active species (cathemeral or diurnal) evolved trait combinations along different gradients from those of nocturnal and crepuscular species. Hypervolumes of five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet, foraging strata, habitat breadth) reveal that 30% of diurnal trait space is unique, compared to 55% of nocturnal trait space. Almost half of trait space (44%) of species with apparently obligate diel niches is shared with those that can switch, suggesting that more species than currently realised may be somewhat flexible in their activity patterns. Increasingly, conservation measures have focused on protecting functionally unique species; for mammals, protecting functional distinctiveness requires a focus across diel niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - A S Gardner
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - K J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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Vivas-Toro I, Murillo-García OE. Diurnal Flying Activity of a Neotropical Bat (Saccopteryx leptura): Effect of Light Intensity, Temperature, and Canopy Cover. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.1.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Vivas-Toro
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Oscar E. Murillo-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
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Somma AT, Coimbra CM, Lange RR, Moore BA, Montiani-Ferreira F. Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in two species of microchiroptera bats (Artibeus lituratus and Anoura caudifer). Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:61-66. [PMID: 31309723 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish reference values for ophthalmic tests in two bat species. BATS: Fourteen bats including seven great fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus) and seven tailed tailless bats (Anoura caudifer). PROCEDURES Normal values for following ophthalmic tests were investigated as follows: (a) aqueous tear production using the standardized endodontic paper point tear test (EPPTT), (b) rebound tonometry, and (c) horizontal palpebral fissure length. RESULTS Aqueous tear production was 2.53 ± 1.65 mm/min for A lituratus and 1.89 ± 0.62 for A caudifer. Intraocular pressure measured in the upright position was 11.0 ± 3.28 mm Hg for A lituratus and 7.28 ± 2.70 for A caudifer. Horizontal palpebral fissure length was 5.04 ± 0.45 mm for A lituratus and 3.92 ± 0.51 for A caudifer. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained in the present study may serve as a reference for ophthalmic parameters and help practitioners in the diagnosis and management of eye diseases in bats, as well for future investigations about microchiroptera bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tavares Somma
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Christiane M Coimbra
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rogério R Lange
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bret A Moore
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, Curitiba, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Hernández-Jerez A, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Gimsing AL, Marina M, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Tiktak A, Tzoulaki I, Widenfalk A, Wolterink G, Russo D, Streissl F, Topping C. Scientific statement on the coverage of bats by the current pesticide risk assessment for birds and mammals. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05758. [PMID: 32626374 PMCID: PMC7009170 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are an important group of mammals, frequently foraging in farmland and potentially exposed to pesticides. This statement considers whether the current risk assessment performed for birds and ground dwelling mammals exposed to pesticides is also protective of bats. Three main issues were addressed. Firstly, whether bats are toxicologically more or less sensitive than the most sensitive birds and mammals. Secondly, whether oral exposure of bats to pesticides is greater or lower than in ground dwelling mammals and birds. Thirdly, whether there are other important exposure routes relevant to bats. A large variation in toxicological sensitivity and no relationship between sensitivity of bats and bird or mammal test-species to pesticides could be found. In addition, bats have unique traits, such as echolocation and torpor which can be adversely affected by exposure to pesticides and which are not covered by the endpoints currently selected for wild mammal risk assessment. The current exposure assessment methodology was used for oral exposure and adapted to bats using bat-specific parameters. For oral exposure, it was concluded that for most standard risk assessment scenarios the current approach did not cover exposure of bats to pesticide residues in food. Calculations of potential dermal exposure for bats foraging during spraying operations suggest that this may be a very important exposure route. Dermal routes of exposure should be combined with inhalation and oral exposure. Based on the evidence compiled, the Panel concludes that bats are not adequately covered by the current risk assessment approach, and that there is a need to develop a bat-specific risk assessment scheme. In general, there was scarcity of data to assess the risks for bat exposed to pesticides. Recommendations for research are made, including identification of alternatives to laboratory testing of bats to assess toxicological effects.
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Hanrahan N, Turbill C, Armstrong KN, Dalziell AH, Welbergen JA. Ghost bats exhibit informative daily and seasonal temporal patterns in the production of social vocalisations. AUST J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/zo20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) is a colonial and highly vocal species that is impacted by human visitation of caves. The ability to document behaviours inside the roost by recording vocalisations could provide an important new tool for the management of this disturbance-prone species by removing the need for in-person confirmation of reproductive activity, and, in turn, identifying roosts of conservation importance. To assess whether vocalisations are indicators of daily and seasonal behavioural events, we aimed to determine whether total vocal activity significantly varied by time of day and time of year and, further, how the relative frequencies of occurrence of three common social vocalisations (‘Chirp-trill’, ‘Squabble’ and ‘Ultrasonic Social’) aligned with previously reported seasonal reproductive behaviour. We recorded sound inside the largest known maternity roost, extracted all vocal signals and classified them into types using semiautomated methods. Total vocal activity varied significantly by time of day and time of year, peaking around sunrise and sunset, and during the mating and nursing seasons. The relative frequencies of occurrence of vocalisation types varied significantly seasonally, with the Chirp-trill and Squabble produced most during the mating season and first flight periods, whereas the Ultrasonic Social peaked during parturition and weaning periods. This timing aligns with a previously suggested vocalisation function, providing further evidence that these signals are important in mating and maternity behaviours. Further, this suggests that peaks in the relative frequency of occurrence of distinct social vocalisations may act as indicators of in-roost reproductive and pup development behaviours and provides a low-disturbance, semiautomated method for using long-term acoustic recordings to study and monitor behaviour in this sensitive species.
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10
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Do predators influence the behaviour of temperate-zone bats? An analysis of competing models of roost emergence times. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Into the light: atypical diurnal foraging activity of Blyth’s horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus lepidus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) on Tioman Island, Malaysia. MAMMALIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2017-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Diurnal flight and foraging activity in insectivorous bats are atypical behaviours that have been recorded from islands with few avian predators and from locations with extended daylight hours. We present the first known observations of diurnal activity of Rhinolophus lepidus in forests on Tioman Island, Malaysia, recorded using visual surveys and acoustic monitoring. The bats were flying during the day and at night, and feeding buzzes detected suggest that they were actively foraging during the day. This appears to be a regular phenomenon on Tioman Island. The absence of resident diurnal avian predators that hunt below the forest canopy may account for the diurnal activity of R. lepidus in forests there.
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Malmqvist E, Jansson S, Zhu S, Li W, Svanberg K, Svanberg S, Rydell J, Song Z, Bood J, Brydegaard M, Åkesson S. The bat-bird-bug battle: daily flight activity of insects and their predators over a rice field revealed by high-resolution Scheimpflug Lidar. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172303. [PMID: 29765679 PMCID: PMC5936944 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of, to our knowledge, the first Lidar study applied to continuous and simultaneous monitoring of aerial insects, bats and birds. It illustrates how common patterns of flight activity, e.g. insect swarming around twilight, depend on predation risk and other constraints acting on the faunal components. Flight activity was monitored over a rice field in China during one week in July 2016, using a high-resolution Scheimpflug Lidar system. The monitored Lidar transect was about 520 m long and covered approximately 2.5 m3. The observed biomass spectrum was bimodal, and targets were separated into insects and vertebrates in a categorization supported by visual observations. Peak flight activity occurred at dusk and dawn, with a 37 min time difference between the bat and insect peaks. Hence, bats started to feed in declining insect activity after dusk and stopped before the rise in activity before dawn. A similar time difference between insects and birds may have occurred, but it was not obvious, perhaps because birds were relatively scarce. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that flight activity of bats is constrained by predation in bright light, and that crepuscular insects exploit this constraint by swarming near to sunset/sunrise to minimize predation from bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Malmqvist
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Author for correspondence: Elin Malmqvist e-mail:
| | - Samuel Jansson
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shiming Zhu
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansha Li
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Katarina Svanberg
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sune Svanberg
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jens Rydell
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ziwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 7, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Joakim Bood
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Brydegaard
- Lund Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- Centre for Animal Movement Research, Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
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Nkrumah EE, Badu EK, Baldwin HJ, Anti P, Klose SM, Vallo P, Drosten C, Kalko EKV, Oppong SK, Tschapka M. Flight Activity of Noack's Round-Leaf Bat (Hipposideros cf. ruber) at Two Caves in Central Ghana, West Africa. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evans E. Nkrumah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer K. Badu
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Heather J. Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Priscilla Anti
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stefan M. Klose
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Vallo
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Elisabeth K. V. Kalko
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Samuel K. Oppong
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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Bôlla DAS, Carvalho F, Zocche JJ, Bianco A, Vitto JADB, dos Santos R. Phyllostomid bats flying in daylight: a case from the Neotropics. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1397227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia de Vertebrados, Avenida Universitária, Criciúma, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da UNESC, Avenida Universitária, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Jairo José Zocche
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da UNESC, Avenida Universitária, Criciúma, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Paisagem e Vertebrados da UNESC, Avenida Universitária, Criciúma, Brazil
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López-Baucells A, Torrent L, Rocha R, Pavan AC, Bobrowiec PED, Meyer CFJ. Geographical variation in the high-duty cycle echolocation of the cryptic common mustached bat Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus (Mormoopidae). BIOACOUSTICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2017.1357145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López-Baucells
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences c/ Palaudàries, 102 - Jardins Antoni Jonch Cuspinera, Granollers, Spain
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Laura Torrent
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences c/ Palaudàries, 102 - Jardins Antoni Jonch Cuspinera, Granollers, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil
- Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Carolina Pavan
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christoph F. J. Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), National Institute for Amazonian Research and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Brazil
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre (EERC), School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Russo D, Cistrone L, Libralato N, Korine C, Jones G, Ancillotto L. Adverse effects of artificial illumination on bat drinking activity. Anim Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit; Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata; Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali; Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Portici (Napoli) Italy
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - L. Cistrone
- Forestry and Conservation; Cassino (Frosinone) Italy
| | - N. Libralato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”; Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza; Roma Italy
| | - C. Korine
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - G. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - L. Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit; Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata; Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali; Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Portici (Napoli) Italy
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17
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Mikula P, Morelli F, Lučan RK, Jones DN, Tryjanowski P. Bats as prey of diurnal birds: a global perspective. Mamm Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikula
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Viničná 7 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Federico Morelli
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Institute of Hydrobiology; Na Sádkách 7 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- INRA; AgroParisTech; UMR 1048 SADAPT, 16 rue Claude Bernard F- 75005 Paris France
| | - Radek K. Lučan
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Viničná 7 128 43 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Darryl N. Jones
- Environmental Futures Research Institute; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Wojska Polskiego 71 C 60-625 Poznań Poland
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Nardone V, Cistrone L, Di Salvo I, Ariano A, Migliozzi A, Allegrini C, Ancillotto L, Fulco A, Russo D. How to Be a Male at Different Elevations: Ecology of Intra-Sexual Segregation in the Trawling Bat Myotis daubentonii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134573. [PMID: 26230548 PMCID: PMC4521842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-sexual segregation is a form of social segregation widespread among vertebrates. In the bat Myotis daubentonii, males are disproportionately abundant at higher elevations, while females are restricted to lower altitude. Intra-male segregation is also known to occur yet its ecological and behavioural determinants are unclear. We studied male segregation along a river in Central Italy where we tested the following predictions: 1. Upstream ( > 1000 m a.s.l.) males will rely on scarcer prey; 2. To deal with this limitation and exploit a cooler roosting environment, they will employ more prolonged and deeper torpor than downstream (< 900 m a.s.l.) males; 3. Body condition will be better in downstream males as they forage in more productive areas; 4. To cope with less predictable foraging opportunities, upstream males will use more habitat types. Consistent with our predictions, we found that prey were less common at higher altitudes, where bats exhibited prolonged and deeper torpor. Body condition was better in downstream males than in upstream males but not in all summer months. This result reflected a decrease in downstream males' body condition over the season, perhaps due to the energy costs of reduced opportunities to use torpor and/or intraspecific competition. Downstream males mainly foraged over selected riparian vegetation whereas upstream males used a greater variety of habitats. One controversial issue is whether upstream males are excluded from lower elevations by resident bats. We tested this by translocating 10 upstream males to a downstream roost: eight returned to the high elevation site in 1-2 nights, two persisted at low altitude but did not roost with resident bats. These results are consistent with the idea of segregation due to competition. Living at high altitude allows for more effective heterothermy and may thus be not detrimental for survival, but by staying at lower altitude males increase proximity to females and potentially benefit from summer mating opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nardone
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ivy Di Salvo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ariano
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Migliozzi
- Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudia Allegrini
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Fulco
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Geoheritage at the Equator: Selected Geosites of São Tomé Island (Cameron Line, Central Africa). SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su7010648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Many animals regulate their activity over a 24-h sleep-wake cycle, concentrating their peak periods of activity to coincide with the hours of daylight, darkness, or twilight, or using different periods of light and darkness in more complex ways. These behavioral differences, which are in themselves functional traits, are associated with suites of physiological and morphological adaptations with implications for the ecological roles of species. The biogeography of diel time partitioning is, however, poorly understood. Here, we document basic biogeographic patterns of time partitioning by mammals and ecologically relevant large-scale patterns of natural variation in "illuminated activity time" constrained by temperature, and we determine how well the first of these are predicted by the second. Although the majority of mammals are nocturnal, the distributions of diurnal and crepuscular species richness are strongly associated with the availability of biologically useful daylight and twilight, respectively. Cathemerality is associated with relatively long hours of daylight and twilight in the northern Holarctic region, whereas the proportion of nocturnal species is highest in arid regions and lowest at extreme high altitudes. Although thermal constraints on activity have been identified as key to the distributions of organisms, constraints due to functional adaptation to the light environment are less well studied. Global patterns in diversity are constrained by the availability of the temporal niche; disruption of these constraints by the spread of artificial lighting and anthropogenic climate change, and the potential effects on time partitioning, are likely to be critical influences on species' future distributions.
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