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Beyer J, Goksøyr A, Hjermann DØ, Klungsøyr J. Environmental effects of offshore produced water discharges: A review focused on the Norwegian continental shelf. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105155. [PMID: 32992224 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW), a large byproduct of offshore oil and gas extraction, is reinjected to formations or discharged to the sea after treatment. The discharges contain dispersed crude oil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), metals, and many other constituents of environmental relevance. Risk-based regulation, greener offshore chemicals and improved cleaning systems have reduced environmental risks of PW discharges, but PW is still the largest operational source of oil pollution to the sea from the offshore petroleum industry. Monitoring surveys find detectable exposures in caged mussel and fish several km downstream from PW outfalls, but biomarkers indicate only mild acute effects in these sentinels. On the other hand, increased concentrations of DNA adducts are found repeatedly in benthic fish populations, especially in haddock. It is uncertain whether increased adducts could be a long-term effect of sediment contamination due to ongoing PW discharges, or earlier discharges of oil-containing drilling waste. Another concern is uncertainty regarding the possible effect of PW discharges in the sub-Arctic Southern Barents Sea. So far, research suggests that sub-arctic species are largely comparable to temperate species in their sensitivity to PW exposure. Larval deformities and cardiac toxicity in fish early life stages are among the biomarkers and adverse outcome pathways that currently receive much attention in PW effect research. Herein, we summarize the accumulated ecotoxicological knowledge of offshore PW discharges and highlight some key remaining knowledge needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
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Valskienė R, Baršienė J, Butrimavičienė L, Pažusienė J, Grygiel W, Stankevičiūtė M, Rybakovas A. Induction of nuclear abnormalities in herring (Clupea harengus membras), flounder (Platichthys flesus), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) collected from the southern part of the Gotland Basin-the Baltic Sea (2010-2017). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13366-13380. [PMID: 30903470 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight nuclear abnormalities of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were studied in peripheral blood erythrocytes of herring (Clupea harengus membras), flounder (Platichthys flesus), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) sampled (2010-2017) from the Polish and the Lithuanian Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) in the Baltic Sea. At all study stations, total genotoxicity (∑Gentox) was found to be higher than total cytotoxicity (∑Cytox). A significant time-related decrease in genotoxicity was detected in the Lithuanian EEZ (2015-2017), while in the Polish EEZ (2014-2016), the opposite tendency was revealed. The highest ∑Gentox and ∑Cytox values recorded in fish sampled at the study stations located relatively close to each other clearly indicate an increased environmental genotoxicity and cytotoxicity pressure for fish in these areas. Exceptionally high and high-level genotoxicity risks to herring followed by those to flounder and cod were determined at a higher percentage of the stations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Valskienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Baršienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Butrimavičienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Wlodzimierz Grygiel
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1 Kollataja Street, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aleksandras Rybakovas
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Barbosa DB, Mello ADA, Allodi S, de Barros CM. Acute exposure to water-soluble fractions of marine diesel oil: Evaluation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in an ascidian. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:308-315. [PMID: 30077111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms involved in organisms' responses to toxicity from oil pollution, we studied the effect of acute exposure (24 h) to the marine water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (WFDO) on the ascidian Styela plicata. We evaluated the mortality and behavior by means of the siphon reflex, and the response of blood cells (hemocytes) contained in the pharynx, by means of the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in addition to the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). We also correlated oxidative stress with the activation of apoptotic pathways. No mortality occurred 24 h after the ascidians were exposed to 5% and 10% marine WFDO; however, the siphon reflex, a behavioral test based on the time that the animals took to close their siphons, increased. We also observed an inflammatory response, as estimated by the increase in the number of hemocytes in the pharynx. NO and ROS production and CAT activity were reduced, whereas caspase-3, a signaling molecule involved in apoptosis, was activated. This suggests that in ascidians acutely exposed to oil, another mechanism can occur in addition to oxidative stress. Another possibility is that WFDO may directly interact with cellular macromolecules and activate caspase-3, independently of generating oxidative stress. The results showed that components of diesel oil affected a marine organism, which showed reduced ROS production in the pharynx cells, including hemocytes, and activation of apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Barreto Barbosa
- Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio Ambiental de Macaé, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, NUPEM, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Abreu Mello
- Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio Ambiental de Macaé, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Biofísica, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Comparativa e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Biofísica, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cintia Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Sócio Ambiental de Macaé, NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, NUPEM, UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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Ji Y, Wu P, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Peng Y, Zhang S, Cai G, Gao G. Heavy metal accumulation, risk assessment and integrated biomarker responses of local vegetables: A case study along the Le'an river. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:361-371. [PMID: 29453062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this research, Ganzhou Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis), Native Purple Garlic (Allium sativum L) and Leping Radish (Raphanus sativus L) widely planted and distributed along the Le'an River were chosen in the present study. Soil physical-chemical properties, nutrients contents as well as heavy metals elements accumulated in both soils and vegetables collected from 24 sites were analyzed by lab analysis combined with statistical method which was also used for calculation of contamination factor, pollution indexes and hazardous index. Heavy metals accumulation in soils were revealed with higher level, and copper and cadmium exceeded the background values by 8.82 and 16.73 times on average, which were also significantly related with the distribution of nonferrous metal processing enterprises. Heavy metal elements accumulated in vegetables were fully consistent with the finding of pollution characteristics in soils. Peroxidase biomarkers in vegetables, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipoperoxidation (as TBARS), as well as integrated biomarker responses (IBR) were determined to give a reliable response after exposing of contaminants. Heavy metals accumulation ability and biomarker responses for three vegetables were usually determined in the following decrease trend: Ganzhou Chinese Cabbage > Native Purple Garlic > Leping Radish. Compared with peroxidase biomarkers activities or contents of control site, all the measured biomarkers in polluted sites showed significantly responses, indicating potential relationship between pollutants stresses and biomarker responses. This study also revealed that the IBR values were coordinated well with the pollutants concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ji
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China.
| | - Peijun Wu
- Office of Poyang Lake Water Control Project Construction of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330046, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Youfeng Zhou
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Yongwen Peng
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Shifeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gaotang Cai
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China; JiangXi Engineering Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Resources Efficient Utilization, Nanchang, 330099, China
| | - Guiqing Gao
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330099, China
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Sanni S, Björkblom C, Jonsson H, Godal BF, Liewenborg B, Lyng E, Pampanin DM. I: Biomarker quantification in fish exposed to crude oil as input to species sensitivity distributions and threshold values for environmental monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 125:10-24. [PMID: 28038348 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine a suitable set of biomarker based methods for environmental monitoring in sub-arctic and temperate offshore areas using scientific knowledge on the sensitivity of fish species to dispersed crude oil. Threshold values for environmental monitoring and risk assessment were obtained based on a quantitative comparison of biomarker responses. Turbot, halibut, salmon and sprat were exposed for up to 8 weeks to five different sub-lethal concentrations of dispersed crude oil. Biomarkers assessing PAH metabolites, oxidative stress, detoxification system I activity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, general cellular stress and histological changes were measured. Results showed that PAH metabolites, CYP1A/EROD, DNA adducts and histopathology rendered the most robust results across the different fish species, both in terms of sensitivity and dose-responsiveness. The reported results contributed to forming links between biomonitoring and risk assessment procedures by using biomarker species sensitivity distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinar Sanni
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Carina Björkblom
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Henrik Jonsson
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Brit F Godal
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Birgitta Liewenborg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Lyng
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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