1
|
Ma J, Wen L, Li X, Dai J, Song J, Wang Q, Xu K, Yuan H, Duan L. Different fates of particulate matters driven by marine hypoxia: A case study of oxygen minimum zone in the Western Pacific. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106648. [PMID: 39043062 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is an important representative of marine hypoxia in the open ocean, and it is developing rapidly under the context of global warming. However, the research on OMZ in the Western Pacific is still deficient. This study focused on its basic characteristics and impact on the degradation of particulate matters in the M4 seamount of Western Pacific. The results showed that the OMZ is located at 290-1100 m, just below the high-salinity area and thermocline. The M4 seamount has a weak impact on the OMZ, and only the bottom waters contacting with the seamount have a weak decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO). With the increase of water depth, particulate nitrogen and phosphorus decrease first above and in the OMZ and then increase below the OMZ, while particulate organic carbon (POC) gradually decreases. The low-DO environment in the OMZ is not conducive to the degradation of particulate matters, which promotes the transport of particulate matters to the deep sea, and most particulate matters have the lowest degradation rate here. The waters above the OMZ have the fastest change rate of particulate matters, in which particulate organic phosphorus (POP) and particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP) are preferentially degraded, and the degradation rate of them is significantly higher than particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and particulate inorganic nitrogen (PIN). The particulate nitrogen and phosphorus in the waters below the OMZ continue to increase, while PON/total particulate nitrogen (TPN) and POP/total particulate phosphorus (TPP) increase significantly, and the increase rate of PIN and PIP is far lower than PON and POP, indicating that the increase of organic matters in particulate matters is more significant. It is speculated that this phenomenon might be related to the input of Antarctic Bottom Water or the in-situ production by microorganisms. This study revealed the relationship between OMZ and different particulate matters, which may provide a valuable pathway for the biogeochemical effects of OMZ in the Western Pacific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Lilian Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qidong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huamao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liqin Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Zhan Z, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhou T, Xu K. Chromosome-level genome assembly of a deep-sea Venus flytrap sea anemone sheds light upon adaptations to an extremely oligotrophic environment. Mol Ecol 2024:e17504. [PMID: 39166453 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The Venus flytrap sea anemone Actinoscyphia liui inhabits the nutrient-limited deep ocean in the tropical western Pacific. Compared with most other sea anemones, it has undergone a distinct modification of body shape similar to that of the botanic flytrap. However, the molecular mechanism by which such a peculiar sea anemone adapts to a deep-sea oligotrophic environment is unknown. Here, we report the chromosomal-level genome of A. liui constructed from PacBio and Hi-C data. The assembled genome is 522 Mb in size and exhibits a continuous scaffold N50 of 58.4 Mb. Different from most other sea anemones, which typically possess 14-18 chromosomes per haplotype, A. liui has only 11. The reduced number of chromosomes is associated with chromosome fusion, which likely represents an adaptive strategy to economize energy in oligotrophic deep-sea environments. Comparative analysis with other deep-sea sea anemones revealed adaptive evolution in genes related to cellular autophagy (TMBIM6, SESN1, SCOCB and RPTOR) and mitochondrial energy metabolism (MDH1B and KAD2), which may aid in A. liui coping with severe food scarcity. Meanwhile, the genome has undergone at least two rounds of expansion in gene families associated with fast synaptic transmission, facilitating rapid responses to water currents and prey. Positive selection was detected on putative phosphorylation sites of muscle contraction-related proteins, possibly further improving feeding efficiency. Overall, the present study provides insights into the molecular adaptation to deep-sea oligotrophic environments and sheds light upon potential effects of a novel morphology on the evolution of Cnidaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Taizhou, China
| | - Zifeng Zhan
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu W, Zhao F, Li X, Zheng S, Li L, Zhao R, Xu K. Enhanced nutrient supply promotes mutualistic interactions between cyanobacteria and bacteria in oligotrophic ocean. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240788. [PMID: 39043236 PMCID: PMC11265871 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can form complex interactions with heterotrophic microorganisms, but this relationship is susceptible to nutrient concentrations. Disentangling the cyanobacteria-bacteria interactions in relation to nutrient supply is essential to understanding their roles in geochemical cycles under global change. We hypothesize that enhanced nutrient supply in oligotrophic oceans can promote interactions among cyanobacteria and bacteria. Therefore, we investigated the planktonic bacteria and their interactions with cyanobacteria in relation to elevated nutrients caused by enhanced upwelling around a shallow and a deep seamount in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. We found obviously higher complexity of network occurred with significantly more cyanobacteria in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the shallow seamount when compared with that of the deep seamount. Cyanobacteria can shape bacterial interaction and community evenness in response to relatively high nutrient concentrations. The effects of the nutrients on cyanobacteria-related networks were further estimated based on the Tara Oceans data. Statistical analyses further showed a facilitative effect of nitrate concentrations on cyanobacteria-bacteria mutualistic interactions in the global oligotrophic ocean. By analysing the Tara Ocean macrogenomic data, we detected functional genes related to cyanobacteria-bacteria interactions in all samples, indicating the existence of a mutualistic relationship. Our results reveal cyanobacteria-bacteria interaction in response to nutrient elevation in oligotrophic ocean and highlight the potentially negative effects of global change on the bacterial community from the view of the bio-interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyue Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Longzhao Li
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Li H, Zhang J, Chen J, Xie X, Xie W, Yin K, Zhang D, Ruiz-Pino D, Kao SJ. Seamounts generate efficient active transport loops to nourish the twilight ecosystem. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6833. [PMID: 38924405 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Seamounts are ecological oases nurturing abundant fisheries resources and epibenthic megafauna in the vast oligotrophic ocean. Despite their significance, the formation mechanisms underlying these seamount ecological oases remain uncertain. To shed light on this phenomenon, this study conducted interdisciplinary in situ observations focusing on a shallow seamount in the oligotrophic ocean. The findings show that the seamount's topography interferes with the oceanic current to generate lee waves, effectively enhancing the nutrient supply to the euphotic layer downstream of the seamount. This continuous supply enhances phytoplankton biomass and subsequently the grazing and diurnal vertical migration of zooplankton, rapidly transporting the augmented phytoplankton biomass to the aphotic layer. Unlike the cyclonic eddies that move in the upper ocean, seamounts stand at fixed locations creating a more efficient and steady active transport loop. This active transport loop connects the euphotic and twilight zones, potentially conveying nourishment to benthic ecosystems to create stereoscopic oases in the oligotrophic ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kedong Yin
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diana Ruiz-Pino
- Sorbonne University (S.U.), CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory/IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen L, Song J, Dai J, Li X, Ma J, Yuan H, Duan L, Wang Q. Nutrient characteristics driven by multiple factors in large estuaries during summer: A case study of the Yangtze River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116241. [PMID: 38479325 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Nutrients directly control the level of primary productivity and are crucial for the stability of marine ecosystems. Focusing on the survey results in August 2020 of the Yangtze River Estuary, this study elucidated the distribution characteristics and controlling factors of three nutrients: NO3-N, PO4-P, SiO3-Si. The results showed that the concentrations of NO3-N, PO4-P, SiO3-Si in the study area were generally higher near the shore than far shore, with average concentrations of 11.40, 0.70, and 23.73 μmol/L, respectively. The ocean currents drove the distribution of nutrients, and the transport of CDW and YSCC increased the nutrient levels. The resuspension of sediment caused by factors such as terrain and weather may lead to an abnormal increase in nutrients in the bottom waters. The main controlling factors of the three nutrients were different. NO3-N was significantly affected by human activities, PO4-P and SiO3-Si were mainly affected by natural factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China.
| | - Jiajia Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China.
| | - Huamao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Liqin Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266400, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Zhao L, Wei Y, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Xiao T. Insights into the structure of the pelagic microbial food web in the oligotrophic tropical Western Pacific: Examining trophic interactions and relationship with abiotic variables. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115772. [PMID: 37988968 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Microbial food webs (MFW) play an indispensable role in marine pelagic ecosystem, yet their composition and response to abiotic variables were poorly documented in the oligotrophic tropical Western Pacific. During winter of 2015, we conducted a survey to examine key components of MFW, including Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, picoeukaryotes, heterotrophic prokaryotes (HP), heterotrophic/pigmented nanoflagellates and ciliates, across water column from surface to 2000 m. Each MFW component exhibited unique vertical distribution pattern, with abundance ratio varying over six and three orders of magnitude across Pico/Microplankton (1.6 ± 1.0 × 106) and Nano/Microplankton (3.2 ± 2.8 × 103), respectively. Furthermore, HP was main component for MFW in the bathypelagic (>1000 m) zone. Multivariate biota-environment analysis demonstrated that environmental variables, particularly temperature, significantly impacted MFW composition, suggesting that bottom-up control (resource availability) dominated the water column. Our study provides benchmark information for future environmental dynamics forcing on MFW in the oligotrophic tropical seas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhimeng Xu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanchu Zhao
- Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Tian Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma J, Li X, Song J, Wen L, Liang X, Xu K, Dai J. Distribution patterns of six metals and their influencing factors in M4 seamount seawater of the Western Pacific. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115664. [PMID: 37862843 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Metals are crucial to the stability of marine ecosystems, and it is important to analyze their spatial heterogeneity. This study examined the distribution and influencing factors of six metals such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in M4 seamount of the Western Pacific. The results showed that the factors affecting the distribution of metals are complex. The concentration ranges of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd in the M4 seamount were 0-0.05, 0-0.44, 0-0.0014, 0-0.082, 0.12-0.16, and 0-0.013 μg/L, respectively, roughly equivalent to those of other open seas, however, there were also some differences. Specifically, the distribution of ferromanganese nodules and Co-rich crusts, resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of metals such as Mn, Fe, and Co in the bottom. This study will significantly contribute to our understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of metals in seamount areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lilian Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianmeng Liang
- Joint Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Exploration, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang H, Xu S, Li S, Wang X, Guo K, Yan R, Xie W, Yin K, Hou S, Jiang H. Diversity and Distribution of Harmful Algal Bloom Species from Seamount to Coastal Waters in the South China Sea. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0416922. [PMID: 36815795 PMCID: PMC10100961 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04169-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mount Xianbei is one of the largest shallow seamounts located in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS), which might play a role in shaping the biodiversity of surrounding continental coastal waters, particularly the diversity of phytoplankton species causing frequent harmful algal blooms (HABs) in northern SCS. However, the diversity, composition, and distribution of phytoplankton species in the seamount regions of Xianbei remain largely unexplored. In this study, samples around and outside the seamount regions were collected during a late summer cruise of 2021 to test whether seamounts play a role in HAB species propagation. In total, we identified 19 HAB species across all samples using the ASV-based DNA metabarcoding approach, 6 of which had not been reported previously in the SCS, suggesting a diverse HAB species in the SCS. Specifically, 16 HAB species were found in the seamount region of Xianbei, and 5 of them were also found in the coastal waters, indicating a close connection between seamount and coastal waters. This study was the first attempt to explore HAB species' spatial diversity and vertical distribution in the seamount region of Xianbei at single-nucleotide resolution, which provides a novel explanation for the coastal HAB occurrence in the northern SCS. IMPORTANCE There are a number of seamounts under the water of the South China Sea (SCS). The seamounts might play a role in shaping the biodiversity of surrounding continental coastal waters. However, there is no direct evidence revealing the relationship of the biodiversity of phytoplankton between seamounts and coastal waters in the SCS, especially those species having the potential to form harmful algal blooms (HABs). Some HAB species might proliferate in certain geographic locations, while others may be broadly distributed across oceanic provinces. In this study, we provided a detailed analysis of phytoplankton composition and molecular detection of HAB species from seamount to coastal waters in the SCS, which suggested a strong interaction in the HAB species between the two areas. This finding provides new insights into the diversity and distribution of HABs in seamounts and their role in shaping the composition and the occurrence of HABs in coastal water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangli Guo
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongman Yan
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kedong Yin
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma J, Li X, Song J, Wen L, Wang Q, Xu K, Dai J, Zhong G. The effects of seawater thermodynamic parameters on the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114579. [PMID: 36634538 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The continuous expansion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) is a microcosm of marine hypoxia problem. Based on a survey in M4 seamount area of Tropical Western Pacific Ocean, the effects of thermodynamic parameters on OMZ were discussed. The study showed thermodynamic parameters mainly affect the upper oxycline of OMZ. The increase in temperature aggravates seawater stratification, which not only shallows oxycline but also increases the strength of DO stratification, promoting the expansion of OMZ. Based on relationships between thermodynamic parameters, water mass and DO, OMZ in this area is defined as follows: the water layer with low DO between the lower boundary of high-salt area and 1000 m. Moreover, the study showed that though there is no "seamount effect" on a scale of 3000 m, low-value areas of DO form at the bottom of seamount. This study will provide an evidence for expansion of OMZ exacerbated by global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lilian Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guorong Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shao Q, Sun D, Fang C, Feng Y, Wang C. Microbial food webs share similar biogeographic patterns and driving mechanisms with depths in oligotrophic tropical western Pacific Ocean. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1098264. [PMID: 36778869 PMCID: PMC9909095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial food web (MFW) dominates the energy flow in oligotrophic tropical open ocean pelagic ecosystems. Understanding biogeographic patterns and driving mechanisms of key components of the MFW is one of the central topics in current marine ecology. Investigations were conducted along an 1,100-km horizontal gradient and in the full-water column vertical gradient of the oligotrophic tropical western Pacific Ocean. High-throughput sequencing and association networking methods were used to analyze the community structure and interspecies interactions of MFW. The structure of MFW significantly differed with depths, but not across horizontal gradients. Bacteria and microeukaryotes were interconnected and had more predominantly positive and negative linkages in the aphotic layers. Key components of MFW exhibited similar biogeographic patterns and driving mechanisms. Geographic distance exerted minimal effects on the distribution patterns of the microbial food web, while environmental factors played more important roles, especially for temperature and inorganic nutrients. Stochastic processes were more important in the microbial food webs of the 5-200 m layer than the >500 m layer, and drift explained the majority of stochastic processes. Moreover, only a weak but not significant driving force for North Equatorial Current on the east-west connectivity of the microbial food web was found in the upper layers. This knowledge is a critical fundamental data for future planning of marine protected areas targeting the protection of tuna fishing in the western Pacific Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China,Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Dong Sun, ✉
| | - Chen Fang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhi Feng
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China,School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo S, Wu Y, Zhu M, Sun X. Concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) and their role in the carbon export in the South China Sea and western tropical North Pacific. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105699. [PMID: 35839746 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of TEPs in the carbon cycle remains inadequately understood in oligotrophic tropical oceans. This study investigates TEP concentrations, distributions, sinking behavior and fluxes in the oligotrophic South China Sea (SCS) and western tropical North Pacific (WTNP). The results suggested that TEPs levels were relatively low [< 60 μg Xeq. L-1 (μg xanthan gum equivalent per liter)] in both regions, and they were higher in the epipelagic layer than in deeper layers. TEP concentrations correlated significantly positively with Chl a and picophytoplankton biomass, and TEP-associated carbon contributed significantly to particulate organic carbon (POC) pool in the SCS and WTNP. The sinking flux of TEPs constituted a mean of 61% of the total POC flux in the SCS and 46% in the WTNP, highlighting their important role in carbon export in these areas. Generally, this study should provide good insight into the role TEPs play in the carbon cycle in oligotrophic tropical oceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Guo
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai S, Zhao Y, Li X, Wang Z, Zhu M, Liang J, Liu H, Sun X. Seamount effect on phytoplankton biomass and community above a deep seamount in the tropical western Pacific. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113354. [PMID: 35144212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that the enhancement of phytoplankton appears only in shallow and intermediate depth seamounts, while the phenomenon has also been observed in some deep seamounts by satellites recently. To figure out what effect do deep seamounts have on phytoplankton and the relevant mechanisms, the phytoplankton biomass and community on the Kocebu Seamount (depth: 1198 m) were studied. The results showed that the average Chl a concentration of the seamount was 0.09 mg·m-3, and the Chl a maximum layer was mainly located at 150 m, and picophytoplankton such as prochlorophytes and cyanobacteria were the dominant groups. High Chl a patches (>0.2 mg·m-3) were mainly distributed within 20 km of the peak, and both nitrate and orthophosphate were obviously uplifted at the peak. The physical data indicated the uplifted of nutrients could be caused by the internal tides, which generated by the interaction of topography and tide. This is the first time that the promotion of phytoplankton was observed in situ on a deep seamount, and this study expounded relevant mechanisms and suggested that the ecological functions of deep seamounts may have been previously neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dai
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junhua Liang
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huajian Liu
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma J, Song J, Li X, Wang Q, Sun X, Zhang W, Zhong G. Seawater stratification vs. plankton for oligotrophic mechanism: A case study of M4 seamount area in the Western Pacific Ocean. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105400. [PMID: 34186434 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oligotrophic sea area mainly distributes in tropical and subtropical ocean, which have a profound impact on the marine material cycle and the structure of biological community. Based on the comprehensive survey in M4 seamount area of the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean in August 2017, the nutrients characteristics were explained, the formation mechanism of oligotrophic characteristics in this region was explored, and the influence of M4 seamount on oligotrophic sea area was analyzed. The results showed that the M4 seamount area is a typical oligotrophic sea area. In the water column of 0-100 m, the nutrients levels are extremely low, and NO3-N, PO4-P and SiO3-Si are lower than 0.55, 0.15 and 1.75 μmol/L, respectively; in the water column of 100-500 m, the nutrients concentrations rise rapidly, forming nutriclines. Seawater stratification is one of the main reasons for the formation of oligotrophic characteristics in this area. The thermocline in the water column of 100-500 m and the high-salt area in the water column of 100-230 m form a dual effect, which hinders the upward transport of waters with high nutrients concentrations at the bottom. In addition, Synechococcus and bacteria grow and multiply in a large amount in the water column of 0-100 m, absorb and utilize nutrients, and aggravate the oligotrophic characteristics of this area. There are significant upwellings near the summit of the M4 seamount, which promotes the waters with high nutrients concentrations at the bottom to break through the barriers of the thermocline and high-salt area and to transport upwards into the euphotic layer, which can be better utilized by phytoplankton. This study showed that seamounts may have an important effect on improving the oligotrophic characteristics of local sea areas, and then promote the growth of phytoplankton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinming Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qidong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wuchang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guorong Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|