1
|
Escobar-Arnanz J, Pena-Abaurrea M, Santos FJ, Ramos L. Non-target analysis of organohalogenated contaminants in deep-sea fishes from the Mediterranean Sea by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162873. [PMID: 36931525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced separation power and identification capabilities make comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC - ToF MS) a valuable instrumental alternative for non-target analysis (NTA). In the present study, GC × GC - ToF MS has been used for the NTA of chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds in composite livers of two scarcely investigated Mediterranean deep-sea fish species, hollowsnout grenadier (Coelorinchus caelorhincus) and roughsnout grenadier (Trachyrhinchus trachyrhinchus). Attention focused on the identification of organohalogenated compounds with structural characteristics similar to those of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In total, 116 Cl-, Br- and mixed Cl/Br-compounds were either positively or tentatively identified in the analyzed liver samples. Up to 88 of these compounds were legacy POPs, being polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) the most abundant and frequently detected families. The other 28 identified POP-like compounds were analytes not considered by current regulation and environmental monitoring programs, including, among others, degradation products of specific OCPs, naturally produced organohalogen compounds and several perchlorinated diethyldiphenylmethane-derivatives whose presence in the investigated species is reported here for the first time. The presence of other naturally occurring brominated and mixed halogenated compounds in these fish species is also described for the first time. Our results also showed differences in the accumulation profile of the identified compounds in both species. Thereby, anthropogenic POPs showed higher relative abundances in the livers of roughsnout grenadiers than those in hollowsnout grenadiers, while for naturally occurring compounds the opposite trend or similar levels were found in both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Escobar-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pena-Abaurrea
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - L Ramos
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cresson P, Fabri MC, Miralles FM, Dufour JL, Elleboode R, Sevin K, Mahé K, Bouchoucha M. Variability of PCB burden in 5 fish and sharks species of the French Mediterranean continental slope. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:374-381. [PMID: 26874319 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite being generally located far from contamination sources, deep marine ecosystems are impacted by chemicals like PCB. The PCB contamination in five fish and shark species collected in the continental slope of the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean Sea) was measured, with a special focus on intra- and interspecific variability and on the driving factors. Significant differences occurred between species. Higher values were measured in Scyliorhinus canicula, Galeus melastomus and Helicolenus dactylopterus and lower values in Phycis blennoides and Lepidorhombus boscii. These differences might be explained by specific abilities to accumulate and eliminate contaminant, mostly through cytochrome P450 pathway. Interindividual variation was also high and no correlation was observed between contamination and length, age or trophic level. Despite its major importance, actual bioaccumulation of PCB in deep fish is not as documented as in other marine ecosystems, calling for a better assessment of the factors driving individual bioaccumulation mechanisms and originating high variability in PCB contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Centre de Méditerranée, CS 20330, F-83 507 La Seyne sur Mer, France; Ifremer, Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France.
| | - Marie Claire Fabri
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Centre de Méditerranée, CS 20330, F-83 507 La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | - Françoise Marco Miralles
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Centre de Méditerranée, CS 20330, F-83 507 La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | - Jean-Louis Dufour
- Ifremer, Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Romain Elleboode
- Ifremer, Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Karine Sevin
- Ifremer, Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Kelig Mahé
- Ifremer, Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Marc Bouchoucha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, Centre de Méditerranée, CS 20330, F-83 507 La Seyne sur Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stagakis M, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Kalogeropoulos N, Leondiadis L. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Aegean Fish and Seafood. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Moraleda-Cibrián N, Carrassón M, Rosell-Melé A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) muscle from the Western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:513-519. [PMID: 25869202 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were quantified in muscle tissue of European hake, an ecologically and commercially important species. Samples were collected from the Western Mediterranean, in seven different stations at different depths and a batch was bought in a local market. PCBs are the dominant pollutants, but the overall concentrations do not show significant differences between the different specimens analyzed from various locations, with the exception of the concentration of PCBs at a shallow station close to the River Besòs mouth. This probably suggests that generally the pollutants in hake from the Western Mediterranean derive from historical and non-point sources. The occurrence of pollutants is widespread in the samples but their concentration is below recommended legal limits for fish or other foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núria Moraleda-Cibrián
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal de Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni Rosell-Melé
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Storelli MM, Giuliana Perrone V, Barone G. Organochlorine residues (PCBs and DDTs) in two torpedinid species' liver from the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:1160-1165. [PMID: 21340466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and PCB congeners accumulation profile were measured in the liver of two torpedinid species (Torpedo nobiliana and Torpedo marmorata) from the Mediterranean Sea (Adriatic Sea) in order to investigate the relative toxicological impact of these highly toxic PCBs in the organisms in question. METHODS A Thermo Trace GC connected to a Thermo PolarisQ MS operated in electron impact ionization (EI) mode was used to quantify PCBs and DDTs. The method performance was assessed through participation in interlaboratory studies organized by QUASIMEME. RESULTS PCBs emerged as the most abundant pollutants, followed by DDTs. Contaminant load was higher in T. nobiliana (PCBs, 1,040 ng g(-1) lipid weight; DDTs, 234 ng g(-1) lipid weight) than in T. marmorata (PCBs, 434 ng g(-1) lipid weight; DDTs, 78 ng g(-1) lipid weight). PCB 118, 138, 153, and 180 were the dominant congeners accounting for over 95.0% of the total PCBs. Among DDTs, p,p'-DDE was detected in both species, always with a greater concentration than other pesticides. CONCLUSIONS This study provides, for the first time, data regarding levels of organochlorine contamination in torpedinid species from the Mediterranean Sea. The comparability of TEQ levels with those encountered in predators at top of trophic chains constitutes a warning signal that should not be underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maddalena Storelli
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Section, Pharmacological-Biological Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Bari, Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mezzetta S, Cirlini M, Ceron P, Tecleanu A, Caligiani A, Palla G, Sansebastiano GE. Concentration of DL-PCBs in fish from market of Parma city (north Italy): estimated human intake. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:1293-1300. [PMID: 21196024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 12 congeners of non-ortho and mono-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣDL-PCB) were measured in 30 fish samples from Parma markets by GC/MS technique. The samples were randomly purchased, choosing the species commonly found in supermarkets. The concentration of DL-PCBs estimated remained under the fixed Italian limit of 4 pg g(-1)ww WHO-TEQ (World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalent) in the major part of the samples, so the situation seems to be not at a level sufficient to pose a risk to human health of the Parma population. The medium daily intake for DL-PCBs for Italian consumers (Parma) was also estimated. This value generally resulted minor than 2 pg g(-1) ww WHO-TEQ kg(-1) body weight, exceeding only in four cases: eel, smooth hound, starry smooth hound and tuna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mezzetta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100-Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Storelli MM, Barone G, Storelli A, Marcotrigiano GO. Levels and congener profiles of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in blue shark (Prionace glauca) liver from the South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Italy). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:37-42. [PMID: 20980044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver of blue shark (Prionace glauca) specimens from the South-Eastern Mediterranean Sea were analyzed for the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including coplanar congeners, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). PCBs were the dominant chemicals, followed by PCDFs and PCDDs. The pattern of PCB congener concentrations in the hepatic tissue was dominated by higher chlorinated compounds. The specific profile of toxic PCDD/F congeners was characterized mainly by 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, followed by 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF. The total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent (TEQs) was 149 pg g⁻¹ lipid wt. The profile of TEQ shows that PCDDs present the greatest risk to this species contributing to total toxicity with a percentage approximately of 60%, while the contribution of PCDFs and DL-PCBs is almost the same being 22.4% and 21.6%, respectively. Further investigations are urgently needed to characterize the PCDD/Fs contamination levels not only in elasmobranch fish but in all Mediterranean marine biota.
Collapse
|
8
|
Solé M, Antó M, Baena M, Carrasson M, Cartes JE, Maynou F. Hepatic biomarkers of xenobiotic metabolism in eighteen marine fish from NW Mediterranean shelf and slope waters in relation to some of their biological and ecological variables. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 70:181-188. [PMID: 20494437 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A suite of hepatic biomarkers currently used in pollution monitoring were measured in eighteen common fish species, comprising five orders, eleven families of teleosts and two elasmobranchs. The sampling was carried out seasonally in front of the Barcelona coast (NW Mediterranean) during 2007. The hepatic enzymes considered were the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase. As markers at higher levels of biological organization, feeding preferences (on benthic, suprabenthic or zooplanktonic species), swimming capability, stomach fullness and trophic level were considered. Significant species differences were found among all the biochemical parameters analysed, although no relationships among the biomarkers themselves were evidenced. In general enzymatic activities were much higher in teleosts than in elasmobranchs, and in perciforms than in gadiforms. Seasonality was observed in some species with higher activities usually corresponding to the winter period. No site related differences were observed in the two selected sites, which differ over a small pollution gradient. A multivariate canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed on shelf and slope species separately to relate biochemical markers with ecological variables. CCA revealed that for shelf species, EROD was positively related to benthos feeding as well as trophic level, while on the slope the clearest association was between suprabenthos feeders and trophic level. Our present results, including seasonality, slightly differ from former observations (Solé et al., 2009a) and reveal a more significant role of the ecological variables in controlling biomarkers expression in fish from the shelf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Solé
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Psg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|