1
|
Chaousis S, Leusch FD, Limpus CJ, Nouwens A, Weijs LJ, Weltmeyer A, Covaci A, van de Merwe JP. Non-targeted proteomics reveals altered immune response in geographically distinct populations of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114352. [PMID: 36210607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
All seven species of sea turtle are facing increasing pressures from human activities that are impacting their health. Changes in circulating blood proteins of an individual, or all members of a population, can provide an early indicator of adverse health outcomes. Non-targeted measurement of all detectable proteins in a blood sample can indicate physiological changes. In the context of wildlife toxicology, this technique can provide a powerful tool for discovering biomarkers of chemical exposure and effect. This study presents a non-targeted examination of the protein abundance in sea turtle plasma obtained from three geographically distinct foraging populations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on the Queensland coast. Relative changes in protein expression between sites were compared, and potential markers of contaminant exposure were investigated. Blood plasma protein profiles were distinct between populations, with 85 out of the 116 identified proteins differentially expressed (p < 0.001). The most strongly dysregulated proteins were predominantly acute phase proteins, suggestive of differing immune status between the populations. The highest upregulation of known markers of immunotoxicity, such as pentraxin fusion and complement factor h, was observed in the Moreton Bay turtles. Forty-five different organohalogens were also measured in green turtle plasma samples as exposure to some organohalogens (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls) has previously been identified as a cause for immune dysregulation in marine animals. The few detected organohalogens were at very low (pg/mL) concentrations in turtles from all sites, and are unlikely to be the cause of the proteome differences observed. However, the changes in protein expression may be indicative of exposure to other chemicals or environmental stressors. The results of this study provide important information about differences in protein expression between different populations of turtles, and guide future toxicological and health studies on east-Australian green sea turtles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chaousis
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Frederic Dl Leusch
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Liesbeth J Weijs
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Griffith School of Environment and Science and the Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Minoia L, Consales G, Mazzariol S, Mancusi C, Terracciano G, Ceciarini I, Capanni F, Neri A, D'Agostino A, Marsili L. Preliminary assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in tissues of Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) specimens stranded along the Italian coasts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114470. [PMID: 36528010 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological and pathological research on Grampus griseus (Cuvier, 1812) (Risso's dolphins) is scarce both globally and in the Mediterranean Sea. This species has been classified as "Vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the Mediterranean Sea. To evaluate the presence of "persistent organic pollutants" (POPs), especially organochlorine compounds (OCs), in the animals, chemical analyses were performed on tissues and organs of Risso's dolphin stranded along the Italian coasts between 1998 and 2021. Toxic contaminants such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) were examined in the blubber, liver, muscle, and brain of 20 animals, and data was correlated with sex, age, and stranding locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Minoia
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, Villa del Principe, Via San Benedetto 2, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - G Consales
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, Villa del Principe, Via San Benedetto 2, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
| | - S Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science - BCA, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - C Mancusi
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Environmental Protection Agency Tuscany Region (ARPAT), Via Giovanni Marradi 114, 57126 Livorno, Italy
| | - G Terracciano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana - Sezione di Pisa, Via SS Abetone Brennero 4, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Ceciarini
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Capanni
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Neri
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; CIBM - Consortium for the Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", viale N. Sauro 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy
| | - A D'Agostino
- Department of Management Studies and Quantitative Methods (DISAQ), University of Naples Parthenope, Via Generale Parisi 13, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Marsili
- Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per la Ricerca sui CEtacei (CIRCE), Department of Physical Sciences Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Strada Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asnicar D, Zanovello L, Badocco D, Munari M, Marin MG. Different ecological histories of sea urchins acclimated to reduced pH influence offspring response to multiple stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113131. [PMID: 35337831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
End-of-the-century predictions on carbon dioxide (CO2) driven ocean acidification and the continuous leakage of pesticides from inland to coastal areas are of concern for potential negative effects on marine species' early life stages which are the most vulnerable to environmental changes. Variations in seawater chemistry related to human activities may interfere with the normal development from embryo to juvenile/adult stage. However, transgenerational studies suggest that the parental generation can influence the offspring phenotype, and thus their performances, based on the environment experienced. Here we compared the transgenerational responses to a multiple stressor scenario in sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) that experienced different environments since their settlement: i.e., animals from a highly variable environment, such as the Venice lagoon, versus animals from a coastal area with prevailing oligotrophic conditions in the Northern Adriatic Sea. After long-term maintenance (2 and 6 months) of adult sea urchins at natural and -0.4 units reduced pH, the F1 generations were obtained. Embryos were reared under four experimental conditions: natural and -0.4 pH both in the absence and in the presence of an emerging contaminants' mixture (glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid at environmentally relevant concentrations, 100 μg/L). A significant detrimental effect of both the parental and the filial pH was highlighted, affecting embryo development and growth. Nonetheless, sea urchins from both sites were able to cope with ocean acidification. The 6-months F1 response was better than that of the 2-months F1. Conversely, the F1 response of the sea urchins maintained at natural conditions did not change sensibly after more prolonged parental exposure. An additive but mild negative effect of the mixture was observed, mostly in lagoon offspring. Results suggest that long-term exposure to reduced pH leads to transgenerational acclimation but does not affect susceptibility to the tested pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Asnicar
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Zanovello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Punta San Pietro, 80077, Ischia, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guan R, Li N, Wang W, Liu W, Li X, Zhao C. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) of estrogen interference effect induced by triphenyl phosphate (TPP): Integrated multi-omics and molecular dynamics approaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113387. [PMID: 35272188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) has been detected with increasing frequency in various biota and environmental media, and it has been confirmed that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) was involved in the estrogenic activity of TPP. Therefore, it is necessary to link the estrogen-interfering effects and possible mechanisms of action of TPP with the molecular initiation event (MIE) to improve its adverse outcome pathway framework. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic methods were used to analyze the estrogen interference effect of TPP mediated by GPER, and the causal relationship was supplemented by molecular dynamics simulation and fluorescence analysis. The omics results showed that TPP could regulate the response of key GPER signaling factors and the activation of downstream pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway. The similar activation effect of TPP and agonist G1 change of GPER was proved by molecular dynamics simulation. After TPP binding, the conformation of GPER will change from the inactive to active state. Therefore, TPP may affect cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis and regulate gene transcription and kinase activity, leading to abnormal immune function and other estrogen-dependent cell processes and cancer through GPER, ultimately causing the estrogen interference effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ningqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El Mourabit Y, Agnaou M, Ait Alla A, Moukrim A. Assessment of the marine ecotoxic state in the Moroccan coastal area Anza-Taghazout following the installation of two wastewater treatment plants: a multibiomarker study using Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11718-11729. [PMID: 34546524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is the first to evaluate the ecotoxic state of the marine environment in Anza-Taghazout coasts (Morocco) after installation of two wastewater treatment plants using a natural population of marine bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis. These coasts are exposed to many discharges generating, thus, different sources of pollutants. These pollutants can modulate the physiological responses of marine bivalves to environmental stress. In this context, a multibiomarker approach consisting of a battery of biomarker evaluation was used to assess the response of these species to stress. In the whole soft tissues of M. galloprovincialis, four biomarkers were evaluated as follows: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (Cat), and malondialdehyde activity (MDA). In parallel, physico-chemical parameters were measured in the marine water of Anza-Taghazout within three selected sites: S1 considered as "hotspot" located at Anza city; S2 located near of Aourir city; and the third site, S3 "reference" located in Imouran beach. Our results showed that activities of both glutathione S-transferase and catalase were higher in M. galloprovincialis collected from site S1, but high values of malondialdehyde and acetylcholinesterase activities were observed successively at S3 and S2. Application of integrated biomarker response (IBR) index was suitable for classifying the stress response in the M. galloprovincialis but did not allow to evaluate the level of the xenobiotic exposure in the studied sites. The statistical results did not show any significant differences between the three studied sites, and therefore, S1 has recently become clean due to the installation of two wastewater treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Mourabit
- Laboratory of "Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environment", Faculty of Science of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 8106, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Mustapha Agnaou
- Laboratory of "Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environment", Faculty of Science of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Aicha Ait Alla
- Laboratory of "Aquatic Systems: Marine and Continental Environment", Faculty of Science of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 8106, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Moukrim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Integrated Genomic and Bioinformatics Approaches to Identify Molecular Links between Endocrine Disruptors and Adverse Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010574. [PMID: 35010832 PMCID: PMC8744944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) has been linked with several adverse outcomes. In this review, we examine EDCs that are pervasive in the environment and are of concern in the context of human, animal, and environmental health. We explore the consequences of EDC exposure on aquatic life, terrestrial animals, and humans. We focus on the exploitation of genomics technologies and in particular whole transcriptome sequencing. Genome-wide analyses using RNAseq provides snap shots of cellular, tissue and whole organism transcriptomes under normal physiological and EDC perturbed conditions. A global view of gene expression provides highly valuable information as it uncovers gene families or more specifically, pathways that are affected by EDC exposures, but also reveals those that are unaffected. Hypotheses about genes with unknown functions can also be formed by comparison of their expression levels with genes of known function. Risk assessment strategies leveraging genomic technologies and the development of toxicology databases are explored. Finally, we review how the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) has exploited this high throughput data to provide a framework for toxicology studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Emerging Contaminants in Seafront Zones. Environmental Impact and Analytical Approaches. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8070095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some chemical substances have the potential to enter the coastal and marine environment and cause adverse effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and human health. For a large majority of them, their fate and effects are poorly understood as well as their use still unregulated. Finding effective and sustainable strategies for the identification of these emerging and/or anthropogenic contaminants that might cause polluting effects in marine environments to mitigate their adverse effects, is of utmost importance and a great challenge for managers, regulators and researchers. In this review we will evaluate the impact of emerging contaminants (ECs) on marine coastal zones namely in their ecosystems and biodiversity, highlighting the potential risks of organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Emerging microextraction techniques and high-resolution analytical platforms used in isolation, identification and quantification of ECs will be also reviewed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pendergraft MA, Grimes DJ, Giddings SN, Feddersen F, Beall CM, Lee C, Santander MV, Prather KA. Airborne transmission pathway for coastal water pollution. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11358. [PMID: 34164231 PMCID: PMC8191489 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, over one hundred million people become ill and tens of thousands die from exposure to viruses and bacteria from sewage transported to the ocean by rivers, estuaries, stormwater, and other coastal discharges. Water activities and seafood consumption have been emphasized as the major exposure pathways to coastal water pollution. In contrast, relatively little is known about the potential for airborne exposure to pollutants and pathogens from contaminated seawater. The Cross Surfzone/Inner-shelf Dye Exchange (CSIDE) study was a large-scale experiment designed to investigate the transport pathways of water pollution along the coast by releasing dye into the surfzone in Imperial Beach, CA. Additionally, we leveraged this ocean-focused study to investigate potential airborne transmission of coastal water pollution by collecting complementary air samples along the coast and inland. Aerial measurements tracked sea surface dye concentrations along 5+ km of coast at 2 m × 2 m resolution. Dye was detected in the air over land for the first 2 days during two of the three dye releases, as far as 668 m inland and 720 m downwind of the ocean. These coordinated water/air measurements, comparing dye concentrations in the air and upwind source waters, provide insights into the factors that lead to the water-to-air transfer of pollutants. These findings show that coastal water pollution can reach people through an airborne pathway and this needs to be taken into account when assessing the full impact of coastal ocean pollution on public health. This study sets the stage for further studies to determine the details and importance of airborne exposure to sewage-based pathogens and toxins in order to fully assess the impact of coastal pollution on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Pendergraft
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Derek J Grimes
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah N Giddings
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Falk Feddersen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charlotte M Beall
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Lee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Mitchell V Santander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novel Protocol for Acute In Situ Ecotoxicity Test Using Native Crustaceans Applied to Groundwater Ecosystems. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current standardized laboratory test protocols use model species that have limitations to accurately assess native species responses to stressors. We developed and tested a novel acute in situ protocol for testing field-collected organisms. We used Asellus aquaticus and NaCl as a reference toxicant to test for the effects of location (laboratory vs. in situ), medium (synthetic vs. field water), substrate (presence vs. absence), and protocol replicability. We further tested the protocol using groundwater-adapted isopods: Proasellus assaforensis for the effect of location, P. cavaticus of medium and P.lusitanicus of substrate. Our results showed that A.aquaticus’ lethality obtained with the novel acute in situ protocol did not significantly differ from those from laboratory testing. However, laboratory tested P.assaforensis showed a higher sensitivity, suggesting that its acclimation to laboratory conditions might have pernicious effects. A. aquaticus and P. cavaticus showed a higher mortality using synthetic medium in situ and under laboratory conditions, which overestimated the stressor’s effect. Besides, substrate use had no significant effect. The novel acute in situ protocol allows the use of native species under realistic scenarios. It is particularly well adapted for assessing the risk of groundwater ecosystems but it can be applied to a wide range of ecosystems.
Collapse
|
10
|
Can Microplastics Influence the Accumulation of Pb in Tissues of Blue Crab? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073599. [PMID: 33808473 PMCID: PMC8036250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of microplastics (MPs) and associated pollutants is essential for a better understanding of some of the factors that threaten marine ecosystems. The main objective of this study was thus to assess Pb distribution and accumulation in the tissues of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) exposed to MPs. Blue crabs were collected from the mouth of the river Segura (Guardamar, Spain) and fed on mussels from two Mediterranean areas with different levels of Pb contamination: Portmán Bay and San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia, Spain). In addition, a batch of each group were exposed to MPs. After seven days of exposure, the crabs were euthanised, and tissues and faeces were analysed. The hepatopancreas was found to be the best tissue for measuring Pb concentrations after feeding; muscle tissue did not provide information on environmental quality. The meat (muscle) consumption of blue crabs from zones with high Pb content does not seem to constitute a risk for consumers, although the risk is not totally negated if all soft tissues are ingested. The presence of MPs in the water does not seem to increase the accumulation of Pb in these tissues of C. sapidus.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mehinto AC, Thornton Hampton LM, Vidal-Dorsch DE, Garcia-Reyero N, Arick MA, Maruya KA, Lao W, Vulpe CD, Brown-Augustine M, Loguinov A, Bay SM. Transcriptomic response patterns of hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) dosed with polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 38:100822. [PMID: 33684654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of environmental contaminants on aquatic health, extensive surveys of fish populations have been conducted using bioaccumulation as an indicator of impairment. While these studies have reported mixtures of chemicals in fish tissues, the relationship between specific contaminants and observed adverse impacts remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to characterize the toxicological responses induced by persistent organic pollutants in wild-caught hornyhead turbot (P. verticalis). To do so, hornyhead turbot were interperitoneally injected with a single dose of PCB or PBDE congeners prepared using environmentally realistic mixture proportions. After 96-hour exposure, the livers were excised and analyzed using transcriptomic approaches and analytical chemistry. Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs measured in the livers indicated clear differences across treatments, and congener profiles closely mirrored our expectations. Distinct gene profiles were characterized for PCB and PBDE exposed fish, with significant differences observed in the expression of genes associated with immune responses, endocrine-related functions, and lipid metabolism. Our findings highlight the key role that transcriptomics can play in monitoring programs to assess chemical-induced toxicity in heterogeneous group of fish (mixed gender and life stage) as is typically found during field surveys. Altogether, the present study provides further evidence of the potential of transcriptomic tools to improve aquatic health assessment and identify causative agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvine C Mehinto
- Department of Toxicology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA; Department of Chemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA.
| | - Leah M Thornton Hampton
- Department of Toxicology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Doris E Vidal-Dorsch
- Department of Toxicology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Mark A Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Keith A Maruya
- Department of Chemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - Christopher D Vulpe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marianna Brown-Augustine
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alex Loguinov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Steven M Bay
- Department of Toxicology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lonsdale JA, Blake S, Griffith A. A novel systematic, risk based approach to support the designation of aquatic disposal sites. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111874. [PMID: 33310542 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans rely fundamentally on the marine environment, which is at the same time subject to an increasingly broad range of anthropogenic pressures, leading to growing concerns and the need for effective management for marine protection. One activity is the dredging of ports and harbours which is necessary to maintain safe channels for commercial and recreational navigation. Regulatory authorities in developing countries have few resources to conduct full EIAs for determining dredged material disposal sites but are required to do so under international obligations. The Tool in this paper provides an effective, pragmatic, transparent, consistent, and robust approach to protect the environment whilst using limited technical and scientific resources through a risk based approach to defining need, characterising and designating disposal sites at sea for dredged material. Whilst this approach for dredged material disposal sites was developed for use in UK, this process is equally applicable to other waste types, worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma-Anne Lonsdale
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Sylvia Blake
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew Griffith
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
López-Berenguer G, Bossi R, Eulaers I, Dietz R, Peñalver J, Schulz R, Zubrod J, Sonne C, Martínez-López E. Stranded cetaceans warn of high perfluoroalkyl substance pollution in the western Mediterranean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115367. [PMID: 32866862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of organohalogenated compounds of environmental concern due to similar characteristics as the well-studied legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that typically show environmental persistence, biomagnification and toxicity. Nevertheless, PFAS are still poorly regulated internationally and in many aspects poorly understood. Here, we studied liver and muscle concentrations in five cetacean species stranded at the southeastern coast of Spain during 2009-2018. Twelve of the fifteen targeted compounds were detected in >50% of the liver samples. Hepatic concentrations were significantly higher than those in muscle reflecting the particular toxicokinetics of these compounds. Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus showed the highest hepatic ΣPFAS (n = 5; 796.8 ± 709.0 ng g-1 ww) concentrations, followed by striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (n = 29; 259.5 ± 136.2 ng g-1 ww), sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus (n = 1; 252.8 ng g-1 ww), short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis (n = 2; 240.3 ± 218.6 ng g-1 ww) and Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus (n = 1; 78.7 ng g-1 ww). These interspecies differences could be partially explained by habitat preferences, although they could generally not be related to trophic position or food chain proxied by stable N (δ15N) and C (δ13C) isotope values, respectively. PFAS profiles in all species showed a similar pattern of concentration prevalence in the order PFOS>PFOSA>PFNA≈PFFUnA>PFDA. The higher number of samples available for striped dolphin allowed for evaluating their PFAS burden and profile in relation to the stranding year, stable isotope values, and biological variables including sex and length. However, we could only find links between δ15N and PFAS burdens in muscle tissue, and between stranding year and PFAS profile composition. Despite reductions in the manufacturing industry, these compounds still appear in high concentrations compared to more than two decades ago in the Mediterranean Sea and PFOS remains the dominating compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Bossi
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - I Eulaers
- Section of Marine Mammals, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - R Dietz
- Section of Marine Mammals, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - J Peñalver
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Fishing and Aquaculture Service (CARM), Murcia, Spain
| | - R Schulz
- IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - J Zubrod
- IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - C Sonne
- Section of Marine Mammals, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Emnet P, Mahaliyana AS, Northcott G, Gaw S. Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Effluents and the Receiving Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota of Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), New Zealand. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:461-477. [PMID: 33128586 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are receiving environments for micropollutants due to high levels of associated anthropogenic activities. Effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of micropollutants to coastal environments. Wastewater effluents, seawater, sediments, and green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) in Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), Christchurch, New Zealand, were analysed for a suite of personal care products and steroid hormones during a 1-year period. In wastewater effluents, the concentration of methyl paraben (mParaben), ethyl paraben (eParaben), propyl paraben (pParaben), butyl paraben (bParaben), 4-t-octylphenol (OP), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), triclosan, methyl triclosan (mTric), Bisphenol A (BPA), Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and Estriol (E3) ranged from < 0.6 to 429 ng L-1 and was dominated by OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, triclosan, BP-1, and BPA. In seawater, 4-MBC, BP-3, BPA, and E1 were the most frequently detected contaminants (< 0.2-9.4 ng L-1). Coastal sediment samples contained mParaben, OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, BP-1, BPA, OMC, and E1 (< 0.2-11 ng g-1 d.w.), and mParaben, OP, and BP-3 were found to bioaccumulate (3.8-21.3 ng g-1 d.w.) in green lipped mussels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Emnet
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 64380, Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Anjula Sachintha Mahaliyana
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Passara Rd, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Grant Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Limited, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baldwin WS, Bain LJ, Di Giulio R, Kullman S, Rice CD, Ringwood AH, den Hurk PV. 20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20): Global issues and fundamental mechanisms caused by pollutant stress in marine and freshwater organisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105620. [PMID: 32932042 PMCID: PMC11106729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The 20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20) conference provided a forum for scientists from around the world to communicate novel toxicological research findings specifically focused on aquatic organisms, by combining applied and basic research at the intersection of environmental and mechanistic toxicology. The work highlighted in this special issue of Aquatic Toxicology, a special issue of Marine Environmental Research, and presented through posters and presentations, encompass important and emerging topics in freshwater and marine toxicology. This includes multiple types of emerging contaminants including microplastics and UV filtering chemicals. Other studies aimed to further our understanding of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Further research presented in this virtual issue examined the interactive effects of chemicals and pathogens, while the final set of manuscripts demonstrates continuing efforts to combine traditional biomonitoring, data from -omic technologies, and modeling for use in risk assessment and management. An additional goal of PRIMO meetings is to address the link between environmental and human health. Several articles in this issue of Aquatic Toxicology describe the appropriateness of using aquatic organisms as models for human health, while the keynote speakers, as described in the editorial below, presented research that highlighted bioaccumulation of contaminants such as PFOS and mercury from fish to marine mammals and coastal human populations such as the Gullah/GeeChee near Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States.
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| | - Richard Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| | - Seth Kullman
- Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - Charles D Rice
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| | - Amy H Ringwood
- Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States.
| | - Peter van den Hurk
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hill T, Rooney J, Abedini J, El-Masri H, Wood CE, Corton JC. Gene Expression Thresholds Derived From Short-term Exposures Identify Rat Liver Tumorigens. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:41-59. [PMID: 32603419 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods for cancer risk assessment are resource-intensive, retrospective, and not feasible for the vast majority of environmental chemicals. In this study, we investigated whether quantitative genomic data from short-term studies may be used to set protective thresholds for potential tumorigenic effects. We hypothesized that gene expression biomarkers measuring activation of the key early events in established pathways for rodent liver cancer exhibit cross-chemical thresholds for tumorigenesis predictive for liver cancer risk. We defined biomarker thresholds for 6 major liver cancer pathways using training sets of chemicals with short-term genomic data (3-29 days of exposure) from the TG-GATES (n = 77 chemicals) and DrugMatrix (n = 86 chemicals) databases and then tested these thresholds within and between datasets. The 6 pathway biomarkers represented genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and activation of xenobiotic, steroid, and lipid receptors (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive activated receptor, estrogen receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α). Thresholds were calculated as the maximum values derived from exposures without detectable liver tumor outcomes. We identified clear response values that were consistent across training and test sets. Thresholds derived from the TG-GATES training set were highly predictive (97%) in a test set of independent chemicals, whereas thresholds derived from the DrugMatrix study were 96%-97% predictive for the TG-GATES study. Threshold values derived from an abridged gene list (2/biomarker) also exhibited high predictive accuracy (91%-94%). These findings support the idea that early genomic changes can be used to establish threshold estimates or "molecular tipping points" that are predictive of later-life health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hill
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), NHEERL, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - John Rooney
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), NHEERL, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.,Integrated Laboratory Systems, Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Jaleh Abedini
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure.,Integrated Laboratory Systems, Morrisville, NC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comero S, Dalla Costa S, Cusinato A, Korytar P, Kephalopoulos S, Bopp S, Gawlik BM. A conceptual data quality framework for IPCHEM – The European Commission Information Platform for chemical monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Morrissey CA, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. Environment and food web structure interact to alter the trophic magnification of persistent chemicals across river ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137271. [PMID: 32065886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legacy organic pollutants persist in freshwater environments, but there is limited understanding of how their trophic transfer and effects vary across riverine ecosystems with different land use, biological communities and food webs. Here, we investigated the trophic magnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a suite of organochlorines (OCs) across nine riverine food webs in contrasting hydrological catchments across South Wales (United Kingdom). Pollutants biomagnified through the food webs in all catchments studied, in some cases reaching levels sufficient for biological effects on invertebrates, fish and river birds such as the Dipper (Cinclus cinclus). Trophic magnification differed across food webs depending on pollutant characteristics (e.g. octanol-water partitioning coefficient) and site-specific environmental conditions (e.g. land use, water chemistry and basal resource composition). The trophic magnification of PBDEs, PCBs and OCs also reflected food-web structure, with greater accumulation in more connected food webs with more generalist taxa. These data highlight interactions between pollutant properties, environmental conditions and biological network structure in the transfer and biomagnification of POPs in river ecosystems. We advocate the need for further investigations of system-specific transfers of contaminants through aquatic food webs as these factors appear to have important implications for risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B5, Canada
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
López-Berenguer G, Peñalver J, Martínez-López E. A critical review about neurotoxic effects in marine mammals of mercury and other trace elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125688. [PMID: 31896013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are more exposed to mercury (Hg) than any others animals in the world. As many trace elements, Hg it is able to impair the brain function, which could be a cause of population decline. Nevertheless, these issues have been scarcely studied because of the technical and ethical difficulties. We conducted a systematic review about marine mammals' brain exposition to Hg and other trace elements, and their neurotoxic effects. Information was scarce and the lack of standardization of nomenclature of brain structures, sample collecting and results presentation made it difficult to obtain conclusions. Hg was the most studied metal and toothed whales the most studied group. Despite being its target organ, brain accumulates lesser concentrations of Hg than other tissues as liver. We found a significant positive correlation between both organs' burden (rho = 0.956 for cetaceans; rho = 0.756 for pinnipeds). Reported Hg values in brain of cetaceans (median 3.00 ppm ww) surpassed by one or two orders of magnitude those values found in other species as pinnipeds (median 0.33 ppm ww) or polar bears (median 0.07 ppm ww). Such values exceeded neurotoxicity thresholds. Although marine mammals ingest mostly the organic and more toxic form MeHg, different fractions of inorganic mercury can appear in brain, which could suggest some detoxification mechanisms. Other suggested mechanisms include Se-Hg interaction and liver sequestration. Although other elements are subjected to a rigid homeostatic control, appear in low concentrations or do not exert an important neurotoxic effect, they should be more studied to elucidate their neurotoxicity potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G López-Berenguer
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Peñalver
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (CARM), 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
K'oreje KO, Okoth M, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Occurrence and treatment of contaminants of emerging concern in the African aquatic environment: Literature review and a look ahead. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109752. [PMID: 31733478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Awareness about the rising detection and reported (eco)toxicological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, e.g. pharmaceuticals and personal care products - PPCPs - and modern pesticides) in the aquatic environment is growing. CECs are increasingly reported in the African aquatic environment, although the amount of data available is still limited. In this work, a comprehensive review is presented on the occurrence of CECs in wastewater, sludge, surface water, sediment, groundwater and drinking water of Africa. Further attention is given to the performance of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) and trickling filters (TF) with respect to CECs removal. For the first time, we also look at the state of knowledge on the performance of point-of-use technologies (POUs) regarding the removal of CECs in drinking water. Generally, CECs in Africa occur at the same order of magnitude as in the Western world. However, for particular groups of compounds and at specific locations such as informal settlements, clearly higher concentrations are reported in Africa. Whereas antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs are rarely detected in the Western world, occurrence patterns in Africa reveal concentrations up to >100 μg L-1. Removal efficiencies of WSPs and TFs focus mainly on PPCPs and vary significantly, ranging from no removal (e.g. carbamazepine) to better than 99.9% (e.g. paracetamol). Despite the rising adoption of POUs, limited but promising information is available on their performance regarding CECs treatment in drinking water, particularly for the low-cost devices (e.g. ceramic filters and solar disinfection - SODIS) being adopted in Africa and other developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Otieno K'oreje
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Water Resources Authority (WRA), P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cerro-Gálvez E, Sala MM, Marrasé C, Gasol JM, Dachs J, Vila-Costa M. Modulation of microbial growth and enzymatic activities in the marine environment due to exposure to organic contaminants of emerging concern and hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:486-498. [PMID: 31077927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants are continuously being introduced in seawater with uncharacterized impacts on the engines of the marine biogeochemical cycles, the microorganisms. The effects on marine microbial communities were assessed for perfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and n-alkanes. Dose-response experiments were performed at three stations and at three depths in the NW Mediterranean with contrasted nutrient and pollutant concentrations. In these experiments, the microbial growth rates, the abundances of the main bacterial groups, measured by Catalyzed Reporter Deposition Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH), and extracellular enzymatic activities, were quantified. Increasing concentrations of organic pollutants (OPs) promoted different responses in the communities that were compound, organism and nutrient availability (trophic status). The largest differences between OP treatments and controls in the growth rates of both heterotrophic and phototrophic microbial groups were observed in seawater from the deep chlorophyll maxima. Furthermore, there was a compound specific stimulation of different extracellular enzymatic activities after the exposure to OPs. Our results revealed that marine microbial communities reacted not only to hydrocarbons, known to be used as a carbon source, but also to low concentrations of organic pollutants of emerging concern in a complex manner, reflecting the variability of various environmental variables. Multiple linear regressions suggested that organic pollutants modulated the bacterial growth and extracellular enzymatic activities, but this modulation was of lower magnitude than the observed pronounced response of the microbial community to nutrient availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cerro-Gálvez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - M Montserrat Sala
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cèlia Marrasé
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, ICM-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berninger JP, Tillitt DE. Polychlorinated biphenyl tissue-concentration thresholds for survival, growth, and reproduction in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:712-736. [PMID: 30548322 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have left a legacy of environmental contamination. Even though they were banned from production and active use in the 1970s, they persist in the environment and still have the potential to impact aquatic life. Our objective was to identify data from controlled laboratory studies of PCB-related adverse effects in fish and to conduct a meta-analysis on mortality, growth, and reproductive (MGR) threshold responses. For each endpoint type, we compiled data on the lowest-observed-adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) and the degree of effect at the LOAEC as a percentage of control. The LOAECs were expressed as tissue concentrations, so the term lowest-observed-adverse-effect residue concentration (LOAER) was used to represent PCB exposures. The lower limit of applicability was set at 0.1 μg/g total PCB tissue concentration, below which adverse MGR effects in fish were not supported by the data. Sensitivity distributions identifying the probability of adverse effects in fish populations or communities predicted that 25% of fish species would be impacted between 0.1 and 7.5 μg/g. Concentration-response threshold regressions were developed from the MGR datasets. For example, a 1 μg/g total PCB tissue concentration would predict effects of 17% mortality, 15% growth, and 39% reproductive. The analysis determined the degree of adverse response, with uncertainty estimates, expected across a broad range of PCB tissue exposure concentrations in fish. Data generated from MGR endpoints were combined to determine an approach for overall effect thresholds for PCB-related injury in fish. The MGR datasets included only laboratory data; however, responses were compared with field-observed effects. The present review provides a comprehensive assessment of PCB-induced injury in fish utilizing a data-inclusive approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:712-736. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Berninger
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Strubbia S, Lyons BP, Lee RJ. Spatial and temporal variation of three biomarkers in Mytilus edulis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:322-327. [PMID: 30660280 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions and xenobiotic exposure can be sources of stress to living organisms. Biological markers are measurable indicator of changes which may happen at any biological level and which can be considered an early warning signal of some biological or environmental state or condition. A structured field study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between three biomarker assays and the spatial and temporal variation of each biomarker in samples of Mytilus edulis. The three biomarkers were the neutral red retention assay, micronucleus assay and comet assay, which indicate damage at different cellular/molecular levels. Three sites in Poole Harbour, an area on the South coast of the UK were sampled on six separate occasions at least three weeks apart. The results for the comet assay showed a significant difference between sites and between sampling dates whereas the results for the other two assays did not show a significant difference for either factor. There was no significant correlation between the results of any pair of the three biomarkers. The results of the micronucleus assay showed a significant correlation with water temperature. This temperature effect, as well as induced repair, may contribute to explain the lack of a strict correspondence between pollution gradients and biomarkers responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Strubbia
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche (IZSUM), Italy.
| | - B P Lyons
- Cefas, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - R J Lee
- Cefas, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rogers JJ, Henley WF, Weberg AG, Jones JW, Gregory Cope W. Assessment of growth, survival, and organ tissues of caged mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a river-scape influenced by coal mining in the southeastern USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1273-1286. [PMID: 30248852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Clinch River contains one of the most diverse freshwater mussel assemblages in the United States, with 46 extant species, 20 of which are listed as federally endangered. In a 91 km section of the Clinch River, mussel densities have severely declined at key sites from 1979 to 2014 (zone of decline), compared to other river sections that support high density and stable mussel populations (zone of stability). Coal mining has occurred in tributary watersheds that drain to the zone of decline since the late nineteenth century. To determine differences in survival, growth, and organ (gills, digestive glands, kidneys, and gonads) tissue health between the river zones, laboratory-propagated mussels were deployed to cages for one year at four sites each within the zones of mussel stability and decline. Means of growth and survival of mussels in the zone of stability were significantly greater than in the zone of decline, and mean fractions of kidney lipofuscin in mussels in the zone of decline was significantly greater than in the zone of stability. Water concentrations of K+, Na+, Al, and Mn were significantly greater in the zone of decline than in the zone of stability. Statistical correlation results indicated that mussel survival was positively associated with concentrations of Mn in water, and kidney lipofuscin was negatively associated with concentrations of dissolved K+, SO42-, and Mg2+. Most concentrations of contaminants were below published benchmark criteria, yet our results suggest that conditions continue to exist in the zone of decline that promote impacts to mussels that are at least partially associated with low concentration coal-related contaminants. More research is needed to determine the additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these complex ionic mixtures on freshwater mussels from river environments, such as in the Clinch River, where constituent concentrations are relatively low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Rogers
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - William F Henley
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Amanda G Weberg
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jess W Jones
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - W Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balbi T, Montagna M, Fabbri R, Carbone C, Franzellitti S, Fabbri E, Canesi L. Diclofenac affects early embryo development in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:601-609. [PMID: 29909327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac-DCF, one of the most widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is globally detected in environmental compartments. Due to its occurrence in freshwater and potential impact on aquatic organisms, it has been added to the watch list of chemicals in the EU Water Directive; consequently, research on the impact of DCF in model aquatic organisms has great regulatory implications towards ecosystem health. DCF is also detected in coastal waters at concentrations from ng/L to 1 μg/L, as well as in marine organisms, such as the mussel Mytilus. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental concentrations of DCF have multiple impacts in adult mussels. Moreover, in M. galloprovincialis, DCF has been shown to affect early embryo development. The developmental effects of DCF in mussels were further investigated. DFC (1 and 10 μg/L) was added at different times post-fertilization (30 min and 24 hpf) and the effects were compared in the 48 hpf embryotoxicity assay. Shell mineralization and morphology were investigated by polarized light microscopy, X-Ray Spectrometry-XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy-SEM. Transcriptional profiles of 12 selected genes physiologically regulated across early embryo development were assessed at 24 and 48 hpf. DCF induced shell malformations, irrespectively of concentration and time of exposure. DCF phenotypes were characterized by convex hinges, undulated edges, fractured shells. However, no changes in biomineralization were observed. DCF affected gene transcription at both times pf, in particular at 1 μg/L. The most affected genes were those involved in early shell formation (CS, CA, EP) and biotransformation (ABCB, GST). The results confirm that Mytilus early development represents a significant target for environmental concentrations of DCF. These data underline how the standard embryotoxicity assay, in combination with a structural and transcriptomic approach, represents a powerful tool for evaluating the early impact of pharmaceuticals on mussel embryos, and identification of the possible underlying mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Carbone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bolinius DJ, Sobek A, Löf MF, Undeman E. Evaluating the consumption of chemical products and articles as proxies for diffuse emissions to the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1427-1440. [PMID: 30207349 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have evaluated the use of consumption of manufactured products (chemical products and articles) in the EU as proxies for diffuse emissions of chemicals to the environment. The content of chemical products is relatively well known. However, the content of articles (products defined by their shape rather than their composition) is less known and currently has to be estimated from chemicals that are known to occur in a small set of materials, such as plastics, that are part of the articles. Using trade and production data from Eurostat in combination with product composition data from a database on chemical content in materials (the Commodity Guide), we were able to calculate trends in the apparent consumption and in-use stocks for 768 chemicals in the EU for the period 2003-2016. The results showed that changes in the apparent consumption of these chemicals over time are smaller than in the consumption of corresponding products in which the chemicals are present. In general, our results suggest that little change in chemical consumption has occurred over the timespan studied, partly due to the financial crisis in 2008 which led to a sudden drop in the consumption, and partly due to the fact that each of the chemicals studied is present in a wide variety of products. Estimated in-use stocks of chemicals show an increasing trend over time, indicating that the mass of chemicals in articles in the EU, that could potentially be released to the environment, is increasing. The quantitative results from this study are associated with large uncertainties due to limitations of the available data. These limitations are highlighted in this study and further underline the current lack of transparency on chemicals in articles. Recommendations on how to address these limitations are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien J Bolinius
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
The future trajectory of adverse outcome pathways: a commentary. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1657-1661. [PMID: 29549413 PMCID: PMC5882624 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) has provided a new lexicon for description of mechanistic toxicology, and a renewed enthusiasm for exploring modes of action resulting in adverse health and environmental effects. In addition, AOPs have been used successfully as a framework for the design and development of non-animal approaches to toxicity testing. Although the value of AOPs is widely recognised, there remain challenges and opportunities associated with their use in practise. The purpose of this article is to consider specifically how the future trajectory of AOPs may provide a basis for addressing some of those challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Neira C, Vales M, Mendoza G, Hoh E, Levin LA. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in recreational marina sediments of San Diego Bay, southern California. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:204-214. [PMID: 29421090 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were determined in surface sediments from three recreational marinas in San Diego Bay, California. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 23 to 153, 31-294, and 151-1387ngg-1 for Shelter Island Yacht Basin (SIYB), Harbor Island West (HW) and Harbor Island East (HE), respectively. PCB concentrations were significantly higher in HE and PCB group composition differed relative to HW and SIYB, which were not significantly different from each other in concentration or group composition. In marina sediments there was a predominance (82-85%) of heavier molecular weight PCBs with homologous groups (6CL-7CL) comprising 59% of the total. In HE 75% of the sites exceeded the effect range median (ERM), and toxicity equivalence (TEQ dioxin-like PCBs) values were higher relative to those of HW and SIYB, suggesting a potential ecotoxicological risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neira
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Vales
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Mendoza
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eunha Hoh
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodd AL, Messier NJ, Vaslet CA, Kane AB. A 3D fish liver model for aquatic toxicology: Morphological changes and Cyp1a induction in PLHC-1 microtissues after repeated benzo(a)pyrene exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:134-144. [PMID: 28282620 PMCID: PMC5436724 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify the potential environmental impacts of aquatic pollutants, rapid and sensitive screening tools are needed to assess adaptive and toxic responses. This study characterizes a novel fish liver microtissue model, produced with the cell line PLHC-1, as an in vitro aquatic toxicity testing platform. These 3D microtissues remain viable and stable throughout the 8-day testing period and relative to 2D monolayers, show increased basal expression of the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 1A (Cyp1a). To evaluate pulsed, low-dose exposures at environmentally relevant concentrations, microtissue responsiveness to the model toxicant benzo(a)pyrene was assessed after single and repeated exposures for determination of both immediate and persistent effects. Significant induction of Cyp1a gene and protein expression was detected after a single 24h exposure to as little as 1nM benzo(a)pyrene, and after a 24h recovery period, Cyp1a expression declined in a dose-dependent manner. However, cell death continued to increase during the recovery period and alterations in microtissue architecture occurred at higher concentrations. To evaluate a pulsed or repeated exposure scenario, microtissues were exposed to benzo(a)pyrene, allowed to recover, then exposed a second time for 24h. Following pre-exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, cyp1a expression remained equally inducible and the pattern and level of Cyp1a protein response to a second exposure were comparable. However, pre-exposure to 1μM or 5μM of benzo(a)pyrene resulted in increased cell death, greater disruption of microtissue architecture, and alterations in cell morphology. Together, this study demonstrates the capabilities of this PLHC-1 microtissue model for sensitive assessment of liver toxicants over time and following single and repeated exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April L Rodd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Norma J Messier
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Charles A Vaslet
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Agnes B Kane
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tapia-Orozco N, Santiago-Toledo G, Barrón V, Espinosa-García AM, García-García JA, García-Arrazola R. Environmental epigenomics: Current approaches to assess epigenetic effects of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC's) on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 51:94-99. [PMID: 28215500 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental Epigenomics is a developing field to study the epigenetic effect on human health from exposure to environmental factors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have been detected primarily in pharmaceutical drugs, personal care products, food additives, and food containers. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been associated with a high incidence and prevalence of many endocrine-related disorders in humans. Nevertheless, further evidence is needed to establish a correlation between exposure to EDC and human disorders. Conventional detection of EDCs is based on chemical structure and concentration sample analysis. However, substantial evidence has emerged, suggesting that cell exposure to EDCs leads to epigenetic changes, independently of its chemical structure with non-monotonic low-dose responses. Consequently, a paradigm shift in toxicology assessment of EDCs is proposed based on a comprehensive review of analytical techniques used to evaluate the epigenetic effects. Fundamental insights reported elsewhere are compared in order to establish DNA methylation analysis as a viable method for assessing endocrine disruptors beyond the conventional study approach of chemical structure and concentration analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia-Orozco
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Santiago-Toledo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; Abraxas Biolabs SAPI de CV, Donato Guerra 9, Álvaro Obregón, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
| | - Valeria Barrón
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de México, Dr Balmis 148, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Roeb García-Arrazola
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lyons BP, Bignell JP, Stentiford GD, Bolam TPC, Rumney HS, Bersuder P, Barber JL, Askem CE, Nicolaus MEE, Maes T. Determining Good Environmental Status under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive: Case study for descriptor 8 (chemical contaminants). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:118-129. [PMID: 26733271 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires individual member states to develop a robust set of tools for defining eleven qualitative descriptors of Good Environmental Status (GES), such as demonstrating that "Concentrations of contaminants are at levels not giving rise to pollution effects" (GES descriptor 8). Adopting the recommendations of the ICES/OSPAR Study Group for the Integrated Monitoring of Contaminants and Biological Effects (SGIMC), we present a case study demonstrating how the proposed approach, using chemical contaminant (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) and biological effects (EROD, bile metabolites and pathology) data in different matrices (sediment and biota), could be used to contribute to the determination of GES in a region of the North Sea region off the east coast of the UK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P Lyons
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - J P Bignell
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - G D Stentiford
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - T P C Bolam
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - H S Rumney
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - P Bersuder
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C E Askem
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - M E E Nicolaus
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - T Maes
- Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Balbi T, Ciacci C, Grasselli E, Smerilli A, Voci A, Canesi L. Utilization of Mytilus digestive gland cells for the in vitro screening of potential metabolic disruptors in aquatic invertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:26-35. [PMID: 27626137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate systems, many endocrine disruptors (EDs) can also interfere with energy and lipid metabolism, thus acting as metabolic disruptors. At the cellular level, these effects are mainly mediated by interactions with nuclear receptors/transcription factors, leading to the modulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis, as well as by rapid, receptor-independent pathways. Several potential metabolic disruptors are found in aquatic environments. In fish, different EDs have been shown to affect hepatic lipid homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro. However, little information is available in aquatic invertebrates due to our poor knowledge of the regulatory pathways of lipid metabolism. In this work, primary cell cultures from the digestive gland of the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis were utilized to investigate the effects of model EDs (bisphenol A (BPA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS)) on lipid homeostasis. Both compounds (at 24 and 3h of exposure) increased intracellular lipid and tryglyceride-TAG content, with strongest effects of PFOS at 10-7M. Acyl-CoA oxidase activity was unaffected, whereas some changes in the activity of glycolytic, antioxidant/biotransformation enzymes were observed; however, no clear relationship was found with lipid accumulation. Evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm and determination of extracellular TAG content indicate that PFOS interferes with mitochondrial function and lipid secretion, whereas BPA mainly affects lipid secretion. Experiments with specific inhibitors showed that activation of PI-3 kinase and extracellularly regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK MAPK) plays a key role in mediating lipid accumulation. Mussel digestive gland cells represent a simple in vitro model for screening the metabolic effects of EDs in marine invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Arianna Smerilli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maruya KA, Dodder NG, Mehinto AC, Denslow ND, Schlenk D, Snyder SA, Weisberg SB. A tiered, integrated biological and chemical monitoring framework for contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2016; 12:540-7. [PMID: 26426153 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemical-specific risk-based paradigm that informs monitoring and assessment of environmental contaminants does not apply well to the many thousands of new chemicals that are being introduced into ambient receiving waters. We propose a tiered framework that incorporates bioanalytical screening tools and diagnostic nontargeted chemical analysis to more effectively monitor for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The framework is based on a comprehensive battery of in vitro bioassays to first screen for a broad spectrum of CECs and nontargeted analytical methods to identify bioactive contaminants missed by the currently favored targeted analyses. Water quality managers in California have embraced this strategy with plans to further develop and test this framework in regional and statewide pilot studies on waterbodies that receive discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and stormwater runoff. In addition to directly informing decisions, the data obtained using this framework can be used to construct and validate models that better predict CEC occurrence and toxicity. The adaptive interplay among screening results, diagnostic assessment and predictive modeling will allow managers to make decisions based on the most current and relevant information, instead of extrapolating from parameters with questionable linkage to CEC impacts. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:540-547. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Nathan G Dodder
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stephen B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fabbri E, Franzellitti S. Human pharmaceuticals in the marine environment: Focus on exposure and biological effects in animal species. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:799-812. [PMID: 26111460 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine waters have been poorly investigated for the occurrence of pharmaceutical contamination. Recent data confirm that pharmaceuticals occur widely in marine and coastal environments; therefore, assessment of potential risk to marine species needs further efforts. The present study represents the first extensive review of pharmaceutical contamination in marine environments addressing the effects on the marine biota analyzed at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. Because pharmaceuticals differ from conventional pollutants, being designed to interact with specific physiological pathways at low doses, the most recent evidence on modes of action and physiological alterations on marine animal species are discussed. Data on spatial distributions of pharmaceuticals in waters and sediments, as well as bioaccumulation rates, are also presented. The present review also seeks to expand knowledge of how the quality of coastal and marine environments could be efficiently monitored to anticipate possible health and environmental risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Sciences Research, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Sciences Research, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Andersen JH, Murray C, Larsen MM, Green N, Høgåsen T, Dahlgren E, Garnaga-Budrė G, Gustavson K, Haarich M, Kallenbach EMF, Mannio J, Strand J, Korpinen S. Development and testing of a prototype tool for integrated assessment of chemical status in marine environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:115. [PMID: 26810208 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and application of a prototype tool for integrated assessment of chemical status in aquatic environments based on substance- and matrix-specific environmental assessment criteria (thresholds). The Chemical Status Assessment Tool (CHASE) integrates data on hazardous substances in water, sediments and biota as well as bio-effect indicators and is based on a substance- or bio-effect-specific calculation of a 'contamination ratio' being the ratio between an observed concentration and a threshold value. Values <1.0 indicate areas potentially 'unaffected', while values >1.0 indicate areas potentially 'affected'. These ratios are combined within matrices, i.e. for water, sediment and biota and for biological effects. The overall assessment used a 'one out, all out principle' with regard to each matrix. The CHASE tool was tested in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in 376 assessment units. In the former, the chemical status was >1.0 in practically all areas indicating that all areas assessed were potentially affected. The North Sea included areas classified as unaffected or affected. The CHASE tool can in combination with temporal trend assessments of individual substances be advantageous for use in remedial action plans and, in particular, for the science-based evaluation of the status and for determining which specific substances are responsible for a status as potentially affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper H Andersen
- NIVA Denmark Water Research, Ørestads Boulevard 73, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
- Marine Research Centre, SYKE, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ciarán Murray
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Martin M Larsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Norman Green
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Høgåsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Dahlgren
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Galina Garnaga-Budrė
- Marine Research Department, Environmental Protection Agency, Klaipėda, Lithuania
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Klaipėda University, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jaakko Mannio
- Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production, SYKE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakob Strand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Franco L, Romero D, García-Navarro JA, Teles M, Tvarijonaviciute A. Esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to pollutants: Analytical validation and effects evaluation by single and mixed heavy metal exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:30-35. [PMID: 26705576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to optimize and validate methods for esterase activity (EA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) determination in mussel' gills, and to establish the relationships between these biomarkers and Pb, Cd and Cu pollution, in single form and ternary mixture. Two different buffers for sample homogenization, the need of ultracentrifugation, and analytical validation were evaluated. Coefficients of variation, when buffer without additives and ultracentrifugation were used, were <15%, and recovery were 97%-109% in all cases. The EA response tends to decrease with treatments, TOS decreased significantly in Cd and ternary groups, while TAC tended to increase in treatments with Pb, Cd and ternary groups. In conclusion, the methods for EA, TOS and TAC measurements in gills of mussel were precise and accurate and could be interesting resources in biomonitoring programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - José A García-Navarro
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI". Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI". Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hutchinson TH, Madden JC, Naidoo V, Walker CH. Comparative metabolism as a key driver of wildlife species sensitivity to human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0583. [PMID: 25405970 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and veterinary drug development addresses absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicology (ADMET) of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in the target species. Metabolism is an important factor in controlling circulating plasma and target tissue API concentrations and in generating metabolites which are more easily eliminated in bile, faeces and urine. The essential purpose of xenobiotic metabolism is to convert lipid-soluble, non-polar and non-excretable chemicals into water soluble, polar molecules that are readily excreted. Xenobiotic metabolism is classified into Phase I enzymatic reactions (which add or expose reactive functional groups on xenobiotic molecules), Phase II reactions (resulting in xenobiotic conjugation with large water-soluble, polar molecules) and Phase III cellular efflux transport processes. The human-fish plasma model provides a useful approach to understanding the pharmacokinetics of APIs (e.g. diclofenac, ibuprofen and propranolol) in freshwater fish, where gill and liver metabolism of APIs have been shown to be of importance. By contrast, wildlife species with low metabolic competency may exhibit zero-order metabolic (pharmacokinetic) profiles and thus high API toxicity, as in the case of diclofenac and the dramatic decline of vulture populations across the Indian subcontinent. A similar threat looms for African Cape Griffon vultures exposed to ketoprofen and meloxicam, recent studies indicating toxicity relates to zero-order metabolism (suggesting P450 Phase I enzyme system or Phase II glucuronidation deficiencies). While all aspects of ADMET are important in toxicity evaluations, these observations demonstrate the importance of methods for predicting API comparative metabolism as a central part of environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Judith C Madden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Vinny Naidoo
- Departmental of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng 0110, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gaw S, Thomas KV, Hutchinson TH. Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in the marine and coastal environment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0572. [PMID: 25405962 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a significant investment in research to define exposures and potential hazards of pharmaceuticals in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. A substantial number of integrated environmental risk assessments have been developed in Europe, North America and many other regions for these situations. In contrast, comparatively few empirical studies have been conducted for human and veterinary pharmaceuticals that are likely to enter coastal and marine ecosystems. This is a critical knowledge gap given the significant increase in coastal human populations around the globe and the growth of coastal megacities, together with the increasing importance of coastal aquaculture around the world. There is increasing evidence that pharmaceuticals are present and are impacting on marine and coastal environments. This paper reviews the sources, impacts and concentrations of pharmaceuticals in marine and coastal environments to identify knowledge gaps and suggests focused case studies as a priority for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Gaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research [NIVA], Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas H Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou B. Adverse outcome pathway: Framework, application, and challenges in chemical risk assessment. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 35:191-193. [PMID: 26354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee JW, Won EJ, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. Significance of adverse outcome pathways in biomarker-based environmental risk assessment in aquatic organisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 35:115-127. [PMID: 26354700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In environmental risk assessments (ERA), biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes (e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function). To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and selenium (Se). Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels. Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment. The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wuk Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dallas LJ, Jha AN. Applications of biological tools or biomarkers in aquatic biota: A case study of the Tamar estuary, South West England. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:618-633. [PMID: 25817310 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are the ultimate recipients of pollutant-induced damage. Consequently, our traditional reliance on analytical tools is not enough to assess ecosystem health. Biological responses or biomarkers are therefore also considered to be important tools for environmental hazard and risk assessments. Due to historical mining, other anthropogenic activities, and its conservational importance (e.g. NATURA sites, SACs), the Tamar estuary in South West England is an ideal environment in which to examine applications of such biological tools. This review presents a thorough and critical evaluation of the different biological tools used in the Tamar estuary thus far, while also discussing future perspectives for biomarker studies from a global perspective. In particular, we focus on the challenges which hinder applications of biological tools from being more readily incorporated into regulatory frameworks, with the aim of enabling both policymakers and primary stakeholders to maximise the environmental relevance and regulatory usefulness of such tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tappin AD, Millward GE. The English Channel: Contamination status of its transitional and coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:529-550. [PMID: 25649837 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical contamination (organic compounds, metals, radionuclides, microplastics, nutrients) of English Channel waters has been reviewed, focussing on the sources, concentrations and impacts. River loads were only reliable for Pb, whereas atmospheric loads appeared robust for Cd, Pb, Hg, PCB-153 and γ-HCH. Temporal trends in atmospheric inputs were decreasing. Contaminant concentrations in biota were relatively constant or decreasing, but not for Cd, Hg and HBCDD, and deleterious impacts on fish and copepods were reported. However, data on ecotoxicological effects were generally sparse for legacy and emerging contaminants. Intercomparison of activity concentrations of artificial radionuclides in sediments and biota on both Channel coasts was hindered by differences in methodological approaches. Riverine phosphate loads decreased with time, while nitrate loads remained uniform. Increased biomass of algae, attributable to terrestrial inputs of nutrients, has affected benthic production and shellfisheries. A strategic approach to the identification of contaminant impacts on marine biota is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Tappin
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - G E Millward
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Poynton HC, Robinson WE, Blalock BJ, Hannigan RE. Correlation of transcriptomic responses and metal bioaccumulation in Mytilus edulis L. reveals early indicators of stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:129-141. [PMID: 25016106 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine biomonitoring programs in the U.S. and Europe have historically relied on monitoring tissue concentrations of bivalves to monitor contaminant levels and ecosystem health. By integrating 'omic methods with these tissue residue approaches we can uncover mechanistic insight to link tissue concentrations to potential toxic effects. In an effort to identify novel biomarkers and better understand the molecular toxicology of metal bioaccumulation in bivalves, we exposed the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., to sub-lethal concentrations (0.54 μM) of cadmium, lead, and a Cd+Pb mixture. Metal concentrations were measured in gill tissues at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and increased linearly over the 4 week duration. In addition, there was evidence that Pb interfered with Cd uptake in the mixture treatment. Using a 3025 sequence microarray for M. edulis, we performed transcriptomic analysis, identifying 57 differentially expressed sequences. Hierarchical clustering of these sequences successfully distinguished the different treatment groups demonstrating that the expression profiles were reproducible among the treatments. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology terms identified several biological processes that were perturbed by the treatments, including nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic processes, mRNA metabolic processes, and response to stress. To identify transcripts whose expression level correlated with metal bioaccumulation, we performed Pearson correlation analysis. Several transcripts correlated with gill metal concentrations including mt10, mt20, and contig 48, an unknown transcript containing a wsc domain. In addition, three transcripts directly involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) were induced in the metal treatments at 2 weeks and were further up-regulated at 4 weeks. Overall, correlation of tissue concentrations and gene expression responses indicates that as mussels accumulate higher concentrations of metals, initial stress responses are mobilized to protect tissues. However, given the role of UPR in apoptosis, it serves as an early indicator of stress, which once overwhelmed will result in adverse physiological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Poynton
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, United States.
| | - William E Robinson
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - Bonnie J Blalock
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, United States
| | - Robyn E Hannigan
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fabbri R, Montagna M, Balbi T, Raffo E, Palumbo F, Canesi L. Adaptation of the bivalve embryotoxicity assay for the high throughput screening of emerging contaminants in Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 99:1-8. [PMID: 25081847 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (such as Endocrine disrupting chemicals-EDCs, brominated and perfluorinated compounds-BFRs and PFCs, pharmaceuticals) are chemicals currently not included in regulatory monitoring programs, and whose fate and biological impacts are poorly understood. Assessment of ecosystem health with respect to these chemicals is of particular concern also in the marine environment: in this respect, data on the effects on early life stages are important to establish the sensitivity of marine species. In this work, the acute (48 h) bivalve embryo toxicity test was applied for screening the developmental effects of different emerging contaminants in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The assay was adapted to 96-microwell plates, and standardized in order to obtain to normal D-shaped larvae with acceptability of test results based on negative control and positive control (copper) comparable with those reported in literature for Mytilus spp. The effects of different model compounds representative of EDCs (Nonylphenol-NP and Bisphenol A-BPA), BFRs (Tetrabromobisphenol A-TBBPA), PFCs (perfluorooctanoid acid-PFOA and perfluorooctane sulphonate-PFOAS) and pharmaceuticals (Ibuprofen-IBU, Diclofenac-DCF, Bezafibrate-BEZA) in a wide concentration range (0.01-0.1-1-10-100-1000 μg/L) were evaluated. The assay proved as a sensitive tool for high throughput screening of emerging contaminants in a marine species, leading to production of significant amounts of data that may be useful for regulatory purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fabbri
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Montagna
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Teresa Balbi
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Canesi
- DISTAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kalogerakis N, Arff J, Banat IM, Broch OJ, Daffonchio D, Edvardsen T, Eguiraun H, Giuliano L, Handå A, López-de-Ipiña K, Marigomez I, Martinez I, Øie G, Rojo F, Skjermo J, Zanaroli G, Fava F. The role of environmental biotechnology in exploring, exploiting, monitoring, preserving, protecting and decontaminating the marine environment. N Biotechnol 2014; 32:157-67. [PMID: 24747820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In light of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and the EU Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, environmental biotechnology could make significant contributions in the exploitation of marine resources and addressing key marine environmental problems. In this paper 14 propositions are presented focusing on (i) the contamination of the marine environment, and more particularly how to optimize the use of biotechnology-related tools and strategies for predicting and monitoring contamination and developing mitigation measures; (ii) the exploitation of the marine biological and genetic resources to progress with the sustainable, eco-compatible use of the maritime space (issues are very diversified and include, for example, waste treatment and recycling, anti-biofouling agents; bio-plastics); (iii) environmental/marine biotechnology as a driver for a sustainable economic growth.
Collapse
|
47
|
Williams TD, Mirbahai L, Chipman JK. The toxicological application of transcriptomics and epigenomics in zebrafish and other teleosts. Brief Funct Genomics 2014; 13:157-71. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
48
|
Rogers AD, Laffoley D. Introduction to the special issue: The global state of the ocean; interactions between stresses, impacts and some potential solutions. Synthesis papers from the International Programme on the State of the Ocean 2011 and 2012 workshops. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:491-494. [PMID: 23932732 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|