1
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Feng YF, Zhang Y, Yang RJ, Li SQ, Liu XJ, Han C, Xing YF, Yang JX. Ecotoxicological assessment, oxidative response, and enzyme activity disorder of the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis exposed to a toxic cocktail of spent lithium-ion battery leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135050. [PMID: 38954852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a major source of waste due to their low recovery rate. The physical disposal of spent LIBs can lead to the leaching of their contents into the surrounding environment. While it is widely agreed that hazardous substances such as nickel and cobalt in the leachate can pose a threat to the environment and human health, the overall composition and toxicity of LIB leachate remain unclear. In this study, a chemical analysis of leachate from spent LIBs was conducted to identify its primary constituents. The ecotoxicological parameters of the model organism, rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis, were assessed to elucidate the toxicity of the LIB leachate. Subsequent experiments elucidated the impacts of the LIB leachate and its representative components on the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme activity of B. asplanchnoidis. The results indicate that both the LIB leachate and its components are harmful to individual rotifers due to the adverse effects of stress-induced disturbances in biochemical indicators, posing a threat to population development. The intensified poisoning phenomenon under combined stress suggests the presence of complex synergistic effects among the components of LIB leachate. Due to the likely environmental and biological hazards, LIBs should be strictly managed after disposal. Additionally, more economical and eco-friendly recycling and treatment technologies need to be developed and commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Feng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Run-Jia Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Si-Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jie Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Cui Han
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Yi-Fu Xing
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, PR China.
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2
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Gambardella C, Miroglio R, Costa E, Cachot J, Morin B, Clérandeau C, Rotander A, Rocco K, d'Errico G, Almeda R, Alonso O, Grau E, Piazza V, Pittura L, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Faimali M, Garaventa F. New insights into the impact of leachates from in-field collected plastics on aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124233. [PMID: 38801877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of leachates from micronized beached plastics of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean on coastal marine ecosystems was investigated by using a multidisciplinary approach. Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological tests on phylogenetically distant species were performed on leachates from the following plastic categories: bottles, pellets, hard plastic (HP) containers, fishing nets (FN) and rapido trawling rubber (RTR). The bacteria Alivibrio fischeri, the nauplii of the crustaceans Amphibalanus amphitrite and Acartia tonsa, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the ephyrae of the jellyfish Aurelia sp. and the larvae of the medaka Oryzias latipes were exposed to different concentrations of leachates to evaluate lethal and sub-lethal effects. Thirty-one additives were identified in the plastic leachates; benzophenone, benzyl butyl phthalate and ethylparaben were present in all leachates. Ecotoxicity of leachates varied among plastic categories and areas, being RTR, HP and FN more toxic than plastic bottles and pellets to several marine invertebrates. The ecotoxicological results based on 13 endpoints were elaborated within a quantitative weight of evidence (WOE) model, providing a synthetic hazard index for each data typology, before their integrations in an environmental risk index. The WOE assigned a moderate and slight hazard to organisms exposed to leachates of FN and HP collected in the Mediterranean Sea respectively, and a moderate hazard to leachates of HP from the Atlantic Ocean. No hazard was found for pellet, bottles and RTR. These findings suggest that an integrated approach based on WOE on a large set of bioassays is recommended to get a more reliable assessment of the ecotoxicity of beached-plastic leachates. In addition, the additives leached from FN and HP should be further investigated to reduce high concentrations and additive types that could impact marine ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gambardella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy.
| | - Roberta Miroglio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Anna Rotander
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kevin Rocco
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe d'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Olalla Alonso
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Spain
| | - Etienne Grau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Veronica Piazza
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Pittura
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Faimali
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per lo Studio degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (CNR-IAS), Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
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3
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Le Du-Carrée J, Palacios CK, Rotander A, Larsson M, Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Engwall M, Sjöberg V, Keiter SH, Almeda R. Cocktail effects of tire wear particles leachates on diverse biological models: A multilevel analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134401. [PMID: 38678714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) stand out as a major contributor to microplastic pollution, yet their environmental impact remains inadequately understood. This study delves into the cocktail effects of TWP leachates, employing molecular, cellular, and organismal assessments on diverse biological models. Extracted in artificial seawater and analyzed for metals and organic compounds, TWP leachates revealed the presence of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and 4-tert-octylphenol. Exposure to TWP leachates (1.5 to 1000 mg peq L-1) inhibited algae growth and induced zebrafish embryotoxicity, pigment alterations, and behavioral changes. Cell painting uncovered pro-apoptotic changes, while mechanism-specific gene-reporter assays highlighted endocrine-disrupting potential, particularly antiandrogenic effects. Although heavy metals like zinc have been suggested as major players in TWP leachate toxicity, this study emphasizes water-leachable organic compounds as the primary causative agents of observed acute toxicity. The findings underscore the need to reduce TWP pollution in aquatic systems and enhance regulations governing highly toxic tire additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Clara Kempkens Palacios
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Rotander
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viktor Sjöberg
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Biology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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4
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Albani G, Asiedu D, Abrokwah S, Jónasdóttir SH, Nielsen TG, Acheampong E, Ruiz LH, Ekumah B, Koski M. Synergistic and additive effects of microplastic, nickel and pyrene on survival, reproduction, and egestion of a tropical copepod. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106737. [PMID: 37939499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal tropical ecosystems provide livelihood for millions of people but are at the same time exposed to an increasing intensity of diverse anthropogenic stressors, including pollution. Nevertheless, the combined effects of pollutants on marine ecosystems are poorly understood, particularly regarding lower trophic levels (plankton) and tropical ocean. We exposed the tropical copepod Centropages velificatus to 4-5 concentrations of a heavy metal (nickel), an oil compound (pyrene) and microplastic (PET), either alone or in combination, and measured their egestion, reproduction, and mortality rates. Microplastic alone did not have any effect on pellet or egg production of copepods, whereas nickel reduced egg production rate at concentrations ≥1 µg L-1 and pyrene reduced both egg and pellet production rates at concentrations ≥1 nM. The addition of nickel and pyrene to PET - microplastic resulted in a reduction similar to one caused by nickel or pyrene alone, suggesting an additive effect. In contrast, a combination of nickel and pyrene had a synergistic effect, with a strong reduction in survival, egg and pellet production. Our results suggest that combinations of contaminants that are commonly found in tropical coastal waters have detrimental effects on copepods-the crucial link in the pelagic food web-at lower concentrations than suggested by single stressor studies. This can have an influence on the food web productivity - the basis of fisheries that local communities rely on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Albani
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Delove Asiedu
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sika Abrokwah
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sigrún H Jónasdóttir
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torkel G Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Laura Hernández Ruiz
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernard Ekumah
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Marja Koski
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Rist S, Le Du-Carrée J, Ugwu K, Intermite C, Acosta-Dacal A, Pérez-Luzardo O, Zumbado M, Gómez M, Almeda R. Toxicity of tire particle leachates on early life stages of keystone sea urchin species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122453. [PMID: 37633434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Particles from tires are a major fraction of microplastic pollution. They contain a wide range of chemical additives that can leach into the water and be harmful to aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity of tire particle leachates in early life stages of three keystone echinoderm species (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula, Diadema africanum). Embryos were exposed for 72 h to a range of leachate dilutions, prepared using a concentration of 1 g L-1. Larval growth, abnormal development, and mortality were the measured endpoints. Furthermore, we estimated the activity of glutathione S transferase (GST) and the electron transport system (ETS) in P. lividus. Strong concentration-dependent responses were observed in all species, though with differing sensitivity. The median effect concentrations for abnormal development in P. lividus and A. lixula were 0.16 and 0.35 g L-1, respectively. In D. africanum, mortality overshadowed abnormal development and the median lethal concentration was 0.46 g L-1. Larvae of P. lividus were significantly smaller than the control from 0.125 g L-1, while the other two species were affected from 0.5 g L-1. ETS activity did not change but there was a non-significant trend of increasing GST activity with leachate concentration in P. lividus. Seven organic chemicals and eight metals were detected at elevated concentrations in the leachates. While we regard zinc as a strong candidate to explain some of the observed toxicity, it can be expected that tire particle leachates exhibit a cocktail effect and other leached additives may also contribute to their toxicity. Our results emphasize the importance of multi-species studies as they differ in their susceptibility to tire particle pollution. We found negative effects at concentrations close to projections in the environment, which calls for more research and mitigation actions on these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Rist
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR, IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Jessy Le Du-Carrée
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR, IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Kevin Ugwu
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR, IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Chiara Intermite
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR, IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera S/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio Pérez-Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera S/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera S/n, 35016, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - May Gómez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR, IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR, IU-ECOAQUA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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6
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Maji UJ, Kim K, Yeo IC, Shim KY, Jeong CB. Toxicological effects of tire rubber-derived 6PPD-quinone, a species-specific toxicant, and dithiobisbenzanilide (DTBBA) in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115002. [PMID: 37182240 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ingredients of tire-rubber products include a complex range of chemicals additives, most of which are leached into surrounding water as unmeasured toxicants with unexplored ecotoxicological impacts. The present study summarizes the reported species-specific acute toxicity of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q), the ozonation product of anti-oxidant 6PPD used in tire rubber. Also, chronic toxicity and oxidative response of 6PPD-Q and another tire-rubber derivative, 2',2'''-dithiobisbenzanilide (DTBBA), in rotifer Brachionus koreanus were investigated. Although 6PPD-Q has been reported to be highly toxic to several species of salmonids, only moderate chronic toxicity was observed in B. koreanus. In contrast, DTBBA significantly retarded the population growth and fecundity. The varying toxicity of 6PPD-Q and DTBBA was linked to the level of reactive oxygen species in which DTBBA exposure caused a significant concentration-dependent increase. Our results imply unanticipated risks to aquatic species posed by chemical additives in tire-rubber which may be considered emerging contaminants of toxicological concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Jyoti Maji
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhyeong Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Shim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Sunil Z, Thomas J, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Microplastics and leachate materials from pharmaceutical bottle: An in vivo study in Donax faba (Marine Clam). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104205. [PMID: 37392975 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Most pharmaceuticals are stored in synthetic polymer bottles, manufactured using polyethylene as the base material. The toxicological impact of pharmaceutical container leachate was studied on Donax faba. Several organics and inorganics were identified from the leachate. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leachate was higher than standard reference value for drinking water. In the leachate treatment the protein concentration increased to 8.5% more than the control. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level elevated by 3 folds and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased by 4.3% in comparison to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed a decrease by 14 and 70.5% respectively. The leachate affected the antioxidant machinery of D. faba. Similarly, these PET (polyethylene terephthalate) pharmaceutical containers could potentially leach additives into the drugs and may cause oxidative and metabolic damages to higher organisms including human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Sunil
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu
| | - John Thomas
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu
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8
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Capolupo M, Rafiq A, Coralli I, Alessandro T, Valbonesi P, Fabbri D, Fabbri E. Bioplastic leachates characterization and impacts on early larval stages and adult mussel cellular, biochemical and physiological responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120951. [PMID: 36581238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics are promoted as safer alternatives to tackle the long-term persistence of conventional plastics. However, information on the potential release of additives and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in the surrounding environment is limited, and biological effects of the leachates have been little studied. Leachates produced from three bioplastics, i.e. compostable bags (CB), bio-polyethylene terephthalate bottles (bioPET) and polylactic acid cups (PLA), and a control polymeric material, i.e. rubber tire (TR), were examined. The chemical nature of bioplastic polyesters PET, PLA and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in CB, was confirmed by analytical pyrolysis. Fragments were incubated in artificial sea water for 14 days at 20 °C in darkness and leachate contents examined by GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. Catalysts and stabilizers represented the majority of chemicals in TR, while NIAS (e.g. 1,6-dioxacyclododecane-7,12-dione) were the main components of CB. Bisphenol A occurred in all leachates at a concentration range 0.3-4.8 μg/L. Trace metals at concentrations higher than control water were found in all leachates, albeit more represented in leachates from CB and TR. A dose response to 11 dilutions of leachates (in the range 0.6-100%) was tested for biological effects on early embryo stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Embryotoxicity was observed in the whole range of tested concentrations, the magnitude of effect depending on the polymers. The highest concentrations caused reduction of egg fertilization (CB, bioPET, TR) and of larvae motility (CB, PLA, TR). TR leachates also provoked larvae mortality in the range 10-100%. Effects on adult mussel physiology were evaluated after a 7-day in vivo exposure to the different leachates at 0.6% concentration. Nine biomarkers concerning lysosomal functionality, neurotransmission, antioxidant and immune responses were assessed. All lysosomal parameters were affected, and serum lysozyme activity inhibited. Harmonized chemical and biological approaches are recommended to assess bioplastic safety and support production of sustainable bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capolupo
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Ayesha Rafiq
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna
| | - Irene Coralli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Technopole of Rimini, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Tanya Alessandro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna
| | - Paola Valbonesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Technopole of Rimini, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna.
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9
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Garrard SL, Spicer JI, Thompson RC. Tyre particle exposure affects the health of two key estuarine invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120244. [PMID: 36152711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyre wear particles may be the largest source of microplastic to the natural environment, yet information on their biological impacts is inadequate. Two key estuarine invertebrates; the clam Scrobicularia plana and the ragworm Hediste diversicolor were exposed to 10% tyre particles in sediment for three days. Both species consumed the particles, although S. plana consumed 25x more than H. diversicolor (967 compared with 35 particles.g-1 wet weight, respectively). We then investigated the impact of 21 days exposure to different concentrations of tyre particles in estuarine sediments (0.2, 1, and 5% dry weight sediment) on aspects of the health of S. plana and H. diversicolor. Reductions in feeding and burial rates were observed for S. plana but not H. diversicolor, whilst both species showed a decrease in protein content in response to the greatest tyre particle concentration (5%), linked to an 18% decrease in energy reserves for H. diversicolor. Five percent tyre particle exposure led to an increase in total glutathione in the tissues of H. diversicolor, whilst lipid peroxidation decreased in the digestive glands of S. plana, possibly due to an increase in cell turnover. This study found that S. plana's health was impacted at lower concentrations than H. diversicolor, likely due to its consumption of large quantities of sediment. At the high exposure concentration (5%), the health of both invertebrates was impacted. This study did not separate the effects caused by the microplastic particles versus the effects of the chemical additives leaching from these particles, but our results do indicate that future studies should investigate effects in isolation and in combination, to determine the main drivers of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Garrard
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - J I Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - R C Thompson
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological & Marine Science University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Seuront L, Zardi GI, Uguen M, Bouchet VMP, Delaeter C, Henry S, Spilmont N, Nicastro KR. A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157187. [PMID: 35868387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is one of the most ubiquitous sources of both contamination and pollution of the Anthropocene, and accumulates virtually everywhere on the planet. As such, plastic threatens the environment, the economy and human well-being globally. The related potential threats have been identified as a major global conservation issue and a key research priority. As a consequence, plastic pollution has become one of the most prolific fields of research in research areas including chemistry, physics, oceanography, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, molecular biology, sociology, economy, conservation, management, and even politics. In this context, one may legitimately expect plastic pollution research to be highly interdisciplinary. However, using the emerging topic of microplastic and nanoplastic leachate (i.e., the desorption of molecules that are adsorbed onto the surface of a polymer and/or absorbed into the polymer matrix in the absence of plastic ingestion) in the ocean as a case study, we argue that this is still far from being the case. Instead, we highlight that plastic pollution research rather seems to remain structured in mostly isolated monodisciplinary studies. A plethora of analytical methods are now available to qualify and quantify plastic monomers, polymers and the related additives. We nevertheless show though a survey of the literature that most studies addressing the effects of leachates on marine organisms essentially still lack of a quantitative assessment of the chemical nature and content of both plastic items and their leachates. In the context of the ever-increasing research effort devoted to assess the biological and ecological effects of plastic waste, we subsequently argue that the lack of a true interdisciplinary approach is likely to hamper the development of this research field. We finally introduce a roadmap for future research which has to evolve through the development of a sound and systematic ability to chemically define what we biologically compare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Marine Energy and Resource, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Marine Uguen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Solène Henry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
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11
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Shin H, Sukumaran V, Yeo IC, Shim KY, Lee S, Choi HK, Ha SY, Kim M, Jung JH, Lee JS, Jeong CB. Phenotypic toxicity, oxidative response, and transcriptomic deregulation of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis exposed to a toxic cocktail of tire-wear particle leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129417. [PMID: 35779397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tire-wear particles (TWPs) are potential source of microplastic (MP) pollution in marine environments. Although the hazardous effects of MPs on marine biota have received considerable attention, the toxicity of TWPs and associated leachates remain poorly understood. Here, to assess the toxicity of TWP leachate and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were assessed with chemistry analysis of a TWP leachate. Although acute toxicity was induced, and a variety of metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were detected in the leachate, levels were below the threshold for acute toxicity. The results of particle analysis suggest that the acute toxicity observed in our study is the result of a toxic cocktail of micro- and/or nano-sized TWPs and other additives in TWP leachate. The adverse effects of TWP leachate were associated with differential expression of genes related to cellular processes, stress response, and impaired metabolism, with further oxidative stress responses. Our results imply that TWPs pose a greater threat to marine biota than other plastic particles as they constitute a major source of nano- and microplastics that have synergistic effects with the additives contained in TWP leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Shin
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Vrinda Sukumaran
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Shim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Lee
- Department of Engine Researach, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Ha
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkoo Kim
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Delaeter C, Spilmont N, Bouchet VMP, Seuront L. Plastic leachates: Bridging the gap between a conspicuous pollution and its pernicious effects on marine life. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154091. [PMID: 35219681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With 4 to 12 million tons of plastic entering the marine environment each year, plastic pollution has become one of the most ubiquitous sources of pollution of the Anthropocene threatening the marine environment. Beyond the conspicuous physical damages, plastics may release a cocktail of harmful chemicals, i.e. monomers, additives and persistent organic pollutants. Although known to be highly toxic, plastic leachates seemingly appear, however, as the "somewhat sickly child" of the plastic pollution literature. We reviewed the only 26 studies investigating the impact of plastic leachates on marine microbes and invertebrates, and concluded that the observed effects essentially depend on the species, polymer type, plastic composition, accumulated contaminants and weathering processes. We identified several gaps that we believe may hamper progress in this emerging area of research and discussed how they could be bridged to further our understanding of the effects of the compounds released by plastic items on marine organisms. We first stress the lack of a consensus on the use of the term 'leachate', and subsequently introduce the concepts of primary and secondary leachates, based on the intrinisic or extrinsic origin of the products released in bulk seawater. We discuss how methodological inconsistencies and the discrepancy between the polymers used in experiments and their abundance in the environment respectively limit comparison between studies and a comprehensive assessment of the effects leachate may actually have in the ocean. We also discuss how the imbalanced in the variety of both organisms and polymers considered, the mostly unrealistic concentrations used in laboratory experiments, and the lack of investigation on key ecosystem engineers may considerably narrow the spectrum of our understanding of the plastic leachates' effects. We finally discuss how increasing multi-disciplinarity through collaborations between different research fields may benefit to an area of research which is still in its early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Delaeter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent M P Bouchet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Assessment of acute toxicity and developmental transformation impacts of polyethylene microbead exposure on larval daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemon pugio). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6967. [PMID: 35484203 PMCID: PMC9051112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ubiquity of microplastic contamination in coastal waters, there is potential for adverse impacts to organism development. One organism of interest is the daggerblade grass shrimp, Palaemon pugio, an ecologically important species in estuaries along the east coast of North America. We exposed larval grass shrimp to virgin polyethylene microbeads (35 and 58 µm) at a high (0.375 and 1.95 mg/L), medium (0.0375 and 0.195 mg/L), and a low concentration (0.00375 and 0.0195 mg/L), respectively for 23 days to assess mortality, transformation time from larval to juvenile stage, and weight. Average percent mortality was 3.7 to 4.8 times higher in the experimental treatments compared to controls. The greatest proportion of mortality was observed in the first 11 days. Median time for transformation ranged from 20.2 to 20.8 days. Shrimp exposed to the 35 µm beads in the high treatment (20.2 days) transformed significantly faster than the control shrimp (20.8 days). Although development was not delayed and size of the shrimp did not differ, the acute toxicity of microplastics on grass shrimp is a concern due to their role in energy cycling within tidal-creeks. These findings suggest potential population and community level effects following microplastic exposure.
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