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Whytock KL, Divoux A, Sun Y, Pino MF, Yu G, Jin CA, Robino JJ, Plekhanov A, Varlamov O, Smith SR, Walsh MJ, Sparks LM. Aging human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue at single cell resolution. Aging Cell 2024:e14287. [PMID: 39141531 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a robust energy storage and endocrine organ critical for maintaining metabolic health as we age. Our aim was to identify cell-specific transcriptional aberrations that occur in WAT with aging. We leveraged full-length snRNA-Seq and histology to characterize the cellular landscape of human abdominal subcutaneous WAT in a prospective cohort of 10 younger (≤30 years) and 10 older individuals (≥65 years) balanced for sex and body mass index (BMI). The older group had greater cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, thyroid stimulating hormone, and aspartate transaminase compared to the younger group (p < 0.05). We highlight that aging WAT is associated with adipocyte hypertrophy, increased proportions of lipid-associated macrophages and mast cells, an upregulation of immune responses linked to fibrosis in pre-adipocyte, adipocyte, and vascular populations, and highlight CXCL14 as a biomarker of these processes. We show that older WAT has elevated levels of senescence marker p16 in adipocytes and identify the adipocyte subpopulation driving this senescence profile. We confirm that these transcriptional and phenotypical changes occur without overt fibrosis and in older individuals that have comparable WAT insulin sensitivity to the younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - A Divoux
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - M F Pino
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - G Yu
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - C A Jin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - J J Robino
- Divisions of Metabolic Health and Disease, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - A Plekhanov
- Divisions of Metabolic Health and Disease, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - O Varlamov
- Divisions of Metabolic Health and Disease, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - S R Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - M J Walsh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - L M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Mahmoodi M, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Nabavi M, Penalva YCM, Gosaine A, Murshed M, Couldwell S, Munter LM, Kaartinen MT. Circulating plasma fibronectin affects tissue insulin sensitivity, adipocyte differentiation, and transcriptional landscape of adipose tissue in mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16152. [PMID: 39054559 PMCID: PMC11272447 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma fibronectin (pFN) is a hepatocyte-derived circulating extracellular matrix protein that affects cell morphology, adipogenesis, and insulin signaling of adipocytes in vitro. In this study, we show pFN accrual to adipose tissue and its contribution to tissue homeostasis in mice. Hepatocyte-specific conditional Fn1 knockout mice (Fn1-/-ALB) show a decrease in adipose tissue FN levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity of subcutaneous (inguinal), visceral (epididymal) adipose tissue on a normal diet. Diet-induced obesity model of the Fn1-/-ALB mouse showed normal weight gain and whole-body fat mass, and normal adipose tissue depot volumes and unaltered circulating leptin and adiponectin levels. However, Fn1-/-ALB adipose depots showed significant alterations in adipocyte size and gene expression profiles. The inguinal adipose tissue on a normal diet, which had alterations in fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis suggesting browning. The presence of increased beige adipocyte markers Ucp1 and Prdm16 supported this. In the inguinal fat, the obesogenic diet resulted in downregulation of the browning markers and changes in gene expression reflecting development, morphogenesis, and mesenchymal stem cell maintenance. Epididymal adipose tissue showed alterations in developmental and stem cell gene expression on both diets. The data suggests a role for pFN in adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and cell profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Mir‐Hamed Nabavi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ylauna C. M. Penalva
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Amrita Gosaine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Monzur Murshed
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Shriners Hospital for ChildrenMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sandrine Couldwell
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Lisa M. Munter
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Mari T. Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences)McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Medicine (Division of Experimental Medicine), Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Carobbio S, Pellegrinelli V, Vidal-Puig A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Determines Lipotoxicity and Triggers the Metabolic Syndrome: Current Challenges and Clinical Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:231-272. [PMID: 39287854 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The adipose tissue organ is organised as distinct anatomical depots located all along the body axis, and it is constituted of three different types of adipocytes: white, beige and brown, which are integrated with vascular, immune, neural, and extracellular stroma cells. These distinct adipocytes serve different specialised functions. The main function of white adipocytes is to ensure healthy storage of excess nutrients/energy and its rapid mobilisation to supply the demand of energy imposed by physiological cues in other organs, whereas brown and beige adipocytes are designed for heat production through uncoupling lipid oxidation from energy production. The concerted action of the three types of adipocytes/tissues ensures an optimal metabolic status. However, when one or several of these adipose depots become dysfunctional because of sustained lipid/nutrient overload, then insulin resistance and associated metabolic complications ensue. These metabolic alterations close a vicious cycle that negatively affects the adipose tissue functionality and compromises global metabolic homeostasis. Optimising white adipose tissue expandability and ensuring its functional metabolic flexibility and/or promoting brown/beige mediated thermogenic activity are complementary strategies that counteract obesity and its associated lipotoxic metabolic effects. However, the development of these therapeutic approaches requires a deep understanding of adipose tissue in all broad aspects. In this chapter, we will discuss the characteristics of the different adipose tissue depots with respect to origins and precursors recruitment, plasticity, cellular composition, and expandability capacity potential as well as molecular and metabolic characteristic signatures in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Current antilipotoxic strategies for future clinical application are also discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Pellegrinelli
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigación Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Fried SK. Adipose 'neighborhoods' collaborate to maintain metabolic health. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102079. [PMID: 37406429 PMCID: PMC10867982 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Body fat is stored in anatomically distinct adipose depots that vary in their cell composition and play specialized roles in systemic metabolic homeostasis via secreted products. Their local effects on nearby tissues (e.g. the gut and visceral adipose tissues) are increasingly recognized and this local crosstalk is being elucidated. The major subcutaneous fat depots, abdominal and gluteal-femoral, exert opposite effects on the risk of metabolic disease. The pace of research into developmental, sex, and genetic determinants of human adipose depot growth and function is rapidly accelerating, providing insight into the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction in persons with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Fried
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1152, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Meen AJ, Doncheva AI, Böttcher Y, Dankel SN, Hoffmann A, Blüher M, Fernø J, Mellgren G, Ghosh A, Sun W, Dong H, Noé F, Wolfrum C, Pejler G, Dalen KT, Kolset SO. Obesity Is Associated with Distorted Proteoglycan Expression in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086884. [PMID: 37108048 PMCID: PMC10138342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are central components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and binding partners for inflammatory chemokines. Morphological differences in the ECM and increased inflammation are prominent features of the white adipose tissues in patients with obesity. The impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiposity and proteoglycan expression. We analyzed transcriptomic data from two human bariatric surgery cohorts. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed on adipose tissues from female and male mice fed a high-fat diet. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were analyzed. Adipose mRNA expression of specific proteoglycans, proteoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, proteoglycan partner molecules, and other ECM-related proteins were altered in both human cohorts. We consistently observed more profound alterations in gene expression of ECM targets in the visceral adipose tissues after surgery (among others VCAN (p = 0.000309), OGN (p = 0.000976), GPC4 (p = 0.00525), COL1A1 (p = 0.00221)). Further, gene analyses in mice revealed sex differences in these two tissue compartments in obese mice. We suggest that adipose tissue repair is still in progress long after surgery, which may reflect challenges in remodeling increased adipose tissues. This study can provide the basis for more mechanistic studies on the role of proteoglycans in adipose tissues in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri J Meen
- Department of Medical Biology, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Yvonne Böttcher
- EpiGen, Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, 1474 Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johan Fernø
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Apte SS, Naba A. Beyond the matrisome: New frontiers in ECM research. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:133-138. [PMID: 36572230 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Singhal S, Singhal SK, Stover AD, Rajpathy O, Preszler E, Garcia L, Basson MD. RNA Sequencing of Intestinal Enterocytes Pre- and Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Reveals Alteration in Gene Expression Related to Enterocyte Differentiation, Restitution, and Obesity with Regulation by Schlafen 12. Cells 2022; 11:3283. [PMID: 36291149 PMCID: PMC9601224 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal lining renews itself in a programmed fashion that can be affected by adaptation to surgical procedures such as gastric bypass. METHODS To assess adaptive mechanisms in the human intestine after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), we biopsied proximal jejunum at the anastomotic site during surgery to establish a baseline and endoscopically re-biopsied the same area 6-9 months after bypass for comparison. Laser microdissection was performed on pre- and post-RYGB biopsies to isolate enterocytes for RNA sequencing. RESULTS RNA sequencing suggested significant decreases in gene expression associated with G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation of the cell cycle pathway, and significant increases in gene expression associated with the CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway TCA cycle II pathway, and pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage pathway after RYGB. Since Schlafen 12 (SLFN12) is reported to influence enterocytic differentiation, we stained mucosa for SLFN12 and observed increased SLFN12 immunoreactivity. We investigated SLFN12 overexpression in HIEC-6 and FHs 74 Int intestinal epithelial cells and observed similar increased expression of the following genes that were also increased after RYGB: HES2, CARD9, SLC19A2, FBXW7, STXBP4, SPARCL1, and UTS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that RYGB promotes SLFN12 protein expression, cellular mechanism and replication pathways, and genes associated with differentiation and restitution (HES2, CARD9, SLC19A2), as well as obesity-related genes (FBXW7, STXBP4, SPARCL1, UTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie E. Vomhof-DeKrey
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sonalika Singhal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Sandeep K. Singhal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Allie D. Stover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Odele Rajpathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Preszler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Luis Garcia
- Sanford Health Clinic, Sioux Falls, ND 57117, USA
| | - Marc D. Basson
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Dysregulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Environment Modelling in Non-Insulin Resistant Obesity and Responses to Omega-3 Fatty Acids – A Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922654. [PMID: 35958557 PMCID: PMC9358040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced lipid accumulation and the expansion of adipose tissue accompanied by hypoxia and inflammatory signalling. Investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in people living with obesity in which metabolic complications such as insulin resistance are yet to manifest is limited, and the mechanisms by which these processes are dysregulated are not well elucidated. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with lipid accumulation and collagen deposition and reduce the number of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue from individuals with insulin resistance. Therefore, these lipids may have positive actions on obesity associated scWAT hypertrophy and inflammation. Methods To evaluate obesity-associated tissue remodelling and responses to LC n-3 PUFAs, abdominal scWAT biopsies were collected from normal weight individuals and those living with obesity prior to and following 12-week intervention with marine LC n-3 PUFAs (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA daily). RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and histochemical staining were used to assess remodelling- and inflammatory-associated gene expression, tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. Results Obesity was associated with scWAT hypertrophy (P < 0.001), hypoxia, remodelling, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, we highlight the novel dysregulation of Wnt signalling in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs beneficially modulated the scWAT environment through downregulating the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and remodelling pathways (P <0.001), but there were altered outcomes in individuals living with obesity in comparison to normal weight individuals. Conclusion Our data identify dysregulation of Wnt signalling, hypoxia, and hypertrophy, and enhanced macrophage infiltration in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs modulate some of these processes, especially in normal weight individuals which may be preventative and limit the development of restrictive and inflammatory scWAT in the development of obesity. We conclude that a higher dose or longer duration of LC n-3 PUFA intervention may be needed to reduce obesity-associated scWAT inflammation and promote tissue homeostasis. Clinical Trial Registration www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN96712688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | | | - Elie Antoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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